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{{Short description|Khan of Bulgaria}}
{{About|the Bulgarian ruler||Malamir (disambiguation){{!}}Malamir}} {{About|the Bulgarian ruler||Malamir (disambiguation){{!}}Malamir}}
{{Infobox Monarch | name =Malamir {{Infobox royalty | name =Malamir<br>Маламир
| title = Khan of Bulgaria<ref>Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831, Panos Sophoulis, BRILL, 2011, {{ISBN|9004206957}}, </ref><ref>Word and Power in Mediaeval Bulgaria, Ivan Biliarsky, BRILL, 2011, {{ISBN|9004191453}}, </ref><ref>''Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World'', Barbara H. Rosenwein, University of Toronto Press, 2013, {{ISBN|1442606029}}, </ref><ref>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0521815398}},</ref><ref>A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005, {{ISBN|1139448234}}, </ref>
| title = Knyaz of Bulgaria
| image = | image = Фрагмент Маламир 831-836.jpg
| caption = Column fragment with inscription about the victorious campaigns of Malamir, now in the ]
| caption =
| reign = 831–836 | reign = 831–836
| coronation = | coronation =
| predecessor = ] | predecessor = ]
| successor = ] | successor = ]
| spouse = | spouse =
| issue = | issue =
| royal house = "Krum's dynasty" (possibly ]) | royal house = ] (possibly ])
| father = ] | father = ]
| mother = | mother =
| birth_date = | birth_date =
Line 19: Line 20:
| buried = | buried =
|}} |}}
'''Malamir''' ({{lang-bg|Маламир}}) was the ruler of ] 831–836. '''Malamir''' ({{langx|bg|Маламир}}) was the ruler of ] in 831–836.


Malamir was a son of Knyaz <ref>http://www.protobulgarians.com/Statii%20ot%20drugi%20avtori/K%20Gerbov%20-%20KANAS%20-%20KNYAZ.pdf „Канасубиги” е „княз”, а не „хан ” или „кан”</ref> ] and a grandson of Knyaz ]. His name may be of Slavic origin, and is claimed to be the first Bulgar knyaz to possess a Slavic name; however another theory is that it was an Iranian name, as there is an Iranian city named ]. This has led to the speculation that his mother was a ], which cannot be proven. Malamir was a son of ] and a grandson of ]. His name may be of Slavic origin, which would make him the first Bulgar khan to possess a ]; this has led to the speculation that his mother was a ], although that cannot be proven. Another theory is that it was an Iranian name, as there is an Iranian city named ].


Malamir became ruler of Bulgaria in 831 on the death of his father Omurtag, because his older brother ] (Voin) had forfeited his right to the succession by becoming a ]. It is possible that Malamir was young and inexperienced at the time of his accession, and that affairs of state were managed by his lesser ] (''kaukhanos'') ]. Malamir became ruler of Bulgaria in 831 on the death of his father Omurtag, because his older brother ] (Voin) had forfeited his right to the succession by becoming a ]. It is possible that Malamir was young and inexperienced at the time of his accession, and that affairs of state were managed by his '']'' (''kaukhanos'') ].


About 833 Malamir executed his older brother Enravota for refusing to renounce ]. After the expiration of the original ] with the ] in 836, emperor ] ravaged the regions inside the Bulgarian frontier. The Bulgarians retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul they reached ]. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgarians annexed Philippopolis (]) and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgarian victories and others to the continuation of construction activities in and near ]. Malamir died in 836, allegedly as retribution for his execution of his older brother. About 833, Malamir executed his brother Enravota for refusing to renounce ]. After the expiration of the original ] with the ] in 836, emperor ] ravaged the regions inside the Bulgarian frontier. The Bulgarians retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul they reached ]. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgarians annexed Philippopolis (]) and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgarian victories and others to the continuation of construction activities in and near ]. Malamir died in 836, allegedly as retribution for his execution of his older brother.


In several older studies Malamir is identified with his successor ], and it is assumed that he survived until the 850s as the direct predecessor of ]. This is very unlikely, as Malamir is attested as having been succeeded by his nephew (the son of his brother ]), while ] was preceded by his father Presian I. Zlatarski resolved the problems in the fragmentary sources by determining that Malamir's unnamed nephew and successor was in fact Presian I, and Boris I was the latter's son. In several older studies, Malamir is identified with his successor ], and it is assumed that he survived until the 850s as the direct predecessor of ]. This is very unlikely, as Malamir is attested as having been succeeded by his nephew (the son of his brother ]), while ] was preceded by his father Presian I. Zlatarski resolved the problems in the fragmentary sources by determining that Malamir's unnamed nephew and successor was in fact Presian I, and Boris I was the latter's son.


The 17th century Volga Bulgar compilation '']'' (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Balamir (i.e., Malamir) as the son of Yomyrčak (i.e., Omurtag), and as the brother of Sabanša (i.e., Zvinica), who was the father of Birdžihan (i.e., Presian I). The 17th century Volga Bulgar compilation '']'' (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Balamir (i.e., Malamir) as the son of Yomyrčak (i.e., Omurtag), and as the brother of Sabanša (i.e., Zvinica), who was the father of Birdžihan (i.e., Presian I).


