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{{Short description|Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem}}
{{pp-30-500|small=yes}} {{pp-30-500|small=yes}}
] ]
] ]
'''Pisgat Ze'ev''' ({{lang-he|פסגת זאב}}, lit. ''Ze'ev's Peak'') is an ] in ]<ref name=Clarnop210>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5QzkJ0vpKYC&pg=PA210 |title=The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel|author=Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan|publisher=ProQuest|year=2009|ISBN= 978-1-109-11520-8}}</ref> and the largest residential neighborhood in ] with a population of over 50,000.<ref> at GoJerusalem.com</ref> Pisgat Ze'ev was established by ] as one of the city's five ] on land ] after the 1967 ]. The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem ], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |accessdate=27 November 2010 }}</ref> '''Pisgat Ze'ev''' ({{langx|he|פסגת זאב}}, lit. ''Ze'ev's Peak'') is an ] in ]<ref name=Clarnop210>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z5QzkJ0vpKYC&pg=PA210 |title=The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel|author=Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan|year=2009|isbn= 978-1-109-11520-8}}</ref> and the largest residential neighborhood in ] with a population of over 50,000.<ref> at GoJerusalem.com</ref> Pisgat Ze'ev was established by ] as one of the city's five ] on land ] after the 1967 ].
The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem ], but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm |title=The Geneva Convention |publisher=BBC News |date=10 December 2009 |access-date=27 November 2010 }}</ref>


Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of ] and ], west of ], south of ], and north of ] and the Shuafat ]. The ] includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.<ref name=Clarnop210/> Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of ] and ], west of ], south of ], and north of ] and the Shuafat ]. The ] includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.<ref name=Clarnop210/>
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===Antiquity=== ===Antiquity===
Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to ] and the ]. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the ].<ref name=jmuni> ]</ref> Three ritual baths from the ] period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref></ref> Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to ] and the ]. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the ].<ref name=jmuni> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617014150/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |date=2011-06-17 }} ]</ref> Three ritual baths from the ] period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=https://www.academia.edu/233670|title=English|first=Yonatan|last=Adler|date=September 9, 2008|journal=Journal of Jewish Studies|volume=59|issue=1|pages=62–72|doi=10.18647/2774/JJS-2008 |via=www.academia.edu}}</ref>


The ] period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an ] and a cloth bag of 200 coins.<ref name=jmuni/> An oven and pots from the ] were also found nearby.<ref name=jmuni/> The ] period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an ] and a cloth bag of 200 coins.<ref name=jmuni/> An oven and pots from the ] were also found nearby.<ref name=jmuni/>


An archaeological site known as ''Deir Ghazali'' (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.<ref></ref> An archaeological site known as ''Deir Ghazali'' (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.iaa-conservation.org.il/Projects_Item_eng.asp?site_id=3&subject_id=10&id=126|title=Projects - Preservation|website=www.iaa-conservation.org.il}}</ref>


Overlooking the neighborhood is ], believed to be the capital of the ] and site of the Israelite King ]'s palace. King ] also began ] there.<ref name=jmuni/> Overlooking the neighborhood is ], believed to be the capital of the ] and site of the Israelite King ]'s palace. King ] began ] there in the mid-1960s.<ref name=jmuni/><ref>Marshall J. Berger; Ora Ahimeir (2002). ''Jerusalem: a city and its future''. Syracuse University Press. p. 185. {{ISBN|978-0-8156-2913-9}}. Retrieved 23 December 2010.</ref>


===Modern era=== ===Modern era===
In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near ] by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the ]. The land was later expropriated along with Palestinian land to build Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref name= "HzPZ">]]</ref> In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near ] by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the ]. The land was later expropriated along with Palestinian land to build Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref name= "HzPZ">, '']''</ref>

⚫ Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land ] after the 1967 ] as one of the city's five ], meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with ] in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, ''Ras at-Tawill'', but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the ] leader, ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |title=Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2009-07-13 |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617014150/http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |archive-date=2011-06-17 }}</ref>

According to ], Israel ] land from several surrounding ] communities in order to construct Pisgat Ze'ev:


