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{{Short description|Decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material}}
{{for|the gun| Pom-pom gun}}
{{For|the gun|Pom-pom gun (disambiguation){{!}}Pom-pom (disambiguation)#Military|QF 1-pounder pom-pom}}
{{other uses}}
{{more citations needed|date=May 2017}} {{Other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}

⚫ ] pom-poms]]
]
], ]]] ], ]]]
A '''pom-pom''' – also spelled '''pom-pon''', '''pompom''' or '''pompon''' – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material. A '''pom-pom''' – also spelled '''pom-pon''', '''pompom''' or '''pompon''' – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material.


The term may refer to large tufts used by ], or a small, tighter ball attached to the top of a hat, also known as a ] or ]. The term may refer to large tufts used by ], or a small, tighter ball attached to the top of a hat, also known as a ] or ].


Pom-poms may come in many colors, sizes, and varieties and are made from a wide array of materials, including ], ], ], ], ], ] and occasionally ]s. Pom-poms are shaken by ]s, pom or ], and sports fans during ]s. Pom-poms may come in many colours, sizes, and varieties and are made from a wide array of materials, including ], ], ], ], ], ] and occasionally ]s. Pom-poms are shaken by ]s, pom or ], and sports fans during ]s.


==Spelling and etymology== ==Etymology and spelling==
⚫ ''Pom-pom'', also called a ''pom'' or ''cheerleading pom'', is derived from the French word ''pompon'', which refers to a small decorative ball made of fabric or feathers. It also means an "ornamental round tuft" and originally refers to its use on a hat, or an "ornamental tuft; tuft-like flower head."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pompom&allowed_in_frame=0|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref>
⚫ *'']'' (1961) gives the spelling as "pompom."

⚫ *'']'' (1961) gives the spelling as "pompon."
*The '']'' (third edition, 2010) gives the spelling as "pom-pom." *The '']'' (third edition, 2010) gives the spelling as "pom-pom."
*The '']'' (5th edition, 2011) gives the spelling as "pompom" or "pompon." *The '']'' (5th edition, 2011) gives the spelling as "pompom" or "pompon."
*''Webster's New World College Dictionary'' (fourth edition) gives the spelling as "pompom." *''Webster's New World College Dictionary'' (fourth edition) gives the spelling as "pompom."


⚫ ==Sports and cheerleading==
⚫ ''Pom-pom'', also called a ''pom'' or ''cheerleading pom'', is derived from the French word ''pompom'', which refers to a small decorative ball made of fabric or feathers. It also means an "ornamental round tuft" and originally refers to its use on a hat, or an "ornamental tuft; tuft-like flower head."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pompom&allowed_in_frame=0|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref>
⚫ ] pom-poms]]
]


Cheerleading innovator ] received a patent for the pom-pom and his original patent application, for which he called the invention ''pom-pon'', mentioned that they were made out of crepe paper or other similar material.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Herkimer |first1=Lawrence R |title=Patent 3,560,313 for POM PON |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3560313A/en |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office |date=1968-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Branch |first1=John |title=Shaking Pompoms for the Grandfather of Modern Cheerleading |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/sports/ncaabasketball/15cheer.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> Since then pom-poms have been made of plastic but mylar (also called ]) has become increasingly popular in recent years.<ref name="scpg">{{cite web |title=Poms |url=https://www.superiorcheer.com/pages/pom.html |website=Superior Cheer|date=6 June 2019 }}{{unreliable source?|date=October 2024}}</ref>
⚫ ==Sports and cheer leading==
] ]]]


⚫ Cheerleading pom-poms come in a variety of shapes, styles, colors, color combinations, and sizes. The most common size, the {{convert|6|in|adj=on|spell=in}} works most age groups or performance type. This size can be used for dance teams, pom squads, cheerleaders, and majorettes, easily making it the most versatile strand length on the market.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog">{{cite web |title=Size Matters: Pom Edition |url=https://blog.superiorcheer.com/2017/06/size-matters-pom-edition.html |website=Superior Cheer Blog}}{{unreliable source?|date=October 2024}}</ref> The second most common size, the {{convert|5|in|adj=on|spell=in}}, is adequate for any age group or performance type, but the marginally shorter strands provide the necessary flash while acting more as an accent to the uniform.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog" />
Cheerleaders use pom-poms at sports events for six main reasons:

*to attract the attention of the spectators
*to accentuate movements
*to add "sparkle" to a cheer, chant, or dance routine
*to distract the opposing team
*to spell out team's name or "go"
*to use semaphore

]

Most often, pom-poms are used in pairs (one in each hand), but this may vary with the particular requirements of the ] of a dance or cheer. Pom-poms are shaken by cheerleaders and sports fans during spectator sports. Small decorative pom-poms may be attached to clothing; these are called toories or bobby

