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'''Jakov Mikalja''' ({{langx|la|Jacobus Micalia}}) (March 31, 1601 – December 1, 1654), was a Croatian ] and ]. He was born in the town of ] (]), at that time under the ]. He said about himself to be "''an Italian of Slavic language''".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.reportonline.it/article322.html|title=Quando a Peschici gli slavi ... erano di casa|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927104608/http://www.reportonline.it/article322.html |archive-date=September 27, 2007 |language=Italian}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/lezioni/f_lv3.htm |title=IV.3 |publisher=Italica.rai.it |access-date=2012-06-08 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516004900/http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/lezioni/f_lv3.htm |archive-date=2012-05-16 }}</ref> | ||
| ==Life== | ==Life== | ||
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| Micaglia was born in ],<ref>in ]: ''Pještica''</ref> a small town on the ] peninsula that six centuries before (about 970)<ref>''Cod. Dipl. Tremiti'', document n.47</ref><ref name="CodDiplBarl">''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref><ref name="Ragusio">''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n. 380></ref> was a settlement of Croat refugees<ref name="lezioni">{{in lang|it}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516004900/http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/lezioni/f_lv3.htm |date=2012-05-16 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|hr}} ]: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998 {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and that in those years entertained fruitful trade with ] and the city-states on the ]n coast (like the ]).<ref name="CodDiplBarl"/><ref name="Ragusio"/> | Micaglia was born in ],<ref>in ]: ''Pještica''</ref> a small town on the ] peninsula that six centuries before (about 970)<ref>''Cod. Dipl. Tremiti'', document n.47</ref><ref name="CodDiplBarl">''«Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500»'' Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28></ref><ref name="Ragusio">''“In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.''Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n. 380></ref> was a settlement of Croat refugees<ref name="lezioni">{{in lang|it}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516004900/http://www.italica.rai.it/principali/lingua/bruni/lezioni/f_lv3.htm |date=2012-05-16 }}</ref><ref>{{in lang|hr}} ]: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998 {{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> and that in those years entertained fruitful trade with ] and the city-states on the ]n coast (like the ]).<ref name="CodDiplBarl"/><ref name="Ragusio"/> | ||
| He was the great-uncle of ] (1676–1748), the ] born in ], few kilometers by Peschici.<ref name="università"/><ref>'''' G. Recuperati, 2005</ref> About it Giannone writes that ''«Scipio Giannone'' (his father)'' had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»''<ref>{{in lang|it}} </ref> | He was the great-uncle of ] (1676–1748), the ] born in ], few kilometers by Peschici.<ref name="università">{{in lang|it}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929110554/http://www.bibliotecaitaliana.it/xtf/view?docId=bibit000202%2Fbibit000202.xml&chunk.id=d3466e148&query= |date=2011-09-29 }}</ref><ref>'''' G. Recuperati, 2005</ref> About it Giannone writes that ''«Scipio Giannone'' (his father)'' had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»''<ref>{{in lang|it}} </ref> | ||
| Because of his knowledge of ], Micaglia was dispatched to the ] by the ]. It was the time of ] and the ] wished to restore its power in the ] as well. For four years (1630–1633) he taught grammar at the Jesuit College in ] (Dubrovnik). There he wrote ''"Latin grammar for Illyrian students"'' after ] (''De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata'', 1637). | Because of his knowledge of ], Micaglia was dispatched to the ] by the ]. It was the time of ] and the ] wished to restore its power in the ] as well. For four years (1630–1633) he taught grammar at the Jesuit College in ] (Dubrovnik). There he wrote ''"Latin grammar for Illyrian students"'' after ] (''De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata'', 1637). | ||
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| ==Dictionary== | ==Dictionary== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| Micaglia's greatest work is '' |
Micaglia's greatest work is ''Thesaurus of Slovinian Language and Slovinian Dictionary''. It was first printed in ] in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in ] in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuit project, an instrument to fight the ] and even more the progression of the Muslim faith in the ]s. | ||
| It was the first ], with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms<ref name="IHJJ">{{in lang|hr}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120005439/http://www.ihjj.hr/oHrJeziku-mikalja.html |date=2007-11-20 }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610164430/http://www.ihjj.hr/images/povijest/mikalja-8a3.gif |date=2011-06-10 }}</ref> <!-- original homepage where the scanned pictures are from -->). An important thing to note is that in his dictionary Micaglia names Croatian as "Illyric" or "Slovinian", and Italian as "Latin", which he names as the "students' language" (''diacki''). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (''Al benigno lettore''), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (''Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja''), and an ] in Croatian (''Grammatika Talianska''). | It was the first ], with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms<ref name="IHJJ">{{in lang|hr}} {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071120005439/http://www.ihjj.hr/oHrJeziku-mikalja.html |date=2007-11-20 }}</ref><ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610164430/http://www.ihjj.hr/images/povijest/mikalja-8a3.gif |date=2011-06-10 }}</ref> <!-- original homepage where the scanned pictures are from -->). An important thing to note is that in his dictionary Micaglia names Croatian as "Illyric" or "Slovinian", and Italian as "Latin", which he names as the "students' language" (''diacki''). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (''Al benigno lettore''), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (''Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja''), and an ] in Croatian (''Grammatika Talianska''). | ||
