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| {{Short description|English author (1848–1920)}} | |||
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| == Family == | == Family == | ||
| '''Caroline Alice Roberts''', known as Alice, was born in ], ], India, in 1848. |
'''Caroline Alice Roberts''', known as Alice, was born in ], ], India, in 1848. She was the youngest child (having three elder brothers) and only daughter of Major-General Sir ] ] (1800–1860), and Julia Maria (1815–1887), daughter of Rev. Robert Napier Raikes (1783-1851). Alice's great-grandfather ] (1736–1811) was the founder of the ] movement, and her uncle<ref>Alice's uncle General Robert Napier Raikes had the same name as his father.</ref> was British Indian Army General ] (1813–1909).<ref>''Elgar Studies'', ed. Raymond Monk, Routledge, 2016 (reprint of Ashgate Publishing 1990), p. 87</ref> Her father was serving in India at the time of the ], and he died when Alice was aged only 12. | ||
| ⚫ | As a girl she studied with the amateur geologist ] and they and a group of her friends went ]-hunting on the banks of the river ].<ref name="Powell">Powell, p. 1.</ref> She wrote the index to a book by him. She studied the piano with Ferdinand Kufferath<ref>The soprano Antonia Kufferath (Mrs Edward Speyer) was the daughter of Ferdinand Kufferath, and Elgar dedicated one of his songs '']'' to her</ref> in Brussels and harmony with Charles Harford Lloyd.<ref>Moore, p. 115.</ref> She spoke fluent German, and also Italian, French and Spanish. | ||
| She was from a distinguished family: on her mother's side her grandfather was the Rev. Robert Napier Raikes, her great-grandfather ] (1736–1811) was the founder of the ] movement, and her uncle<ref>Alice's uncle General Robert Napier Raikes had the same name as his father (Alice's grandfather) Rev. Robert Napier Raikes (1783–1851)</ref> was British Indian Army General ] (1813–1909). | |||
| ⚫ | Before she was married her writing was published under the name C. Alice Roberts. A two-volume novel, ''Marchcroft Manor'', was published in 1882, four years before she met Elgar. The Elgar scholar ] describes it as "quite an accomplished, entertaining, indeed touching tale, with a control of pace and situation, and a humour that might well surprise anyone knowing Alice only from her later verses, letters and diary". McVeagh also notes that earlier critics have drawn attention to the "tincture of radicalism" in the book.<ref>McVeagh, Diana, "Mrs Edward Elgar", ''The Musical Times'', February 1984, pp. 76–78.</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | As a girl she studied with the amateur geologist ] and they and a group of her friends went ]-hunting on the banks of the river ].<ref name="Powell">Powell, p.1</ref> She wrote the index to a book by him. She studied the piano with Ferdinand Kufferath<ref>The soprano Antonia Kufferath (Mrs Edward Speyer) was the daughter of Ferdinand Kufferath, and Elgar dedicated one of his songs '']'' to her</ref> in Brussels and harmony with Charles Harford Lloyd.<ref>Moore, p.115</ref> She spoke fluent German, and also Italian, French and Spanish. | ||
| ⚫ | Before she was married her writing was published under the name C. Alice Roberts. A two-volume novel, ''Marchcroft Manor'', was published in 1882, four years before she met Elgar. The Elgar scholar Diana McVeagh describes it as "quite an accomplished, entertaining, indeed touching tale, with a control of pace and situation, and a humour that might well surprise anyone knowing Alice only from her later verses, letters and diary". McVeagh also notes that earlier critics have drawn attention to the "tincture of radicalism" in the book.<ref>McVeagh, Diana, "Mrs Edward Elgar", ''The Musical Times'', February 1984, pp. 76–78</ref> | ||
| == Marriage == | == Marriage == | ||