⚫ Cheerleading pom-poms come in a variety of shapes, styles, colors, color combinations, and sizes. Classically, pom-poms have been made of plastic but mylar (also called ]) has become increasingly popular in recent years.<ref name="scpg">{{cite web |title=Poms |url=https://www.superiorcheer.com/pages/pom.html |website=Superior Cheer}}</ref> The most common size, the 6" works most age groups or performance type. This size can be used for dance teams, pom squads, cheerleaders, and majorettes, easily making it the most versatile strand length on the market.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog">{{cite web |title=Size Matters: Pom Edition |url=https://blog.superiorcheer.com/2017/06/size-matters-pom-edition.html |website=Superior Cheer Blog}}</ref> The second most common size, the 5", is adequate for any age group or performance type, but the marginally shorter strands provide the necessary flash while acting more as an accent to the uniform.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog" />


Pom-poms are also waved by sports fans, primarily at college and high school sports events in the United States. These inexpensive, light-weight ''faux'' pom-poms, or rooter poms, typically come in team colors, are sometimes given away or sold to spectators at such events.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog" /> Pom-poms are also waved by sports fans, primarily at college and high school sports events in the United States. These inexpensive, light-weight ''faux'' pom-poms, or rooter poms, typically come in team colors, are sometimes given away or sold to spectators at such events.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog" />


])]]
Many schools and universities have dance teams in addition to their cheer leading groups. The dance teams may also use pom-poms occasionally, but many high school dance teams are now referred to as "Poms" squads. These squads are similar to drill teams, but usually, have several routines that they strictly use pom-poms. Pom-poms have also come to be included in dance competitions in the United States. In many states, "Pom" or "Open Pom" is considered its own style of dance during competitions. For this style dancers use pom-poms and moves that are specifically choreographed to include pom-poms, but usually incorporate hip-hop and jazz choreography as well. When judging a routine in the Pom or Open Pom category, judges typically look for clean, sharp movements and complete synchronization of the team. These dances occasionally use different colored pom-poms and outfits to convey a theme and the dance team will create pictures from their pom-poms that relate to this theme. ]

===Flogger===
In ], the term "flogger" is sometimes used rather than "pom-pom". Floggers are very large, heavy pom-poms in the team's colours. They sometimes require more than one person to lift them, and they are waved about when a goal is scored.

Floggers are an important part of ] and cheer-squads.


==Clothing== ==Clothing==
⚫ ] dating from the ] with a red company pompon|alt=|left]]
Small pom-poms may be used to adorn ]s (such as ] and some styles of the ]), ]s, fringed ]es, and other kinds of clothing.

Red pom-poms form a conspicuous part of the uniform of French naval personnel, being sewn onto the crown of their round ]s. Belgian sailors wear a light blue version.

Traditional Italian wedding shoes have small pom-poms, as do some Turkish dancing shoes.

===Roman Catholic clergy===

Roman Catholic clergy wear the ]. The colour of its pom-pom denotes the wearer's rank. Priests wear a black biretta with a black pom. Protonotaries and domestic prelates (now prelates of honour) have a scarlet pom on their black birettas, and Papal Chamberlains (now Chaplains to His Holiness) wear a Roman purple pom on their black birettas.

Bishops and archbishops wear a Roman purple biretta with matching pom. The scarlet birettas of the cardinals have no pom, only a red loop. There is no papal biretta.

Some religious orders and congregations have unique birettas, such as the Norbertines who wear a white biretta with a white pom. Some St. Francis fathers wear a brown biretta with a black pom. Other orders may wear a black biretta with a white, green, or blue pom, or the black biretta of the secular priesthood.

] with a red toorie|alt=]]

===Toorie=== ===Toorie===
In reference to ] ] and Scottish military uniforms, the small pom-pom on the crown of such hats as the ], the ], and the ] is called a "toorie." In reference to ] ] and Scottish military uniforms, the small pom-pom on the crown of such hats as the ], the ], and the ] is called a "toorie."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toorie definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/toorie|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Conaboy|first=Kelly|title=Why do we all have balls on our hats?|url=https://theoutline.com/post/868/why-do-we-all-have-pom-pom-balls-on-our-hats|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Outline|language=en}}</ref>


The toorie is generally made of yarn and is traditionally red on both Balmorals and Glengarries (although specific units have used other colours). It has evolved into the smaller pom-pom found on older-style ] and the button atop ]s. The toorie is generally made of yarn and is traditionally red on both Balmorals and Glengarries (although specific units have used other colours).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toorie. {{!}} Scottish Words Illustrated|url=https://stooryduster.co.uk/scottish-word/toorie/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=stooryduster.co.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> It has evolved into the smaller pom-pom found on older-style ] and the button atop ]s.


Scots refer to any such hat decoration as a toorie, irrespective of the headgear. The word toorie is used for any such hat decoration in the ], irrespective of the headgear.