| Micaglia explains in the foreword that he chose the ] dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (''"Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"''). Bosnian is identified as the ] of the local ] languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even Kaykavian lexic as entry or synonym.<ref name="IHJJ" /> Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary<ref name="lezioni" /> by mainstream lexicographers and linguists. | Micaglia explains in the foreword that he chose the ] dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" (''"Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"''). Bosnian is identified as the ] of the local ] languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in the Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even the Kaykavian lexic as an entry or synonym.<ref name="IHJJ" /> Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary<ref name="lezioni" /> by mainstream lexicographers and linguists. | ||
| Micaglia's thesaurus is a trilingual dictionary in which the entry column is, though, organised as a ]: with a sequence of ]s founded on dialectical contrasts, as well as definitions, and ]s as explanations. Thus Štokavian-Čakavian terms are accompanied by Bosnian Franciscan words, ]s, ] and Croatian words. It has thus been said to illustrate the lexical wealth of the "Illyrian regions".<ref>Darija Gabrić-Bagarić, "Dijalektna podloga riječnika ''Blago jezika slovinskoga''..." ''Rasprave instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje'', kn.26 (2000), 45-58</ref> | Micaglia's thesaurus is a trilingual dictionary in which the entry column is, though, organised as a ]: with a sequence of ]s founded on dialectical contrasts, as well as definitions, and ]s as explanations. Thus, Štokavian-Čakavian terms are accompanied by Bosnian Franciscan words, ]s, ] and Croatian words. It has thus been said to illustrate the lexical wealth of the "Illyrian regions".<ref>Darija Gabrić-Bagarić, "Dijalektna podloga riječnika ''Blago jezika slovinskoga''..." ''Rasprave instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje'', kn.26 (2000), 45-58</ref> | ||
| From the cultural point of view, Micaglia's work was influenced by earlier works of Fausto Veranzio and ] |
From the cultural point of view, Micaglia's work was influenced by earlier works of ] and ]. It influenced the ] circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans ], ] and ]), both in Croatia and in ]. His work is integral to ]. | ||
| ==Works== | ==Works== | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
| == Bibliography == | == Bibliography == | ||
| * Max L. Baeumer, '''' Vol 11 Longo, 1984 {{in lang|en}} | * Max L. Baeumer, '''' Vol 11 Longo, 1984 {{in lang|en}} | ||
| * Croatian Academy of America, '''', p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 {{in lang|hr|en}} | * Croatian Academy of America, '''', p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 {{in lang|hr|en}} | ||
| * Sylvain Auroux, '''' Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, {{ISBN|978-3-11-011103-3}} {{in lang|en|de}} | * Sylvain Auroux, '''' Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, {{ISBN|978-3-11-011103-3}} {{in lang|en|de}} | ||
| * '''', Volume 36 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990 {{in lang|en|de}} | * '''', Volume 36 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990 {{in lang|en|de}} | ||
| * A. Tamaro, '''', Page 233 Volume 3, Imprimerie du Sénat, 1919 {{in lang|fr}} | * A. Tamaro, '''', Page 233 Volume 3, Imprimerie du Sénat, 1919 {{in lang|fr}} | ||
| * Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, p. 43, of Mladost, 1991, {{ISBN|978-86-7649-003-5}} {{in lang|hr}} | * Ivo Banac, '''' Vol. 6, p. 43, of Mladost, 1991, {{ISBN|978-86-7649-003-5}} {{in lang|hr}} | ||
| * Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press {{ISBN|978-0-916458-96-6}} | * Edward L. Keenan, '''' Harvard University Press {{ISBN|978-0-916458-96-6}} | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * {{cite journal|url=http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo0301.nsf/AllWebDocs/lex |publisher=] |journal=] |title=Jubileji hrvatskih leksikografa |author=Vladimir Horvat |language=Croatian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822153741/http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo0301.nsf/AllWebDocs/lex |archive-date=2007-08-22 }} | * {{cite journal|url=http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo0301.nsf/AllWebDocs/lex |publisher=] |journal=] |title=Jubileji hrvatskih leksikografa |author=Vladimir Horvat |language=Croatian |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070822153741/http://www.matica.hr/Kolo/kolo0301.nsf/AllWebDocs/lex |archive-date=2007-08-22 }} | ||
| * | * | ||
| * {{in lang|hr}} | * {{in lang|hr}} | ||
| * {{in lang|hr}} | * {{in lang|hr}} | ||
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| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT: |
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mikalja, Jakov}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:40, 1 November 2024
Italian linguist and lexicographer| Jakov Mikalja | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1601-03-31)March 31, 1601 |
| Died | December 1, 1654(1654-12-01) (aged 53) |
| Nationality | Kingdom of Naples |
| Other names | Jacobus Micalia, Jakov Mikalja |
| Occupation(s) | linguist and lexicographer |
Jakov Mikalja (Latin: Jacobus Micalia) (March 31, 1601 – December 1, 1654), was a Croatian linguist and lexicographer. He was born in the town of Peschici (Apulia), at that time under the Kingdom of Naples. He said about himself to be "an Italian of Slavic language".