| In 1886 Alice Roberts' brothers had left to join the army and she was living with her elderly widowed mother at Hazeldine House at ] in Worcestershire (now in Gloucestershire). That autumn she took up piano accompaniment lessons from ], who was violin teacher at Worcester High School. When her mother died the next year she went abroad for a while before returning to settle down at a house in ] called Ripple Lodge, and continued with her accompaniment lessons.<ref name="Powell" /> She became engaged to her young teacher, much to the disapproval of her strongly ] family, who not only considered her fiancé a poor tradesman of a lower social class, but noted that he was eight years her junior and a devout Roman Catholic. | In 1886 Alice Roberts' brothers had left to join the army and she was living with her elderly widowed mother at Hazeldine House at ] in ] (now in ]). That autumn she took up piano accompaniment lessons from ], who was violin teacher at Worcester High School. When her mother died the next year she went abroad for a while before returning to settle down at a house in ] called Ripple Lodge, and continued with her accompaniment lessons.<ref name="Powell" /> She became engaged to her young teacher, much to the disapproval of her strongly ] family, who not only considered her fiancé a poor tradesman of a lower social class, but also noted that he was eight years her junior and a devout Roman Catholic. | ||
| Alice Roberts and Edward Elgar were married on 8 May 1889 in a shortened Catholic ceremony at ].<ref>Kennedy, p. 24</ref> They gave each other engagement presents: he presented her with a short piece for violin and piano called '']'', and she gave him one of her poems '']''. Of Alice's family only her cousin William Raikes and his wife Veronica attended, while on her husband's side there were only his parents and his musical friend Dr. Charles Buck. The ] was at the nearby house of a friend of Alice's, Mrs. Marshall – Elgar later dedicated ] to her daughter "Miss Marshall".<ref>Young, ''Alice Elgar'', p. 100</ref> | Alice Roberts and Edward Elgar were married on 8 May 1889 in a shortened Catholic ceremony at ].<ref>Kennedy, p. 24.</ref> They gave each other engagement presents: he presented her with a short piece for violin and piano called '']'', and she gave him one of her poems '']''. Of Alice's family only her cousin William Raikes and his wife Veronica attended, while on her husband's side there were only his parents and his musical friend Dr. Charles Buck. The ] was at the nearby house of a friend of Alice's, Mrs. Marshall – Elgar later dedicated "]" to her daughter "Miss Marshall".<ref>Young, ''Alice Elgar'', p. 100.</ref> | ||
| The Elgars spent a three-week honeymoon at ] on the Isle of Wight, then returned to London to be closer to the centre of British musical life. But they had no settled home for over a year: they went first to 3 Marloes Road, ]; then on 29 July they went back to her spacious house 'Saetermo' in ] when the lease ran out; then in October to the Raikes cousins' home (lent to them for the winter 1890–91) 'Oaklands', Fountain Road, ] with the advantage of being near the ] |
The Elgars spent a three-week honeymoon at ] on the ], then returned to London to be closer to the centre of British musical life. But they had no settled home for over a year: they went first to 3 Marloes Road, ]; then on 29 July they went back to her spacious house 'Saetermo' in ] when the lease ran out; then in October to the Raikes cousins' home (lent to them for the winter 1890–91) 'Oaklands', Fountain Road, ] with the advantage of being near the ] which Edward attended whenever he could. They then moved to a terraced house at 51 Avonmore Road, Kensington<ref>Kennedy, p. 26.</ref> where their only child, Carice<ref>'Carice' was compounded from her mother's names 'Caroline' and 'Alice'</ref> Irene was born on 14 August 1890. However the lack of work for Edward forced them to leave, and they returned to ], renting a house 'Forli' in Alexandra Road, where it was hoped he could earn a living teaching and conducting local musical ensembles.<ref>Kennedy, p. 31.</ref> | ||
| == Influence == | == Influence == | ||
| ⚫ | ], ]]] | ||
| Alice's faith in her husband and her courage in marrying 'beneath her class' were strongly supportive to his career. She dealt with his mood swings and was a generous musical critic. She was also his business manager, social secretary, and not least set out and ruled score paper for his orchestral works. | |||
| She did her best to gain him the attention of influential society, though with limited success. The honours accepted reluctantly by her husband mattered more to her and her social class. She also gave up some of her personal aspirations to further his career. In her diary she later admitted, "The care of a genius is enough of a life work for any woman."<ref>Kennedy, p.115</ref> | She did her best to gain him the attention of influential society, though with limited success. The honours accepted reluctantly by her husband mattered more to her and her social class. She also gave up some of her personal aspirations to further his career. In her diary she later admitted, "The care of a genius is enough of a life work for any woman."<ref>Kennedy, p. 115.</ref> | ||
