| Revision as of 02:01, 5 March 2019 edit70.60.187.3 (talk) →Host star: TypoTags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 02:23, 17 September 2024 edit undo120.152.160.97 (talk)No edit summaryTag: Visual edit | ||
| (46 intermediate revisions by 41 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{Short description|Super-Earth orbiting Kepler-438}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}<!-- note: archive and access dates are 'ymd' as allowed by MOSDATE --> | {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2015}}<!-- note: archive and access dates are 'ymd' as allowed by MOSDATE --> | ||
| {{Infobox planet | {{Infobox planet | ||
| | name = Kepler-438b<ref name="NASA-20150106">{{cite web |last1=Clavin |first1=Whitney |last2=Chou |first2=Felicia |last3=Johnson |first3=Michele |title=NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2015-003 |date=6 January 2015 |work=] | |
| name = Kepler-438b<ref name="NASA-20150106">{{cite web |last1=Clavin |first1=Whitney |last2=Chou |first2=Felicia |last3=Johnson |first3=Michele |title=NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2015-003 |date=6 January 2015 |work=] |access-date=6 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name="TG-20150107-IS">{{cite news |last=Sample |first=Ian |title=Kepler 438b: Most Earth-like planet ever discovered could be home for alien life |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/jan/06/earth-like-planet-alien-life-kepler-438bĖ |date=7 January 2015 |work=] |access-date=7 January 2015 }}</ref><ref name="Keplercitepaper-060115"/> | ||
| | image = Exoplanet Comparison Kepler-186 f.png | | image = Exoplanet Comparison Kepler-186 f.png | ||
| | caption = Approximate size comparison of Kepler-438b (right) with ] | | caption = Approximate size comparison of Kepler-438b (right) with ] | ||
| <!-- DISCOVERY --> | <!-- DISCOVERY --> | ||
| | discoverer = ] | | discoverer = ] | ||
| | discovered = 2015<ref name="EXP-2015-438b">{{cite |
| discovered = 2015<ref name="EXP-2015-438b">{{cite encyclopedia |author=Staff |title=Planet Kepler-438 b |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/kepler_438_b--2341/ |date=2015 |encyclopedia=] |access-date=11 January 2015 }}</ref> | ||
| | discovery_method = Transit | | discovery_method = Transit | ||
| <!-- DESIGNATIONS --> | <!-- DESIGNATIONS --> | ||
| Line 22: | Line 23: | ||
| <!-- NOTES --> | <!-- NOTES --> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Kepler-438b''' (also known by its ] designation ''KOI-3284.01'') is a confirmed near-Earth-sized ]. It is likely ]. It orbits on the inner edge of the ] of a ], ], about |
'''Kepler-438b''' (also known by its ] designation ''KOI-3284.01'') is a confirmed near-Earth-sized ]. It is likely ].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Northon |first=Karen |date=2015-03-19 |title=NASA's Kepler Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones |url=http://www.nasa.gov/press/2015/january/nasa-s-kepler-marks-1000th-exoplanet-discovery-uncovers-more-small-worlds-in |access-date=2022-12-29 |website=NASA}}</ref> It orbits on the inner edge of the ] of a ], ], about 460.2 ]s from ] in the ] ].<ref name="NASA-20150106" /><ref name="TG-20150107-IS" /> It receives 1.4 times our solar flux.<ref name="CD-20150106">{{cite web |last=Gilster |first=Paul |title=AAS: 8 New Planets in Habitable Zone |url=http://www.centauri-dreams.org/?p=32236 |date=6 January 2015 |work=Centauri-dreams.org |access-date=9 January 2015 }}</ref> The planet was discovered by ]'s ] using the ], in which the dimming effect that a ] causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. NASA announced the confirmation of the exoplanet on 6 January 2015.<ref name="NASA-20150106" /> | ||
| ==Characteristics== | ==Characteristics== | ||
| ===Mass, radius and temperature=== | ===Mass, radius and temperature=== | ||
