Posterior clinoid processes: Difference between revisions

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	{{Infobox bone		{{Infobox bone
	\| Name = Posterior clinoid processes		\| Name = Posterior clinoid processes
	\| Latin = ~~Processus~~ clinoideus posterior		\| Latin = processus clinoideus posterior
	\| GraySubject = 35
	\| GrayPage = 147
	\| Image = Gray145.png		\| Image = Gray145.png
	\| Caption = ]. ~~Upper~~ ~~surface~~. (Posterior clinoid process labeled at upper left.)		\| Caption = ]. Superior view. (Posterior clinoid process labeled at upper left.)
	\| Image2 = Gray193.png		\| Image2 = Gray193.png
	\| Caption2 = ]. Upper surface. (Caption for posterior clinoid process visible at center left. ] is yellow.))		\| Caption2 = ]. Upper surface. (Caption for posterior clinoid process visible at center left. ] is yellow.)
	\| MeshName =
	\| MeshNumber =
	\| DorlandsPre = p_34
	\| DorlandsSuf = 12667375
	}}		}}
			The '''posterior clinoid processes''' are the tubercles of the ] situated at the superior angles of the ] (one on each angle) which represents the posterior boundary of the ]. They vary considerably in size and form. The posterior clinoid processes deepen the sella turcica, and give attachment to (the attached border of) the ],'''<ref name=":0222">{{Cite book \|last=Sinnatamby \|first=Chummy S. \|title=Last's Anatomy \|publisher= Elsevier Australia\|year=2011 \|isbn=978-0-7295-3752-0 \|edition=12th \|pages=}}</ref>{{Rp\|page=440, 509}}''' and the dura forming the floor of the ].'''<ref name=":0222" />{{Rp\|page=441}}'''
	In the ], the anterior boundary of the ] is completed by two small eminences, one on either side, called the ], while the posterior boundary is formed by a square-shaped plate of bone, the ], ending at its superior angles in two tubercles, the '''posterior clinoid processes''', the size and form of which vary considerably in different individuals. The posterior clinoid processes deepen the sella turcica, and give attachment to the ].

	]
			== The petroclinoid ligament ==
			{{Move section portions to\|Petroclinoid ligament\|date=July 2023}}
			The petroclinoid ligament is a fold of dura matter. It extends between the posterior clinoid process and ] and the petrosal part of the ] of the skull. There are two separate bands of the ligament; named the anterior and posterior petroclinoid ligaments respectively. The anterior petroclinoid ligament is considered to be an extension of the tentorium cerebelli and the posterior petroclinoid ligament arises from the posteromedial extensions of the tentorial notch. The anterior and posterior petroclinoid ligaments are bands composed of collagen and elastic fibres that are densely packed in fascicles <ref>{{Cite journal\|last=J. Skrzat, J. Walocha, J.K. Jaworek, I. Mróz\|date=23 November 2006\|title=The clinical significance of the petroclinoid ligament\|journal=Via Medica\|volume=66\|pages=39–43\|s2cid=10568096}}</ref>

			'''Their function:'''

			The anterior petroclinoid ligament acts to laterally limit the superior wall of the cavernous sinus. The posterior petroclinoid ligament limits the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus. The angle between the two ligaments varies from 20 to 55 degrees.<ref>{{Cite book\|title=Skull base and related structure. Atlas of clinical anatomy.\|last=Lang\|first=Johannes\|publisher=Schattauer\|year=1995\|location=Stuttgart}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book\|title=Clinically oriented anatomy. 4th Edition.\|vauthors=Moore KL, Dalley AF \|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins\|year=1999\|location=Philadelphia}}</ref>

			'''Anatomical Relations and Clinical significance:'''

			The posterior petroclinoid ligament is in close proximity to the oculomotor nerve. During head trauma, it acts as a fulcrum following the downward displacement of the brainstem. This can cause injury to the pupillomotor fibres of the oculomotor nerve, consequently leading to internal ]<ref>{{Cite journal\|vauthors=Nagaseki Y, Shimizu T, Kakizawa T, Fukamachi A, Nukui H \|date=1989\|title=Primary internal ophthalmoplegia due to head injury.\|journal=Acta Neurochir (Wien)\|volume=97\|issue=3–4\|pages=117–122\|pmid=2718803\|doi=10.1007/BF01772821\|s2cid=358411}}</ref>

