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History of the borders of Alabama
{{Short description|None}}
{{Infobox Political post
|post = Governor
|body = Utah
|insignia =
|insigniasize =
|insigniacaption = ]
|image = DCM Reception for the Governor of Utah. September 12, 2022 47 (crop).jpg
|incumbent = ]
|incumbentsince = January 4, 2021
|style = The Honorable
|residence = ]
|termlength = Four years, renewable, no term limits
|inaugural = ]
|formation = January 6, 1896
|deputy = ]
|salary = $150,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/csg-releases-2013-governor-salaries | title=CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries | publisher=The Council of State Governments | date=June 25, 2013 | access-date=November 23, 2014 | archive-date=October 22, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022032437/http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/csg-releases-2013-governor-salaries | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://governor.utah.gov|Official website}}
}}


==content==
The '''governor of Utah''' is the ] of ]<ref name="utc-7-5">UT Const. art. VII, § 5</ref> and the commander-in-chief of its ].<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 4</ref> The governor has a duty to enforce state laws<ref name="utc-7-5" /> as well as the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the ].<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 8</ref> The governor may also convene the legislature on "extraordinary occasions".<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 6</ref>
] was organized from the eastern half of ] on March 3, 1817.<ref>{{usstat|3|371}}</ref>{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|pp=108-109}} The act defined its borders as:
<blockquote>...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...</blockquote>


The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the ] was surveyed in 1799 by ], and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.
The self-proclaimed ], precursor to the organization of the ], had only one governor, ]. Utah Territory had 15&nbsp;] governors from its organization in 1850 until the formation of the state of Utah in 1896, appointed by the ]. ] had the shortest term of only three weeks and Brigham Young, the first territorial governor, had the longest term at seven years.


The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:
There have been 17&nbsp;governors of the State of Utah, with the longest serving being ], who served three terms from 1965 to 1977. ] served the shortest term, the remaining 14 months of ]'s term upon Leavitt's resignation to become head of the ]. At the age of 36, ] was the youngest person to become governor. At the age of 70, ] became the oldest person to be elected, while Olene Walker, at age 72, was the oldest person to succeed to the office. Currently, a term of service is set at four years, and there are no overall limits (consecutive or lifetime) to the number of terms one may be elected to serve. Elections for the office of Governor of Utah are normally held in November of the same year as the ].
<blockquote>... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek
or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.</blockquote>


The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13,<ref>https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164</ref> and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278</ref>. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the ], the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now ]) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=103}}
The current governor is ], who took office on January 4, 2021. Governor Cox was elected in November ].


The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the ]. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near ], just east of the ], eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=109}}
==Qualifications==
Anyone who seeks to be elected Governor of Utah must meet the following qualifications:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Governor_of_Utah|title = Governor of Utah}}</ref>
*Be at least 30 years old
*Be a resident of Utah for at least five years on the day of the election
*Be a United States citizen
*Be a qualified elector of Utah at the time of election
==Governors==
The area that became Utah was part of the ] obtained by the United States on May 19, 1848, in the ] following the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Guadalupe.html|title=Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo|publisher=]|access-date=May 20, 2010}}</ref>


==foo==
===State of Deseret===
* {{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=] |oclc=69426475}}
A constitutional convention was convened in ] on March 8, 1849, to work on a proposal for federal recognition of a state or territory. The convention resulted in the provisional ]. Deseret claimed most of present-day Utah, ] and ], with parts of ], ], ], ], ], and ]. ] was elected governor on March 12, 1849, and the legislature first met on July 2, 1849.<ref>{{cite book |first=James H. |last=McClintock |title=Mormon settlement in Arizona |publisher=State of Arizona |location=Phoenix |year=1921 |page= |url=https://archive.org/details/mormonsettlemen01mcclgoog |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Orson Ferguson |last=Whitney |title=History of Utah |publisher=George Q Cannon and Sons |location=Salt Lake City |year=1892 |pages=–395 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> The state, having never been recognized by the federal government, was formally dissolved on April 5, 1851,<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Allen Kent |title=Utah History Encyclopedia |publisher=University of Utah Press |location=Salt Lake City |year=1994 |page=139}}</ref> several months after word of the creation of Utah Territory reached Salt Lake City.