*1,458 ]s from ],<ref name="ARIJ14">, 2013, pp. 13-14</ref>
⚫ Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land ] after the 1967 ] as one of the city's five ], meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with ] in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, ''Ras at-Tawill'', but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the ] leader, ].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_sys/picture/atarim/site_form_atar_eng.asp?site_id=2277&pic_cat=4&icon_cat=6&york_cat=9&type_id=197 |title=Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev |last= |first= |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2009-07-13 |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality}}</ref>
*686 dunams from ] for the Pisgat Amir neighbourhood in Pisgat Ze'ev,<ref name="ARIJ14" />
*239 dunams from ],<ref name="ARIJp14">, 2013 p. 14</ref>
*89 dunams from ].<ref name=ARIJ_Hizma>, 2012, p. 17</ref>


In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian ]. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a ] and a ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://google.com/search?q=cache:GIwL0IQ06LoJ:www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nightmare-images-from-a-jerusalem-commuters-bus-538717.html+street+names+pisgat+zeev&cd=31&hl=en&ct=clnk |title=Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus |last=Silver |first=Eric |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-19 |publisher=]}}</ref> One of the victims was a resident of the ] refugee camp, on his way to work at the ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/19918/rich-poor-arab-jew-terror-kills-without-prejudice/ |title=Rich, poor, Arab, Jew&nbsp;— Terror kills without prejudice |last=Sedan |first=Gil |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-23 |publisher=Jweekly.com}}</ref> In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian ]. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a ] and a ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nightmare-images-from-a-jerusalem-commuters-bus-538717.html |title=Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus |last=Silver |first=Eric |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-19 |work=]}}</ref> One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the ] in ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jweekly.com/article/full/19918/rich-poor-arab-jew-terror-kills-without-prejudice/ |title=Rich, poor, Arab, Jew&nbsp;— Terror kills without prejudice |last=Sedan |first=Gil |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2003-05-23 |publisher=Jweekly.com}}</ref>


==Geography== ==Geography==
] ]
The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as ''Ras at-Tawill'', 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of ] and ], west of ], south of ], and north of ], ] and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the ] on the edge of the ]. The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as ''Ras at-Tawill'', 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of ] and ], west of ], south of ], and north of ], ] and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the ] on the edge of the ].


==Demographics== ==Demographics==
Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews.<ref name=jmuni/> The construction of the ] has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20060508-120655-8112r.htm |title=Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town |last=Mitnick |first=Joshua |accessdate=2010-03-30 |date=2006-05-08 |publisher=]}}</ref> In 2007, Pisgat Zeev was reported to have 42,000 residents, about 1,300 of which were Arabs.<ref></ref> In 2017, Pisgat Zeev had a population of 42,300.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://jerusaleminstitute.org.il/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/PUB_505_facts-and-trends_eng_2019_web.pdf|title=Jerusalem Facts and Trends|year=2019|author1=Korach, Michal|author2=Choshen, Maya|publisher=]|page=21|access-date=February 26, 2020}}</ref> In 2007 it was reported to have about 1,300 of which were Arabs.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/israel/holy-city-twist-arabs-moving-into-jewish-areas|title=Holy City twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews.<ref name="jmuni" /> The construction of the ] has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/world/20060508-120655-8112r.htm |title=Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town |last=Mitnick |first=Joshua |access-date=2010-03-30 |date=2006-05-08 |publisher=]}}</ref>


==Status under international law== ==Status under international law==
{{main|International law and Israeli settlements}} {{Main|International law and Israeli settlements}}
The international community considers Israeli settlements in the ], including East Jerusalem, to violate the ]'s prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into occupied territory and thus illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4"/><ref> BBC News. 19 December 2003</ref> Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the ] and the ].<ref> International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45</ref><ref> B'Tselem</ref> The international community considers Israeli settlements in the ], including East Jerusalem, to violate the ]'s prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into occupied territory and thus illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.<ref name="BBC_GC4"/><ref> BBC News. 19 December 2003</ref> Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the ] and the ].<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100706021237/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/131/1671.pdf |date=2010-07-06 }} International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45</ref><ref> B'Tselem</ref>


==Schools and public buildings== ==Schools and public buildings==
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==Transportation== ==Transportation==
] Boulevard, beginning at ] in the south and ending in ] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets">{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=/jer_sys/pro/rehovot/rehovot0.html&cont=229 |title=Information about Jerusalem Street Names |publisher=Jurusalem Municipality |accessdate=2012-02-03}}{{he_icon}}</ref> It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the ]. ] Boulevard, beginning at ] in the south and ending in ] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets">{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=/jer_sys/pro/rehovot/rehovot0.html&cont=229 |title=Information about Jerusalem Street Names |publisher=Jerusalem Municipality |access-date=2012-02-03|language=he}}</ref> It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the ].