| When her husband received his knighthood in 1904, she became Lady Elgar. | When her husband received his knighthood in 1904, she became Lady Elgar. | ||
| At the beginning of |
At the beginning of ], for a short while, Lady Elgar taught French to a group of private soldiers at ].<ref name="Young, p. 175.">Young, p. 175.</ref> | ||
| By January 1920, friends had noticed that she had lost her normal vitality and had not been out of the house since November.<ref>Reed, pp.66–7</ref> She attended a performance of Elgar's Second Symphony on 16 March, and the next day went to a Harley Street doctor, but stayed at home when Elgar travelled to a concert in Leeds. The last concert she attended was a performance of some of Elgar's chamber music in London. | By January 1920, friends had noticed that she had lost her normal vitality and had not been out of the house since November.<ref>Reed, pp. 66–7.</ref> She attended a performance of Elgar's Second Symphony on 16 March, and the next day went to a Harley Street doctor, but stayed at home when Elgar travelled to a concert in Leeds. The last concert she attended was a performance of some of Elgar's chamber music in London. | ||
| ⚫ | She died of ], aged 71, on 7 April, in their home Severn House at 42 ] in ].<ref>Moore, pp. 750–1.</ref> Her funeral was held at ] in ] three days later. Edward was supported by their daughter Carice. Among the mourners was Alice's brother Napier Roberts. There were Elgar's friends ], ] and Dr. Charles Buck. Sir ] arrived but could only speak to Reed before walking away in tears.<ref>Reed, p. 67.</ref> In the gallery of the church the slow movement from Elgar's ] was played by Reed, ], ] and ].<ref>Moore, p. 754.</ref> | ||
| ⚫ | ] | ||
| ⚫ | She died of lung cancer on 7 April, in their home Severn House at 42 Netherhall Gardens in ].<ref>Moore, pp.750–1</ref> Her funeral was held at St Wulstan's Roman Catholic Church in ] three days later. Edward was supported by their daughter Carice. Among the mourners was Alice's brother Napier Roberts. There were Elgar's friends ], ] and Dr. Charles Buck. Sir ] arrived but could only speak to Reed before walking away in tears.<ref>Reed, p.67</ref> In the gallery of the church the slow movement from Elgar's ] was played by Reed, ], ] and ].<ref>Moore, p.754</ref> | ||
| == Legacy == | == Legacy == | ||
| Alice's letters and the diary she kept during the years of her marriage between 1889 and 1920 are a |
Alice's letters and the diary she kept during the years of her marriage between 1889 and 1920 are a valuable record of the lives of her and her family.{{cn|date=May 2024}} | ||
| == Her daughter == | == Her daughter == | ||
| At the beginning of World War I, Carice Elgar trained in ], then from 1915 did translation work for the Government Censorship Department.<ref name="Young, p. 175"/> | At the beginning of World War I, Carice Elgar trained in ], then from 1915 did translation work for the Government Censorship Department.<ref name="Young, p. 175."/> | ||
| The month before Alice died, Carice returned home from a holiday in ], having met there a Surrey farmer older than she was named Samuel Blake. Her mother sensed a secret, but Carice did not tell her.<ref>Moore, p.751</ref> A year later, with her father's consent, they became engaged.<ref>Moore, p.758</ref> They were married in January 1922 and she took the name Carice Elgar Blake.<ref>Kennedy, p.247</ref> They had no children. | The month before Alice died, Carice returned home from a holiday in ], having met there a Surrey farmer older than she was named Samuel Blake. Her mother sensed a secret, but Carice did not tell her.<ref>Moore, p.751.</ref> A year later, with her father's consent, they became engaged.<ref>Moore, p. 758.</ref> They were married in January 1922 and she took the name Carice Elgar Blake.<ref>Kennedy, p. 247.</ref> They had no children. | ||