| Kepler-438b is an ] planet, an exoplanet that has a mass and radius close to that of Earth. It has a radius of 1.12 {{earth radius}}, and an unknown mass. It has an ] of {{convert|276|K|C F}}, close to that of Earth. | Kepler-438b is an ] planet, an exoplanet that has a mass and radius close to that of Earth. It has a radius of 1.12 {{earth radius|link=y}}, and an unknown mass. It has an ] of {{convert|276|K|C F}}, close to that of Earth. | ||
| ===Host star=== | ===Host star=== | ||
| The planet orbits a (]) ] star named ]. The star has a mass of 0.54 {{solar mass}} and a radius of 0.52 {{solar radius}}, both lower than those of the ] by almost half. It has a surface temperature of 3748 ] and is estimated to be about 4.4 billion years old,<ref name="Keplercitepaper-060115"/> only 200 million years younger than the Sun<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universetoday.com/18237/how-old-is-the-sun/ |title=How Old is the Sun? |author=Fraser Cain |date=16 September 2008 |
The planet orbits a (]) ] star named ]. The star has a mass of 0.54 {{solar mass}} and a radius of 0.52 {{solar radius}}, both lower than those of the ] by almost half. It has a surface temperature of 3748 ] and is estimated to be about 4.4 billion years old,<ref name="Keplercitepaper-060115"/> only 200 million years younger than the Sun<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universetoday.com/18237/how-old-is-the-sun/ |title=How Old is the Sun? |author=Fraser Cain |date=16 September 2008 |publisher=] |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> and the Sun has a surface temperature of 5778 K.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.universetoday.com/18092/temperature-of-the-sun/ |title=Temperature of the Sun |author=Fraser Cain |date=15 September 2008 |publisher=Universe Today |access-date=19 February 2011}}</ref> | ||
| The star's ], or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 14.467. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye. | The star's ], or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 14.467. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye. | ||
| ===Orbit and possible moons=== | ===Orbit and possible moons=== | ||
| Kepler-438b orbits its parent star once every 35 |
Kepler-438b orbits its parent star once every 35 days and 5 hrs<ref name="NASA-20150106" /><ref name="TG-20150107-IS" /> It is likely tidally locked due to its close distance to its star.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sci-news.com/astronomy/science-kepler-438b-most-earth-like-exoplanet-02387.html|title=Kepler-438b: Astronomers Find Most Earth-Like Exoplanet Yet|work=Sci News|date=January 8, 2015|access-date=June 13, 2016}}</ref> A search for ]s by the ] project around Kepler-438b placed a maximum mass of a hypothetical moon at 29% that of the planet.<ref name="Kipping2014"/> | ||
| ==Habitability== | ==Habitability== | ||
| ], emitting stellar flares far more powerful than those from the Sun, as depicted in this artist's conception.]] | |||
| {{see also|Habitability of red dwarf systems}} | {{see also|Habitability of red dwarf systems}} | ||
| The planet was announced as orbiting within the ] of Kepler-438, a region where ] could exist on the surface of the ]. However it has been found that this planet is subjected to powerful radiation activity from its parent star every 100 days, much more violent storms than the ]s emitted by the Sun and which would be capable of sterilizing life on Earth.<ref name="Perkins2015">{{cite journal|last1=Perkins|first1=Sid|title=Earth-like planet may be not so hospitable after all, thanks to blasts of radiation|journal=Science|year=2015|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aad7455}}</ref> | The planet was announced as orbiting within the ] of Kepler-438, a region where ] could exist on the surface of the ]. However it has been found that this planet is subjected to powerful radiation activity from its parent star every 100 days, much more violent storms than the ]s emitted by the Sun and which would be capable of sterilizing life on Earth.<ref name="Perkins2015">{{cite journal|last1=Perkins|first1=Sid|title=Earth-like planet may be not so hospitable after all, thanks to blasts of radiation|journal=Science|year=2015|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.aad7455}}</ref> | ||