Pisgat Ze'ev is located on the ] line. Pisgat Ze'ev Center is two stations away from the northern terminus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypass.co.il/english/cut/linemap_allstsn_2haavir_s2.pdf|title=Route Map}}</ref> Pisgat Ze'ev is located on the ] line. Pisgat Ze'ev Center is two stations away from the northern terminus.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.citypass.co.il/english/cut/linemap_allstsn_2haavir_s2.pdf|title=Route Map|access-date=2014-11-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923204403/http://www.citypass.co.il/english/cut/linemap_allstsn_2haavir_s2.pdf|archive-date=2015-09-23|url-status=dead}}</ref>


Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as ], ], ] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for ] units that fought in the country's wars such as ] Blvd., ] St., ] St. and ] St.<ref name="streets" /> A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as ], ], ] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for ] units that fought in the country's wars such as ] Blvd., ] St., ] St. and ] St.<ref name="streets" /> A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.


===Street names=== ===Street names===
] Boulevard, beginning at ] in the south and ending in ] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets">{{cite web |url=http://www.jerusalem.muni.il/jer_main/TopSiteJeru.asp?newstr=3&src=/jer_sys/pro/rehovot/rehovot0.html&cont=229 |title=Information about Jerusalem Street Names |publisher=Jurusalem Municipality |accessdate=2012-02-03|language=he}}</ref> It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the ]. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as ], ], ] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for ] units that fought in the country's wars such as ] Blvd., ] St., ] St. and ] St.<ref name="streets" /> A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev. ] Boulevard, beginning at ] in the south and ending in ] in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general.<ref name="streets" /> It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the ]. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as ], ], ] and Meir Gershon.<ref name="streets" /> In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for ] units that fought in the country's wars such as ] Blvd., ] St., ] St. and ] St.<ref name="streets" /> A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.


==Environmental projects== ==Environmental projects==
With the help of the ] (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a {{convert|5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site used as an illegal dumping ground into a ] sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.<ref></ref> With the help of the ] (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a {{convert|5|acre|m2|adj=on}} site used as an illegal dumping ground into a ] sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.aspni.org/aspni_jerusalem.html|title=The American Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel - Jerusalem|date=February 8, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060208002008/http://www.aspni.org/aspni_jerusalem.html |archive-date=2006-02-08 }}</ref>


In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the ] in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day.<ref></ref> In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.<ref></ref> In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the ] in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/international/report-nyc-seeks-hizbullah-fugitives|title=Report: NYC seeks Hizbullah fugitives|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com}}</ref> In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=1353&ID=3493|archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120903133317/http://www.jerusalemfoundation.org/news_article.aspx?MID=547&CID=558&AID=1353&ID=3493|url-status=dead|title=Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem|archivedate=September 3, 2012}}</ref>


] ]


==See also== ==See also==
*] * ]
*] * ]
* ]
*] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* {{he icon}} * {{in lang|he}}
* Portal&nbsp;— Pisgat Ze'ev * Portal&nbsp;— Pisgat Ze'ev


{{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}} {{Neighborhoods of Jerusalem}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Coord|31|49|30|N|35|14|30|E |region:IL_type:city |display=title}} {{Coord|31|49|30|N|35|14|30|E |region:IL_type:city |display=title}}


] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 04:30, 25 October 2024

Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem

View of Pisgat Ze'ev Mall (left) and Community Center (right foreground) on Moshe Dayan Boulevard
Map showing Pisgat Ze'ev and other Jewish (in blue) and Arab (in green) localities in East Jerusalem and the West Bank; the 1949 armistice line is in green, the boundary of East Jerusalem in red, and the pre-1967 border of the East Jerusalem Municipality in brown.

Pisgat Ze'ev (Hebrew: פסגת זאב, lit. Ze'ev's Peak) is an Israeli settlement in East Jerusalem and the largest residential neighborhood in Jerusalem with a population of over 50,000. Pisgat Ze'ev was established by Israel as one of the city's five Ring Neighborhoods on land effectively annexed after the 1967 Six-Day War.

The international community considers Israeli settlements in East Jerusalem illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this.

Pisgat Ze'ev is situated east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. The Israeli West Bank barrier includes Pisgat Ze'ev in the northern section of Jerusalem while excluding Shuafat refugee camp from the city by running in an S-shape here.