| After her mother died Carice devoted herself to supporting her father. After the death of her father in 1934 she played a part in the formation of the ]. Samuel Blake died in 1939, and Carice died in Bristol on 16 July 1970. Her funeral was at St. Wulstan's Church in Little Malvern, where her parents were buried, and there was a memorial service for her at Farm Street Church in Mount Street, London W1 on 30 July.<ref>''The Times'' obituary and deaths, 17 July 1970</ref> | After her mother died Carice devoted herself to supporting her father. After the death of her father in 1934 she played a part in the formation of the ]. Samuel Blake died in 1939, and Carice died in ] on 16 July 1970 aged 79. Her funeral was at St. Wulstan's Church in Little Malvern, where her parents were buried, and there was a memorial service for her at ] in Mount Street, London W1 on 30 July.<ref>''The Times'' obituary and deaths, 17 July 1970</ref> | ||
| == Works == | == Works == | ||
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| === Lyrics === | === Lyrics === | ||
| Poems by Alice set to music by Elgar: | Poems by Alice set to music by Elgar: | ||
| * ''"]"'', song (1888), poem written in 1880<ref name="Moore, p.125">Moore, p.125</ref> | * ''"]"'', song (1888), poem written in 1880<ref name="Moore, p. 125.">Moore, p. 125.</ref> | ||
| * ''"Afar, amidst the sunny Isles"'', alternate poem by Alice to fit the music of ''"]"'', when ] refused permission for his poem to be used: but Lang later changed his mind and Alice's words were not used<ref>Young, ''Alice Elgar'', p.102</ref> | * ''"Afar, amidst the sunny Isles"'', alternate poem by Alice to fit the music of ''"]"'', when ] refused permission for his poem to be used: but Lang later changed his mind and Alice's words were not used<ref>Young, ''Alice Elgar'', p. 102.</ref> | ||
| * ''"Im Norden, wo mein Lieb gewohnt"'', German words to ''"My Love Dwelt in a Northern Land"''<ref>Porte, p.206</ref> | * ''"Im Norden, wo mein Lieb gewohnt"'', German words to ''"My Love Dwelt in a Northern Land"''<ref>Porte, p. 206.</ref> | ||
| * ''"]"'', part-song SATB, Op.18 No.1 (1890) | * ''"]"'', part-song SATB, Op.18 No.1 (1890) | ||
| * ''"A spear, a sword"'', unpublished song (1892)<ref>Kennedy, p. 281.</ref> | * ''"A spear, a sword"'', unpublished song (1892)<ref>Kennedy, p. 281.</ref> | ||
| * ''"Mill-wheel Songs"'', two unpublished songs (1892)<ref>Moore, p.168</ref> | * ''"Mill-wheel Songs"'', two unpublished songs (1892)<ref>Moore, p. 168.</ref> | ||
| ** 1. ''"Winter"''; 2. ''"May (a rhapsody)"'' | ** 1. ''"Winter"''; 2. ''"May (a rhapsody)"'' | ||
| * ''"]"'', part-song SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, Op. 26 No.1 (1894). ''Winter'' from her poem ''Isabel Trevithoe''.<ref>Moore, p. 181</ref> | * ''"]"'', part-song SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, Op. 26 No.1 (1894). ''Winter'' from her poem ''Isabel Trevithoe''.<ref>Moore, p. 181.</ref> | ||
| * ''"]"'', part-song SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, Op. 26 No.2 (1894). ''Spring'' from her poem ''Isabel Trevithoe''.<ref>Moore, p. 182</ref> | * ''"]"'', part-song SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, Op. 26 No.2 (1894). ''Spring'' from her poem ''Isabel Trevithoe''.<ref>Moore, p. 182.</ref> | ||
| * '']'', six choral songs SATB and orchestra, Op. 27 (1896). Alice also gave the songs their German subtitles. | * '']'', six choral songs SATB and orchestra, Op. 27 (1896). Alice also gave the songs their German subtitles. | ||
| ** 1. ''"The Dance (Sonnenbichl)"''; 2. ''"False Love (Wamberg)"''; 3. ''"Lullaby (In ])"''; 4. ''"Aspiration (Bei Sankt Anton)"''; 5. ''"On the Alm 'True Love' (Hoch Alp)"''; 6. ''"The Marksmen (Bei ])"'' | ** 1. ''"The Dance (Sonnenbichl)"''; 2. ''"False Love (Wamberg)"''; 3. ''"Lullaby (In ])"''; 4. ''"Aspiration (Bei Sankt Anton)"''; 5. ''"On the Alm 'True Love' (Hoch Alp)"''; 6. ''"The Marksmen (Bei ])"'' | ||
| * ''"]"'', song, (1898). Later in '']'', Op. 37 as ] (Capri) | * ''"]"'', song, (1898). Later in '']'', Op. 37 as ] (Capri) | ||
| * ''"A Christmas Greeting"'', carol for 2 sopranos, male chorus ''ad lib'', 2 violins and piano, Op. 52, (1907) | * ''"A Christmas Greeting"'', carol for 2 sopranos, male chorus ''ad lib'', 2 violins and piano, Op. 52, (1907) | ||
| * ''"]"'', song (1910) | * ''"]"'', song (1910) | ||
| === Fiction === | === Fiction === | ||
| * ''Isabel Trevithoe'', a poem by C. A. R., (The Charing Cross Publishing Co., 1879) | * ''Isabel Trevithoe'', a poem by C. A. R., (The Charing Cross Publishing Co., 1879) | ||
| * ''Marchcroft Manor'', a novel (2 vols.), (Remington & Co., New Bond St., London, 1882)<ref name="Moore, p.125"/><ref>Mc Veagh, ''Mrs. Edward Elgar''</ref> | * ''Marchcroft Manor'', a novel (2 vols.), (Remington & Co., New Bond St., London, 1882)<ref name="Moore, p. 125." /><ref>Mc Veagh, ''Mrs. Edward Elgar''</ref> | ||
