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{{Short description|Volcano on the Australian subantarctic territory}}
⚫ ], from ] ].]]
{{Use Australian English|date=May 2024}}
'''Big Ben''' is a volcanic ] that dominates the geography of ]. It is a composite cone with a diameter of approximately 25 ]s. Its highest peak is ], one of only two ] in ]n territory which is 2,745 ] ]. Much of it is covered by ice, including 12 major ]s which descend from Big Ben to the sea.
{{Infobox mountain
| name =
| photo = ISS018-E-038182 lrg.jpg
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Satellite image of the southern tip of ]. ] is seen on the left side of the image, with ] just above and ] just below. Big Ben and ] are seen at the lower right side of the image.
| elevation_m = 2745
| elevation_ref = <ref name="gnis">{{cite gnis | type = antarid | id = 1351 | name = Big Ben | accessdate = 2019-08-10}}</ref>
| prominence_m = 2745
| prominence_ref = <ref name="gnis"/>
| listing = ]<br />]
| location = ], ]
| map = Indian Ocean
| map_caption = Location of Big Ben
| map_size = 350
| label_position = right
| coordinates = {{coord|53|06|00|S|73|31|00|E|type:mountain_scale:100000|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_ref = <ref name="gnis"/>
| topo = RAN Heard Island 291
| type = ]
| age = ]
| last_eruption = 2012 – ongoing <small>(as of 2021)</small><ref>{{cite web|url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=234010&vtab=Eruptions|title=Heard|work=]|publisher=]|accessdate=2019-08-10}}</ref>
| first_ascent =
| easiest_route =
}}
'''Big Ben''' (previously known as '''Big Ben Peak''', '''Old Ben Mountain''', '''Emperor William Peak''' and '''Kaiser Wilhelm-Berg''')<ref name="gnis"/> is a ] ] that dominates the geography of ] in the southern ]. It is a ] with a diameter of about {{convert|25|km|mi|abbr=on}}. Its highest point is ], which is {{convert|2745|m|ft|abbr=on}} ]. Much of it is covered by ice, including 14 major ]s which descend from Big Ben to the sea. Big Ben is the highest mountain in Australian states and territories, except for the ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://heardisland.antarctica.gov.au/about/frequently-asked-questions|title=Frequently asked questions|last=Division|first=c=AU;o=Commonwealth of Australia;ou=Department of the Environment;ou=Australian Antarctic|website=heardisland.antarctica.gov.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2016-05-23}}</ref> The Australian Antarctic Territory is a ] unrecognised by most other countries,<ref>{{Cite web|title = Antarctic Region|url = https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-ocean-and-polar-affairs/antarctic/#:~:text=Seven%20countries%20(Argentina%2C%20Australia%2C,has%20not%20made%20a%20claim.|website = U.S. Department of State|access-date = 2024-06-14|language = en-AU}}</ref> meaning that Big Ben is the highest mountain over which Australia has true ]. A smaller volcanic headland, the ], extends about {{convert|10|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} to the northwest, created by a separate volcano, ]; its highest point is ], at {{convert|715|m|ft|abbr=on}}.


==Volcanic activity==
A smaller volcanic headland, the ], extends approximately 10&nbsp;km to the northwest, created by a separate volcano, ]; its highest point is ], at 715&nbsp;m.
⚫ ], from ] ]]]
Big Ben formed about one million years ago.<ref name="ahi">{{cite news |last=McCarthy |first=Marty |date=25 January 2019 |title=Australia's Heard Island: A mysterious land of fire and ice |url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-01-25/heard-island-australias-mysterious-land-of-fire-and-ice/10713860 |work=ABC News |access-date=5 July 2024}}</ref> Volcanic activity at the cone has been known since 1881. An ] occurred in 1993.<ref> {{dead link|date=July 2024}}</ref> Satellite images detected eruptions during 2000. On 2 February 2016, observations from ], {{convert|15|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} northwest of Mawson Peak, showed plumes up to {{convert|1|km|ft|abbr=on}} high over the volcano. Satellite images showed hotspots at various times from 2003 to 2008, and during September 2012.<ref></ref> A further eruption was reported on 2 February 2016, and was recorded by scientists who happened to be in the area on an expedition. Big Ben does not endanger humans because Heard Island is uninhabited.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Scientists film Big Ben sub-Antarctic volcano eruption|url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-35468579|website = BBC News|access-date = 2016-02-02}}</ref>


