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| {{Short description|Irish republican group}} | |||
| {{EngvarB|date=October 2013}} | |||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}} | |||
| {{Infobox organization | {{Infobox organization | ||
| | name = The Wolfe Tone Societies '' |
| name = The Wolfe Tone Societies | ||
| | native_name = '''{{langx|ga|Muintir Wolfe Tone}}''' | |||
| | former name = |
| former name = | ||
| | image = |
| image = File:Portrait of Theobald Wolfe Tone.PNG | ||
| | image_border = | |||
| | size = <!-- default 200px --> | |||
| | alt = <!-- alt text; see ] --> | | alt = <!-- alt text; see ] --> | ||
| | caption = Wolfe Tone, 20 June 1763 – 19 November 1798 | | caption = Wolfe Tone, 20 June 1763 – 19 November 1798 | ||
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| | msize = <!-- map size, optional, default 250px --> | | msize = <!-- map size, optional, default 250px --> | ||
| | malt = <!-- map alt text --> | | malt = <!-- map alt text --> | ||
| | mcaption = |
| mcaption = | ||
| | map2 = |
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| | abbreviation = WTS | | abbreviation = WTS | ||
| | motto = |
| motto = | ||
| | predecessor = |
| predecessor = | ||
| | successor = |
| successor = | ||
| | formation = |
| formation = 1964 | ||
| | extinction = <!-- {{End date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | | extinction = <!-- {{End date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> | ||
| | merger = |
| merger = | ||
| | merged = |
| merged = | ||
| | type = ] | | type = ] | ||
| | status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --> | | status = <!-- ad hoc, treaty, foundation, etc --> | ||
| | purpose = Creation of an ] | | purpose = Creation of an ] | ||
| | headquarters = ] | | headquarters = ] | ||
| | location = |
| location = | ||
| | coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using {{Coord}} --> | | coords = <!-- Coordinates of location using {{Coord}} --> | ||
| | region_served = |
| region_served = Ireland | ||
| | membership = By invitation | | membership = By invitation | ||
| | language = |
| language = English and ] | ||
| | general = <!-- Secretary General --> | | general = <!-- Secretary General --> | ||
| | leader_title = |
| leader_title = | ||
| | leader_name = |
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| | key_people = |
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| | main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --> | | main_organ = <!-- gral. assembly, board of directors, etc --> | ||
| | parent_organization = <!-- if one --> | | parent_organization = <!-- if one --> | ||
| | affiliations = |
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| | website = <!-- {{url|example.com}}--> | | website = <!-- {{url|example.com}}--> | ||
| | remarks = |
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| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Wolfe Tone Societies (WTS)''' ({{langx|ga|Muintir Wolfe Tone}}<ref name="NAI"> – Tuairisc: The news-letter of the Wolfe Tone Society, Number One</ref>) is an Irish republican group whose chief objective is the establishment of a 'united Irish Republic.'<ref name="NAI"/><ref>{{cite web |title=Constitution of the Dublin Wolfe Tone Society |url=http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm |website=Century of Endeavour |access-date=31 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604125159/http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm |archive-date=4 June 2011}}</ref> It evolved from the commemorative Directories which the ] helped set up in 1963 to mark the bicentenary of the 1763 birth of ].<ref name="NAI"/><ref name="English">English, p. 85</ref> In 1964 the Directories were dissolved and replaced with the Wolfe Tone Society. The publication of the Wolf Tone Society from 1965 onward was called ''Tuairisc.'' | |||
| '''The Wolfe Tone Societies''' (], ''Muintir Wolfe Tone'') evolved from the commemorative committees which the ] helped set up in 1963 to mark the bicentenary of the 1793 birth of ]. <ref>English p85</ref> These emerged as the Wolfe Tone Societies in 1964. Radical republican discussion groups which held debates across ] and which helped to "foster republicanism by educating the masses in their cultural and political heritage". <ref>English p85</ref> One of their core objectives was to achieve a "united Irish republic". <ref>http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm</ref> | |||
| ==History== | |||
| One of the key intellectuals who joined the societies was ], a ] ] who sought to encourage Protestants in ] to join the Irish nationalist movement. In the spirit of Wolfe Tone he sought to unify all Irishmen. <ref>English pp85-86</ref> Another key member was ] who, although not an IRA member, was a major influence on the thinking of republicans during the 1960's. <ref>English p86</ref> | |||