| * Stories in the magazine '']''<ref>Young, ''Elgar O.M.'', p.59</ref><ref>''Home Chimes'' was published 1884–1894 by Richard Willoughby, London, price 1/-. It was a (first weekly, then monthly) miscellany, mostly fiction by little-known authors. It serialised ]'s |
* Stories in the magazine '']''<ref>Young, ''Elgar O.M.'', p. 59.</ref><ref>''Home Chimes'' was published 1884–1894 by Richard Willoughby, London, price 1/-. It was a (first weekly, then monthly) miscellany, mostly fiction by little-known authors. It serialised ]'s '']'', 1888–1889, and published "Man Size in Marble" by ]. See </ref> | ||
| * ''Dear little ship, go forth'', a poem, dedicated "To Carice"<ref>Moore ''Elgar: A Life in Photographs'', p.51</ref> | * ''Dear little ship, go forth'', a poem, dedicated "To Carice"<ref>Moore ''Elgar: A Life in Photographs'', p. 51.</ref> | ||
| === Other === | === Other === | ||
| * Index to ''Records of the Rocks'' by ] (1872)<ref>Young, ''Elgar O.M.'', p.58</ref> | * Index to ''Records of the Rocks'' by ] (1872)<ref>Young, ''Elgar O.M.'', p. 58.</ref> | ||
| * Translation from German of ]'s short story ''Ritter Gluck'', (''London Society, a Monthly Magazine'', May 1895)<ref>Young, ''Elgar O.M.'', p.72</ref> | * Translation from German of ]'s short story ''Ritter Gluck'', (''London Society, a Monthly Magazine'', May 1895)<ref>Young, ''Elgar O.M.'', p. 72.</ref> | ||
| === Dedications === | === Dedications === | ||
| Dedicated by Edward Elgar to Alice | Dedicated by Edward Elgar to Alice | ||
| * ''"]"'', song, Op.16 No.2 (1887) – written on one of the first printed copies was 'Miss Roberts from Edward Elgar, Mar.21 1887'<ref>Moore, p.119</ref> | * ''"]"'', song, Op.16 No.2 (1887) – written on one of the first printed copies was 'Miss Roberts from Edward Elgar, Mar.21 1887'<ref>Moore, p. 119.</ref> | ||
| * ''"]"'' ''(Salut d'Amour)'', violin and piano, Op.12, inscribed ''"à Carice"'' (1888) | * ''"]"'' ''(Salut d'Amour)'', violin and piano, Op.12, inscribed ''"à Carice"'' (1888) | ||
| * ''"Liebesahnung"'', violin and piano, later published as ''"Mot d'Amour"'', Op.13 No.1 (1889) | * ''"Liebesahnung"'', violin and piano, later published as ''"Mot d'Amour"'', Op.13 No.1 (1889) | ||
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| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| *{{cite book | last= |
*{{cite book | last=Kennedy | first= Michael |author-link=Michael Kennedy (music critic) | edition=Third | title=Portrait of Elgar | location=Oxford | publisher=Clarendon Press | year=1987 | isbn=0-19-284017-7 }} | ||
| *McVeagh, Diana (1984). |
*] (1984). 'Mrs. Edward Elgar'. ''The Musical Times'', Vol.125, No.1692 | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Jerrold N. | title=Edward Elgar: a Creative Life | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1984 | isbn=0-19-315447-1}} | *{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Jerrold N. | author-link = Jerrold Northrop Moore | title=Edward Elgar: a Creative Life | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1984 | isbn=0-19-315447-1}} | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Jerrold N. | title=Elgar: A Life in Photographs | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1972 | isbn=0-19-315425-0}} | *{{cite book | last=Moore | first=Jerrold N. | title=Elgar: A Life in Photographs | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1972 | isbn=0-19-315425-0}} | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Porte | first=J. F. | title=Sir Edward Elgar | location=London | publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Turner & Co. Ltd. | year=1921 }} | *{{cite book | last=Porte | first=J. F. | title=Sir Edward Elgar | url=https://archive.org/details/siredwardelgar00portuoft | location=London | publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Turner & Co. Ltd. | year=1921 }} | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Powell | first=Mrs. Richard C.('Dorabella') |