] on ] in the ], ] is named for Knyaz Malamir of Bulgaria. ] on ] in the ], ], is named for Khan Malamir of Bulgaria.
Malamir is also an Iranian city in the province of Lorestan, western Iran.

==Title==
"(ruler) from God", from the ] ''*su-'' and ''baga-'', i.e. ''*su-baga'' (an equivallent of the ] phrase {{lang|grc|ὁ ἐκ Θεοῦ ἄρχων}}, ''ho ek Theou archon'', which is common in Bulgar inscriptions).<ref></ref> This titulature presumably persisted until the Bulgars adopted ].<ref></ref>

There are many studies as to the ancient titles of the Bulgarian rulers. So the predecessors as long as the successors of Knyaz Malamir were comonly referred as "KANASUBIGI", that is simple a wrong and foreign transcription of "Knyaz ot Boga" ("От Бога владетел"), that should read "Kanas ut Boga".<ref>http://www.protobulgarians.com/Statii%20za%20prabaalgarite/Titlata%20kanasuvigi-final.htm</ref>

It moRe probably just means "Knyaz in(from) the God" - "KANASUBUGU" <ref>http://www.protobulgarians.com/Statii%20ot%20drugi%20avtori/K%20Gerbov%20-%20KANAS%20-%20KNYAZ.pdf „Канасубиги” е „княз”, а не „хан ” или „кан”</ref>.


== See also == == See also ==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}

*


== Sources == == Sources ==
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{{s-start}} {{s-start}}
{{succession box|before=]|title=]|after=]|years=831–836}} {{succession box|before=]|title=]|after=]|years=831–836}}
{{s-end}} {{s-end}}


{{Bulgarian monarchs}} {{Bulgarian monarchs}}


* https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/52-manasses-chronicle.jpg - The real Bulgarian title of Krum

{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME = Malamir Of Bulgaria
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Knyaz of Bulgaria
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH = 836
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Malamir Of Bulgaria}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Malamir Of Bulgaria}}
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 10:39, 29 October 2024

Khan of Bulgaria This article is about the Bulgarian ruler. For other uses, see Malamir.
Malamir
Маламир
Khan of Bulgaria
Column fragment with inscription about the victorious campaigns of Malamir, now in the National Archaeological Museum in Sofia
Reign831–836
PredecessorOmurtag
SuccessorPresian
HouseKrum's dynasty (possibly Dulo)
FatherOmurtag of Bulgaria

Malamir (Bulgarian: Маламир) was the ruler of Bulgaria in 831–836.

Malamir was a son of Omurtag and a grandson of Krum. His name may be of Slavic origin, which would make him the first Bulgar khan to possess a Slavic name; this has led to the speculation that his mother was a Slav, although that cannot be proven. Another theory is that it was an Iranian name, as there is an Iranian city named Malamir.

Malamir became ruler of Bulgaria in 831 on the death of his father Omurtag, because his older brother Enravota (Voin) had forfeited his right to the succession by becoming a Christian. It is possible that Malamir was young and inexperienced at the time of his accession, and that affairs of state were managed by his kavhan (kaukhanos) Isbul.

About 833, Malamir executed his brother Enravota for refusing to renounce Christianity. After the expiration of the original 30-year peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire in 836, emperor Theophilos ravaged the regions inside the Bulgarian frontier. The Bulgarians retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul they reached Adrianople. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgarians annexed Philippopolis (Plovdiv) and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgarian victories and others to the continuation of construction activities in and near Pliska. Malamir died in 836, allegedly as retribution for his execution of his older brother.

In several older studies, Malamir is identified with his successor Presian I, and it is assumed that he survived until the 850s as the direct predecessor of Boris I. This is very unlikely, as Malamir is attested as having been succeeded by his nephew (the son of his brother Zvinitsa), while Boris I was preceded by his father Presian I. Zlatarski resolved the problems in the fragmentary sources by determining that Malamir's unnamed nephew and successor was in fact Presian I, and Boris I was the latter's son.

The 17th century Volga Bulgar compilation Cäğfär Taríxı (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Balamir (i.e., Malamir) as the son of Yomyrčak (i.e., Omurtag), and as the brother of Sabanša (i.e., Zvinica), who was the father of Birdžihan (i.e., Presian I).

Malamir Knoll on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, is named for Khan Malamir of Bulgaria.

See also

References

  1. Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831, Panos Sophoulis, BRILL, 2011, ISBN 9004206957, pp. 71-72.
  2. Word and Power in Mediaeval Bulgaria, Ivan Biliarsky, BRILL, 2011, ISBN 9004191453, p. 211.
  3. Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, Barbara H. Rosenwein, University of Toronto Press, 2013, ISBN 1442606029, p. 160.
  4. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0521815398,pp. 162-163.
  5. A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 1139448234, p. 270.

Sources

  • Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija, Sofia 1999.
  • (primary source), Bahši Iman, Džagfar Tarihy, vol. I, Orenburg 1997.
Preceded byOmurtag Khan of Bulgaria
831–836 		Succeeded byPresian I
Bulgarian monarchs
First Empire (680–1018)
Rebels against the Byzantines
Second Empire (1185–1422)
Rebels against the Ottomans
Principality (1878–1908) and
Kingdom (1908–1946)
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