==Toys and bicycles== ==Toys and bicycles==
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2021}}
⚫ ]
{{see|Weepul}}
Pom-poms are sometimes used as children's toys. They are a common feature at the ends of the handlebars of children's ]s and ]s. They are also used in children's artistic crafts to add texture and color. Pom-poms are sometimes used as children's toys. They are a common feature at the ends of the handlebars of children's ]s and ]s. They are also used in children's artistic crafts to add texture and color.


==Gallery==
{{clear left}}
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
Finger pom poms (8399154868).jpg|Finger pom poms
Adelaide cheer squad.1.jpg|Fans waving floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored.
⚫ Shako-p1000580.jpg|] dating from the ] with a red company pompon.
EvzoneTsarouhiKaltsodetes.jpg|Greek Presidential Guard shoes.
⚫ Pom poms multiple colours.jpg|Pile of pom-poms used for children's crafts.
</gallery>


==References== ==References==

Latest revision as of 16:02, 14 October 2024

Decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material For the gun, see Pom-pom (disambiguation)#Military and QF 1-pounder pom-pom. For other uses, see Pom-pom (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Pom-pom" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Pom-poms are mainly used to cheer for sports.
Three cheerleaders dancing with pom-poms in Tokyo, Japan

A pom-pom – also spelled pom-pon, pompom or pompon – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material.

The term may refer to large tufts used by cheerleaders, or a small, tighter ball attached to the top of a hat, also known as a bobble or toorie.

Pom-poms may come in many colours, sizes, and varieties and are made from a wide array of materials, including wool, cotton, paper, plastic, thread, glitter and occasionally feathers. Pom-poms are shaken by cheerleaders, pom or dance teams, and sports fans during spectator sports.

Etymology and spelling

Pom-pom, also called a pom or cheerleading pom, is derived from the French word pompon, which refers to a small decorative ball made of fabric or feathers. It also means an "ornamental round tuft" and originally refers to its use on a hat, or an "ornamental tuft; tuft-like flower head."

Sports and cheerleading

A pair of cheerleading pom-poms
Cheerleaders using pom-poms to spell out letters

Cheerleading innovator Lawrence Herkimer received a patent for the pom-pom and his original patent application, for which he called the invention pom-pon, mentioned that they were made out of crepe paper or other similar material. Since then pom-poms have been made of plastic but mylar (also called BoPET) has become increasingly popular in recent years.

Cheerleading pom-poms come in a variety of shapes, styles, colors, color combinations, and sizes. The most common size, the six-inch (150 mm) works most age groups or performance type. This size can be used for dance teams, pom squads, cheerleaders, and majorettes, easily making it the most versatile strand length on the market. The second most common size, the five-inch (130 mm), is adequate for any age group or performance type, but the marginally shorter strands provide the necessary flash while acting more as an accent to the uniform.

Pom-poms are also waved by sports fans, primarily at college and high school sports events in the United States. These inexpensive, light-weight faux pom-poms, or rooter poms, typically come in team colors, are sometimes given away or sold to spectators at such events.

Pom-poms are also used by some dance teams. (University of California, Berkeley)

Clothing

Toorie

In reference to Scottish Highland dress and Scottish military uniforms, the small pom-pom on the crown of such hats as the Balmoral, the Glengarry, and the Tam o' Shanter is called a "toorie."

The toorie is generally made of yarn and is traditionally red on both Balmorals and Glengarries (although specific units have used other colours). It has evolved into the smaller pom-pom found on older-style golf caps and the button atop baseball caps.

The word toorie is used for any such hat decoration in the Scots language, irrespective of the headgear.

Toys and bicycles

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Further information: Weepul

Pom-poms are sometimes used as children's toys. They are a common feature at the ends of the handlebars of children's tricycles and bicycles. They are also used in children's artistic crafts to add texture and color.

Gallery

  • Finger pom poms Finger pom poms
  • Fans waving floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored. Fans waving floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored.
  • Shako dating from the Bourbon Restoration with a red company pompon. Shako dating from the Bourbon Restoration with a red company pompon.
  • Greek Presidential Guard shoes. Greek Presidential Guard shoes.
  • Pile of pom-poms used for children's crafts. Pile of pom-poms used for children's crafts.

References

  1. "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  2. Herkimer, Lawrence R (1968-09-17). "Patent 3,560,313 for POM PON". United States Patent and Trademark Office.
  3. Branch, John. "Shaking Pompoms for the Grandfather of Modern Cheerleading". New York Times.
  4. "Poms". Superior Cheer. 6 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Size Matters: Pom Edition". Superior Cheer Blog.
  6. "Toorie definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  7. Conaboy, Kelly. "Why do we all have balls on our hats?". The Outline. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  8. "Toorie. | Scottish Words Illustrated". stooryduster.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
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