*{{cite book | last=Powell | first=Mrs. Richard C.('Dorabella') | edition=Second |title=Edward Elgar: Memories of a Variation | location=London | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1947 }} | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Reed | first=William H | title=Elgar as I knew him | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1989 | isbn=0-19-282257-8}} | *{{cite book | last=Reed | first=William H | author-link = William Henry Reed | title=Elgar as I knew him | location=Oxford | publisher=Oxford University Press | year=1989 | isbn=0-19-282257-8}} | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Young | first=Percy M. | |
*{{cite book | last=Young | first=Percy M. | author-link = Percy M. Young | title=Alice Elgar: enigma of a Victorian lady | location=London | publisher=Dobson | year=1978 | isbn=0-234-77482-7}} | ||
| *{{cite book | last=Young | first=Percy M. | title=Elgar O.M.: a study of a musician | location=London | publisher=Collins| year=1973 | oclc=869820}} | *{{cite book | last=Young | first=Percy M. | title=Elgar O.M.: a study of a musician | location=London | publisher=Collins| year=1973 | oclc=869820}} | ||
| *Obituary in '']'', 8 April 1920 | *Obituary in '']'', 8 April 1920 | ||
| * |
*'The Late Lady Elgar', '']'', Vol.61, No.927 (1 May 1920) p. 331 | ||
| == External links == | == External links == | ||
| * {{IMSLP|id=Elgar, Alice}} | |||
| * | * | ||
| * {{Internet Archive author |sname= Alice Elgar}} | |||
| {{Edward Elgar}} | {{Edward Elgar}} | ||
| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Elgar, |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Elgar, Alice}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 17:19, 11 October 2024
English author (1848–1920)
Caroline Alice, Lady Elgar (9 October 1848 – 7 April 1920) was an English author of verse and prose fiction, who married the composer Edward Elgar.
Family
Caroline Alice Roberts, known as Alice, was born in Bhuj, Gujarat, India, in 1848. She was the youngest child (having three elder brothers) and only daughter of Major-General Sir Henry Gee Roberts KCB (1800–1860), and Julia Maria (1815–1887), daughter of Rev. Robert Napier Raikes (1783-1851). Alice's great-grandfather Robert Raikes (1736–1811) was the founder of the Sunday school movement, and her uncle was British Indian Army General Robert Napier Raikes (1813–1909). Her father was serving in India at the time of the Indian Mutiny, and he died when Alice was aged only 12.
As a girl she studied with the amateur geologist Rev W. S. Symonds and they and a group of her friends went fossil-hunting on the banks of the river Severn. She wrote the index to a book by him. She studied the piano with Ferdinand Kufferath in Brussels and harmony with Charles Harford Lloyd. She spoke fluent German, and also Italian, French and Spanish.
Before she was married her writing was published under the name C. Alice Roberts. A two-volume novel, Marchcroft Manor, was published in 1882, four years before she met Elgar. The Elgar scholar Diana McVeagh describes it as "quite an accomplished, entertaining, indeed touching tale, with a control of pace and situation, and a humour that might well surprise anyone knowing Alice only from her later verses, letters and diary". McVeagh also notes that earlier critics have drawn attention to the "tincture of radicalism" in the book.
Marriage
In 1886 Alice Roberts' brothers had left to join the army and she was living with her elderly widowed mother at Hazeldine House at Redmarley in Worcestershire (now in Gloucestershire). That autumn she took up piano accompaniment lessons from Edward Elgar, who was violin teacher at Worcester High School. When her mother died the next year she went abroad for a while before returning to settle down at a house in Malvern Link called Ripple Lodge, and continued with her accompaniment lessons. She became engaged to her young teacher, much to the disapproval of her strongly Anglican family, who not only considered her fiancé a poor tradesman of a lower social class, but also noted that he was eight years her junior and a devout Roman Catholic.
Alice Roberts and Edward Elgar were married on 8 May 1889 in a shortened Catholic ceremony at Brompton Oratory. They gave each other engagement presents: he presented her with a short piece for violin and piano called Salut d'Amour, and she gave him one of her poems The Wind at Dawn. Of Alice's family only her cousin William Raikes and his wife Veronica attended, while on her husband's side there were only his parents and his musical friend Dr. Charles Buck. The wedding breakfast was at the nearby house of a friend of Alice's, Mrs. Marshall – Elgar later dedicated "A Song of Autumn" to her daughter "Miss Marshall".
