Berezin UB: Difference between revisions

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		⚫	{{Infobox weapon
	{{No footnotes\|date=June 2013}}
		⚫	\|name= UB machine gun
⚫	{{Infobox ~~Weapon~~
		⚫	\| image= 12.7mm Berezin UB.jpg
⚫	\|name= UB machine gun ~~(likely UBK — wing version)~~
			\| image_size = 300
⚫	\|image=]
	\|caption= UBS machine gun on display at the ]		\|caption= UBS machine gun on display at the ]
	\|origin=~~{{flagcountry\|~~Soviet Union}}		\|origin= Soviet Union
	\|type= ]		\|type= ]
	<!-- Type selection -->		<!-- Type selection -->
	\|is_ranged=yes		\|is_ranged=yes
	<!-- Service history -->		<!-- Service history -->
	\|service=		\|service=
	\|used_by= ~~{{flagcountry\|~~Soviet Union}}		\|used_by= Soviet Union
	\|wars= ]		\|wars= ]
	<!-- Production history -->		<!-- Production history -->
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	\|unit_cost=		\|unit_cost=
	\|production_date=		\|production_date=
	\|number=		\|number=
	\|variants=		\|variants=
	<!-- General specifications -->		<!-- General specifications -->
	\|weight={{convert\|21.5\|kg\|1\|sp=us}}		\|weight={{convert\|21.45\|kg\|1\|sp=us}} (UBS)<br>{{convert\|21.14\|kg\|1\|sp=us}} (UBK)<br>{{convert\|21.43\|kg\|1\|sp=us}} (UBT)
			\|length={{convert\|1347\|mm\|in\|1\|abbr=on}} (UBS, UBK)<br>{{convert\|1397\|mm\|in\|1\|abbr=on}} (UBT)
	\|length=
	\|part_length=		\|part_length={{convert\|890\|mm\|in\|1\|abbr=on}}
	\|width=		\|width=
	<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->		<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
	\|cartridge=		\|cartridge= ]
	\|cartridge= ]
	\|action= ]		\|action= ]
			\|rate= 800–1050 RPM<br>(700-800 ] UBS)
	\|rate= 800-1050 RPM
	\|velocity={{convert\|814~~\|-\|850~~\|m/s\|ft/s\|abbr=on}}		\|velocity= {{convert\|814\|m/s\|ft/s\|abbr=on}}
	\|range=		\|range=
	\|max_range=		\|max_range=
	\|feed= Belt		\|feed= ]
	\|sights= Iron		\|sights= ]
	}}		}}

	'''Berezin UB''' (УБ - Универсальный Березина~~, Universalni Berezina,~~ Berezin's Universal) was a ] ] aircraft ] widely used during ].		The '''Berezin UB''' ({{langx\|ru\|УБ - Универсальный Березина}}) (''Berezin's Universal'') was a ] ] aircraft ] widely used during ].

	==Development==		==Development==
	]		]
	]		]
	]		]

	In 1937, ] began designing a new large-caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12.7 mm round used by infantry machine guns. The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation '''BS''' (Березин Синхронный, Berezin Sinkhronniy, Berezin Synchronized). The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft. While a successful design, BS was not without its faults, the biggest being its cable-operated charging which required considerable physical strength. Continued development resulted in the improved '''UB''' which came in three versions: '''UBK''' (Kрыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), '''UBS''' (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and '''UBT''' (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the start of the ].		In 1937, {{ill\|Mikhail Berezin\|ru\|Березин, Михаил Евгеньевич}} began designing a new large-caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12.7 mm round used by infantry machine guns. The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation '''BS''' (Березин Синхронный, Berezin Sinkhronniy, Berezin Synchronized). The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft. While a successful design, BS was not without its faults, the biggest being its cable-operated charging which required considerable physical strength.

			Continued development resulted in the improved '''UB''' which came in three versions: '''UBK''' (Крыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), '''UBS''' (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and '''UBT''' (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the ].