History

Pisgat Ze'ev
Jerusalem Light Rail running through Pisgat Ze'ev

Antiquity

Archeological evidence shows that in the biblical period, the site encompassed small agricultural villages along routes north from Jerusalem to Nablus and the Galilee. The villages made use of varied water-catchment strategies and served the needs of Israelite Jerusalem, including as a major producer of wine and oil for use in the Temple in Jerusalem. Three ritual baths from the Second Temple period have been excavated in Pisgat Ze'ev.

The Byzantine period saw the villages' primary use shift from agriculture to service religious functions, such as churches and monasteries. A large monastery from the period was located at the site's highest point, Ras at-Tawill. The monastery was likely active from the end of the 5th century to the close of the 8th century, and included a mosaic-floored chapel above a burial cave, as well as an oil press and a cloth bag of 200 coins. An oven and pots from the Iron Age were also found nearby.

An archaeological site known as Deir Ghazali (the Deer Monastery) was also excavated in eastern Pisgat Ze’ev.

Overlooking the neighborhood is Tell el-Ful, believed to be the capital of the Tribe of Judah and site of the Israelite King Saul's palace. King Hussein of Jordan began constructing a palace there in the mid-1960s.

Modern era

In the 1930s, plots of land were purchased near Hizme by European Jews for the establishment of a Jewish farming cooperative, Havatzelet Binyamin. Most of the landowners died in the Holocaust. The land was later expropriated along with Palestinian land to build Pisgat Ze'ev.

Pisgat Ze'ev was established in 1982 on land annexed to Israel after the 1967 Six-Day War as one of the city's five Ring Neighborhoods, meant to create a contiguous Jewish link with Neve Yaakov in the city's north, which had been isolated from other Jewish areas. The original name proposal was "Pisgat Tal," based on the Arabic name of the hilltop where construction was to begin, Ras at-Tawill, but the final choice was Pisgat Ze'ev, after the Revisionist Zionist leader, Ze'ev Jabotinsky.

According to ARIJ, Israel confiscated land from several surrounding Palestinian communities in order to construct Pisgat Ze'ev:

In May 2003, a public bus leaving the Pisgat Ze'ev terminus was blown up by a Palestinian suicide bomber. Seven people were killed in the attack and dozens were wounded. The police said the bomber boarded the bus disguised as a religious Jew, wearing a kippa and a prayer shawl. One of the victims was a resident of the Shuafat refugee camp, on his way to work at the Hadassah Medical Center in Ein Kerem.

Geography

Great Synagogue, Pisgat Ze'ev

The neighborhood was established on a hilltop known in Arabic as Ras at-Tawill, 772 meters above sea level, and its additional construction phases descend along the ridge and up to a neighboring hill. Pisgat Ze'ev has five districts: Center (1984), West (1988), East and North (1990), and South (1998). Pisgat Ze'ev is situated in north Jerusalem to the east of Shuafat and Beit Hanina, west of Hizma, south of Neve Yaakov, and north of French Hill, 'Anata and the Shuafat refugee camp. It is due east of the watershed on the edge of the Judean Desert.

Demographics

In 2017, Pisgat Zeev had a population of 42,300. In 2007 it was reported to have about 1,300 of which were Arabs. Many residents of Pisgat Ze'ev are Jerusalem families that left the city center in search of more affordable housing. Pisgat Ze'ev has a mixed population of religious and secular Jews. The construction of the Israeli West Bank barrier has also prompted Arabs to move to Pisgat Ze'ev.

Status under international law

Main article: International law and Israeli settlements

The international community considers Israeli settlements in the Israeli-occupied territories, including East Jerusalem, to violate the Fourth Geneva Convention's prohibition on the transfer of a civilian population into occupied territory and thus illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. Israel disputes that the Fourth Geneva Convention applies to these territories as they had not been legally held by a sovereign prior to Israel taking control of them. This view has been rejected by the International Court of Justice and the International Committee of the Red Cross.

Schools and public buildings

With 40 percent of the residents under the age of 21, Pisgat Ze'ev has 58 kindergartens, 9 elementary schools, 2 middle schools and 3 high schools. There are also 22 synagogues and 2 libraries.

Transportation

Moshe Dayan Boulevard, beginning at Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine) in the south and ending in Neve Yaakov in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general. It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the Pisga Mall.

Pisgat Ze'ev is located on the Jerusalem Light Rail line. Pisgat Ze'ev Center is two stations away from the northern terminus.

Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as Simcha Holtzberg, Moshe Rachmilewitz, Eliyahu Meridor and Meir Gershon. In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for Israel Defense Forces units that fought in the country's wars such as Sayeret Duchifat Blvd., HaSayeret HaYerushalmit St., Sayeret Golani St. and Hel HaAvir St. A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.

Street names

Moshe Dayan Boulevard, beginning at Highway 1 (Israel/Palestine) in the south and ending in Neve Yaakov in the north, is named after the famed Israeli Army general. It is Pisgat Ze'ev's major commercial thoroughfare, including many shops, eateries and the Pisga Mall. Many of the street names in Pisgat Ze'ev commemorate leading Israeli personalities such as Simcha Holtzberg, Moshe Rachmilewitz, Eliyahu Meridor and Meir Gershon. In the center of Pisgat Ze'ev, many streets are named for Israel Defense Forces units that fought in the country's wars such as Sayeret Duchifat Blvd., HaSayeret HaYerushalmit St., Sayeret Golani St. and Hel HaAvir St. A memorial for fallen soldiers is located in an archeological park in central Pisgat Ze'ev.

Environmental projects

With the help of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel (SPNI), the residents of Pisgat Ze'ev transformed a 5-acre (20,000 m) site used as an illegal dumping ground into a wildflower sanctuary with over 55 species of trees and plants.

In 2011, an innovative water-recycling project was introduced at the ritual bath in Pisgat Ze'ev which will make it unnecessary to change the water every day. In 2011, rainwater collection tanks were installed at the Pisgat Ze'ev (West) school in a project designed to conserve water organized by the Green Network, which specializes in educational programming in ecology and the environment.

Pisgat Ze'ev East

See also

References

  1. ^ Andrew James Clarno, University of Michigan (2009). The empire's new walls: Sovereignty, neo-liberalism, and the production of space in post-apartheid South Africa and post-Oslo Palestine/Israel. ISBN 978-1-109-11520-8.
  2. Pisgat Ze'ev at GoJerusalem.com
  3. ^ "The Geneva Convention". BBC News. 10 December 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2010.
  4. ^ Pisgat Ze'ev Archived 2011-06-17 at the Wayback Machine Jerusalem Municipality
  5. Adler, Yonatan (September 9, 2008). "English". Journal of Jewish Studies. 59 (1): 62–72. doi:10.18647/2774/JJS-2008 – via www.academia.edu.
  6. "Projects - Preservation". www.iaa-conservation.org.il.
  7. Marshall J. Berger; Ora Ahimeir (2002). Jerusalem: a city and its future. Syracuse University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-8156-2913-9. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  8. Much of Pisgat Ze'ev built on land bought by Jews who died in the Holocaust, Haaretz
  9. "Jerusalem Neighborhoods: Pisgat Ze'ev". Jerusalem Municipality. 2009-07-13. Archived from the original on 2011-06-17. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  10. ^ Beit Hanina Town Profile, 2013, pp. 13-14
  11. Shu’fat Town Profile, 2013 p. 14
  12. Hizma Village Profile, 2012, p. 17
  13. Silver, Eric (2003-05-19). "Nightmare images from a Jerusalem commuter bus". The Independent. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  14. Sedan, Gil (2003-05-23). "Rich, poor, Arab, Jew — Terror kills without prejudice". Jweekly.com. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  15. Korach, Michal; Choshen, Maya (2019). "Jerusalem Facts and Trends" (PDF). Jerusalem Institute for Policy Research. p. 21. Retrieved February 26, 2020.
  16. "Holy City twist: Arabs moving into Jewish areas". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
  17. Mitnick, Joshua (2006-05-08). "Jerusalem barrier prompts Arabs to move across town". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
  18. The settlers' struggle BBC News. 19 December 2003
  19. Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory Archived 2010-07-06 at the Wayback Machine International Court of Justice, 9 July 2004. pp. 44-45
  20. Opinion of the International Court of Justice B'Tselem
  21. ^ "Information about Jerusalem Street Names" (in Hebrew). Jerusalem Municipality. Retrieved 2012-02-03.
  22. "Route Map" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2014-11-30.
  23. "The American Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel - Jerusalem". February 8, 2006. Archived from the original on 2006-02-08.
  24. "Report: NYC seeks Hizbullah fugitives". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com.
  25. "Conserving Rain Water in Jerusalem". Archived from the original on September 3, 2012.

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