Life
Micaglia was born in Peschici, a small town on the Gargano peninsula that six centuries before (about 970) was a settlement of Croat refugees and that in those years entertained fruitful trade with Venice and the city-states on the Dalmatian coast (like the Republic of Ragusa).
He was the great-uncle of Pietro Giannone (1676–1748), the historian born in Ischitella, few kilometers by Peschici. About it Giannone writes that «Scipio Giannone (his father) had married in Ischitella in 1677 Lucretia Micaglia, daughter of Matteo Micaglia from Peschici and Isabella Sabatello.»
Because of his knowledge of Croatian, Micaglia was dispatched to the Republic of Ragusa by the Jesuit order. It was the time of Counter-Reformation and the Catholic Church wished to restore its power in the Balkans as well. For four years (1630–1633) he taught grammar at the Jesuit College in Ragusa (Dubrovnik). There he wrote "Latin grammar for Illyrian students" after Emanuel Alvares (De institutione grammatica pro Illyricis accommodata, 1637).
A few years later, in 1636, Micaglia sent a letter to the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, proposing a reform of the Latin alphabet for the needs of Croatian. He discussed the same issue in the chapter "On Slavic Orthography" of his work in Croatian "God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St. Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor" (Bratislava, 1642).
From 1637 to 1645 he was a missionary among the Catholics in Timișoara in the Banat (present day Romania). He came back to Italy, where he was confessor in Slavic languages at the Basilica della Santa Casa in Loreto, from 1645 till his death in that town.
Dictionary
Micaglia's greatest work is Thesaurus of Slovinian Language and Slovinian Dictionary. It was first printed in Loreto in 1649, but a better printing press was needed, so it was completed in Ancona in 1651. The dictionary was a Jesuit project, an instrument to fight the Protestant Reformation and even more the progression of the Muslim faith in the Balkans.
It was the first Croatian dictionary, with Croatian (under name of "Illyric" or "Slovinian") as the starting language (in the very same dictionary, he treats the terms Croatian, Slovinian and Illyric as synonyms ). An important thing to note is that in his dictionary Micaglia names Croatian as "Illyric" or "Slovinian", and Italian as "Latin", which he names as the "students' language" (diacki). The introduction to the dictionary has a "Latin" dedication, a note to the reader in Italian (Al benigno lettore), a presentation of the alphabet and orthography in Latin and Croatian (Od ortographie jezika slovinskoga ili načina od pisanja), and an Italian grammar in Croatian (Grammatika Talianska).
Micaglia explains in the foreword that he chose the Bosnian dialect because "everyone says that the Bosnian language is the most beautiful one" ("Ogn'un dice che la lingua Bosnese sia la piu bella"). Bosnian is identified as the Shtokavian dialect of the local South Slavic languages. The dictionary, intended primarily to teach students and young Jesuits, has around 25,000 words. It belongs to the corpse of dictionaries in the Shtokavian dialect, with some Chakavian parts, and even the Kaykavian lexic as an entry or synonym. Mikalja's dictionary is regarded as a Croatian dictionary by mainstream lexicographers and linguists.
Micaglia's thesaurus is a trilingual dictionary in which the entry column is, though, organised as a monolingual dictionary: with a sequence of synonyms founded on dialectical contrasts, as well as definitions, and hyperonims as explanations. Thus, Štokavian-Čakavian terms are accompanied by Bosnian Franciscan words, turcisms, Raguseisms and Croatian words. It has thus been said to illustrate the lexical wealth of the "Illyrian regions".
From the cultural point of view, Micaglia's work was influenced by earlier works of Fausto Veranzio and Bartolomeo Cassio. It influenced the Croatian circle of lexicographers (among them Franciscans Divković, Toma Babić and Lovro Šitović), both in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. His work is integral to development and standardization of Croatian modern language.
