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| {{Year nav|1104}} | {{Year nav|1104}} | ||
| {{C12 year in topic}} | {{C12 year in topic}} | ||
| ] (r. 1104–1134).]] | ] (r. 1104–1134).]] | ||
| Year '''1104''' (''']''') was a ] (link will display the full calendar) of the ]. | Year '''1104''' (''']''') was a ] (link will display the full calendar) of the ]. | ||
| == Events == | == Events == | ||
| <onlyinclude> | <onlyinclude> | ||
| === By place === | === By place === | ||
| ==== Byzantine Empire ==== | ==== Byzantine Empire ==== | ||
| * Summer – The ] re-occupy the Cilician cities of ], ] and ]. A naval squadron, under Admiral ], pursues in |
* Summer – The ] re-occupy the Cilician cities of ], ] and ]. A naval squadron, under Admiral ], pursues in Cypriot waters a ] raiding fleet, and sails on to ], where they capture the harbour and the lower city. ] reinforces the garrison in the citadel.<ref>] (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 37. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> | ||
| ==== Levant ==== | ==== Levant ==== | ||
| * Spring – The Crusaders, led by Bohemond I, re-invade the territory of ], and try to capture the town of ]. The attack fails, owing to the resistance of the local ] tribe. Meanwhile, ] cuts the communications between Aleppo and the ].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 32–33. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> | * Spring – The Crusaders, led by Bohemond I, re-invade the territory of ], and try to capture the town of ]. The attack fails, owing to the resistance of the local ] tribe. Meanwhile, ] cuts the communications between Aleppo and the ].<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', pp. 32–33. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> | ||
| * ] – ]: The Crusaders under ] are defeated by the ]. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. ] (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes ] of ]. The defeat at ] marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion. | * ] – ]: The Crusaders under ] are defeated by the ]. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. ] (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes ] of ]. The defeat at ] marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion. | ||
| * ] – King ] captures ], the port is besieged from April, and blockaded by the Genoese and ] fleet. Baldwin promises a free passage to those who |
* ] – King ] captures ], the port is besieged from April, and blockaded by the Genoese and ] fleet. Baldwin promises a free passage to those who want to move to ], but the Italian sailors plunder the wealthy Muslim emigrants and kill many of them.<ref>Malcolm Barber (2012). ''The Crusader States'', pp. 68–69. Yale University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-300-11312-9}}.</ref> | ||
| * Autumn – Bohemond I departs to ] for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor ] |
* Autumn – Bohemond I departs to ] for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor ]. Tancred becomes co-ruler over ] – and appoints his brother-in-law, ], as his deputy.<ref>Steven Runciman (1951). ''A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem'', p. 38. {{ISBN|978-0-241-29876-3}}.</ref> | ||
| * ], Seljuk ruler ('']'') of ], founds a short-lived principality in ] (the first example of a series of Seljuk |
* ], Seljuk ruler ('']'') of ], founds a short-lived principality in ] (the first example of a series of Seljuk-ruled dynasties). | ||
| ==== England ==== | ==== England ==== | ||
| * ] – ] is reburied in ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kennedy|first1=Maev|title=St Cuthbert's coffin features in new display at Durham Cathedral|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/28/st-cuthberts-coffin-durham-cathedral|website= |
* ] – ] is reburied in ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Kennedy|first1=Maev|title=St Cuthbert's coffin features in new display at Durham Cathedral|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/jul/28/st-cuthberts-coffin-durham-cathedral|website=The Guardian|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en|date=28 July 2017}}</ref> | ||
| ==== Europe ==== | ==== Europe ==== | ||
| * ] – ] |
* ] – ] becomes king of ] and ] (after the death of his half-brother ]). | ||
| * King ] |
* King ] of ] defeats 100,000 Seljuk Turks with only 1,500 warriors (approximate date).{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} | ||
| * Sultan ] of the ] starts a war with the ]. | * Sultan ] of the ] starts a war with the ]. | ||
| * The ] is founded in ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Squires|first1=Nick|title=Italian navy hires out Venice's feted Arsenale for conventions to make up for government cuts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/21/italian-navy-hires-venices-once-mighty-arsenal-scourge-ottomans/|website=The Telegraph|access-date=27 April 2018|date=2018}}</ref> | * The ] is founded in ].<ref>{{cite web|last1=Squires|first1=Nick|title=Italian navy hires out Venice's feted Arsenale for conventions to make up for government cuts|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/01/21/italian-navy-hires-venices-once-mighty-arsenal-scourge-ottomans/|website=The Telegraph|access-date=27 April 2018|date=2018}}</ref> | ||
| === By topic === | === By topic === | ||
| ⚫ | ==== Religion ==== | ||
| ⚫ | * ] – The new basilica at ] (located in northern ] in ]) is dedicated. | ||
| ==== Volcanology ==== | ==== Volcanology ==== | ||
| * Autumn – The volcano ] erupts in ] and devastates farms for 45 miles (some 70 km) around.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hekla - volcano, Iceland|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Hekla|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref> | * Autumn – The volcano ] erupts in ] and devastates farms for 45 miles (some 70 km) around.<ref>{{cite web|title=Hekla - volcano, Iceland|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Hekla|website=Encyclopedia Britannica|access-date=27 April 2018|language=en}}</ref></onlyinclude> | ||
| ⚫ | ==== Religion ==== | ||
| ⚫ | * ] – The new basilica at ] (located in northern ] |