== notes ==
===Governors of the Territory of Utah===
On September 9, 1850, as part of the ], ] was organized, encompassing roughly the northern half of Deseret.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=009/llsl009.db&recNum=480 |title=Thirty-First Congress. Session I Chapter LI. |work=Compromise of 1850 |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref> The news did not reach ] until January 1851.<ref>{{cite book |first=Orson Ferguson |last=Whitney |title=History of Utah |publisher=George Q Cannon and Sons |location=Salt Lake City |year=1892 |pages=–452 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> Governors of the Utah Territory were appointed by the president of the United States, and other than Brigham Young, they were frequently considered ] ].<ref>{{citation |last=Murphy |first=Miriam B. |contribution=Territorial Governors |contribution-url=http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/t/TERRITORIAL_GOVERNORS.html |editor-last=Powell |editor-first=Allan Kent |year=1994 |title=Utah History Encyclopedia |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |publisher=] |isbn=0874804256 |oclc=30473917}}</ref>


1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula
|+ Governors of the Territory of Arizona
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="2"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office{{efn|The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.}}
!scope="col"|Appointing President
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|1
|data-sort-value="Young, Brigham"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1801–1877)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-young">McMullin pp. 291&ndash;292</ref>
|{{dts|September 28, 1850}}{{efn|Young was nominated on September 26, 1850;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 26 September 1850, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on September 28;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 28 September 1850, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> and took the oath of office in Utah on February 3, 1851.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1916-10-22 |title=Utah's New Capitol Grows from Humble Beginning |pages=8 |work=Salt Lake Telegram |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/salt-lake-telegram-utahs-new-capitol-gr/127998704/ |access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref> ] was nominated to replace Young on December 13, 1854,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 33rd Cong., 2nd sess., 13 December 1854, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on December 21,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 33rd Cong., 2nd sess., 21 December 1854, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> but declined.<ref name="territorial-papers">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IVHAQAAMAAJ |title=The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General |date=1934 |publisher=] |page=23 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>July 11, 1857<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Millard|Fillmore}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Cumming, Alfred"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1802–1873)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-cumming">McMullin pp. 292&ndash;294</ref>
|{{dts|July 11, 1857}}{{efn|Cumming was appointed on July 11, 1857, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-cumming" /> nominated on December 22, 1857;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 35th Cong., 1st sess., 22 December 1857, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on January 18, 1858.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 35th Cong., 1st sess., 18 January 1858, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> He arrived in Salt Lake City on April 12, 1858, having been delayed by the ].<ref>{{cite book | last=Whitney | first=Orson F. | title=History of Utah | publisher=George Q. Cannon and Sons | location=Salt Lake City | year=1892 | url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog | page=672 | access-date=May 17, 2010}}</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>May 17, 1861<br>{{small|(left territory)}}{{efn|Cumming and his wife left Salt Lake City on a leave of absence but with no plans to return and no formal resignation;<ref name="mcmullin-cumming" /> Territorial Secretaries Francis H. Wooton<ref>{{cite news |title=Affairs in Utah |work=] |date=June 17, 1861 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1861/06/17/news/affairs-utah-departure-gov-cumming-for-georgia-his-return-improbable-francis-h.html |access-date=May 18, 2010}}</ref> and Frank Fuller acted as governor until his successor arrived.<ref name="mcmullin-dawson" />}}
|{{sortname|James|Buchanan}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|3
|data-sort-value="Dawson, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1820–1877)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-dawson">McMullin pp. 294&ndash;295</ref>
|{{dts|December 7, 1861}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Affairs in Utah |work=] |date=December 28, 1861 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1861/12/28/news/affairs-utah-ample-supply-grain-territorial-legislature-rio-virgin-country.html |access-date=May 18, 2010 |quote=GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Saturday, Dec. 7, 1861. ... Gov. DAWSON and Superintendent DOTY arrived by the mail-stage to-day.}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>December 31, 1861<ref name=SLT2001>{{cite news |url=http://historytogo.utah.gov/salt_lake_tribune/history_matters/123001.html |title=Third Governor was run out of Utah after 3 weeks |newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune |date=December 30, 2001 |access-date=April 26, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}
|{{refn|Resigned after three weeks in office; combative feelings existed between the governor and the state's Mormon population.<ref name="SLT2001" />|group=note}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|4
|data-sort-value="Harding, Stephen"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1808–1891)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-harding">McMullin pp. 295&ndash;297</ref>
|{{dts|July 7, 1862}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Abraham Lincoln and the Western Territories |last=McGinnis |first=Ralph Y. |author2=Calvin N. Smith |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWGoZvF42W8C |page=105 |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-8304-1247-1}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>June 11, 1863<ref>Bancroft p. 621</ref>
|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|5
|data-sort-value="Doty, James"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1799–1865)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-doty">McMullin pp. 297&ndash;299</ref>
|{{dts|June 22, 1863}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tgm8&CISOSHOW=84659&CISOPTR=84475 |title=Know Utah |newspaper=Salt Lake Telegram |date=June 16, 1927 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>June 13, 1865<ref>Bancroft p. 622</ref>
|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}
|<ref name="died" group="note">Died in office</ref>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|6
