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| {{ |
{{Short description|Ship-based reconnaissance floatplane}} | ||
| <!-- This article is a part of ]. Please see ] for recommended layout. --> | <!-- This article is a part of ]. Please see ] for recommended layout. --> | ||
| {{Infobox aircraft | |||
| |name = He 60 | |name = He 60 | ||
| |image =Heinkel He 60.jpg | |image =Heinkel He 60.jpg | ||
| |caption =Heinkel He 60. | |caption =Heinkel He 60. | ||
| }}{{Infobox Aircraft Type | |||
| |type = Reconnaissance seaplane | |type = Reconnaissance seaplane | ||
| |manufacturer = ] | |manufacturer = ] | ||
| |designer = | |designer = | ||
| | |
|first_flight = Early ] | ||
| |introduction =1933 | |introduction =1933 | ||
| |retired =1943 | |retired =1943 | ||
| |status = | |status = | ||
| | |
|primary_user = '']'' | ||
| | |
|more_users = '']'' | ||
| |produced = | |produced = | ||
| | |
|number_built = 361 | ||
| |unit cost = | |unit cost = | ||
| | |
|developed_from = | ||
| |variants |
|variants = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| |} | |||
| The '''Heinkel He 60''' was a ] single-engined ] ] ] designed to be ]ed from '']'' (German navy) ]s of the 1930s. | The '''Heinkel He 60''' was a ] single-engined ] ] ] designed to be ]ed from '']'' (German navy) ]s of the 1930s. | ||
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| ==Development and design== | ==Development and design== | ||
| The Heinkel He 60 was designed by Heinkel engineer |
The Heinkel He 60 was designed by Heinkel engineer Reinhold Mewes, the designer of the ].<ref name="donald p97">Donald 1994, p.97.</ref> The resulting design was a single-engined ] of mixed wood and metal construction with fabric covering. Its ] wings were of equal-span and had significant ].<ref name="Smith p229">Smith and Kay 1972, p.229.</ref> | ||
| The first prototype flew early in 1933 and proved to be underpowered with its 492 kW (660 hp) BMW VI engine. The second prototype had a more powerful version of the BMW engine, but this only marginally improved its performance and was unreliable, so production aircraft reverted to the original engine.<ref name="Smith p229"/><ref name="Green v6 p71">Green 1962, p.71</ref> Of conventional configuration, the He 60 was a sturdy aircraft, designed (as the specification required) to be capable of operating on the open sea. As a result, it was always somewhat underpowered for its weight, which made handling sluggish and the aircraft vulnerable to enemy fire. Attempts were made to solve its lack of power by fitting one aircraft with a ] engine, but engines were not available for production.<ref name="Green v6 p72">Green 1962, p.72.</ref> | The first prototype flew early in 1933 and proved to be underpowered with its 492 kW (660 hp) BMW VI engine. The second prototype had a more powerful version of the BMW engine, but this only marginally improved its performance and was unreliable, so production aircraft reverted to the original engine.<ref name="Smith p229"/><ref name="Green v6 p71">Green 1962, p.71</ref> Of conventional configuration, the He 60 was a sturdy aircraft, designed (as the specification required) to be capable of operating on the open sea. As a result, it was always somewhat underpowered for its weight, which made handling sluggish and the aircraft vulnerable to enemy fire. Attempts were made to solve its lack of power by fitting one aircraft with a ] engine, but engines were not available for production.<ref name="Green v6 p72">Green 1962, p.72.</ref> About 200 He 60Cs and Ds were built by Arado and Weser.{{Sfn | Munson | 1978 | p = 71}} | ||
| ==Operational history== | ==Operational history== | ||
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| Initial deliveries of the He 60 were to ''Kriegsmarine'' training units in June 1933.<ref name="Green v6 p72"/> From 1934, the major production version, the He 60C began to be delivered to the shipboard ] units of the ''Kriegsmarine'', operating from the catapults of all German cruisers.<ref name="Green v6 p73"/> It also saw action with Spanish Nationalist forces during the ].<ref name="donald p97"/> | Initial deliveries of the He 60 were to ''Kriegsmarine'' training units in June 1933.<ref name="Green v6 p72"/> From 1934, the major production version, the He 60C began to be delivered to the shipboard ] units of the ''Kriegsmarine'', operating from the catapults of all German cruisers.<ref name="Green v6 p73"/> It also saw action with Spanish Nationalist forces during the ].<ref name="donald p97"/> | ||
