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{{Short description|Syrian-born Armenian nationalist}}
{{Infobox criminal {{Infobox criminal
| name = Varoujan Garabedian<br />Վարուժան Կարապետեան | name = Varoujan Garabedian<br />Վարուժան Կարապետեան
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| birth_date = {{Birth date|1954|03|07}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1954|03|07}}
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| death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|01|29|1954|03|07}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|2019|01|29|1954|03|07}}
| death_place = ], ] | death_place = ], ]
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'''Varoujan Garabedian''' ({{lang-hy|Վարուժան Կարապետեան}}, also ''Varadjian Garbidjian'' and ''Varuzhan Karapetian''; March 7, 1954 &ndash; January 29, 2019) was a Syrian-born ]. He was a member of the ] (ASALA) and head of the organization's French branch.<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="Agence France Presse 2001">Agence France Presse, April 24, 2001. Armenian terrorist freed and deported from France</ref> He was known for being the accused bomber of the ] at ] in ]. Garabedian was later pardoned by French authorities nearly 20 years after the attack. '''Varoujan Garabedian''' ({{langx|hy|Վարուժան Կարապետեան}}, also ''Varadjian Garbidjian'' and ''Varuzhan Karapetian''; March 7, 1954 &ndash; January 29, 2019) was a Syrian-born ]. He was a member of the ] (ASALA) and head of the organization's French branch.<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="Agence France Presse 2001">Agence France Presse, April 24, 2001. Armenian terrorist freed and deported from France</ref> He was known for being the convicted perpetrator of the ] at ] in ]. Garabedian was later pardoned by French authorities nearly 20 years after the attack.


==Orly airport attack== ==Orly airport attack==
{{main|1983 Orly Airport attack}} {{main|1983 Orly Airport attack}}
On July 15, 1983, while serving as head of the ]'s French branch, Garabedian planted a bomb inside a suitcase at the ] check-in desk in the south terminal of the ] in Paris.<ref name="nytimes2"/><ref> at the Jerusalem Post</ref> The act was part of the group's global terrorism campaign against ] for the recognition and reparations for the ].<ref></ref> On July 15, 1983, while serving as head of the ]'s French branch, Garabedian planted a bomb inside a suitcase at the ] check-in desk in the south terminal of the ] in Paris.<ref name="nytimes2"/><ref> at the Jerusalem Post</ref> The act was part of the group's global terrorism campaign against ] for the recognition and reparations for the ].<ref></ref>


After the bombing, the French police raided ASALA strongholds, confiscating arms and detaining 50 Armenians believed to have links to the ASALA.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/24/weekinreview/the-world-sympathy-won-t-help.html|title=THE WORLD; Sympathy Won't Help|first1=Henry|last1=Giniger|first2=Milt|last2=Freudenheim|first3=Carlyle C.|last3=Douglas|date=24 July 1983|publisher=|accessdate=31 January 2019|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> One of the arrested, Garabedian, confessed to being a leader of ASALA in France and for planting the bomb at the Orly airport.<ref name="nytimes2">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/21/world/paris-says-suspect-confesses-attack.html|title=Paris Says Suspect Confesses Attack|first1=E. j Dionne|last1=Jr|first2=Special To the New York|last2=Times|date=21 July 1983|publisher=|accessdate=31 January 2019|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> The attack killed eight people.<ref name="rferl">{{cite news |first= |last= |authorlink= |title=Armenian premier meets with released ASALA member |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142396.html |work=Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Newsline |date=May 7, 2001}}</ref> After the bombing, the French police raided ASALA strongholds, confiscating arms and detaining 50 Armenians believed to have links to the ASALA.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/24/weekinreview/the-world-sympathy-won-t-help.html|title=THE WORLD; Sympathy Won't Help|first1=Henry|last1=Giniger|first2=Milt|last2=Freudenheim|first3=Carlyle C.|last3=Douglas|newspaper=The New York Times|date=24 July 1983|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> One of the arrested, Garabedian, confessed to being a leader of ASALA in France and for planting the bomb at the Orly airport.<ref name="nytimes2">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/21/world/paris-says-suspect-confesses-attack.html|title=Paris Says Suspect Confesses Attack|first1=E. j Jr.|last1=Dionne|first2=Special To the New York|last2=Times|newspaper=The New York Times|date=21 July 1983|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> The attack killed eight people.<ref name="rferl">{{cite news |title=Armenian premier meets with released ASALA member |url=http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1142396.html |work=Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Newsline |date=May 7, 2001}}</ref>


