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| settlement_type = Village | settlement_type = Village
| total_type =   | total_type =  
| image_skyline =Poland Słońsk.jpg | image_skyline = Słońsk kosciół.jpg
| image_caption = Our Lady of Częstochowa church in Słońsk
| image_caption =Ruins of the local castle of the ]
| image_flag = | image_flag =
| image_shield =POL Słońsk COA.svg | image_shield = POL Słońsk COA.svg
| image_map = | image_map =
⚫ | subdivision_type = ]
| coordinates_region = PL
⚫ | subdivision_name = {{POL}}
⚫ | subdivision_type = ]
⚫ | subdivision_name = {{flag icon|Poland}} ]
| subdivision_type1 = ] | subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = ] | subdivision_name1 = ]
Line 17: Line 16:
| subdivision_type3 = ] | subdivision_type3 = ]
| subdivision_name3 = ] | subdivision_name3 = ]
| established_title2 = First mentioned
| latd = 52
| established_date2 = 1295
| latm = 33
⚫ | coordinates = {{coord|52|33|46|N|14|48|22|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| lats = 46
| latNS = N
| longd = 14
| longm = 48
| longs = 22
| longEW = E
| pushpin_map = Poland | pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_label_position = right
| timezone = ]
⚫ | elevation_m =
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| registration_plate = FSU
⚫ | elevation_m =
| population_total = 3000 | population_total = 3000
| website = http://www.slonsk.pl/ }} | website = http://www.slonsk.pl/
}}
⚫ '''Słońsk''' ({{IPA|pl|swɔɲsk|pron}}) is a ] in ] of the ], in western ]. It is located {{convert|12|km}} east of the border crossing with Germany along national road DK22. The village lies about 25 kilometres (or 16 miles) northwest of ] and {{convert|36|km|mi}} southwest of ].


The village borders Poland's ] stretching to the north. Słońsk had ] from 1808 to 1947, consequence of a small population size. During the ], Słońsk (Sonnenburg) was the site of a ], now a museum.
'''Słońsk''' {{IPAc-pl|s|ł|o|ń|s|k}} ({{lang-de|Sonnenburg}}) is a ] in ] of the ], in western ].

⚫ The village borders the ]. It had ] from 1808 to 1947. During the ], Słońsk was the site of a former ] (now a museum). The village lies about 25 kilometres (or 16 miles) northwest of ] and {{convert|36|km|mi}} southwest of ].


==History== ==History==
===Middle Ages===
⚫ Present-day Słońsk was founded in territory, formerly part of the ], acquired by the German ] during the High Middle Ages. The ] inhabitants of the region were gradually Germanicized in the centuries that followed.
]
⚫ Present-day Słońsk was founded within the historic ], which formed part of the ] since the establishment of the state in the 10th century until the mid-13th century, when it was acquired by the German ]. Most ] ] inhabitants of the region were gradually ] in the centuries that followed.


Then known as ''Sonnenburg'', the settlement first appears in documents in 1295. The ] held lands and buildings in the town. In 1312, the ] and the ] were joint overlords of Sonnenburg. Henning and Arnold von Uechtenhagen later received Sonnenberg as a ] and built the first castle there in 1341. From the 15th century, the town maintained a close connection with the ], who had purchased it from ]. The castle became the seat of the ] of the Order, which greatly enlarged the town, building a new church (between 1474 and 1522), a new castle (between 1545 and 1564), and a model hospital (in the 19th century). Then known as ''Sonnenburg'', the settlement first appears in documents in 1295. The ] held lands and buildings in the town. From 1312, the ] and the ] were joint overlords of Sonnenburg. Henning and Arnold von Uechtenhagen later received Sonnenberg as a ] and built the first castle there in 1341. From 1373 to 1415 it was part of the ]. From the 15th century, the town maintained a close connection with the ], who had purchased it from ]. The castle became the seat of the ] of the Order, which greatly enlarged the town, building a new church (between 1474 and 1522), a new castle (between 1545 and 1564), and a model hospital (in the 19th century).