|data-sort-value="Durkee, Charles"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1805–1870)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-durkee">McMullin pp. 299&ndash;300</ref>
|{{dts|September 30, 1865}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/deseretnews6&CISOSHOW=28483&CISOPTR=28446 |title=Home items |newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |date=October 12, 1865 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>January 9, 1869<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tgm8&CISOSHOW=32169&CISOPTR=31916 |title=As I remember |newspaper=Salt Lake Telegram |date=October 17, 1926 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Andrew|Johnson}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|7
|data-sort-value="Shaffer, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1827–1870)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-shaffer">McMullin pp. 300&ndash;301</ref>
|{{dts|March 20, 1870}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tgm10&CISOSHOW=33363&CISOPTR=33220 |title=Just history |newspaper=Salt Lake Telegram |date=October 31, 1923 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>October 31, 1870<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tgm8&CISOSHOW=4040&CISOPTR=3894 |title=As I remember |newspaper=Salt Lake Telegram |date=April 20, 1925 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|<ref name="died" group="note"/>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|8
|data-sort-value="Vaughan, Vernon"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1838–1878)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-vaughan">McMullin pp. 301&ndash;302</ref>
|{{dts|October 31, 1870}}<ref name="vaughan">{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/tgm8&CISOSHOW=35090&CISOPTR=34938 |title=As I remember |newspaper=Salt Lake Telegram |date=October 25, 1926 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>February 1, 1871<ref name="vaughan" />
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|{{refn|Vaughan was Secretary of the Territory at the time of Shaffer's death, and so acted as governor until word of his own appointment arrived several days later. His appointment was to be only temporary until President Grant could determine a suitable successor.<ref name="vaughan" />|group=note}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|9
|data-sort-value="Woods, George"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1832–1890)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-woods">McMullin pp. 302&ndash;303</ref>
|{{dts|March 10, 1871}}<ref>Bancroft p. 661</ref><br>&ndash;<br>October 13, 1874<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/slt2&CISOSHOW=2744&CISOPTR=2692 |title=Off for California |newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune |date=October 13, 1874 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/slt2&CISOSHOW=10091&CISOPTR=10045 |title=We don't believe it |newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune |date=November 4, 1874 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|10
|data-sort-value="Axtell, Samuel"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1819–1891)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-axtell">McMullin pp. 303&ndash;304</ref>
|{{dts|February 2, 1875}}<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/slt2&CISOSHOW=12584&CISOPTR=12559 |title=Governor Axtell |newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune |date=February 3, 1875 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>June 8, 1875<ref>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/slt2&CISOSHOW=18682&CISOPTR=18673 |title=The new Governor |newspaper=Salt Lake Tribune |date=June 9, 1875 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|{{refn|Resigned to become the ].<ref name="bioguide-axtell">{{cite web |url=http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000349 |title=Axtell, Samuel Beach |work=] |publisher=Clerk of the United States House of Representatives and Historian of the United States Senate |access-date=April 26, 2010}}</ref>|group=note}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|11
|data-sort-value="Emery, George"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1830–1909)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-emery">McMullin pp. 304&ndash;306</ref>
|{{dts|July 3, 1875}}<ref>{{cite book |title=Improvement Era, Vol. IV, No. 7 |publisher=Young Men's Mutual Improvement Association |page=562 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gtQRAAAAYAAJ |access-date=May 18, 2010|year=1901 }}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>January 25, 1880<ref>Bancroft p. 677</ref>
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|12
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Murray, Eli"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1843–1896)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-murray">McMullin pp. 306&ndash;307</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|February 28, 1880}}<ref>Bancroft pp. 687–688</ref><br>&ndash;<br>March 16, 1886<ref>{{cite book |title=Biographical Directory of American Territorial Governors |last=McMullin |first=Thomas A. |author2=David Allan Walker |publisher=Meckler |year=1984 |isbn=978-0-930466-11-4 |page=307 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pZ1AAAAMAAJ&q=%22President+Grover+Cleveland+removed+Murray+%22 |access-date=May 18, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Rutherford B.|Hayes}}
|rowspan="3"|
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{sortname|Chester A.|Arthur}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|13
|data-sort-value="West, Caleb"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1909)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-west">McMullin pp. 307&ndash;308</ref>
|{{dts|May 12, 1886}}<ref name=DeseretNews1886>{{cite news |url=http://udn.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/deseretnews4&CISOSHOW=531&CISOPTR=478|title=The new Governor|newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |date=May 12, 1886 |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref><br>&ndash;<br>May 6, 1889<ref name="deseret45">{{cite journal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWPUAAAAMAAJ&q=%22may+6%2C+1889%22+utah+thomas&pg=PA815 |title=The record|journal= ] |volume=45 |year=1892 |publisher=] |access-date=May 18, 2010}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Grover|Cleveland}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|14
|data-sort-value="Thomas, Arthur"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1851–1824)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-thomas">McMullin pp. 308&ndash;310</ref>
|{{dts|May 6, 1889}}<ref name="deseret45" /><br>&ndash;<br>May 9, 1893<ref name="West">{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=zRYcAAAAIBAJ&dq=governor-west&pg=1437%2C2022350 |title=The Governor goes, the Governor comes |newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |date=May 9, 1893 |access-date=May 14, 2010 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
|{{sortname|Benjamin|Harrison}}
|
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|15
|data-sort-value="West, Caleb"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1909)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-west" />
|{{dts|May 9, 1893<ref name="West" /><br>&ndash;<br>January 4, 1896
|{{sortname|Grover|Cleveland}}
|
|}


