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{{Short description|Autocephalous Christian church}}
{{Unreferenced|date=January 2007}}
The '''Celtic Orthodox Church''' ('''COC'''; {{Langx|fr|Église orthodoxe celtique}}), also called the '''Holy Celtic Church''',<ref name="Pearson20074" /> is an ] ] church founded in the 20th century in ].
The '''Celtic Orthodox Church''' is an indigenous, Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Europe with representation in the United Kingdom for over 100 years. The head of the Church carries the title of ''Metropolitan of Dol and titular Bishop of Iona'', with residence in Saint-Dolay (Monastery of the Holy Presence <ref></ref> in ] (current titular : H B Mael since ]). Roman Catholicism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy do not maintain ties with the Celtic Church. The French body recently (late 2006) formed an association called l'Église Orthodoxe Occidentale (The Western Orthodox Church) together with the French Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of the Gauls.<ref></ref>

Since 25 December 2007, the Celtic Orthodox Church has been in ] with the French Orthodox Church and the ], forming the Communion of Western Orthodox Churches (CWOC).

The Celtic Orthodox Church claims to be part of the ].<ref>{{cite web|date=|title=Succession apostolique dans l'Église Orthodoxe Celtique|url=http://www.orthodox.ch/lignee2.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081030005907/http://www.orthodox.ch/lignee2.htm|archive-date=2008-10-30|access-date=2021-10-27|website=Eglise Orthodoxe Celtique, éparchie de Suisse}}</ref>


== History == == History ==
Established as the Orthodox Church of the British Isles in 1866, ] is claimed to have been derived from the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch. With the sanction of the Patriarch Ignatius Jacobus II having first been obtained, on 2nd June 1866, Mar Julius, Metropolitan Bishop of Emesa consecrated Jules Ferrette as Bishop Julius and gave him the title of Bishop of Iona and its Dependencies. This consecration, in Syria, was witnessed and the instrument of consecration was verified before the British Consul at Damascus. Bishop Julius was dispatched to erect an indigenous Orthodox Church in Western Europe, one not in any way subject to Antioch.


=== Foundation ===
The British church has a mixed history. Bishop Julius was not well received, and his successors had great difficulty in maintaining the Church. Resistance was made by Catholic, Protestant and Orthodox churches, but gradually it survived and grew. In 1994 the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria received the senior British bishop (and several members of the laity) into its jurisdiction. The remaining bishops elected Bishop Mael (the Abbot of the Monastère de la Saint-Présence) as Primate and Metropolitan. The Orthodox Church of the British Isles took the title, British Orthodox Church with the unanimous agreement of the clergy at a synod held in London.
The Celtic Orthodox Church was founded in the 20th century by {{Interlanguage link|Tugdual de Saint-Dolay|lt=Jean-Pierre Danyel|fr|Tugdual de Saint-Dolay}}. He was ordained priest by the ] ] of France in 1951, after failing to obtain an ordination from any Russian, Romanian or Greek ] bishop. However, he doubted the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches would recognize the validity of his ordination. Thus, he "received all the ] again on 1 March 1953" from ] Lutgen of ] of the ''Église catholique du rite dominicain''. Lutgen had received his ] from ]. After this, Danyel decided to work to restore the ] of ] and ] of one of the Christian founding saints of Brittany, ].<ref name="Pearson20074">{{cite book|last=Pearson|first=Joanne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au_paUclEZkC&pg=PA166|title=Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic|date=27 June 2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-25413-7|pages=51–2|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref>