| Researchers at the ] say that Kepler-438b is not habitable due to the large amount of radiation it receives.<ref></ref> The question of what makes a planet habitable is much more complex than having a planet located at the right distance from its host star so that water can be liquid on its surface: various ] and ] aspects, the radiation, and the host |
Researchers at the ] say that Kepler-438b is not habitable due to the large amount of radiation it receives.<ref></ref> The question of what makes a planet habitable is much more complex than having a planet located at the right distance from its host star so that water can be liquid on its surface: various ] and ] aspects, the radiation, and the host star's ] environment can influence the evolution of planets and life, if it ].<ref name="Review 2009">{{cite journal |title=What makes a planet habitable? |journal=The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review |year=2009 |last1=Lammer |first1=H. |last2=Bredehöft |first2=J. H. |last3=Coustenis |first3=A. |last4=Khodachenko |first4=M. L. |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=181–249 |doi=10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z |url=http://veilnebula.jorgejohnson.me/uploads/3/5/8/7/3587678/lammer_et_al_2009_astron_astro_rev-4.pdf |access-date=2016-05-03 |bibcode=2009A&ARv..17..181L |s2cid=123220355 |display-authors=etal |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602235333/http://veilnebula.jorgejohnson.me/uploads/3/5/8/7/3587678/lammer_et_al_2009_astron_astro_rev-4.pdf |archive-date=2 June 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> The planet is more likely to resemble a larger and cooler version of ]. | ||
| ==Discovery and follow-up studies== | ==Discovery and follow-up studies== | ||
| In 2009, ]'s ] spacecraft was completing observing stars on its ], the instrument it uses to detect ] events, in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time. In this last test, Kepler observed {{val|50,000}} stars in the ], including Kepler-62; the preliminary light curves were sent to the Kepler science team for analysis, who chose obvious planetary companions from the bunch for follow-up at observatories. Observations for the potential exoplanet candidates took place between 13 May 2009 and 17 March 2012. After observing the respective transits, which for Kepler-438b occurred roughly every 35 days (its orbital period), it was eventually concluded that a planetary body was responsible for the periodic 35-day transits. The discovery, along with the planetary systems of the stars ], ] and ] were announced on January 6, 2015.<ref name="NASA-20150106" /> | In 2009, ]'s ] spacecraft was completing observing stars on its ], the instrument it uses to detect ] events, in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time. In this last test, Kepler observed {{val|50,000}} stars in the ], including Kepler-62; the preliminary light curves were sent to the Kepler science team for analysis, who chose obvious planetary companions from the bunch for follow-up at observatories. Observations for the potential exoplanet candidates took place between 13 May 2009 and 17 March 2012. After observing the respective transits, which for Kepler-438b occurred roughly every 35 days (its orbital period), it was eventually concluded that a planetary body was responsible for the periodic 35-day transits. The discovery, along with the planetary systems of the stars ], ] and ] were announced on January 6, 2015.<ref name="NASA-20150106" /> | ||