==Trial== ==Trial==
During the trial in ], ], he was defended by ] while the victims of attack were represented by ].<ref name="azg.am"/> Garabedian denied his earlier confession of having planted the bomb, but was found guilty (along with Nair Sonner and Ohannes Semerci) and sentenced to life imprisonment on March 3, 1985<ref>], Foreign News Briefs, March 4, 1985; {{fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002185552/https://www.unodc.org/tldb/pdf/France_CAValdeMarne_1985.pdf |date=2012-10-02 }}</ref> for such "deeds that were aimed at Turkish targets".<ref name="azg.am">{{cite web|url=http://www.azg.am/EN/2001050406|title=VARUJAN KARAPETIAN: I AM STAYING IN ARMENIA, Azg, 2008-11-09|publisher=|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> During the trial he admitted that he was the head of ASALA's French branch.<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="Agence France Presse 2001"/> During the trial in ], ], he was defended by ] while the victims of attack were represented by ].<ref name="azg.am"/> Garabedian denied his earlier confession of having planted the bomb, but was found guilty (along with Nair Sonner and Ohannes Semerci) and sentenced to life imprisonment on March 3, 1985<ref>], Foreign News Briefs, March 4, 1985; {{in lang|fr}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002185552/https://www.unodc.org/tldb/pdf/France_CAValdeMarne_1985.pdf |date=2012-10-02 }}</ref> for such "deeds that were aimed at Turkish targets".<ref name="azg.am">{{cite web|url=http://www.azg.am/EN/2001050406|title=VARUJAN KARAPETIAN: I AM STAYING IN ARMENIA, Azg, 2008-11-09|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref> During the trial he admitted that he was the head of ASALA's French branch.<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="Agence France Presse 2001"/>


==Pardon and deportation== ==Pardon and deportation==
In the late 1990s, a petition was signed by over one million people in Armenia,<ref>Florence Avakian. "Over a Million in Armenia Plead for Release of Convicted ASALA Man." The Armenian Reporter. 1995. HighBeam Research. (September 22, 2012). </ref> and was appealed by members of the Armenian government and civic leaders including former and current ].<ref name=sign/> The appeal was sent to the French authorities to pardon Varoujan Garabedian and Armenia offered asylum to Garabedian upon his release from prison.<ref name=sign>{{cite book|last=Waal|first=Thomas de|title=Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan Through Peace and War|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Z2zB-ceSsC&pg=PA364&dq=varoujan+terrorist&hl=en&sa=X&ei=aFwnUoKmDYK09gTZ4oGgBg&ved=0CD0Q6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=varoujan%20terrorist&f=false|year=2013|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=9780814785782|page=364}}</ref> In the late 1990s, a petition was signed by over one million people in Armenia for his release.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2013-09-21|title=Over a Million in Armenia Plead for Release of Convicted ASALA Man - The Armenian Reporter {{!}} HighBeam Research|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-2371960.html|access-date=2020-12-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921053406/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P1-2371960.html|archive-date=2013-09-21}}</ref> According to the French press, after spending 17 years in jail, his lawyers were able to reopen the case because of a legislative change in the French justice system.<ref name=":0" /> The judges pardoned him citing good behavior in prison, efforts in compensating the victims, and that ASALA was dissolved.<ref name=":0" /> He was pardoned by the ] ] on April 23, 2001 on the condition that he be deported to ].<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="Agence France Presse 2001" /><ref name=":0">{{cite news|last=Simonnot|first=Dominique|title=Le terroriste Garbidjian quitte les prisons françaises|url=http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2001/04/24/le-terroriste-garbidjian-quitte-les-prisons-francaises_362283|access-date=20 September 2013|newspaper=Libération|date=24 April 2001}}</ref>