| In 1963 to celebrate the bi-centenary of Wolfe Tone's birth, Irish republicans formed the Wolfe Tone Bi-centenary Directories.<ref name="NAI"/> Due to the support shown at the commemoration, it was decided at a meeting of the Directories in Dublin, July 1964, to disband the Directories and replace it with the "Muintir Wolfe Tone", or Wolfe Tone Society.<ref name="NAI"/><ref name="CAIN"> – Century of Endeavour</ref> | |||
| The WTS was opposed to the Republic of Ireland's entry into the European Economic Community and was involved with the organisation Irish Voice on Vietnam which protested the war.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Treacy |first1=Matt |title=The IRA 1956–69: Rethinking the Republic |date=2013 |publisher=Manchester University Press}}</ref> | |||
| ==Formation== | |||
| The Wolfe Tone Societies, a group of Associations formed to commemorate the bi-centenary of Theobald Wolfe Tone in 1963, had decided to stay in existence to attempt to influence cultural and political trends in the country. The strongest groups were in Belfast and Dublin and they too became concerned with the weakening of the Unionist monolith at Stormont through democratic action. <ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/crights/nicra/nicra781.htm</ref> | |||
| One of the key intellectuals who joined the societies was ], of ] background. He sought to encourage Protestants in ] to support the nationalist cause.<ref>English, pp. 85-86</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ==Objectives== | ||
| ''(These are the list of objectives published in the 1970's)'' | |||
| This organisation decided that it should focus on trying to "influence cultural and political trends in the country" and using democratic means to weaken the Unionist government of Northern Ireland.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} Its main bases of strength were in Belfast and Dublin.<ref> – "We Shall Overcome" .... The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968 – 1978 by NICRA (1978)</ref> | |||
| 1. To further the establishment of a united, independent, democratic, Irish Republic, in accordance with the 1916 Proclamation and the Democratic Programme of the First Dail. (See Appendix).<ref>http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm</ref> | |||
| In 1984, a Wolfe Tone Society was founded in London from the amalgamation of several London based Irish republican groups. It supports ],<ref> – Wolfe Tone AGM rejects criminalisation</ref> and holds major meetings and republican commemorations at the Camden Irish Centre in London, which are attended by Sinn Féin members.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}} | |||
| 2. To show how our divided nation is kept wholly subject to British imperialism, though apparently free in part, by means of meetings, lectures, conferences, publications and any other means deemed suitable.<ref>http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ==Objectives== | ||
| 3. To win the support of the Irish people for the establishment of Ireland of the '70s as a united, independent nation, with control over its financial policy, ability to plan its own investment without recourse to bribery of foreigners, employing to the full the considerable skill and ability of its people irrespective of religion, trading in a diversified manner with many nations to mutual advantage, and playing its proper part among the nations, especially those at present emerging from the grip of imperialism.<ref>http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm</ref> | |||
| Upon its creation, the Wolfe Tone Society declared that its aim was to further the creation of a united, independent, democratic Irish | |||
| Republic as declared in the 1916 ]. To achieve this it would focus on trying to convince the people of Ireland to support its creation, via meetings, publications and other means.<ref name="NAI"/> To help promote its message, the organisation published a newsletter called ''Tuairisc''.<ref name="NAI"/> | |||
| ⚫ | ==Involvement with NICRA== | ||
| 4. To develop means of uniting the scattered, struggling sectional groupings so that their aims shall be aligned with the objective of a united Irish Republic.<ref>http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm</ref> | |||
| At a joint meeting of all the Wolfe Tone Societies which took place in the home of Kevin Agnew (republican solicitor) at ], ], August 1966,<ref>Coogan, p. 66</ref> it was proposed that a civil rights campaign be started. The IRA's Chief of Staff ] was present and pledged support from his organisation. From this meeting another was arranged in Belfast on 29 January 1967 and the ] was formed.<ref name="English91">English, p. 91</ref> The thirteen man committee which was formed included Fred Heatley and Jack Bennett from the Wolfe Tone Societies and ] of the IRA.<ref name="English91"/> | |||
| ==See also== | |||
| The Society shall not put up candidates for election. <ref>http://www.iol.ie/~rjtechne/century130703/1960s/wtsconst.htm</ref> | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| ⚫ | == |
||