| At nearly {{convert|140|pc|ly|disp=flip}} distant, Kepler-438b is too far from Earth for either current telescopes, or even the next generation of planned telescopes, to accurately determine its mass or whether it has an atmosphere. The Kepler spacecraft can only focus on a small, fixed region of the sky, but the next generation of planet-hunting space telescopes, such as ] and ], will have more flexibility. Exoplanetary systems, with stars less distant than Kepler 438, can then be studied in tandem with the upcoming ] and ground-based observatories like the future ].<ref name="arxiv=1302.0845v1">{{cite journal |first1=Andrew P.V. |last1=Siemion |first2=Paul |last2=Demorest |first3=Eric |last3=Korpela |first4=Ron J. |last4=Maddalena |first5=Dan |last5=Werthimer |first6=Jeff |last6=Cobb |first7=Glen |last7=Langston |first8=Matt |last8=Lebofsky |first9=Geoffrey W. |last9=Marcy | first10=Jill |last10=Tarter | |
At nearly {{convert|140|pc|ly|disp=flip}} distant, Kepler-438b is too far from Earth for either current telescopes, or even the next generation of planned telescopes, to accurately determine its mass or whether it has an atmosphere. The Kepler spacecraft can only focus on a small, fixed region of the sky, but the next generation of planet-hunting space telescopes, such as ] and ], will have more flexibility. Exoplanetary systems, with stars less distant than Kepler 438, can then be studied in tandem with the upcoming ] and ground-based observatories like the future ].<ref name="arxiv=1302.0845v1">{{cite journal |first1=Andrew P.V. |last1=Siemion |first2=Paul |last2=Demorest |first3=Eric |last3=Korpela |first4=Ron J. |last4=Maddalena |first5=Dan |last5=Werthimer |first6=Jeff |last6=Cobb |first7=Glen |last7=Langston |first8=Matt |last8=Lebofsky |first9=Geoffrey W. |last9=Marcy | first10=Jill |last10=Tarter |author-link1=Andrew Siemion |title=A 1.1 to 1.9 GHz SETI Survey of the Kepler Field: I. A Search for Narrow-band Emission from Select Targets |journal=Astrophysical Journal |volume=767 |issue=1 |pages=94 |date=3 February 2013 |arxiv=1302.0845 |bibcode=2013ApJ...767...94S |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/94 |s2cid=119302350 }}</ref> | ||
| {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; width:600px;" | {| class="wikitable" style="margin:0.5em auto; width:600px;" | ||
| Line 52: | Line 53: | ||
| |- | |- | ||
| | style="font-size:88%" | ] | | style="font-size:88%" | ] | ||
| {{center|Confirmed small exoplanets in ]s.<br />(], ], ], ], ], Kepler-438b, ], ])<br />(Kepler Space Telescope; 6 January 2015).<ref name="NASA-20150106"/>}} | |||
| |} | |} | ||
| Line 64: | Line 65: | ||
| {{reflist|refs= | {{reflist|refs= | ||
| <ref name="Keplercitepaper-060115">{{cite journal |arxiv=1501.01101|last1=Torres|first1=Guillermo|title=Validation of Twelve Small Kepler Transiting Planets in the Habitable Zone|last2= Kipping|first2=David M.|last3=Fressin|first3=Francois|last4= Caldwell|first4=Douglas A.|last5= Twicken|first5=Joseph D.|last6=Ballard|first6=Sarah|last7= Batalha|first7=Natalie M.|last8= Bryson|first8=Stephen T.|last9= Ciardi|first9=David R.|last10= Henze|first10=Christopher E.|last11= Howell|first11=Steve B.|last12= Isaacson|first12=Howard T.|last13= Jenkins|first13=Jon M.|last14= Muirhead|first14=Philip S.|last15= Newton|first15=Elisabeth R.|last16= Petigura|first16=Erik A.|last17=Barclay|first17=Thomas|last18= Borucki|first18=William J.|last19= Crepp|first19=Justin R.|last20= Everett|first20=Mark E.|last21= Horch|first21=Elliott P.|last22= Howard|first22=Andrew W.|last23=Kolbl|first23=Rea|last24= Marcy|first24=Geoffrey W.|last25=McCauliff|first25=Sean|last26= Quintana|first26=Elisa V.|year=2015|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/99|volume=800|issue=2|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|page=99|bibcode = 2015ApJ...800...99T }}</ref> | <ref name="Keplercitepaper-060115">{{cite journal |arxiv=1501.01101|last1=Torres|first1=Guillermo|title=Validation of Twelve Small Kepler Transiting Planets in the Habitable Zone|last2= Kipping|first2=David M.|last3=Fressin|first3=Francois|last4= Caldwell|first4=Douglas A.|last5= Twicken|first5=Joseph D.