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{{Short description|Khan of Bulgaria}}
{{This|the Bulgarian ruler|Malamir (disambiguation)}} {{About|the Bulgarian ruler||Malamir (disambiguation){{!}}Malamir}}
{{Infobox royalty | name =Malamir<br>Маламир
| title = Khan of Bulgaria<ref>Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831, Panos Sophoulis, BRILL, 2011, {{ISBN|9004206957}}, </ref><ref>Word and Power in Mediaeval Bulgaria, Ivan Biliarsky, BRILL, 2011, {{ISBN|9004191453}}, </ref><ref>''Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World'', Barbara H. Rosenwein, University of Toronto Press, 2013, {{ISBN|1442606029}}, </ref><ref>Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, {{ISBN|0521815398}},</ref><ref>A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005, {{ISBN|1139448234}}, </ref>
| image = Фрагмент Маламир 831-836.jpg
| caption = Column fragment with inscription about the victorious campaigns of Malamir, now in the ]
| reign = 831–836
| coronation =
| predecessor = ]
| successor = ]
| spouse =
| issue =
| royal house = ] (possibly ])
| father = ]
| mother =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date =
| death_place =
| buried =
|}}
⚫ '''Malamir''' ({{langx|bg|Маламир}}) was the ruler of ] in 831–836.


Malamir was a son of ] and a grandson of ]. His name may be of Slavic origin, which would make him the first Bulgar khan to possess a ]; this has led to the speculation that his mother was a ], although that cannot be proven. Another theory is that it was an Iranian name, as there is an Iranian city named ].
⚫ '''Malamir''' ({{lang-bg|Маламир}}) was the ruler of ] ]&ndash;].


⚫ Malamir became ruler of Bulgaria in 831 on the death of his father Omurtag, because his older brother ] (Voin) had forfeited his right to the succession by becoming a ]. It is possible that Malamir was young and inexperienced at the time of his accession, and that affairs of state were managed by his '']'' (''kaukhanos'') ].
Malamir was a son of ] and a grandson of ]. His name is sometimes considered to be of Slavic origin, leading to the speculation that his mother was a ]. Neither assertion can be considered fact.


⚫ About 833, Malamir executed his brother Enravota for refusing to renounce ]. After the expiration of the original ] with the ] in 836, emperor ] ravaged the regions inside the Bulgarian frontier. The Bulgarians retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul they reached ]. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgarians annexed Philippopolis (]) and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgarian victories and others to the continuation of construction activities in and near ]. Malamir died in 836, allegedly as retribution for his execution of his older brother.
⚫ Malamir became ruler of Bulgaria in ] on the death of his father Omurtag, because his older brother Enravota (Voin) had forfeited his right to the succession by becoming a ]. It is possible that Malamir was young and inexperienced at the time of his accession, and that affairs of state were managed by his minister (''kaukhanos'') Isbul.


⚫ In several older studies, Malamir is identified with his successor ], and it is assumed that he survived until the 850s as the direct predecessor of ]. This is very unlikely, as Malamir is attested as having been succeeded by his nephew (the son of his brother ]), while ] was preceded by his father Presian I. Zlatarski resolved the problems in the fragmentary sources by determining that Malamir's unnamed nephew and successor was in fact Presian I, and Boris I was the latter's son.
⚫ About ] Malamir executed his older brother Enravota for refusing to renounce ]. After the expiration of the original 20-year peace treaty with the ] in ], emperor ] ravaged the regions inside the Bulgarian frontier. The Bulgarians retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul they reached ]. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgarians annexed Philippopolis (]) and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgarian victories and others to the continuation of construction activities in and near ]. Malamir died in ], allegedly as retribution for his execution of his older brother.


⚫ The 17th century Volga Bulgar compilation '']'' (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Balamir (i.e., Malamir) as the son of Yomyrčak (i.e., Omurtag), and as the brother of Sabanša (i.e., Zvinica), who was the father of Birdžihan (i.e., Presian I).
⚫ In several older studies Malamir is identified with his successor ], and it is assumed that he survived until the ] as the direct predecessor of ]. This is very unlikely, as Malamir is attested as having been succeeded by his nephew (the son of his brother Zvinica), while ] was preceded by his father Presian I. Zlatarski resolved the problems in the fragmentary sources by determining that Malamir's unnamed nephew and successor was in fact Presian I, and Boris I was the latter's son.


] on ] in the ], ], is named for Khan Malamir of Bulgaria.
⚫ The ] Volga Bulgar compilation ''Ja'far Tarikh'' (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Balamir (i.e., Malamir) as the son of Yomyrčak (i.e., Omurtag), and as the brother of Sabanša (i.e., Zvinica), who was the father of Birdžihan (i.e., Presian I).