After spending 17 years in jail, he was pardoned by the ] ] on April 23, 2001 on the condition that he be deported to ].<ref name="rferl" /><ref name="Agence France Presse 2001"/><ref>{{cite news|last=Simonnot|first=Dominique|title=Le terroriste Garbidjian quitte les prisons françaises|url=http://www.liberation.fr/societe/2001/04/24/le-terroriste-garbidjian-quitte-les-prisons-francaises_362283|accessdate=20 September 2013|newspaper=Libération|date=24 April 2001}}</ref>


The mayor of ], ], had pledged to provide him with employment and accommodation, and in Yerevan Garabedian had a meeting with Prime Minister ],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.budapesttimes.hu/2012/10/29/did-not-live-up-to-eastern-promise/ |title=Budapest Times: Did not live up to Eastern promise |access-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105211505/http://www.budapesttimes.hu/2012/10/29/did-not-live-up-to-eastern-promise/ |archive-date=2012-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who expressed happiness at his release.<ref name="rferl" /> While in prison, he started to paint and produced many paintings.<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref> The mayor of ], ], had pledged to provide him with employment and accommodation, and in Yerevan Garabedian had a meeting with Prime Minister ],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.budapesttimes.hu/2012/10/29/did-not-live-up-to-eastern-promise/ |title=Budapest Times: Did not live up to Eastern promise |access-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105211505/http://www.budapesttimes.hu/2012/10/29/did-not-live-up-to-eastern-promise/ |archive-date=2012-11-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref> who expressed happiness at his release.<ref name="rferl" /> While in prison, he started to paint and produced many paintings.<ref> {{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>


== Aftermath == == Aftermath ==
Many prominent Armenian intellectuals, including ], ], ], ], ], ] and others expressed support of Garabedian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azg.am/RU/2003090402|title=Azg.am: ОСТАВЬТЕ ЭТОГО ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ПОКОЕ!|publisher=|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> According to Armenian media, Garabedian was unofficially "supervising" the Yerevan-Dilijan transport line and with his guards was a part of a criminal incident in 2010.<ref></ref> Many prominent Armenian intellectuals, including ], ], ], ], ], ] and others expressed support of Garabedian.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.azg.am/RU/2003090402|title=Azg.am: ОСТАВЬТЕ ЭТОГО ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ПОКОЕ!|accessdate=25 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140413131048/http://www.azg.am/RU/2003090402 |archive-date=2014-04-13 |url-status=dead}}</ref> According to Armenian media, Garabedian was unofficially "supervising" the Yerevan-Dilijan transport line and with his guards was a part of a criminal incident in 2010.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.armversion.am/2010/07/12/102/|title = 1:02-ի խտրականությունը եվ Վարուժան Կարապետյանի «արծիվները» &#124; Arm Version}}</ref>


Garabedian died on 29 January 2019 in ] from a suspected ] at the age of 64.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wral.com/bomber-behind-fatal-1983-paris-airport-attack-dies/18155383/|title=Bomber behind fatal 1983 Paris airport attack dies :|first=|last=WRAL|date=29 January 2019|website=WRAL.com|accessdate=31 January 2019}}</ref> Garabedian died on 29 January 2019 in ] from a suspected ] at the age of 64.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wral.com/bomber-behind-fatal-1983-paris-airport-attack-dies/18155383/|title=Bomber behind fatal 1983 Paris airport attack dies|last=WRAL|date=29 January 2019|website=WRAL.com|access-date=31 January 2019}}</ref>


==References== ==References==
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Latest revision as of 07:46, 2 November 2024

Syrian-born Armenian nationalist
Varoujan Garabedian
Վարուժան Կարապետեան
Born(1954-03-07)March 7, 1954
Qamishli, Al-Hasakah Governorate, Syrian Republic
DiedJanuary 29, 2019(2019-01-29) (aged 64)
Yerevan, Armenia
Criminal statusPardoned by French authorities, deported to Armenia
MotiveArmenian nationalism
Criminal chargeTerrorist attack
PenaltyConvicted on terrorism charges

Varoujan Garabedian (Armenian: Վարուժան Կարապետեան, also Varadjian Garbidjian and Varuzhan Karapetian; March 7, 1954 – January 29, 2019) was a Syrian-born Armenian nationalist. He was a member of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) and head of the organization's French branch. He was known for being the convicted perpetrator of the 1983 fatal bombing at Orly Airport in Paris. Garabedian was later pardoned by French authorities nearly 20 years after the attack.