Works
- Thesaurus linguae Illyricae sive Dictionarium Illyricum. In quo verba Illyrica Italice, et Latine redduntur, Romae: et sumptibus Sacrae congregationis de propaganda fide impressum, Loreto, apud Paulum et Io. Baptistam Seraphinum, 1649 (Thesaurus of Croatian or a Croatian Dictionary, in Which Croatian Words Are Translated into Italian and Latin) (Ancona, 1651). Blago jezika slovinskoga ili Slovnik u Komu izgovarajuse rjeci slovinske Latinski, i Diacki.
- Bogoljubno razmiscgljanje od ocenascja Pokupgljeno iz kgniga Svetoga Tomme od Aquina Nauciteglja Anghjelskoga (God-Loving Thoughts on the Lord's Prayer Taken from the Books of St Thomas Aquinas, the Angelic Doctor, Bratislava, 1642)
Printing of the "Thesaurus" was started by Serafini brothers in Loreto in 1649, and completed by O. Beltrano in Ancona in 1651.
References
- "Quando a Peschici gli slavi ... erano di casa" (in Italian). Archived from the original on September 27, 2007.
- "IV.3". Italica.rai.it. Archived from the original on 2012-05-16. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- in Serbocroatian: Pještica
- Cod. Dipl. Tremiti, document n.47
- ^ «Ser Antonio de Stephano de Ragusio et Ser Marco de Johanne fanno costruire in società una nave de la portata de carra 250. Ditta costruzione debia avvenire in terra Peschice. La dispesa sarà di ducati 500» Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n.28>
- ^ “In Peschice de Gargano si costruisce una nave pro parte Johannis de Natali de Ragusio, Baroli commorantis”. Il calefatore è Marinus de Ragusio.Cod. Dipl. Barl., 1570 vol. 10, n. 380>
- ^ (in Italian)3. RAI International Online - Lingue diverse dall’italiano in Italia Archived 2012-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Croatian) Vjesnik Inoslav Bešker: Hrvatski korijeni Peschichija, Nov 3, 1998
- (in Italian) Università degli studi di Roma "La Sapienza" - P. Giannone, Vita scritta da lui medesimo Archived 2011-09-29 at the Wayback Machine
- The civil and religious experience of Peter Giannone G. Recuperati, 2005
- (in Italian) Pietro Giannone Opere Vol. 46, Tomo I
- ^ (in Croatian) IHJJ - About Jakov Mikalja Archived 2007-11-20 at the Wayback Machine
- IHJJ - Scanned page Archived 2011-06-10 at the Wayback Machine
- Darija Gabrić-Bagarić, "Dijalektna podloga riječnika Blago jezika slovinskoga..." Rasprave instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje, kn.26 (2000), 45-58
Bibliography
- Max L. Baeumer, The Emergence of national languages Vol 11 Longo, 1984 (in English)
- Croatian Academy of America, Journal of Croatian studies, p. 286 Volumes 36-37, 1997 (in Croatian and English)
- Sylvain Auroux, History of the language sciences: an international handbook on the evolution of the study of language from the beginnings to the present Volume 1, Walter de Gruyter, 2000, ISBN 978-3-11-011103-3 (in English and German)
- Wiener slavistisches Jahrbuch, Volume 36 Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990 (in English and German)
- A. Tamaro, La Vénétie Julienne et la Dalmatie: histoire de la nation italienne sur ses frontières orientales, Page 233 Volume 3, Imprimerie du Sénat, 1919 (in French)
- Ivo Banac, Hrvatsko jezično pitanje Vol. 6, p. 43, of Mladost, 1991, ISBN 978-86-7649-003-5 (in Croatian)
- Edward L. Keenan, Josef Dobrovský and the origins of the Igor' tale Harvard University Press ISBN 978-0-916458-96-6
External links
- Vladimir Horvat. "Jubileji hrvatskih leksikografa". Kolo (in Croatian). Matica hrvatska. Archived from the original on 2007-08-22.
- Google book: Giacomo Micaglia. p 209 (in Italian)
- IHJJ - About Jakov Mikalja (in Croatian)
- A page about Jakov Mikalja (in Croatian)
- Scientific project about Jakov Mikalja's work (in Croatian)
- List of Croatian dictionaries in history (in Croatian)
- "Quando a Peschici gli slavi ... erano di casa" (in Italian)
- Jubileji leksikografa Mikalje (Jubilees of Lexicograph Mikalja) (in Croatian)
- Neki ga još smatraju Talijanom (Some still regard him as Italian) (in Croatian)
- Colonie slave in Puglia (in Italian)