Danyel founded the Abbaye de la Saint Présence at Bois-Juhel, ], "where he lived as an hermit in emulation of the ancient ]". He "soon attracted disciples" and was elected as the first bishop of the restored Celtic Church. He was consecrated bishop in 1957 by ] Irenaeus of Arles (Comte Charles-Borromée d'Eschevannes), primate of the ''Sainte Église catholique Gallicane autocéphale''. Danyel received the title of "Bishop of ]". On 19 December 1959, Danyel proclaimed himself metropolitan under the title Tugdual I, Archbishop of ]. Danyel "revived Druidic rites" and added to his title "Sa Blancheur l'Humble" ("His Whiteness the Humble") which he claimed was of Druidic origin. His full title was therefore: "His Whiteness the Humble Tugdual I, Archbishop of Dôl, ] of Saint-Dolay, Kayermo and Keroussek, primate of the Holy Celtic Church, President of all the non-Roman Christian and Apostolic Churches".<ref name="Pearson20074" />
Those French members who rejected the opportunity to join the ] assumed the title of the French Eparchy: L'Eglise Orthodoxe Celtique (the Celtic Orthodox Church) to indicate that its jurisdiction covered the area of the former Celtic missions.


In 1963 or 1964, the organisation consisted of 10 bishops and two to three ].<ref name="Pearson20074" /> The church was called at the time the Sainte Église celtique en ] (Holy Celtic Church in Brittany).<ref name=":05322">{{Cite book|last=Anson|first=Peter F.|title=Bishops at Large|publisher=Apocryphile press|year=2006|isbn=0-9771461-8-9|series=Independent Catholic Heritage|pages=315|chapter=Churches of the Vilatte succession|orig-year=1964}}</ref>
In 1998 several of the priests of the ] who had become priests in the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate of Alexandria left the wider Orthodox communion and chose to return to the independent movement. Eventually most of them were received by Mar Mael and L'Eglise Orthodox Celtique, though some joined other independent groups.


=== Death of the founder to today ===
By 1998 the Church in Britain was given the status of an Eparchy or Province and in 1999 a new Bishop Eparch (Stephen Robson) was elected and consecrated for Britain; he had been one of those British priests who had chosen to leave the Coptic Orthodox Patriarchate.
On 11 August 1968, Danyel died. After his death, his hermitage was abandoned.<ref name="Pearson20074" />


In 1977, three monks who were from an abbaye in ] founded by a Celtic Orthodox priest, Paul-Edouard de Fournier de Brescia in 1973, came to the hermitage and built a church on the site.<ref name="Pearson20074" />
In early 2007 the status of the British Eparchy of the Celtic Orthodox Church became unclear. The Eparch, Bishop Stephen, asked for release from the COC and is said to have sought entry to the Episcopal Vicariate of Great Britain and Ireland under Bishop Basil of Amphipolis (]).


By 1979, the Celtic Orthodox Church was part of the ] of ].<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=Mayer|first=Jean-François|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Wevtvpdkul0C&dq=The+divine+liturgy+for+the+celebration+of+the+Holy+Eucharist+according+to+the+Glastonbury+rite%2C+commonly+called+the+liturgy+of+Saint+Joseph+of+Arimathea&pg=PA211|title=Regards sur l'orthodoxie : mélanges offerts à Jacques Goudet|date=1997|publisher=L'AGE D'HOMME|isbn=978-2-8251-1079-9|editor-last=Ivanoff-Trinadtzaty|editor-first=Germain|pages=211|language=fr|chapter=L'Orthodoxie doit-elle être byzantine ? Les tentatives de création d'une Orthodoxie de rite occidental}}</ref>
It is not known how many British clergy remain within the Celtic Orthodox Church, now directly administered by the French Eparchy. (The French website notes they are awaiting a new address, in the contact details of the British Eparchy.)