| {{Reflist|3}} | |||
| The first move in what was eventually to emerge as the ] (NICRA) came from the Wolfe Tone Society. The Society recognised the growing awareness of the need for a broad organisation to channel the demands for democratic reform and to this end they organised a meeting of all Wolfe Tone Societies in ] in ], ].<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/crights/nicra/nicra781.htm</ref> | |||
| ⚫ | ===Bibliography=== | ||
| The initiative of setting up NICRA was very much that of Roy Johnston, Anthony Coughlan and the Dublin Wolfe Tone Society. <ref>English p91</ref> In the Maghera meeting the idea of a civil rights campaign was proposed. The IRA leader ] was at the meeting and promised the full support of the IRA.<ref>English p91</ref> | |||
| {{Refbegin}} | |||
| ⚫ | * ]. ''Armed Struggle;– A History of the IRA'', MacMillan, London 2003, {{ISBN|1-4050-0108-9}} | ||
| ⚫ | * ]. ''The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal, 1969–96, and the Search for Peace'', Arrow Books Ltd, 1996, {{ISBN|009946571X}} | ||
| {{Refend}} | |||
| ==External links== | |||
| The outcome was a decision to hold a public meeting to highlight the issue of civil rights in Northern Ireland. This was held in the War Memorial Building in Belfast in November, 1966, and its attendance was drawn from all sectors of libertarianism in Northern Ireland, the Chairman being John D. Stewart.<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/crights/nicra/nicra781.htm</ref> The two main speakers were Ciaran Mac An Ali, a ] solicitor<ref>Coogan p67</ref> who spoke on "Civil Liberty - Ireland Today" and ], a South African anti-] campaigner, who spoke on "Human Rights, International Perspective".<ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/crights/nicra/nicra781.htm</ref> | |||
| * by Kenneth Sheehy | |||
| {{ATIRA}} | |||
| The support for this public meeting prompted the Belfast Wolfe Tone Society - effectively Fred Heatley and Jack Bennett - to hold another broad meeting with a view to setting up a formal organisation which could be devoted to unifying the struggle for civil rights. <ref>http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/events/crights/nicra/nicra781.htm</ref> | |||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| When NICRA was set up in Belfast on 27 January 1967 the thirteen man committee included the two (Belfast) Wolfe Tone Society members Fred Heatley and Jack Bennett as well as the IRA's ] giving an intentional and deliberate link to the old IRA "anti-unionism" policy and the creation of the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland.<ref>English p91</ref> It was the agitation created by the civil rights movement which eventually led to the cycle of violence in Northern Ireland known as ].<ref>English p91</ref> | |||
| ==Wolfe Tone Society, London== | |||
| A Wolfe Tone Society was formed in 1984 from the various smaller Irish republican groups working in London and | |||
| is an ] support organization, known for its support to ].<ref>http://www.anphoblacht.com/contents/13309</ref> | |||
| The WTS have annual events in the form of ]s and ]s covering events such as ] memorial and ]. It regularly invites members of the pro-United Ireland ], ], over to ] for events. The WTS also has the support of some British politicians, including ]. | |||
| The WTS is primarily focused in London, with major meetings held at the Camden Irish Centre. <ref>http://www.londonirishcentre.org/</ref> This is in contrast to other support groups like Friends of Ireland, a Scottish organisation not to be confused with an American organisation of the same name, and the ], who mainly operate in different parts of Britain.{{Citation needed}} | |||
| ⚫ | ==Bibliography== | ||
| ⚫ | * ]. ''Armed Struggle;– A History of the IRA'', MacMillan, London 2003, ISBN |
||
| ⚫ | * ]. ''The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal, |
||
| ==Sources== | |||
| *{{Dead link}} <!-- Probably the most important link in the article and it doesn't work! --> | |||
| ⚫ | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist}} | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:04, 21 October 2024
Irish republican group
| Irish: Muintir Wolfe Tone | |
 Wolfe Tone, 20 June 1763 – 19 November 1798 | |
| Abbreviation | WTS |
|---|---|
| Formation | 1964 |
| Type | Irish political organisation |
| Purpose | Creation of an all Ireland republic |
| Headquarters | Dublin |
| Region served | Ireland |
| Membership | By invitation |
| Official language | English and Irish |
The Wolfe Tone Societies (WTS) (Irish: Muintir Wolfe Tone) is an Irish republican group whose chief objective is the establishment of a 'united Irish Republic.' It evolved from the commemorative Directories which the IRA helped set up in 1963 to mark the bicentenary of the 1763 birth of Wolfe Tone. In 1964 the Directories were dissolved and replaced with the Wolfe Tone Society. The publication of the Wolf Tone Society from 1965 onward was called Tuairisc.