1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county
===Governors of the State of Utah===
The State of Utah was admitted to the Union on January 4, 1896.


1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf
The governor has a four-year term, commencing on the first Monday of the January after an election.<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 1</ref> The ] originally stated that, should the office of governor be vacant, the power be devolved upon the ],<ref>UT Const. original art. VII, §11</ref> but the office of ] was created in 1976,<ref name="ltgov">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ovQoAAAAIBAJ&pg=7106,2264034&dq=lt+governor+created+utah&hl=en |title=Taxes, funds hot issues for Legislature |newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |date=January 10, 1976 |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> and a 1980 constitutional amendment added it to the constitution.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBt-uWWWinoC |title=The Utah State Constitution: A Reference Guide |last=White |first=Jean Bickmore |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1998 |page=98 |access-date=May 17, 2010|isbn=9780313293511 }}</ref> If the office of governor becomes vacant during the first year of the term, the lieutenant governor becomes governor until the next general election; if it becomes vacant after the first year of the term, the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term.<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 11</ref> The offices of governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ].<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 2</ref> The Governor of Utah was formerly limited to serving three terms, but all term limit laws were repealed by the Utah Legislature in 2003; Utah is one of the few states where gubernatorial term limits are not determined by the constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=14831 |title=Utah set to repeal term limits |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref>