===Modern era===
A severe prison was built in the town in 1832. It held such Polish fighters for independence as ] and Bronisław Dąbrowski (the son of General ]). During ], defenders of the ] citadel were held in the prison after capture, and in 1944 some of the former fighters in the ] were incarcerated there.
⚫ ]
From the 18th century the town formed part of ], and from 1871 to 1945 it also formed part of Germany. A severe prison was built in the town in 1832. It held such Polish fighters for independence as ] and Bronisław Dąbrowski (the son of General ]).<ref name="History of Słońsk"/>


⚫ {{main|Sonnenburg concentration camp}}
== Concentration camp ==
⚫ {{main|Sonnenburg concentration camp}}
⚫ ]]]
⚫ In 1933, German authorities created Sonnenburg ], in which such anti-] activists as ] and ] were held.<ref>Jean-Michel Palmier, ''Weimar in exile: the antifascist emigration in Europe and America'', Verso, 2006
ISBN 1-84467-068-6, p. 41. </ref>


⚫ In 1933, German authorities converted the prison into the ], in which such anti-] activists as ] and ] were held.<ref>Jean-Michel Palmier, ''Weimar in exile: the antifascist emigration in Europe and America'', Verso, 2006
⚫ Before withdrawal, during the night of 30–31 January 1945, the ] executed 819 political prisoners from many European countries at Sonnenburg.<ref name="History of Słońsk"></ref><ref>Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ], Wrasaw, 1994, p. 273 </ref>
{{ISBN|1-84467-068-6}}, p. 41. </ref> During ], Polish defenders of the ] citadel were held in the prison after capture during the ] in 1939, and in 1944 some of the former fighters in the ] were incarcerated there.<ref name="History of Słońsk"/> During the war also ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], the ], ], ] and ] were held in the camp.<ref name="History of Słońsk"/><ref name=dz>{{cite web|url=https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/slonsk-73-rocznica-zaglady-wiezniow-niemieckiego-obozu-sonnenburg|title=Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg|website=dzieje.pl|accessdate=10 September 2020|language=Polish}}</ref>


⚫ Before withdrawal, during the night of 30–31 January 1945, the ] executed 819 political prisoners from many European countries at Sonnenburg.<ref name="History of Słońsk"></ref><ref>Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu ], Wrasaw, 1994, p. 273 </ref>
⚫ == After World War II ==
⚫ Sonnenburg was captured by the ] ] in the spring of 1945, as the Second World War in Europe drew to its close. The post-war ] later that year severed Sonnenburg from Germany and awarded it to ], which renamed it "Słońsk". Most of the former inhabitants were expelled, as occurred throughout the former German territories, and replaced by ] expelled from the former Polish '']'' (taken by the Soviet Union) and by settlers from central Poland.


⚫ ===After World War II===
In 1947 Słońsk lost its town rights and reverted to the status of a village.<ref name="History of Słońsk"/>
]
⚫ Sonnenburg (Słońsk) was captured by the Soviet ] in the spring of 1945 as the Second World War in Europe drew to a close. During the ] held from 17 July to 2 August 1945 Sonnenburg along with the rest of the ] was awarded to postwar ], and renamed legally as Słońsk. Most of the German inhabitants fled ahead of the front or were expelled soon thereafter, as occurred throughout the former eastern territories of Nazi Germany. The town was repopulated with the ] expelled by the Soviet Union from the formerly Polish territories of '']'', and by settlers from central Poland. In 1947 Słońsk lost its town rights and was given the status of a village due to small population size.<ref name="History of Słońsk"/>


A museum dedicated to the victims of the Nazi German concentration camp was founded in 1974.<ref name="History of Słońsk"/> In 2015, an official commemoration ceremony of the victims of the camp, among which were 91 Luxembourgers, was attended by the highest representatives of ], Grand Duke ] and Prime Minister ].<ref name=dz/>
== Photo gallery ==
<gallery>
Image:Sonnenburg.jpg|''Sonnenburg'', etching by ] the Younger
Image:Poland Słońsk street.JPG|One of the city's streets
</gallery>


== Literature == ==Sports==
The local ] club is Warta Słońsk.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://wartaslonsk.futbolowo.pl|title=Warta Słońsk|accessdate=10 September 2020|language=Polish}}</ref> It competes in the lower leagues.
* Paul von Niessen: ''Die Johanniterordensballei Sonnenburg und Markgraf Johann von Brandenburg''. (=Schriften des Vereins für Geschichte der Neumark. 29/30). Landsberg/Warthe 1913.


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist}}
<references/>


<br>
{{Gmina Słońsk}} {{Gmina Słońsk}}
⚫ {{coord|52|33|46|N|14|48|22|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}


{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Slonsk}}
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 07:34, 10 October 2024

Village in Lubusz Voivodeship, Poland
Słońsk
Village
Our Lady of Częstochowa church in SłońskOur Lady of Częstochowa church in Słońsk
Coat of arms of SłońskCoat of arms
Słońsk is located in PolandSłońskSłońsk
Coordinates: 52°33′46″N 14°48′22″E / 52.56278°N 14.80611°E / 52.56278; 14.80611
Country Poland
VoivodeshipLubusz
CountySulęcin
GminaSłońsk
First mentioned1295
Population3,000
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Vehicle registrationFSU
Websitehttp://www.slonsk.pl/

Słońsk (pronounced [swɔɲsk]) is a village in Sulęcin County of the Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It is located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) east of the border crossing with Germany along national road DK22. The village lies about 25 kilometres (or 16 miles) northwest of Sulęcin and 36 kilometres (22 mi) southwest of Gorzów Wielkopolski.

