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{{Short description|Decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material}}
⚫ ]
{{For|the gun|Pom-pom gun (disambiguation){{!}}Pom-pom (disambiguation)#Military|QF 1-pounder pom-pom}}
{{Other uses}}
{{More citations needed|date=May 2017}}


]
A '''pom-pon''' is, at its most basic level, a decorative ball of fluff. Pom-pons may come in many colors, sizes and varieties and are made from a wide array of materials, including fabric, ], ], or occasionally ]s. While not necessarily the most common usage of a pom-pon, the most noticeable use is generally in the sport of Cheerleading.
], ]]]
A '''pom-pom''' – also spelled '''pom-pon''', '''pompom''' or '''pompon''' – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material.


The term may refer to large tufts used by ], or a small, tighter ball attached to the top of a hat, also known as a ] or ].
⚫ ==Cheerleading==

].]]
Pom-poms may come in many colours, sizes, and varieties and are made from a wide array of materials, including ], ], ], ], ], ] and occasionally ]s. Pom-poms are shaken by ]s, pom or ], and sports fans during ]s.
Cheerleaders use pompons for a variety of reasons including attracting the attention of a crowd, accentuating movements, distracting an opposing team, and adding an element of sparkle to a cheer, chant or cheer/dance routine, especially at cheer competitions. Most often, pompons are used in pairs (one for each hand) by each cheerleader, but this may vary based on the particular requirements and ] of a routine or cheer.

==Etymology and spelling==
''Pom-pom'', also called a ''pom'' or ''cheerleading pom'', is derived from the French word ''pompon'', which refers to a small decorative ball made of fabric or feathers. It also means an "ornamental round tuft" and originally refers to its use on a hat, or an "ornamental tuft; tuft-like flower head."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pompom&allowed_in_frame=0|title=Online Etymology Dictionary|website=www.etymonline.com}}</ref>

*'']'' (1961) gives the spelling as "pompon."
*The '']'' (third edition, 2010) gives the spelling as "pom-pom."
*The '']'' (5th edition, 2011) gives the spelling as "pompom" or "pompon."
*''Webster's New World College Dictionary'' (fourth edition) gives the spelling as "pompom."

==Sports and cheerleading==
⚫ ] pom-poms]]
]

Cheerleading innovator ] received a patent for the pom-pom and his original patent application, for which he called the invention ''pom-pon'', mentioned that they were made out of crepe paper or other similar material.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Herkimer |first1=Lawrence R |title=Patent 3,560,313 for POM PON |url=https://patents.google.com/patent/US3560313A/en |publisher=United States Patent and Trademark Office |date=1968-09-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Branch |first1=John |title=Shaking Pompoms for the Grandfather of Modern Cheerleading |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/15/sports/ncaabasketball/15cheer.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> Since then pom-poms have been made of plastic but mylar (also called ]) has become increasingly popular in recent years.<ref name="scpg">{{cite web |title=Poms |url=https://www.superiorcheer.com/pages/pom.html |website=Superior Cheer|date=6 June 2019 }}{{unreliable source?|date=October 2024}}</ref>

Cheerleading pom-poms come in a variety of shapes, styles, colors, color combinations, and sizes. The most common size, the {{convert|6|in|adj=on|spell=in}} works most age groups or performance type. This size can be used for dance teams, pom squads, cheerleaders, and majorettes, easily making it the most versatile strand length on the market.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog">{{cite web |title=Size Matters: Pom Edition |url=https://blog.superiorcheer.com/2017/06/size-matters-pom-edition.html |website=Superior Cheer Blog}}{{unreliable source?|date=October 2024}}</ref> The second most common size, the {{convert|5|in|adj=on|spell=in}}, is adequate for any age group or performance type, but the marginally shorter strands provide the necessary flash while acting more as an accent to the uniform.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog" />

Pom-poms are also waved by sports fans, primarily at college and high school sports events in the United States. These inexpensive, light-weight ''faux'' pom-poms, or rooter poms, typically come in team colors, are sometimes given away or sold to spectators at such events.<ref name="SuperiorCheer-Blog" />