			The petroclinoid ligament attaches across the notch at the petrosphenoid junction. This forms a foramen, and within this lies the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve travels inferiorly to the petroclinoid ligament <ref>{{Cite journal\|vauthors=Piffer CR, Zorzetto NL \|date=1980\|title=Course and relations of the abducens nerve\|journal=Anat Anz\|volume=147\|issue=1\|pages=42–46\|pmid=7396225}}</ref>

			'''Ossification'''

			The petroclinoid ligament could calcify. An ossified form of the ligament may create a syndrome, and this can be seen on a radiograph. The ossified ligament is a typical anatomical anomaly.<ref>{{Cite journal\|vauthors=Kimonis VE, Mehta SG, Digiovanna JJ, Bale SJ, Pastakia B \|date=2004\|title=Radiological features in 82 patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC or Gorlin) syndrome.\|journal=Genet Med\|volume=6\|issue=6\|pages=495–502\|pmid=15545745\|doi=10.1097/01.GIM.0000145045.17711.1C\|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal\|vauthors=Reddy DR, Prasad VS, Reddy JJ, Prasad BC \|date=1993\|title=Neuro-radiology of skeletal fluorosis.\|journal=Ann Acad Med Singapore\|volume=22\|issue=3 Suppl\|pages=493–500\|pmid=8215206}}</ref>]

	==Etymology==		==Etymology==

	Clinoid likely comes from the Greek root ''klinein'' or the Latin ''clinare'', both meaning "sloped" as in "inclined."		Clinoid likely comes from the Greek root ''klinein'' or the Latin ''clinare'', both meaning "sloped" as in "inclined."

			==References==
			{{Reflist}}
		⚫	{{Gray's}}

	==External links==		==External links==
			* {{cite web\|url=http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s34257.000-2.html\|title=Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-2\|work= Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator\|publisher= Elsevier\|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622050647/http://www.tk.de/rochelexikon/pics/s34257.000-2.html\|archive-date=2013-06-22}}
	* {{RocheLexicon\|34257.000-2}}
	* {{SUNYAnatomyFigs\|22\|5b\|06}}		* {{SUNYAnatomyFigs\|22\|5b\|06}}

⚫	{{Gray's}}
	{{Skull}}		{{Skull}}
			{{Portal bar\|Anatomy}}
			{{Authority control}}

	]		]

Latest revision as of 03:15, 2 September 2024

Posterior clinoid processes
Sphenoid bone. Superior view. (Posterior clinoid process labeled at upper left.)
Base of the skull. Upper surface. (Caption for posterior clinoid process visible at center left. Sphenoid bone is yellow.)
Details
Identifiers
Latin	processus clinoideus posterior
TA98	A02.1.05.011
TA2	595
FMA	54696
Anatomical terms of bone[edit on Wikidata]

The posterior clinoid processes are the tubercles of the sphenoid bone situated at the superior angles of the dorsum sellae (one on each angle) which represents the posterior boundary of the sella turcica. They vary considerably in size and form. The posterior clinoid processes deepen the sella turcica, and give attachment to (the attached border of) the tentorium cerebelli, and the dura forming the floor of the hypophyseal fossa (sella turcica).

The petroclinoid ligament

It has been suggested that portions of this section be split out into another article titled Petroclinoid ligament. (Discuss) (July 2023)

The petroclinoid ligament is a fold of dura matter. It extends between the posterior clinoid process and anterior clinoid process and the petrosal part of the temporal bone of the skull. There are two separate bands of the ligament; named the anterior and posterior petroclinoid ligaments respectively. The anterior petroclinoid ligament is considered to be an extension of the tentorium cerebelli and the posterior petroclinoid ligament arises from the posteromedial extensions of the tentorial notch. The anterior and posterior petroclinoid ligaments are bands composed of collagen and elastic fibres that are densely packed in fascicles

Their function:

The anterior petroclinoid ligament acts to laterally limit the superior wall of the cavernous sinus. The posterior petroclinoid ligament limits the posterior wall of the cavernous sinus. The angle between the two ligaments varies from 20 to 55 degrees.

Anatomical Relations and Clinical significance:

The posterior petroclinoid ligament is in close proximity to the oculomotor nerve. During head trauma, it acts as a fulcrum following the downward displacement of the brainstem. This can cause injury to the pupillomotor fibres of the oculomotor nerve, consequently leading to internal ophthalmoplegia

The petroclinoid ligament attaches across the notch at the petrosphenoid junction. This forms a foramen, and within this lies the abducens nerve. The abducens nerve travels inferiorly to the petroclinoid ligament

Ossification

The petroclinoid ligament could calcify. An ossified form of the ligament may create a syndrome, and this can be seen on a radiograph. The ossified ligament is a typical anatomical anomaly.