| In 1939 it was replaced as a shipboard aircraft first by the ] in service, then soon after by the ], but it remained in service with several coast reconnaissance ''Staffeln'' (squadrons) when ] began.<ref name="Smith p231">Smith and Kay 1972, p.231.</ref> It had been withdrawn from front-line service by 1940, but returned to use following Germany's ] in 1941, being used for coastal patrol work in the ] and ]s. All He 60s were removed from service by October 1943.<ref name="donald p97"/> | In 1939 it was replaced as a shipboard aircraft first by the ] in service, then soon after by the ], but it remained in service with several coast reconnaissance ''Staffeln'' (squadrons) when ] began.<ref name="Smith p231">Smith and Kay 1972, p.231.</ref> It had been withdrawn from front-line service by 1940, but returned to use following Germany's ] in 1941, being used by various SAGr (Seeaufklarungsgruppe/Maritime reconnaissance group){{Sfn | Munson | 1978 | p = 72}} for coastal patrol work in the ] and ]s. All He 60s were removed from service by October 1943.<ref name="donald p97"/> | ||
| ==Variants== | ==Variants== | ||
| Line 68: | Line 66: | ||
| ==Specifications (He 60)== | ==Specifications (He 60)== | ||
| {{Aircraft specs | {{Aircraft specs | ||
| |ref=War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes <ref name="Green v6 p73">Green 1962, p.73.</ref> | |ref=''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes'' <ref name="Green v6 p73">Green 1962, p.73.</ref> | ||
| |prime units?=met | |prime units?=met | ||
| <!-- | <!-- | ||
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| |minimum control speed note= | |minimum control speed note= | ||
| |range km=826 | |range km=826 | ||
| |range note=at {{cvt|2000|m |
|range note=at {{cvt|2000|m}} | ||
| |combat range km= | |combat range km= | ||
| |combat range note= | |combat range note= | ||
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| |climb rate ms= | |climb rate ms= | ||
| |climb rate note= | |climb rate note= | ||
| |time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m |
|time to altitude={{cvt|1000|m}} in 3 minutes 12 seconds | ||
| |wing loading kg/m2= | |wing loading kg/m2= | ||
| |wing loading note= | |wing loading note= | ||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{ |
{{Commons category|Heinkel He 60}} | ||
| ===Notes=== | ===Notes=== | ||
| {{ |
{{Reflist}} | ||
| ===Bibliography=== | ===Bibliography=== | ||
| * Donald, David (editor). ''Warplanes of the Luftwaffe''. London:Aerospace Publishing, 1994. {{ISBN|1-874023-56-5}}. | * Donald, David (editor). ''Warplanes of the Luftwaffe''. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1994. {{ISBN|1-874023-56-5}}. | ||
| * {{cite journal |last1=Fernandez|first1=José|title=Le Heinkel He 60 (3ème partie) |journal=Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire |date=August 1994 |issue=18 |pages=44–48 |trans-title=The Heinkel He 60, Part 3 |language=fr |issn=1243-8650}} | |||
| * Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". '' |
* Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". ''Air Enthusiast'', No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76. {{ISSN|0143-5450}}. | ||
| *Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes''. London:Macdonald 1962. | |||
| * |
*Green, William. ''War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes''. London: Macdonald 1962. | ||
| *Lang, Gerhard. ''The Heinkel HE 60 (Luftwaffe Profile)''. Schiffer Publishing, 2004. {{ISBN|0-88740-922-9}} | *Lang, Gerhard. ''The Heinkel HE 60 (Luftwaffe Profile)''. Schiffer Publishing, 2004. {{ISBN|0-88740-922-9}} | ||
| * {{cite book |last = Munson |first = Kenneth |title = German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour |location = Poole, Dorsett, UK |publisher = Blandford Press |year = 1978 |isbn = 0-7137-0860-3}} | |||
| *Smith, J.R. and Kay, Antony L. ''German Aircraft of the Second World War''. London: Putnam, 1972. {{ISBN|0-85177-920-4}}. | |||
| {{Heinkel aircraft}} | {{Heinkel aircraft}} | ||
| {{RLM aircraft designations}} | {{RLM aircraft designations}} | ||
| {{Spanish seaplanes}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:17, 8 September 2024
Ship-based reconnaissance floatplane| He 60 | |
|---|---|
 Heinkel He 60. | |
| General information | |
| Type | Reconnaissance seaplane |
| Manufacturer | Heinkel |
| Primary users | Luftwaffe Kriegsmarine |
| Number built | 361 |
| History | |
| Introduction date | 1933 |
| First flight | Early 1933 |
| Retired | 1943 |
The Heinkel He 60 was a German single-engined biplane reconnaissance seaplane designed to be catapulted from Kriegsmarine (German navy) warships of the 1930s.
Development and design
The Heinkel He 60 was designed by Heinkel engineer Reinhold Mewes, the designer of the He 59. The resulting design was a single-engined biplane of mixed wood and metal construction with fabric covering. Its single bay wings were of equal-span and had significant stagger.