|last6=Ballard|first6=Sarah|last7= Batalha|first7=Natalie M.|last8= Bryson|first8=Stephen T.|last9= Ciardi|first9=David R.|last10= Henze|first10=Christopher E.|last11= Howell|first11=Steve B.|last12= Isaacson|first12=Howard T.|last13= Jenkins|first13=Jon M.|last14= Muirhead|first14=Philip S.|last15= Newton|first15=Elisabeth R.|last16= Petigura|first16=Erik A.|last17=Barclay|first17=Thomas|last18= Borucki|first18=William J.|last19= Crepp|first19=Justin R.|last20= Everett|first20=Mark E.|last21= Horch|first21=Elliott P.|last22= Howard|first22=Andrew W.|last23=Kolbl|first23=Rea|last24= Marcy|first24=Geoffrey W.|last25=McCauliff|first25=Sean|last26= Quintana|first26=Elisa V.|year=2015|doi=10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/99|volume=800|issue=2|journal=The Astrophysical Journal|page=99|bibcode = 2015ApJ...800...99T |s2cid=8512655}}</ref> | ||
| <ref name="Kipping2014">{{cite journal | title=The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK). IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M Dwarfs | last1=Kipping | first1=D. M. | last2=Nesvorný | first2=D. | last3=Buchhave | first3=L. A. | last4=Hartman | first4=J. | last5=Bakos | first5=G. Á. | last6=Schmitt | first6=A. R. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=784 | issue=1 | pages=28–41 | year=2014 | arxiv=1401.1210 | bibcode=2014ApJ...784...28K | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/28 }}</ref> | <ref name="Kipping2014">{{cite journal | title=The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK). IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M Dwarfs | last1=Kipping | first1=D. M. | last2=Nesvorný | first2=D. | last3=Buchhave | first3=L. A. | last4=Hartman | first4=J. | last5=Bakos | first5=G. Á. | last6=Schmitt | first6=A. R. | display-authors=1 | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=784 | issue=1 | pages=28–41 | year=2014 | arxiv=1401.1210 | bibcode=2014ApJ...784...28K | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/28 | s2cid=119305398 }}</ref> | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| {{Commons category|Kepler Mission}} | |||
| * . | * . | ||
| * . | * . | ||
| * at ]. | * at ]. | ||
| <!---Needs: find exoplanet name in table | <!---Needs: find exoplanet name in table | ||
| * at ]. | * at ]. | ||
| ---> | ---> | ||
| * at ]. | * at ]. | ||
| * at ]. | * at ]. | ||
| {{s-start}} | |||
| {{s-bef|before=]}} | |||
| {{s-ttl|title=]|years=2015–present}} | |||
| {{s-aft|after=none}} | |||
| {{s-end}} | |||
| {{2015 in space}} | {{2015 in space}} | ||
| {{Exoplanets}} | {{Exoplanets}} | ||
| {{Astrobiology}} | {{Astrobiology}} | ||
| {{Extraterrestrial life}} | {{Extraterrestrial life}} | ||
| {{Portal bar|Astronomy|Biology}} | |||
| {{2015 in space}} | |||
| {{portal bar|Astrobiology|Astronomy}} | |||
| {{Sky|18|46|35.000|+|41|57|03.93}} | {{Sky|18|46|35.000|+|41|57|03.93}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 02:23, 17 September 2024
Super-Earth orbiting Kepler-438
 Approximate size comparison of Kepler-438b (right) with Earth | |
| Discovery | |
|---|---|
| Discovered by | Kepler spacecraft |
| Discovery date | 2015 |
| Detection method | Transit |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Semi-major axis | 0.16600 AU (24,833,000 km) |
| Eccentricity | 0.03+0.01 −0.03 |
| Orbital period (sidereal) | 35.23319 d |
| Inclination | 89.860 |
| Star | Kepler-438 |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Mean radius | 1.12 (± 0.16) R🜨 |
| Temperature | 276 K (3 °C; 37 °F) |
Kepler-438b (also known by its Kepler Object of Interest designation KOI-3284.01) is a confirmed near-Earth-sized exoplanet. It is likely rocky. It orbits on the inner edge of the habitable zone of a red dwarf, Kepler-438, about 460.2 light-years from Earth in the constellation Lyra. It receives 1.4 times our solar flux. The planet was discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. NASA announced the confirmation of the exoplanet on 6 January 2015.