Big Ben is in a remote location, and without regular observation it is possible that eruptions have occurred at other times.
⚫ ==External links==
⚫ *


==See also==
{{Antarctica-geo-stub}}
{{Portal|Australia|Volcanoes}}
*]


==References==
{{coor title dm|53|05|S|73|03|E|}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite book |editor-last=LeMasurier |editor-first=W. E. |editor-last2=Thomson |editor-first2=J. W. | title = Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans | publisher = ] | year = 1990 | isbn = 0-87590-172-7 | page = 512 pp }}


⚫ ==External links==
⚫ ]
*Click {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140211194507/http://www.heardisland.aq/__data/assets/pdf_file/0018/639/HIMI_general.pdf |date=2014-02-11 }} to see a map of Heard Island and McDonald Islands, including all major topographical features
⚫ *
*Australian Government (Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities)


{{Authority control}}
]

⚫ ]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 04:47, 5 September 2024

Volcano on the Australian subantarctic territory

Big Ben
Satellite image of the southern tip of Heard Island. Cape Arkona is seen on the left side of the image, with Lied Glacier just above and Gotley Glacier just below. Big Ben and Mawson Peak are seen at the lower right side of the image.
Highest point
Elevation2,745 m (9,006 ft)
Prominence2,745 m (9,006 ft)
ListingCountry high point
Ultra
Coordinates53°06′00″S 73°31′00″E / 53.10000°S 73.51667°E / -53.10000; 73.51667
Geography
Big Ben (Heard Island) is located in Indian OceanBig Ben (Heard Island)Location of Big Ben
LocationHeard Island, Australia
Topo mapRAN Heard Island 291
Geology
Rock ageQuaternary
Mountain typeStratovolcano
Last eruption2012 – ongoing (as of 2021)

Big Ben (previously known as Big Ben Peak, Old Ben Mountain, Emperor William Peak and Kaiser Wilhelm-Berg) is a volcanic massif that dominates the geography of Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. It is a stratovolcano with a diameter of about 25 km (16 mi). Its highest point is Mawson Peak, which is 2,745 m (9,006 ft) above sea level. Much of it is covered by ice, including 14 major glaciers which descend from Big Ben to the sea. Big Ben is the highest mountain in Australian states and territories, except for the Australian Antarctic Territory. The Australian Antarctic Territory is a territorial claim unrecognised by most other countries, meaning that Big Ben is the highest mountain over which Australia has true sovereignty. A smaller volcanic headland, the Laurens Peninsula, extends about 10 km (6 mi) to the northwest, created by a separate volcano, Mount Dixon; its highest point is Anzac Peak, at 715 m (2,346 ft).

Volcanic activity

Big Ben is the large massif to the bottom right (southeast) of this image of Heard Island, from NASA WorldWind

Big Ben formed about one million years ago. Volcanic activity at the cone has been known since 1881. An eruption occurred in 1993. Satellite images detected eruptions during 2000. On 2 February 2016, observations from Atlas Cove, 15 km (9 mi) northwest of Mawson Peak, showed plumes up to 1 km (3,300 ft) high over the volcano. Satellite images showed hotspots at various times from 2003 to 2008, and during September 2012. A further eruption was reported on 2 February 2016, and was recorded by scientists who happened to be in the area on an expedition. Big Ben does not endanger humans because Heard Island is uninhabited.

Big Ben is in a remote location, and without regular observation it is possible that eruptions have occurred at other times.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Big Ben". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  2. "Heard". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2019-08-10.
  3. Division, c=AU;o=Commonwealth of Australia;ou=Department of the Environment;ou=Australian Antarctic. "Frequently asked questions". heardisland.antarctica.gov.au. Retrieved 2016-05-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. "Antarctic Region". U.S. Department of State. Retrieved 2024-06-14.
  5. McCarthy, Marty (25 January 2019). "Australia's Heard Island: A mysterious land of fire and ice". ABC News. Retrieved 5 July 2024.
  6. Big Ben
  7. Heard Island Volcano - John Seach
  8. "Scientists film Big Ben sub-Antarctic volcano eruption". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-02-02.

External links

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