	==Description==		==Description==
	The Berezin UB is a ] air-cooled ] chambered to the Soviet ] infantry machine gun round. Ammunition is supplied via a ] with a unique system in which each new round helps to extract the spent cartridge. Another unusual feature is that the belt is advanced during the return of the moving portion of the gun and not during the recoil. Turret installations were charged manually, while wing and synchronized versions utilized pneumatic charging.		The Berezin UB is a ] air-cooled ] chambered for the Soviet ] infantry machine gun round. Ammunition is supplied via a ] with a unique system in which each new round helps to extract the spent cartridge. Another unusual feature is that the belt is advanced during the return of the moving portion of the gun and not during the recoil. Turret installations were charged manually, while wing and synchronized versions utilized pneumatic charging.

	The UB in all variants was used by the vast majority of Soviet military aircraft of ].		The UB in all variants was used by the vast majority of Soviet military aircraft of ].
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	==Production==		==Production==
	The following production numbers could be found in the Soviet archives:<ref>Shirokograd, p. 118; no number given for 1942</ref>		The following production numbers could be found in the Soviet archives:<ref name=":0">Shirokograd, p. 118; no number given for 1942</ref>
	* 1941 — 6,300		* 1941 — 6,300
	* 1943 — 43,690		* 1943 — 43,690
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	==Influences==		==Influences==
	The ] used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.<ref~~>Chinn,~~ p. ~~96<~~/~~ref~~>		The ] autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.<ref name=":0" />

			The ] autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.<ref>Chinn, p. 96</ref>

	==Notes==		==Notes==
	{{reflist}}		{{reflist}}

		⚫	==See also==
		⚫	* ]
		⚫	* ]

	==References==		==References==
	* Широкоград А.Б. (2001) ''История авиационного вооружения'' Харвест (Shirokograd A.B. (2001) ''Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia'' Harvest. ISBN 985-433-695-6) (''History of aircraft armament'')		* Широкоград А.Б. (2001) ''История авиационного вооружения'' Харвест (Shirokograd A.B. (2001) ''Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia'' Harvest. {{ISBN\|985-433-695-6}}) (''History of aircraft armament'')
	*{{cite book		*{{cite book
	\| last = Koll		\| last = Koll
	\| first = Christian		\| first = Christian
	\| authorlink =
	\| coauthors =
	\| title = Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm		\| title = Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm
	\| publisher = Koll		\| publisher = Koll
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	\| location = Austria		\| location = Austria
	\| url = http://www.russianammo.org		\| url = http://www.russianammo.org
	\| doi =		\| doi =
	\| id = ~~ISBN~~ 978-3-200-01445-9		\| isbn = 978-3-200-01445-9
	\| page = 58 }}		\| page = 58 }}
	* Chinn, George M. The Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952		* ] The Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952

	==~~Related~~ ~~content~~==		==External links==
			{{Commons category\|UB machine gun}}
	'''Related developments:'''
	* ] autocannon

	'''Similar weapons:'''
⚫	* ]

⚫	==See also==
⚫	* ]

	{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}		{{Russian and Soviet Aircraft Ordnance}}
	{{Aviation lists}}

	]		]
	]
	]		]
	]		]
			]
			]

Latest revision as of 17:06, 24 October 2024

Machine gun

UB machine gun
UBS machine gun on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center
Type	Machine gun
Place of origin	Soviet Union
Service history
Used by	Soviet Union
Wars	World War II
Production history
Designer	Mikhail Yevgenyevich Berezin
Designed	1937–39
Specifications
Mass	21.45 kilograms (47.3 lb) (UBS) 21.14 kilograms (46.6 lb) (UBK) 21.43 kilograms (47.2 lb) (UBT)
Length	1,347 mm (53.0 in) (UBS, UBK) 1,397 mm (55.0 in) (UBT)
Barrel length	890 mm (35.0 in)

Cartridge	12.7×108mm
Action	Gas
Rate of fire	800–1050 RPM (700-800 synchronized UBS)
Muzzle velocity	814 m/s (2,670 ft/s)
Feed system	Belt-fed
Sights	Iron sights

The Berezin UB (Russian: УБ - Универсальный Березина) (Berezin's Universal) was a 12.7 mm caliber Soviet aircraft machine gun widely used during World War II.