The Elgars spent a three-week honeymoon at Ventnor on the Isle of Wight, then returned to London to be closer to the centre of British musical life. But they had no settled home for over a year: they went first to 3 Marloes Road, Kensington; then on 29 July they went back to her spacious house 'Saetermo' in Malvern when the lease ran out; then in October to the Raikes cousins' home (lent to them for the winter 1890–91) 'Oaklands', Fountain Road, Upper Norwood with the advantage of being near the Crystal Palace Concerts which Edward attended whenever he could. They then moved to a terraced house at 51 Avonmore Road, Kensington where their only child, Carice Irene was born on 14 August 1890. However the lack of work for Edward forced them to leave, and they returned to Malvern Link, renting a house 'Forli' in Alexandra Road, where it was hoped he could earn a living teaching and conducting local musical ensembles.
Influence
Alice's faith in her husband and her courage in marrying 'beneath her class' were strongly supportive to his career. She dealt with his mood swings and was a generous musical critic. She was also his business manager, social secretary, and not least set out and ruled score paper for his orchestral works.
She did her best to gain him the attention of influential society, though with limited success. The honours accepted reluctantly by her husband mattered more to her and her social class. She also gave up some of her personal aspirations to further his career. In her diary she later admitted, "The care of a genius is enough of a life work for any woman."
When her husband received his knighthood in 1904, she became Lady Elgar.
At the beginning of World War I, for a short while, Lady Elgar taught French to a group of private soldiers at Chelsea Barracks.
By January 1920, friends had noticed that she had lost her normal vitality and had not been out of the house since November. She attended a performance of Elgar's Second Symphony on 16 March, and the next day went to a Harley Street doctor, but stayed at home when Elgar travelled to a concert in Leeds. The last concert she attended was a performance of some of Elgar's chamber music in London.
She died of lung cancer, aged 71, on 7 April, in their home Severn House at 42 Netherhall Gardens in Hampstead. Her funeral was held at St Wulstan's Roman Catholic Church in Little Malvern three days later. Edward was supported by their daughter Carice. Among the mourners was Alice's brother Napier Roberts. There were Elgar's friends Frank Schuster, Billy Reed and Dr. Charles Buck. Sir Charles Stanford arrived but could only speak to Reed before walking away in tears. In the gallery of the church the slow movement from Elgar's String Quartet was played by Reed, Albert Sammons, Lionel Tertis and Felix Salmond.
Legacy
Alice's letters and the diary she kept during the years of her marriage between 1889 and 1920 are a valuable record of the lives of her and her family.
Her daughter
At the beginning of World War I, Carice Elgar trained in First Aid, then from 1915 did translation work for the Government Censorship Department.
The month before Alice died, Carice returned home from a holiday in Mürren, having met there a Surrey farmer older than she was named Samuel Blake. Her mother sensed a secret, but Carice did not tell her. A year later, with her father's consent, they became engaged. They were married in January 1922 and she took the name Carice Elgar Blake. They had no children.
After her mother died Carice devoted herself to supporting her father. After the death of her father in 1934 she played a part in the formation of the Elgar Birthplace Trust. Samuel Blake died in 1939, and Carice died in Bristol on 16 July 1970 aged 79. Her funeral was at St. Wulstan's Church in Little Malvern, where her parents were buried, and there was a memorial service for her at Farm Street Church in Mount Street, London W1 on 30 July.
Works
Lyrics
Poems by Alice set to music by Elgar:
- "The Wind at Dawn", song (1888), poem written in 1880
- "Afar, amidst the sunny Isles", alternate poem by Alice to fit the music of "My Love Dwelt in a Northern Land", when Andrew Lang refused permission for his poem to be used: but Lang later changed his mind and Alice's words were not used
- "Im Norden, wo mein Lieb gewohnt", German words to "My Love Dwelt in a Northern Land"
- "O Happy Eyes", part-song SATB, Op.18 No.1 (1890)
- "A spear, a sword", unpublished song (1892)
- "Mill-wheel Songs", two unpublished songs (1892)
- 1. "Winter"; 2. "May (a rhapsody)"
- "The Snow", part-song SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, Op. 26 No.1 (1894). Winter from her poem Isabel Trevithoe.
- "Fly, Singing Bird", part-song SSA acc. 2 violins and piano, Op. 26 No.2 (1894). Spring from her poem Isabel Trevithoe.
- From the Bavarian Highlands, six choral songs SATB and orchestra, Op. 27 (1896). Alice also gave the songs their German subtitles.