History
In 1963 to celebrate the bi-centenary of Wolfe Tone's birth, Irish republicans formed the Wolfe Tone Bi-centenary Directories. Due to the support shown at the commemoration, it was decided at a meeting of the Directories in Dublin, July 1964, to disband the Directories and replace it with the "Muintir Wolfe Tone", or Wolfe Tone Society.
The WTS was opposed to the Republic of Ireland's entry into the European Economic Community and was involved with the organisation Irish Voice on Vietnam which protested the war.
One of the key intellectuals who joined the societies was Roy Johnston, of Protestant background. He sought to encourage Protestants in Northern Ireland to support the nationalist cause.
This organisation decided that it should focus on trying to "influence cultural and political trends in the country" and using democratic means to weaken the Unionist government of Northern Ireland. Its main bases of strength were in Belfast and Dublin.
In 1984, a Wolfe Tone Society was founded in London from the amalgamation of several London based Irish republican groups. It supports Sinn Féin, and holds major meetings and republican commemorations at the Camden Irish Centre in London, which are attended by Sinn Féin members.
Objectives
Upon its creation, the Wolfe Tone Society declared that its aim was to further the creation of a united, independent, democratic Irish Republic as declared in the 1916 Proclamation of the Irish Republic. To achieve this it would focus on trying to convince the people of Ireland to support its creation, via meetings, publications and other means. To help promote its message, the organisation published a newsletter called Tuairisc.
Involvement with NICRA
At a joint meeting of all the Wolfe Tone Societies which took place in the home of Kevin Agnew (republican solicitor) at Maghera, County Londonderry, August 1966, it was proposed that a civil rights campaign be started. The IRA's Chief of Staff Cathal Goulding was present and pledged support from his organisation. From this meeting another was arranged in Belfast on 29 January 1967 and the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was formed. The thirteen man committee which was formed included Fred Heatley and Jack Bennett from the Wolfe Tone Societies and Liam McMillan of the IRA.
See also
References
- ^ National Archives Ireland – Tuairisc: The news-letter of the Wolfe Tone Society, Number One
- "Constitution of the Dublin Wolfe Tone Society". Century of Endeavour. Archived from the original on 4 June 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- English, p. 85
- CAIN – Century of Endeavour
- Treacy, Matt (2013). The IRA 1956–69: Rethinking the Republic. Manchester University Press.
- English, pp. 85-86
- CAIN – "We Shall Overcome" .... The History of the Struggle for Civil Rights in Northern Ireland 1968 – 1978 by NICRA (1978)
- An Phoblacht – Wolfe Tone AGM rejects criminalisation
- Coogan, p. 66
- ^ English, p. 91
Bibliography
- English, Richard. Armed Struggle;– A History of the IRA, MacMillan, London 2003, ISBN 1-4050-0108-9
- Coogan, TP. The Troubles: Ireland's Ordeal, 1969–96, and the Search for Peace, Arrow Books Ltd, 1996, ISBN 009946571X
External links
- In the Shadow of Gunmen: The Wolfe Tone Society, 1963-1969 by Kenneth Sheehy