Development

UBK

UBS

UBT

In 1937, Mikhail Berezin [ru] began designing a new large-caliber aircraft machine gun chambered to the 12.7 mm round used by infantry machine guns. The new design passed factory trials in 1938 and was accepted into service in 1939 under the designation BS (Березин Синхронный, Berezin Sinkhronniy, Berezin Synchronized). The rate of fire made it well suited for use as defensive armament in aircraft. While a successful design, BS was not without its faults, the biggest being its cable-operated charging which required considerable physical strength.

Continued development resulted in the improved UB which came in three versions: UBK (Крыльевой, Krylyevoi, for the wings), UBS (Синхронный, Sinkhronniy, Synchronized), and UBT (Турельный, Turelniy, for the turret), with UBS and UBK charged by compressed air. The UB was accepted into service on April 22, 1941, just two months before the German invasion of the Soviet Union.

Description

The Berezin UB is a gas-operated air-cooled machine gun chambered for the Soviet 12.7×108mm infantry machine gun round. Ammunition is supplied via a disintegrating link belt with a unique system in which each new round helps to extract the spent cartridge. Another unusual feature is that the belt is advanced during the return of the moving portion of the gun and not during the recoil. Turret installations were charged manually, while wing and synchronized versions utilized pneumatic charging.

The UB in all variants was used by the vast majority of Soviet military aircraft of World War II.

A declassified 1952 US intelligence report notes that: "The Shkas was a comparatively intricate and well finished gun, the cost of which necessitated that it be kept in operating condition as long as possible by repair and replacement of parts. In contrast to the Shkas, the Beresin was deliberately expendable, that is, the Soviets' plan was to discard the entire gun after a short period of use during which one or another of the principal operating mechanisms became worn or broken." The same report notes that: "The design of the Beresin machine gun was greatly influenced by a captured Lahti 20-mm machine cannon; many features of the Finnish gun appear in all models of the Beresin."

Production

The following production numbers could be found in the Soviet archives:

1941 — 6,300
1943 — 43,690
1944 — 38,340
1945 — 42,952

Influences

The Berezin B-20 autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.

The Volkov-Yartsev VYa-23 autocannon used an upscaled version of the UB mechanism.

Notes

Chinn, p. 94
^ Shirokograd, p. 118; no number given for 1942
Chinn, p. 96

References

Широкоград А.Б. (2001) История авиационного вооружения Харвест (Shirokograd A.B. (2001) Istorya aviatsionnogo vooruzhenia Harvest. ISBN 985-433-695-6) (History of aircraft armament)
Koll, Christian (2009). Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm. Austria: Koll. p. 58. ISBN 978-3-200-01445-9.
Chinn, George M. The Machine Gun, Vol II, Part VII. US Department of the Navy, 1952

External links

Russian and former Soviet aircraft ordnance

Missiles

Air-to-air	K-5 R-3 R-8 R-38 R-4 R-40 R-23 R-60 R-33 R-27 R-73 R-77 R-37
Air-to-surface	Kh-23 Kh-25 Kh-28 Kh-29 Kh-45 Kh-58 Kh-59 LMUR
Anti-ship, cruise	KS-1 K-10S Kh-20 Kh-22 KSR-2 KSR-5 Kh-55 Kh-15 Kh-31 Kh-35 Kh-45 Kh-90
Anti-tank	3M6 Shmel 9M17 Fleyta 9M14 Malyutka 9K114 Shturm 9M120 Ataka 9K121 Vikhr

Rockets

Aerial bombs

Autocannons,
machine guns

7.62 mm	SIBEMAS PV-1 DA ShKAS Savin–Norov GShG-7.62
12.7 mm	ShVAK 12.7 mm Berezin UB Afanasev A-12.7 YakB-12.7
20 mm	Sh-3 ShVAK 20 mm Berezin B-20
23 mm	VYa-23 NS-23 NR-23 AM-23 R-23 GSh-23 GSh-6-23
30 mm	NR-30 GSh-30-1 GSh-30-2 GSh-6-30 2A42
37 mm	Sh-37 NS-37 N-37
45 mm	NS-45
57 mm	N-57/OKB-16-57 RShR-57/OKB-15-57

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