Paul-Edouard Fournier de Brescia was consecrated bishop under the name Mael in 1980 by the ] of the Celtic Orthodox Church, bishop ].<ref name=":0" />
Bishop Stephen hit the national newspapers in February 2007, by performing an Orthodox baptism in a public house.<ref></ref>

The Orthodox Church of the British Isles and the Celtic Orthodox Church split in 1994, when under Mar Seraphim (William Henry Hugo Newman-Norton) the Orthodox Church of the British Isles joined the ] and changed its name to ].<ref name="Pearson200743">{{cite book|last=Pearson|first=Joanne|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Au_paUclEZkC&pg=PA166|title=Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic|date=27 June 2007|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-25413-7|pages=53|accessdate=9 November 2012}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> The Celtic Orthodox Church and some other groups previously under the Orthodox Church of the British Isles remained independent.<ref name=":1" />

With the departure of Mar Seraphim, the Celtic Orthodox Church had no primate. Mael was elected primate of the Celtic Orthodox Church by its ] in 1994 and remained as such until his death in 2014.<ref name="Pearson20074" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=johnkersey|date=2014-07-28|title=Death of Mgr. Mael|url=https://san-luigi.org/2014/07/28/death-of-mgr-mael/|access-date=2021-10-24|website=The Abbey-Principality of San Luigi|language=en}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Naissance au Ciel de notre père, Mgr Mael|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/fileadmin/template/eoc/upload/documents/Vie_pere_Mael.pdf|url-status=live|website=eoc-coc.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422161301/http://www.eoc-coc.org/fileadmin/template/eoc/upload/documents/Vie_pere_Mael.pdf |archive-date=2021-04-22 }}</ref> The current primate is since 2014 Metropolitan Marc (Jean Claude Scheerens).<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Qui sommes-nous ?|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/accueil/qui-sommes-nous/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210422165954/http://www.eoc-coc.org/accueil/qui-sommes-nous/|archive-date=22 April 2021|access-date=2021-12-07|website=www.eoc-coc.org}}</ref>

In 1996, the Celtic Orthodox Church ] Danyel, its founder.<ref name="Pearson20074" />

== Dioceses ==
The Celtic Orthodox Church has two ], France and the United States.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> The group currently has two bishops and nine ]es and is present in France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|title=France|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/ou-nous-trouver/france/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=www.eoc-coc.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|title=Angleterre|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/ou-nous-trouver/angleterre/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=www.eoc-coc.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Suisse|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/ou-nous-trouver/suisse/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=www.eoc-coc.org}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite web|title=U.S.A.|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/ou-nous-trouver/usa/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=www.eoc-coc.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Australie|url=http://www.eoc-coc.org/ou-nous-trouver/australie/|access-date=2021-12-06|website=www.eoc-coc.org}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
*] *]
*]


==References== ==References==
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==External links== ==External links==
*
* (no longer active)

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{{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 06:35, 23 October 2024

Autocephalous Christian church

The Celtic Orthodox Church (COC; French: Église orthodoxe celtique), also called the Holy Celtic Church, is an autocephalous Christian church founded in the 20th century in France.

Since 25 December 2007, the Celtic Orthodox Church has been in communion with the French Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of the Gauls, forming the Communion of Western Orthodox Churches (CWOC).

The Celtic Orthodox Church claims to be part of the Jules Ferrette episcopal succession line.

History

Foundation

The Celtic Orthodox Church was founded in the 20th century by Jean-Pierre Danyel [fr]. He was ordained priest by the Mariavite bishop of France in 1951, after failing to obtain an ordination from any Russian, Romanian or Greek Eastern Orthodox bishop. However, he doubted the Eastern Orthodox and Catholic churches would recognize the validity of his ordination. Thus, he "received all the orders again on 1 March 1953" from Metropolitan Lutgen of Antwerp of the Église catholique du rite dominicain. Lutgen had received his episcopal consecration from Hugh George de Willmott Newman. After this, Danyel decided to work to restore the ancient Celtic Church of Brittany and took the name of one of the Christian founding saints of Brittany, Tugdual.