])]]


Cheerleading pom-pons come in a variety of shapes, styles, colors, color combinations and sizes. Of particular note is the emerging variation in handles used by many manufacturers. ]lic (shiny) poms have become very popular in recent years, as have more cost-effective look-alike poms that are often given to spectators at sporting events.
{{-}}
==Clothing== ==Clothing==
⚫ ===Toorie===
While large handheld pompons may be used by ]s and ], smaller ones adorn ]s or hats such as the ]s and ]s, and this usage on clothing and decorations may be the most wide-spread. The ones on clothing and curtains tend to be small and made of ] or ].
In reference to ] ] and Scottish military uniforms, the small pom-pom on the crown of such hats as the ], the ], and the ] is called a "toorie."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toorie definition and meaning {{!}} Collins English Dictionary|url=https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/toorie|access-date=2021-05-23|website=www.collinsdictionary.com|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Conaboy|first=Kelly|title=Why do we all have balls on our hats?|url=https://theoutline.com/post/868/why-do-we-all-have-pom-pom-balls-on-our-hats|access-date=2021-05-23|website=The Outline|language=en}}</ref>
{{-}}
==Other Activities==
]
Pompons are also used sometimes in the enjoyment and learning of small children, as they like things that shine, though the fact that pompons are made of strings also renders them as a ] hazard.


The toorie is generally made of yarn and is traditionally red on both Balmorals and Glengarries (although specific units have used other colours).<ref>{{Cite web|title=Toorie. {{!}} Scottish Words Illustrated|url=https://stooryduster.co.uk/scottish-word/toorie/|access-date=2021-05-23|website=stooryduster.co.uk|language=en-GB}}</ref> It has evolved into the smaller pom-pom found on older-style ] and the button atop ]s.
Also, although it is not commonly known, in some regions of the United States Pompon is considered a sport separate from cheerleading. Alternatively, many schools and universities have dance teams - different from a cheerleading unit - that may occasionally use poms as well.
{{-}}
==Variations==


The word toorie is used for any such hat decoration in the ], irrespective of the headgear.
===Pom-Pon===
Within cheerleading, the term pom-pon is used almost exclusively. , , , the , the , the , and most commercial providers such as generally use the -PON term.
{{-}}
⚫ ===Pompon===
Slightly less common is the same spelling without a hyphen. This is seen occasionally in popular culture sources and less so in cheer-specific cases, such as Cheer magazines (as listed above, for example).
{{-}}
===Pom-Pom===
The use of the similar-sounding rendition "pom-pom" is very common, especially among popular culture, including movies, entertainment sources and general laypeople, but many cheerleaders, coaches, cheer equipment suppliers and manufacturers and others involved in the sport use the term "pompon." Often, pompons are referred to simply as "poms."


==Toys and bicycles==
When speaking about clothing or decorative purposes, rather than cheerleading uses, the spelling pom-pom is very common, almost to the same exclusivity that pom-pon enjoys among cheerleading professionals.
{{unreferenced section|date=December 2021}}
{{-}}
{{see|Weepul}}
===Pompom===
Pom-poms are sometimes used as children's toys. They are a common feature at the ends of the handlebars of children's ]s and ]s. They are also used in children's artistic crafts to add texture and color.
Just as pom-pon is often written without the hyphen and thus pompon, so pom-pom is also written often as pompom.


==Gallery==
⚫ ]
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
Finger pom poms (8399154868).jpg|Finger pom poms
Adelaide cheer squad.1.jpg|Fans waving floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored.
Shako-p1000580.jpg|] dating from the ] with a red company pompon.
EvzoneTsarouhiKaltsodetes.jpg|Greek Presidential Guard shoes.
Pom poms multiple colours.jpg|Pile of pom-poms used for children's crafts.
</gallery>


==References==
{{sport-stub}}
{{fashion-stub}} {{Reflist}}


⚫ ]
]
]
]
⚫ ]
]

Latest revision as of 16:02, 14 October 2024

Decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material For the gun, see Pom-pom (disambiguation)#Military and QF 1-pounder pom-pom. For other uses, see Pom-pom (disambiguation).
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Find sources: "Pom-pom" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Pom-poms are mainly used to cheer for sports.
Three cheerleaders dancing with pom-poms in Tokyo, Japan

A pom-pom – also spelled pom-pon, pompom or pompon – is a decorative ball or tuft of fibrous material.