Etymology

Clinoid likely comes from the Greek root klinein or the Latin clinare, both meaning "sloped" as in "inclined."

References

^ Sinnatamby, Chummy S. (2011). Last's Anatomy (12th ed.). Elsevier Australia. ISBN 978-0-7295-3752-0.
J. Skrzat, J. Walocha, J.K. Jaworek, I. Mróz (23 November 2006). "The clinical significance of the petroclinoid ligament". Via Medica. 66: 39–43. S2CID 10568096.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
Lang, Johannes (1995). Skull base and related structure. Atlas of clinical anatomy. Stuttgart: Schattauer.
Moore KL, Dalley AF (1999). Clinically oriented anatomy. 4th Edition. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Nagaseki Y, Shimizu T, Kakizawa T, Fukamachi A, Nukui H (1989). "Primary internal ophthalmoplegia due to head injury". Acta Neurochir (Wien). 97 (3–4): 117–122. doi:10.1007/BF01772821. PMID 2718803. S2CID 358411.
Piffer CR, Zorzetto NL (1980). "Course and relations of the abducens nerve". Anat Anz. 147 (1): 42–46. PMID 7396225.
Kimonis VE, Mehta SG, Digiovanna JJ, Bale SJ, Pastakia B (2004). "Radiological features in 82 patients with nevoid basal cell carcinoma (NBCC or Gorlin) syndrome". Genet Med. 6 (6): 495–502. doi:10.1097/01.GIM.0000145045.17711.1C. PMID 15545745.
Reddy DR, Prasad VS, Reddy JJ, Prasad BC (1993). "Neuro-radiology of skeletal fluorosis". Ann Acad Med Singapore. 22 (3 Suppl): 493–500. PMID 8215206.

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 147 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

External links

"Anatomy diagram: 34257.000-2". Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator. Elsevier. Archived from the original on 2013-06-22.
Anatomy figure: 22:5b-06 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center

Neurocranium of the skull

Occipital

Squamous part	external Inion/External occipital protuberance Occipital bun External occipital crest Nuchal lines Suprainiac fossa planes Occipital Nuchal internal Cruciform eminence Internal occipital protuberance Internal occipital crest Groove for transverse sinus
Lateral parts	Condyle Condyloid fossa Condylar canal Hypoglossal canal jugular Jugular process Jugular tubercle
Basilar part	Pharyngeal tubercle Clivus
Other	Foramen magnum Basion Opisthion

Parietal

Frontal

Squamous part	Frontal suture Frontal eminence external Superciliary arches Glabella foramina Supraorbital foramen Brow ridge Foramen cecum Zygomatic process internal Sagittal sulcus Frontal crest
Orbital part	Ethmoidal notch Fossa for lacrimal gland Trochlear fovea Frontal sinus Frontonasal duct

Temporal

Squamous part	Articular tubercle Suprameatal triangle Mandibular fossa Petrotympanic fissure Zygomatic process
Mastoid part	Mastoid foramen Mastoid process (Mastoid cells) Mastoid notch Occipital groove Sigmoid sulcus Mastoid antrum (Aditus)
Petrous part	Carotid canal Facial canal Hiatus Internal auditory meatus Cochlear aqueduct Stylomastoid foramen fossae Subarcuate fossa Jugular fossa canaliculi Inferior tympanic Mastoid Styloid process Petrosquamous suture (note: ossicles in petrous part, but not part of temporal bone)
Tympanic part	Suprameatal spine

Sphenoid

Surfaces	Superior surface: Sella turcica Dorsum sellae Tuberculum sellae Hypophysial fossa Posterior clinoid processes Ethmoidal spine Chiasmatic groove Middle clinoid process Petrosal process Clivus Lateral surface: Carotid groove Sphenoidal lingula Anterior surface: Sphenoidal sinuses
Great wings	foramina Rotundum Ovale Vesalii Spinosum Spine Infratemporal crest Sulcus of auditory tube
Small wings	Superior orbital fissure Anterior clinoid process Optic canal
Pterygoid processes	fossae Pterygoid Scaphoid pterygoid plates Lateral Medial Pterygoid canal Hamulus
Other	Body Sphenoidal conchae

Ethmoid

Plates	Cribriform plate Crista galli Olfactory foramina Perpendicular plate
Surfaces	Lateral surface Orbital lamina Uncinate process Medial surface Supreme nasal concha Superior nasal concha Superior meatus Middle nasal concha Middle meatus
Labyrinth	Ethmoid sinus ethmoidal foramina Posterior Anterior

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