Danyel founded the Abbaye de la Saint Présence at Bois-Juhel, Saint-Dolay, "where he lived as an hermit in emulation of the ancient Celtic monks". He "soon attracted disciples" and was elected as the first bishop of the restored Celtic Church. He was consecrated bishop in 1957 by Archbishop Irenaeus of Arles (Comte Charles-Borromée d'Eschevannes), primate of the Sainte Église catholique Gallicane autocéphale. Danyel received the title of "Bishop of Redon". On 19 December 1959, Danyel proclaimed himself metropolitan under the title Tugdual I, Archbishop of Dôl. Danyel "revived Druidic rites" and added to his title "Sa Blancheur l'Humble" ("His Whiteness the Humble") which he claimed was of Druidic origin. His full title was therefore: "His Whiteness the Humble Tugdual I, Archbishop of Dôl, Abbot of Saint-Dolay, Kayermo and Keroussek, primate of the Holy Celtic Church, President of all the non-Roman Christian and Apostolic Churches".

In 1963 or 1964, the organisation consisted of 10 bishops and two to three lay people. The church was called at the time the Sainte Église celtique en Bretagne (Holy Celtic Church in Brittany).

Death of the founder to today

On 11 August 1968, Danyel died. After his death, his hermitage was abandoned.

In 1977, three monks who were from an abbaye in Montpellier founded by a Celtic Orthodox priest, Paul-Edouard de Fournier de Brescia in 1973, came to the hermitage and built a church on the site.

By 1979, the Celtic Orthodox Church was part of the Orthodox Church of the British Isles of William Henry Hugo Newman-Norton.

Paul-Edouard Fournier de Brescia was consecrated bishop under the name Mael in 1980 by the primate of the Celtic Orthodox Church, bishop Seraphim (Norton-Newman).

The Orthodox Church of the British Isles and the Celtic Orthodox Church split in 1994, when under Mar Seraphim (William Henry Hugo Newman-Norton) the Orthodox Church of the British Isles joined the Coptic Orthodox Church and changed its name to British Orthodox Church. The Celtic Orthodox Church and some other groups previously under the Orthodox Church of the British Isles remained independent.

With the departure of Mar Seraphim, the Celtic Orthodox Church had no primate. Mael was elected primate of the Celtic Orthodox Church by its Holy Synod in 1994 and remained as such until his death in 2014. The current primate is since 2014 Metropolitan Marc (Jean Claude Scheerens).

In 1996, the Celtic Orthodox Church canonised Danyel, its founder.

Dioceses

The Celtic Orthodox Church has two eparchies, France and the United States. The group currently has two bishops and nine parishes and is present in France, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia.

See also

References

  1. ^ Pearson, Joanne (27 June 2007). Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic. Taylor & Francis. pp. 51–2. ISBN 978-0-415-25413-7. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  2. "Succession apostolique dans l'Église Orthodoxe Celtique". Eglise Orthodoxe Celtique, éparchie de Suisse. Archived from the original on 2008-10-30. Retrieved 2021-10-27.
  3. Anson, Peter F. (2006) . "Churches of the Vilatte succession". Bishops at Large. Independent Catholic Heritage. Apocryphile press. p. 315. ISBN 0-9771461-8-9.
  4. ^ Mayer, Jean-François (1997). "L'Orthodoxie doit-elle être byzantine ? Les tentatives de création d'une Orthodoxie de rite occidental". In Ivanoff-Trinadtzaty, Germain (ed.). Regards sur l'orthodoxie : mélanges offerts à Jacques Goudet (in French). L'AGE D'HOMME. p. 211. ISBN 978-2-8251-1079-9.
  5. ^ "Naissance au Ciel de notre père, Mgr Mael" (PDF). eoc-coc.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-22.
  6. Pearson, Joanne (27 June 2007). Wicca and the Christian Heritage: ritual, sex and magic. Taylor & Francis. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-415-25413-7. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  7. johnkersey (2014-07-28). "Death of Mgr. Mael". The Abbey-Principality of San Luigi. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
  8. ^ "France". www.eoc-coc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  9. "Qui sommes-nous ?". www.eoc-coc.org. Archived from the original on 22 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-12-07.
  10. ^ "U.S.A." www.eoc-coc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  11. "Angleterre". www.eoc-coc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  12. "Suisse". www.eoc-coc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
  13. "Australie". www.eoc-coc.org. Retrieved 2021-12-06.

External links

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