The term may refer to large tufts used by cheerleaders, or a small, tighter ball attached to the top of a hat, also known as a bobble or toorie.

Pom-poms may come in many colours, sizes, and varieties and are made from a wide array of materials, including wool, cotton, paper, plastic, thread, glitter and occasionally feathers. Pom-poms are shaken by cheerleaders, pom or dance teams, and sports fans during spectator sports.

Etymology and spelling

Pom-pom, also called a pom or cheerleading pom, is derived from the French word pompon, which refers to a small decorative ball made of fabric or feathers. It also means an "ornamental round tuft" and originally refers to its use on a hat, or an "ornamental tuft; tuft-like flower head."

Sports and cheerleading

A pair of cheerleading pom-poms
Cheerleaders using pom-poms to spell out letters

Cheerleading innovator Lawrence Herkimer received a patent for the pom-pom and his original patent application, for which he called the invention pom-pon, mentioned that they were made out of crepe paper or other similar material. Since then pom-poms have been made of plastic but mylar (also called BoPET) has become increasingly popular in recent years.

Cheerleading pom-poms come in a variety of shapes, styles, colors, color combinations, and sizes. The most common size, the six-inch (150 mm) works most age groups or performance type. This size can be used for dance teams, pom squads, cheerleaders, and majorettes, easily making it the most versatile strand length on the market. The second most common size, the five-inch (130 mm), is adequate for any age group or performance type, but the marginally shorter strands provide the necessary flash while acting more as an accent to the uniform.

Pom-poms are also waved by sports fans, primarily at college and high school sports events in the United States. These inexpensive, light-weight faux pom-poms, or rooter poms, typically come in team colors, are sometimes given away or sold to spectators at such events.

Pom-poms are also used by some dance teams. (University of California, Berkeley)

Clothing

Toorie

In reference to Scottish Highland dress and Scottish military uniforms, the small pom-pom on the crown of such hats as the Balmoral, the Glengarry, and the Tam o' Shanter is called a "toorie."

The toorie is generally made of yarn and is traditionally red on both Balmorals and Glengarries (although specific units have used other colours). It has evolved into the smaller pom-pom found on older-style golf caps and the button atop baseball caps.

The word toorie is used for any such hat decoration in the Scots language, irrespective of the headgear.

Toys and bicycles

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Further information: Weepul

Pom-poms are sometimes used as children's toys. They are a common feature at the ends of the handlebars of children's tricycles and bicycles. They are also used in children's artistic crafts to add texture and color.

Gallery

  • Finger pom poms Finger pom poms
  • Fans waving floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored. Fans waving floggers behind the goals to signify that a goal was scored.
  • Shako dating from the Bourbon Restoration with a red company pompon. Shako dating from the Bourbon Restoration with a red company pompon.
  • Greek Presidential Guard shoes. Greek Presidential Guard shoes.
  • Pile of pom-poms used for children's crafts. Pile of pom-poms used for children's crafts.

References

  1. "Online Etymology Dictionary". www.etymonline.com.
  2. Herkimer, Lawrence R (1968-09-17). "Patent 3,560,313 for POM PON". United States Patent and Trademark Office.
  3. Branch, John. "Shaking Pompoms for the Grandfather of Modern Cheerleading". New York Times.
  4. "Poms". Superior Cheer. 6 June 2019.
  5. ^ "Size Matters: Pom Edition". Superior Cheer Blog.
  6. "Toorie definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary". www.collinsdictionary.com. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  7. Conaboy, Kelly. "Why do we all have balls on our hats?". The Outline. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
  8. "Toorie. | Scottish Words Illustrated". stooryduster.co.uk. Retrieved 2021-05-23.
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