Characteristics
Mass, radius and temperature
Kepler-438b is an Earth-sized planet, an exoplanet that has a mass and radius close to that of Earth. It has a radius of 1.12 R🜨, and an unknown mass. It has an equilibrium temperature of 276 K (3 °C; 37 °F), close to that of Earth.
Host star
The planet orbits a (M-type) red dwarf star named Kepler-438. The star has a mass of 0.54 M☉ and a radius of 0.52 R☉, both lower than those of the Sun by almost half. It has a surface temperature of 3748 K and is estimated to be about 4.4 billion years old, only 200 million years younger than the Sun and the Sun has a surface temperature of 5778 K.
The star's apparent magnitude, or how bright it appears from Earth's perspective, is 14.467. Therefore, it is too dim to be seen with the naked eye.
Orbit and possible moons
Kepler-438b orbits its parent star once every 35 days and 5 hrs It is likely tidally locked due to its close distance to its star. A search for exomoons by the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler project around Kepler-438b placed a maximum mass of a hypothetical moon at 29% that of the planet.
Habitability
See also: Habitability of red dwarf systemsThe planet was announced as orbiting within the habitable zone of Kepler-438, a region where liquid water could exist on the surface of the planet. However it has been found that this planet is subjected to powerful radiation activity from its parent star every 100 days, much more violent storms than the stellar flares emitted by the Sun and which would be capable of sterilizing life on Earth.
Researchers at the University of Warwick say that Kepler-438b is not habitable due to the large amount of radiation it receives. The question of what makes a planet habitable is much more complex than having a planet located at the right distance from its host star so that water can be liquid on its surface: various geophysical and geodynamical aspects, the radiation, and the host star's plasma environment can influence the evolution of planets and life, if it originated. The planet is more likely to resemble a larger and cooler version of Venus.
Discovery and follow-up studies
In 2009, NASA's Kepler spacecraft was completing observing stars on its photometer, the instrument it uses to detect transit events, in which a planet crosses in front of and dims its host star for a brief and roughly regular period of time. In this last test, Kepler observed 50000 stars in the Kepler Input Catalog, including Kepler-62; the preliminary light curves were sent to the Kepler science team for analysis, who chose obvious planetary companions from the bunch for follow-up at observatories. Observations for the potential exoplanet candidates took place between 13 May 2009 and 17 March 2012. After observing the respective transits, which for Kepler-438b occurred roughly every 35 days (its orbital period), it was eventually concluded that a planetary body was responsible for the periodic 35-day transits. The discovery, along with the planetary systems of the stars Kepler-442, Kepler-440 and Kepler-443 were announced on January 6, 2015.
At nearly 460 light-years (140 pc) distant, Kepler-438b is too far from Earth for either current telescopes, or even the next generation of planned telescopes, to accurately determine its mass or whether it has an atmosphere. The Kepler spacecraft can only focus on a small, fixed region of the sky, but the next generation of planet-hunting space telescopes, such as TESS and CHEOPS, will have more flexibility. Exoplanetary systems, with stars less distant than Kepler 438, can then be studied in tandem with the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope and ground-based observatories like the future Square Kilometer Array.
| Notable Exoplanets – Kepler Space Telescope |
|---|
Confirmed small exoplanets in habitable zones.(Kepler-62e, Kepler-62f, Kepler-186f, Kepler-296e, Kepler-296f, Kepler-438b, Kepler-440b, Kepler-442b) (Kepler Space Telescope; 6 January 2015). |
See also
References
- ^ Clavin, Whitney; Chou, Felicia; Johnson, Michele (6 January 2015). "NASA's Kepler Marks 1,000th Exoplanet Discovery, Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones". NASA. Retrieved 6 January 2015.
- ^ Sample, Ian (7 January 2015). "Kepler 438b: Most Earth-like planet ever discovered could be home for alien life". The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2015.