Orly airport attack

Main article: 1983 Orly Airport attack

On July 15, 1983, while serving as head of the Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia's French branch, Garabedian planted a bomb inside a suitcase at the Turkish Airlines check-in desk in the south terminal of the Orly Airport in Paris. The act was part of the group's global terrorism campaign against Turkey for the recognition and reparations for the Armenian genocide.

After the bombing, the French police raided ASALA strongholds, confiscating arms and detaining 50 Armenians believed to have links to the ASALA. One of the arrested, Garabedian, confessed to being a leader of ASALA in France and for planting the bomb at the Orly airport. The attack killed eight people.

Trial

During the trial in Créteil, France, he was defended by Jacques Vergès while the victims of attack were represented by Gide Loyrette Nouel. Garabedian denied his earlier confession of having planted the bomb, but was found guilty (along with Nair Sonner and Ohannes Semerci) and sentenced to life imprisonment on March 3, 1985 for such "deeds that were aimed at Turkish targets". During the trial he admitted that he was the head of ASALA's French branch.

Pardon and deportation

In the late 1990s, a petition was signed by over one million people in Armenia for his release. According to the French press, after spending 17 years in jail, his lawyers were able to reopen the case because of a legislative change in the French justice system. The judges pardoned him citing good behavior in prison, efforts in compensating the victims, and that ASALA was dissolved. He was pardoned by the Bourges court of appeals on April 23, 2001 on the condition that he be deported to Armenia.

The mayor of Yerevan, Robert Nazaryan, had pledged to provide him with employment and accommodation, and in Yerevan Garabedian had a meeting with Prime Minister Andranik Margaryan, who expressed happiness at his release. While in prison, he started to paint and produced many paintings.

Aftermath

Many prominent Armenian intellectuals, including Zori Balayan, Silva Kaputikyan, Sos Sargsyan, Gevorg Emin, Perch Zeytuntsyan, Levon Ananyan and others expressed support of Garabedian. According to Armenian media, Garabedian was unofficially "supervising" the Yerevan-Dilijan transport line and with his guards was a part of a criminal incident in 2010.

Garabedian died on 29 January 2019 in Yerevan from a suspected heart attack at the age of 64.

References

  1. ^ "Armenian premier meets with released ASALA member". Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, Newsline. May 7, 2001.
  2. ^ Agence France Presse, April 24, 2001. Armenian terrorist freed and deported from France
  3. ^ Dionne, E. j Jr.; Times, Special To the New York (21 July 1983). "Paris Says Suspect Confesses Attack". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  4. Varoujan Garabedian, Armenia’s Adulated Terrorist at the Jerusalem Post
  5. French Police Question Armenians in Orly Airport Bombing, The Washington Post
  6. Giniger, Henry; Freudenheim, Milt; Douglas, Carlyle C. (24 July 1983). "THE WORLD; Sympathy Won't Help". The New York Times. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  7. ^ "VARUJAN KARAPETIAN: I AM STAYING IN ARMENIA, Azg, 2008-11-09". Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  8. United Press International, Foreign News Briefs, March 4, 1985; (in French)Text of the verdict Archived 2012-10-02 at the Wayback Machine
  9. "Over a Million in Armenia Plead for Release of Convicted ASALA Man - The Armenian Reporter | HighBeam Research". 2013-09-21. Archived from the original on 2013-09-21. Retrieved 2020-12-11.
  10. ^ Simonnot, Dominique (24 April 2001). "Le terroriste Garbidjian quitte les prisons françaises". Libération. Retrieved 20 September 2013.
  11. "Budapest Times: Did not live up to Eastern promise". Archived from the original on 2012-11-05. Retrieved 2012-10-29.
  12. (in Russian) "Sobesednik Armenii" #25, 2008/Невозможно постоянно иметь революционное поколение
  13. "Azg.am: ОСТАВЬТЕ ЭТОГО ЧЕЛОВЕКА В ПОКОЕ!". Archived from the original on 2014-04-13. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
  14. "1:02-ի խտրականությունը եվ Վարուժան Կարապետյանի «արծիվները» | Arm Version".
  15. WRAL (29 January 2019). "Bomber behind fatal 1983 Paris airport attack dies". WRAL.com. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
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