The first prototype flew early in 1933 and proved to be underpowered with its 492 kW (660 hp) BMW VI engine. The second prototype had a more powerful version of the BMW engine, but this only marginally improved its performance and was unreliable, so production aircraft reverted to the original engine. Of conventional configuration, the He 60 was a sturdy aircraft, designed (as the specification required) to be capable of operating on the open sea. As a result, it was always somewhat underpowered for its weight, which made handling sluggish and the aircraft vulnerable to enemy fire. Attempts were made to solve its lack of power by fitting one aircraft with a Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine, but engines were not available for production. About 200 He 60Cs and Ds were built by Arado and Weser.
Operational history
Initial deliveries of the He 60 were to Kriegsmarine training units in June 1933. From 1934, the major production version, the He 60C began to be delivered to the shipboard observation seaplane units of the Kriegsmarine, operating from the catapults of all German cruisers. It also saw action with Spanish Nationalist forces during the Civil War.
In 1939 it was replaced as a shipboard aircraft first by the He 114 in service, then soon after by the Arado Ar 196, but it remained in service with several coast reconnaissance Staffeln (squadrons) when World War II began. It had been withdrawn from front-line service by 1940, but returned to use following Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, being used by various SAGr (Seeaufklarungsgruppe/Maritime reconnaissance group) for coastal patrol work in the Baltic and Mediterranean Seas. All He 60s were removed from service by October 1943.
Variants
- He 60a
- First prototype which began flight testing in early 1933.
- He 60b
- Second prototype which experimented with a more powerful engine. However, it proved no better and the design reverted to that used in the 60a.
- He 60c
- Third prototype, used for successful catapult trials in early 1933. This aircraft was delivered into operational service with the navy.
- He 60A
- 14 pre-production aircraft were ordered. A total of 81 A-variant aircraft were produced.
- He 60B
- Initial production version, commencing in 1934.
- He 60B-3
- In 1933 a single aircraft was fitted with a 671 kW (900 hp) Daimler-Benz DB 600 engine in an effort to improve performance. However, the development was dropped.
- He 60C
- In late summer 1934, the improved C-variant went into production, with first deliveries in Autumn 1934.
- He 60D
- The D-variant was similar to the He 60C, with the capability added for a fixed MG-17 machine gun and improved radio equipment. Production commenced in June 1936.
- He 60E
- 6 aircraft were ordered by Spain, and these D-variants were called the 60E, ending delivery in April 1937. They flew coastal patrols in the Spanish Civil War, and the last aircraft were withdrawn from service in 1948.
Operators
- Bulgarian Navy - 5 examples from 1942-1944
Specifications (He 60)
Data from War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes
General characteristics
- Crew: 2
- Length: 11.5 m (37 ft 9 in)
- Wingspan: 13.5 m (44 ft 3 in)
- Height: 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 56 m (600 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 2,735 kg (6,030 lb)
- Gross weight: 3,407 kg (7,511 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × BMW VI 6.0 V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 492 kW (660 hp)
- Propellers: 2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 240 km/h (150 mph, 130 kn) at sea level
- Cruise speed: 216 km/h (134 mph, 117 kn)
- Range: 826 km (513 mi, 446 nmi) at 2,000 m (6,600 ft)
- Service ceiling: 5,000 m (16,000 ft)
- Time to altitude: 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in 3 minutes 12 seconds
Armament
- Guns: 1 × 7.92 mm (.312 in) MG 15 machine gun in flexible mount for observer
See also
Related lists
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of World War II military aircraft of Germany
- List of military aircraft of Germany
References
Notes
- ^ Donald 1994, p.97.
- ^ Smith and Kay 1972, p.229.
- Green 1962, p.71
- ^ Green 1962, p.72.
- Munson 1978, p. 71.
- ^ Green 1962, p.73.
- Smith and Kay 1972, p.231.
- Munson 1978, p. 72.
Bibliography
- Donald, David (editor). Warplanes of the Luftwaffe. London: Aerospace Publishing, 1994. ISBN 1-874023-56-5.
- Fernandez, José (August 1994). "Le Heinkel He 60 (3ème partie)" [The Heinkel He 60, Part 3]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (18): 44–48. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945". Air Enthusiast, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76. ISSN 0143-5450.
- Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War: Volume Six Floatplanes. London: Macdonald 1962.
- Lang, Gerhard. The Heinkel HE 60 (Luftwaffe Profile). Schiffer Publishing, 2004. ISBN 0-88740-922-9
- Munson, Kenneth (1978). German Aircraft Of World War 2 in colour. Poole, Dorsett, UK: Blandford Press. ISBN 0-7137-0860-3.
- Smith, J.R. and Kay, Antony L. German Aircraft of the Second World War. London: Putnam, 1972. ISBN 0-85177-920-4.
| Heinkel aircraft | |||||
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| Company designations pre-1933 |
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| RLM designations 1933–1945 |
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| Projects 1933–1945 | |||||
| Foreign designations |
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| Spanish Armed Forces seaplane designations | |
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| Hidroavión (H) Seaplane | |
| Anfibio (AD) Amphibian | |