- 1. "The Dance (Sonnenbichl)"; 2. "False Love (Wamberg)"; 3. "Lullaby (In Hammersbach)"; 4. "Aspiration (Bei Sankt Anton)"; 5. "On the Alm 'True Love' (Hoch Alp)"; 6. "The Marksmen (Bei Murnau)"
- "Love alone will stay", song, (1898). Later in Sea Pictures, Op. 37 as In Haven (Capri)
- "A Christmas Greeting", carol for 2 sopranos, male chorus ad lib, 2 violins and piano, Op. 52, (1907)
- "The King's Way", song (1910)
Fiction
- Isabel Trevithoe, a poem by C. A. R., (The Charing Cross Publishing Co., 1879)
- Marchcroft Manor, a novel (2 vols.), (Remington & Co., New Bond St., London, 1882)
- Stories in the magazine Home Chimes
- Dear little ship, go forth, a poem, dedicated "To Carice"
Other
- Index to Records of the Rocks by Rev W. S. Symonds (1872)
- Translation from German of E. T. A. Hoffmann's short story Ritter Gluck, (London Society, a Monthly Magazine, May 1895)
Dedications
Dedicated by Edward Elgar to Alice
- "Through the Long Days", song, Op.16 No.2 (1887) – written on one of the first printed copies was 'Miss Roberts from Edward Elgar, Mar.21 1887'
- "Liebesgruss" (Salut d'Amour), violin and piano, Op.12, inscribed "à Carice" (1888)
- "Liebesahnung", violin and piano, later published as "Mot d'Amour", Op.13 No.1 (1889)
- "Love", part-song SATB, Op.18 No.2 (1890)
- Variation I of the Enigma Variations, Op.36 bears the initials "C.A.E." (1898)
Notes
- Alice's uncle General Robert Napier Raikes had the same name as his father.
- Elgar Studies, ed. Raymond Monk, Routledge, 2016 (reprint of Ashgate Publishing 1990), p. 87
- ^ Powell, p. 1.
- The soprano Antonia Kufferath (Mrs Edward Speyer) was the daughter of Ferdinand Kufferath, and Elgar dedicated one of his songs Speak, Music! to her
- Moore, p. 115.
- McVeagh, Diana, "Mrs Edward Elgar", The Musical Times, February 1984, pp. 76–78.
- Kennedy, p. 24.
- Young, Alice Elgar, p. 100.
- Kennedy, p. 26.
- 'Carice' was compounded from her mother's names 'Caroline' and 'Alice'
- Kennedy, p. 31.
- Kennedy, p. 115.
- ^ Young, p. 175.
- Reed, pp. 66–7.
- Moore, pp. 750–1.
- Reed, p. 67.
- Moore, p. 754.
- Moore, p.751.
- Moore, p. 758.
- Kennedy, p. 247.
- The Times obituary and deaths, 17 July 1970
- ^ Moore, p. 125.
- Young, Alice Elgar, p. 102.
- Porte, p. 206.
- Kennedy, p. 281.
- Moore, p. 168.
- Moore, p. 181.
- Moore, p. 182.
- Mc Veagh, Mrs. Edward Elgar
- Young, Elgar O.M., p. 59.
- Home Chimes was published 1884–1894 by Richard Willoughby, London, price 1/-. It was a (first weekly, then monthly) miscellany, mostly fiction by little-known authors. It serialised Jerome K. Jerome's Three Men in a Boat, 1888–1889, and published "Man Size in Marble" by E. Nesbit. See Magazine Data File
- Moore Elgar: A Life in Photographs, p. 51.
- Young, Elgar O.M., p. 58.
- Young, Elgar O.M., p. 72.
- Moore, p. 119.
References
- Kennedy, Michael (1987). Portrait of Elgar (Third ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-284017-7.
- McVeagh, Diana (1984). 'Mrs. Edward Elgar'. The Musical Times, Vol.125, No.1692
- Moore, Jerrold N. (1984). Edward Elgar: a Creative Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-315447-1.
- Moore, Jerrold N. (1972). Elgar: A Life in Photographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-315425-0.
- Porte, J. F. (1921). Sir Edward Elgar. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Turner & Co. Ltd.
- Powell, Mrs. Richard C.('Dorabella') (1947). Edward Elgar: Memories of a Variation (Second ed.). London: Oxford University Press.
- Reed, William H (1989). Elgar as I knew him. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-282257-8.
- Young, Percy M. (1978). Alice Elgar: enigma of a Victorian lady. London: Dobson. ISBN 0-234-77482-7.
- Young, Percy M. (1973). Elgar O.M.: a study of a musician. London: Collins. OCLC 869820.
- Obituary in The Times, 8 April 1920
- 'The Late Lady Elgar', The Musical Times, Vol.61, No.927 (1 May 1920) p. 331
External links
- Free scores by Alice Elgar at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP)
- The LiederNet Archive – texts of Caroline Alice Elgar set to music
- Works by or about Alice Elgar at the Internet Archive