The village borders Poland's Ujście Warty National Park stretching to the north. Słońsk had town privileges from 1808 to 1947, consequence of a small population size. During the Second World War, Słońsk (Sonnenburg) was the site of a Nazi concentration camp, now a museum.

History

Middle Ages

Słońsk castle before destruction

Present-day Słońsk was founded within the historic Lubusz Land, which formed part of the Kingdom of Poland since the establishment of the state in the 10th century until the mid-13th century, when it was acquired by the German Margraviate of Brandenburg. Most Slavic Polish inhabitants of the region were gradually Germanicized in the centuries that followed.

Then known as Sonnenburg, the settlement first appears in documents in 1295. The Knights Templar held lands and buildings in the town. From 1312, the Margrave of Brandenburg and the Bishop of Lebus were joint overlords of Sonnenburg. Henning and Arnold von Uechtenhagen later received Sonnenberg as a fief and built the first castle there in 1341. From 1373 to 1415 it was part of the Bohemian (Czech) Crown. From the 15th century, the town maintained a close connection with the Order of Saint John (the Knights Hospitaller), who had purchased it from Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg. The castle became the seat of the Bailiwick of Brandenburg of the Order, which greatly enlarged the town, building a new church (between 1474 and 1522), a new castle (between 1545 and 1564), and a model hospital (in the 19th century).

Modern era

Victims of the Sonnenburg concentration camp found in 1945 by the Soviets

From the 18th century the town formed part of Prussia, and from 1871 to 1945 it also formed part of Germany. A severe prison was built in the town in 1832. It held such Polish fighters for independence as Karol Libelt and Bronisław Dąbrowski (the son of General Jan Henryk Dąbrowski).

Main article: Sonnenburg concentration camp

In 1933, German authorities converted the prison into the Sonnenburg concentration camp, in which such anti-Nazi activists as Carl von Ossietzky and Hans Litten were held. During World War II, Polish defenders of the Poznań citadel were held in the prison after capture during the invasion of Poland in 1939, and in 1944 some of the former fighters in the Warsaw Uprising were incarcerated there. During the war also Frenchmen, Luxembourgers, Dutchmen, Danes, Norwegians, Belgians, Czechs, Yugoslavs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Austrians, the Swiss, Estonians, Russians and Spaniards were held in the camp.

Before withdrawal, during the night of 30–31 January 1945, the SS executed 819 political prisoners from many European countries at Sonnenburg.

After World War II

Gmina office

Sonnenburg (Słońsk) was captured by the Soviet Red Army in the spring of 1945 as the Second World War in Europe drew to a close. During the Potsdam Conference held from 17 July to 2 August 1945 Sonnenburg along with the rest of the recovered territories was awarded to postwar Poland, and renamed legally as Słońsk. Most of the German inhabitants fled ahead of the front or were expelled soon thereafter, as occurred throughout the former eastern territories of Nazi Germany. The town was repopulated with the Poles expelled by the Soviet Union from the formerly Polish territories of Kresy Wschodnie, and by settlers from central Poland. In 1947 Słońsk lost its town rights and was given the status of a village due to small population size.

A museum dedicated to the victims of the Nazi German concentration camp was founded in 1974. In 2015, an official commemoration ceremony of the victims of the camp, among which were 91 Luxembourgers, was attended by the highest representatives of Luxembourg, Grand Duke Henri and Prime Minister Xavier Bettel.

Sports

The local football club is Warta Słońsk. It competes in the lower leagues.

References

  1. ^ History of Słońsk
  2. Jean-Michel Palmier, Weimar in exile: the antifascist emigration in Europe and America, Verso, 2006 ISBN 1-84467-068-6, p. 41. Google Books
  3. ^ "Słońsk: 73. rocznica zagłady więźniów niemieckiego obozu Sonnenburg". dzieje.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 10 September 2020.
  4. Biuletyn Głównej Komisji Badania Zbrodni Przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej, Wrasaw, 1994, p. 273 Google Books
  5. "Warta Słońsk" (in Polish). Retrieved 10 September 2020.
Gmina Słońsk
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