- ^ Torres, Guillermo; Kipping, David M.; Fressin, Francois; Caldwell, Douglas A.; Twicken, Joseph D.; Ballard, Sarah; Batalha, Natalie M.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Ciardi, David R.; Henze, Christopher E.; Howell, Steve B.; Isaacson, Howard T.; Jenkins, Jon M.; Muirhead, Philip S.; Newton, Elisabeth R.; Petigura, Erik A.; Barclay, Thomas; Borucki, William J.; Crepp, Justin R.; Everett, Mark E.; Horch, Elliott P.; Howard, Andrew W.; Kolbl, Rea; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; McCauliff, Sean; Quintana, Elisa V. (2015). "Validation of Twelve Small Kepler Transiting Planets in the Habitable Zone". The Astrophysical Journal. 800 (2): 99. arXiv:1501.01101. Bibcode:2015ApJ...800...99T. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/99. S2CID 8512655.
- Staff (2015). "Planet Kepler-438 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- Northon, Karen (19 March 2015). "NASA's Kepler Uncovers More Small Worlds in Habitable Zones". NASA. Retrieved 29 December 2022.
- Gilster, Paul (6 January 2015). "AAS: 8 New Planets in Habitable Zone". Centauri-dreams.org. Retrieved 9 January 2015.
- Fraser Cain (16 September 2008). "How Old is the Sun?". Universe Today. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- Fraser Cain (15 September 2008). "Temperature of the Sun". Universe Today. Retrieved 19 February 2011.
- "Kepler-438b: Astronomers Find Most Earth-Like Exoplanet Yet". Sci News. 8 January 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- Kipping, D. M.; et al. (2014). "The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK). IV. A Search for Moons around Eight M Dwarfs". The Astrophysical Journal. 784 (1): 28–41. arXiv:1401.1210. Bibcode:2014ApJ...784...28K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/28. S2CID 119305398.
- Perkins, Sid (2015). "Earth-like planet may be not so hospitable after all, thanks to blasts of radiation". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aad7455. ISSN 0036-8075.
- 'Earth-like' Exoplanet Likely Not Habitable
- Lammer, H.; Bredehöft, J. H.; Coustenis, A.; Khodachenko, M. L.; et al. (2009). "What makes a planet habitable?" (PDF). The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review. 17 (2): 181–249. Bibcode:2009A&ARv..17..181L. doi:10.1007/s00159-009-0019-z. S2CID 123220355. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 June 2016. Retrieved 3 May 2016.
- Siemion, Andrew P.V.; Demorest, Paul; Korpela, Eric; Maddalena, Ron J.; Werthimer, Dan; Cobb, Jeff; Langston, Glen; Lebofsky, Matt; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Tarter, Jill (3 February 2013). "A 1.1 to 1.9 GHz SETI Survey of the Kepler Field: I. A Search for Narrow-band Emission from Select Targets". Astrophysical Journal. 767 (1): 94. arXiv:1302.0845. Bibcode:2013ApJ...767...94S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/94. S2CID 119302350.
External links
- NASA – Mission overview.
- NASA – Kepler Discoveries – Summary Table.
- NASA – Kepler-438b at The NASA Exoplanet Archive.
- NASA – Kepler-438b at The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia.
- Habitable Exolanets Catalog at UPR-Arecibo.
| 2015 in space | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Space probe launches  |
|    | ||||
| Impact events | ||||||
| Selected NEOs | ||||||
| Exoplanets |
| |||||
| Discoveries |
| |||||
| Comets | ||||||
| Space exploration | ||||||
| Astrobiology | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disciplines | |||||||||||||||
| Main topics |
| ||||||||||||||
| Planetary habitability |
| ||||||||||||||
| Space missions |
| ||||||||||||||
| Institutions and programs |
| ||||||||||||||
| Extraterrestrial life | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Events and objects |
| ||||||
| Signals of interest |
| ||||||
| Life in the Universe | |||||||
| Planetary habitability |
| ||||||
| Space missions |
| ||||||
| Interstellar communication |
| ||||||
| Types of alleged extraterrestrial beings | |||||||
| Hypotheses | |||||||
| Fermi paradox solutions | |||||||
| Related topics |
| ||||||