||
| </onlyinclude> | |||
| == Births == | == Births == | ||
| Line 55: | Line 53: | ||
| * ], Hammadid ruler | * ], Hammadid ruler | ||
| * ], ruler of the ] | * ], ruler of the ] | ||
| * ] |
* ], bishop of ] | ||
| * ], Welsh bishop | * ], Welsh bishop | ||
| * ], king of ] and ] | * ], king of ] and ] | ||
Revision as of 22:18, 7 September 2024
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| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1104 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1104 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1104 MCIV |
| Ab urbe condita | 1857 |
| Armenian calendar | 553 ԹՎ ՇԾԳ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5854 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1025–1026 |
| Bengali calendar | 511 |
| Berber calendar | 2054 |
| English Regnal year | 4 Hen. 1 – 5 Hen. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1648 |
| Burmese calendar | 466 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6612–6613 |
| Chinese calendar | 癸未年 (Water Goat) 3801 or 3594 — to — 甲申年 (Wood Monkey) 3802 or 3595 |
| Coptic calendar | 820–821 |
| Discordian calendar | 2270 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1096–1097 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4864–4865 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1160–1161 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1025–1026 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4204–4205 |
| Holocene calendar | 11104 |
| Igbo calendar | 104–105 |
| Iranian calendar | 482–483 |
| Islamic calendar | 497–498 |
| Japanese calendar | Kōwa 6 / Chōji 1 (長治元年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1009–1010 |
| Julian calendar | 1104 MCIV |
| Korean calendar | 3437 |
| Minguo calendar | 808 before ROC 民前808年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −364 |
| Seleucid era | 1415/1416 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1646–1647 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴水羊年 (female Water-Goat) 1230 or 849 or 77 — to — 阳木猴年 (male Wood-Monkey) 1231 or 850 or 78 |
Year 1104 (MCIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
- Summer – The Byzantines re-occupy the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. A naval squadron, under Admiral Cantacuzenus, pursues in Cypriot waters a Genoese raiding fleet, and sails on to Latakia, where they capture the harbour and the lower city. Bohemond I reinforces the garrison in the citadel.
Levant
- Spring – The Crusaders, led by Bohemond I, re-invade the territory of Aleppo, and try to capture the town of Kafar Latha. The attack fails, owing to the resistance of the local Banu tribe. Meanwhile, Joscelin of Courtenay cuts the communications between Aleppo and the Euphrates.
- May 7 – Battle of Harran: The Crusaders under Baldwin II are defeated by the Seljuk Turks. Baldwin and Joscelin of Courtenay are taken prisoner. Tancred (nephew of Bohemond I) becomes regent of Edessa. The defeat at Harran marks a key turning point of Crusader expansion.
- May 26 – King Baldwin I captures Acre, the port is besieged from April, and blockaded by the Genoese and Pisan fleet. Baldwin promises a free passage to those who want to move to Ascalon, but the Italian sailors plunder the wealthy Muslim emigrants and kill many of them.
- Autumn – Bohemond I departs to Italy for reinforcements. He takes with him gold and silver, and precious stuff to raise an army against Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. Tancred becomes co-ruler over Antioch – and appoints his brother-in-law, Richard of Salerno, as his deputy.
- Toghtekin, Seljuk ruler (atabeg) of Damascus, founds a short-lived principality in Syria (the first example of a series of Seljuk-ruled dynasties).
England
- September 3 – St. Cuthbert is reburied in Durham Cathedral.
Europe
- September 28 – Alfonso I becomes king of Aragon and Navarre (after the death of his half-brother Peter I).
- King David IV of Georgia defeats 100,000 Seljuk Turks with only 1,500 warriors (approximate date).
- Sultan Kilij Arslan I of the Sultanate of Rum starts a war with the Danishmendids.
- The Venetian Arsenal is founded in Venice.
By topic
Religion
- April 21 – The new basilica at Vézelay Abbey (located in northern Burgundy in France) is dedicated.
Volcanology
Births
- Euphrosyne of Polotsk, Kievan princess (d. 1167)
- Fujiwara no Kiyosuke, Japanese waka poet (d. 1177)
- Gens du Beaucet, French hermit and saint (d. 1127)
- Ibn Zafar al Siqilli, Arab-Sicilian politician (d. 1170)
- Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester (d. 1168)
- Vladimir Volodarevich, Galician prince (d. 1152)
- Waleran de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Worcester (d. 1166)
Deaths
- June 8 – Duqaq, Seljuk ruler of Damascus
- September 25 – Simon II, French nobleman
- October 26 – Johann I, bishop of Speyer
- Al-Mansur ibn al-Nasir, Hammadid ruler
- Danishmend Gazi, ruler of the Danishmends
- Ebontius, bishop of Barbastro
- Herewald of Llandaff, Welsh bishop
- Peter I, king of Aragon and Navarre
- Seraphin, archbishop of Esztergom
- Serlo, Norman cleric and abbot
- Sökmen, governor of Jerusalem
- Svend Tronkræver, Danish prince
References
- Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 37. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, pp. 32–33. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- Malcolm Barber (2012). The Crusader States, pp. 68–69. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11312-9.
- Steven Runciman (1951). A History of the Crusades. Vol II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem, p. 38. ISBN 978-0-241-29876-3.
- Kennedy, Maev (July 28, 2017). "St Cuthbert's coffin features in new display at Durham Cathedral". The Guardian. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
- Squires, Nick (2018). "Italian navy hires out Venice's feted Arsenale for conventions to make up for government cuts". The Telegraph. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
- "Hekla - volcano, Iceland". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
- "Beaumont, Robert de Earl of Leicester 1104-1168". Worldcat. Retrieved April 27, 2018.