==See also== == See also ==
*] * ]
*] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
* Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, ''Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija'', Sofia 1999. * Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, ''Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija'', Sofia 1999.
* (primary source), Bahši Iman, ''Džagfar Tarihy'', vol. I, Orenburg 1997. * (primary source), Bahši Iman, ''Džagfar Tarihy'', vol. I, Orenburg 1997.


⚫ {{s-start}}

⚫ {{succession box|before=]|title=]|after=]|years=831–836}}
⚫ {{start box}}
⚫ {{s-end}}
⚫ {{succession box|before=]|title=]|after=]|years=831&ndash;836}}
⚫ {{end box}}


{{Bulgarian monarchs}} {{Bulgarian monarchs}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Malamir Of Bulgaria}}
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Latest revision as of 10:39, 29 October 2024

Khan of Bulgaria This article is about the Bulgarian ruler. For other uses, see Malamir.
Malamir
Маламир
Khan of Bulgaria
Column fragment with inscription about the victorious campaigns of Malamir, now in the National Archaeological Museum in Sofia
Reign831–836
PredecessorOmurtag
SuccessorPresian
HouseKrum's dynasty (possibly Dulo)
FatherOmurtag of Bulgaria

Malamir (Bulgarian: Маламир) was the ruler of Bulgaria in 831–836.

Malamir was a son of Omurtag and a grandson of Krum. His name may be of Slavic origin, which would make him the first Bulgar khan to possess a Slavic name; this has led to the speculation that his mother was a Slav, although that cannot be proven. Another theory is that it was an Iranian name, as there is an Iranian city named Malamir.

Malamir became ruler of Bulgaria in 831 on the death of his father Omurtag, because his older brother Enravota (Voin) had forfeited his right to the succession by becoming a Christian. It is possible that Malamir was young and inexperienced at the time of his accession, and that affairs of state were managed by his kavhan (kaukhanos) Isbul.

About 833, Malamir executed his brother Enravota for refusing to renounce Christianity. After the expiration of the original 30-year peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire in 836, emperor Theophilos ravaged the regions inside the Bulgarian frontier. The Bulgarians retaliated, and under the leadership of Isbul they reached Adrianople. At this time, if not earlier, the Bulgarians annexed Philippopolis (Plovdiv) and its environs. Several surviving monumental inscriptions from this reign make reference to the Bulgarian victories and others to the continuation of construction activities in and near Pliska. Malamir died in 836, allegedly as retribution for his execution of his older brother.

In several older studies, Malamir is identified with his successor Presian I, and it is assumed that he survived until the 850s as the direct predecessor of Boris I. This is very unlikely, as Malamir is attested as having been succeeded by his nephew (the son of his brother Zvinitsa), while Boris I was preceded by his father Presian I. Zlatarski resolved the problems in the fragmentary sources by determining that Malamir's unnamed nephew and successor was in fact Presian I, and Boris I was the latter's son.

The 17th century Volga Bulgar compilation Cäğfär Taríxı (a work of disputed authenticity) represents Balamir (i.e., Malamir) as the son of Yomyrčak (i.e., Omurtag), and as the brother of Sabanša (i.e., Zvinica), who was the father of Birdžihan (i.e., Presian I).

Malamir Knoll on Greenwich Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, is named for Khan Malamir of Bulgaria.

See also

References

  1. Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831, Panos Sophoulis, BRILL, 2011, ISBN 9004206957, pp. 71-72.
  2. Word and Power in Mediaeval Bulgaria, Ivan Biliarsky, BRILL, 2011, ISBN 9004191453, p. 211.
  3. Reading the Middle Ages: Sources from Europe, Byzantium, and the Islamic World, Barbara H. Rosenwein, University of Toronto Press, 2013, ISBN 1442606029, p. 160.
  4. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250, Florin Curta, Cambridge University Press, 2006, ISBN 0521815398,pp. 162-163.
  5. A Concise History of Bulgaria, R. J. Crampton, Cambridge University Press, 2005, ISBN 1139448234, p. 270.

Sources

  • Jordan Andreev, Ivan Lazarov, Plamen Pavlov, Koj koj e v srednovekovna Bălgarija, Sofia 1999.
  • (primary source), Bahši Iman, Džagfar Tarihy, vol. I, Orenburg 1997.
Preceded byOmurtag Khan of Bulgaria
831–836 		Succeeded byPresian I
Bulgarian monarchs
First Empire (680–1018)
Rebels against the Byzantines
Second Empire (1185–1422)
Rebels against the Ottomans
Principality (1878–1908) and
Kingdom (1908–1946)
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