1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!colspan="10" |
{{legend2|#FF3333|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} <small>(11)</small>
{{spaces|3}}
{{legend2|#3333FF|]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}} <small>(6)</small>
|-
! colspan=4 | Governor
! Term of office
! Party
! Election
! Previous office
! colspan="2" | ]<br />{{refn|The office of Lieutenant Governor was created in 1976.<ref name="ltgov" /> Lieutenant governors were elected separately from the governor until 1980; those that represented a different party from their governor are noted.|group=note}}
|-
! rowspan=2 | 1
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>August 11, 1859 – March 12, 1938<br />(aged 78)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 6, 1896<br />–<br />January 2, 1905
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | Delegate to the<br />Utah Constitutional Convention<br />(1895)
| rowspan="19" colspan="2"|None
|-
| ]
|-
! 2
| ]
| style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>February 5, 1846 – July 30, 1928<br />(aged 82)</small>
| January 2, 1905<br />–<br />January 4, 1909
| ]
| ]
| Salt Lake County Clerk (1884-1890)
|-
! rowspan=2 | 3
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>January 11, 1864 – April 21, 1929<br />(aged 65)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 4, 1909<br />–<br />January 1, 1917
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | ] for the ] (1906-1908)
|-
| ]
|-
! 4
|]
| style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
|<big>''']'''</big><br /><small>February 27, 1846 – October 6, 1926<br />(aged 80)</small>
|January 1, 1917<br />–<br />January 3, 1921
| ]
| ]
| ]<br />(1903–1913)
|-
! 5
|]
| style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
|<big>''']'''</big><br /><small>October 4, 1877 – April 26, 1959<br />(aged 81)</small>
|January 3, 1921<br />–<br />January 5, 1925
| ]
| ]
| ]<br />(1913–1915)
|-
! rowspan=2 | 6
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>September 8, 1872 – August 27, 1936<br />(aged 63)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 5, 1925<br />–<br />January 2, 1933
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | ]<br />(1914–1923)
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 7
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>October 1, 1872 – June 19, 1942<br />(aged 69)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 2, 1933<br />–<br />January 6, 1941
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | Chairman, Utah State Road Commission (1925–1932)
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 8
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>March 11, 1893 – November 17, 1990<br />(aged 97)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 6, 1941<br />–<br />January 3, 1949
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | President of the ]<br />(1934–1938)
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 9
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>January 7, 1899 – October 20, 1996<br />(aged 97)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 3, 1949<br />–<br />January 7, 1957
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | ]<br />(1935–1948)
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 10
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>July 21, 1898 – April 2, 1972<br />(aged 73)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 7, 1957<br />–<br />January 4, 1965
| rowspan=2 |]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | Director, Utah Water and Power Board
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan="3"| 11
| rowspan="3"| ]
| rowspan="3" style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan="3"| <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>November 6, 1913 – September 16, 2007<br />(aged 93)</small>
| rowspan="3"| January 4, 1965<br />–<br />January 3, 1977
| rowspan="3"| ]
| ]
| rowspan="3" | ] Attorney<br />(1938–1940)
|-
| ]
|-
| ]
| style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 12
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#3333FF;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>January 8, 1929 – October 7, 1990<br />(aged 61)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 3, 1977<br />–<br />January 7, 1985
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 |''None''
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | ]<br /><ref group="note">Represented the Republican Party</ref>
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 13
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>January 4, 1933 – April 14, 2015<br />(aged 82)</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 7, 1985<br />–<br />January 4, 1993
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | ]<br />(1975–1985)
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | ]
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=3 | 14
| rowspan=3 | ]
| rowspan=3 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=3 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>{{Birth date and age|1951|02|11}}</small>
| rowspan=3 | January 4, 1993<br />–<br />November 5, 2003
| rowspan=3 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=3 | Member, Utah State Board of Regents (1989–1992)
| rowspan=3 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=3 | ]
|-
| ]
|-
| ]
|-
! 15
| ]
| style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>November 15, 1930 – November 28, 2015<br />(aged 85)</small>
| November 5, 2003<br />–<br />January 3, 2005
| ]
| style="background:#EEEEEE" | <small>Succeeded from<br>Lieutenant<br>Governor</small>
| Fourth<br />]<br />(1993–2003)
| style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 16
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>{{birth date and age|1960|03|26}}</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 3, 2005<br />–<br />August 11, 2009
| rowspan=2 | ]
| ]
| rowspan=2 | Eleventh<br />]<br />(1992–1993)
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 |]
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan="5" | 17
| rowspan="5" | ]
| rowspan="5" style="background:#FF3333;" |&nbsp;
| rowspan="5" | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>{{birth date and age|1947|5|7}}</small>
| rowspan="5" | August 11, 2009<br />–<br />January 4, 2021
| rowspan="5" | ]
| style="background:#EEEEEE" | <small>Succeeded from<br>Lieutenant<br>Governor</small>
| rowspan="5" | Sixth<br />]<br />(2005–2009)
| rowspan="5" style="background:#FF3333;" |&nbsp;
| rowspan="2" | ]<br /><small>(Sept. 1, 2009 – Oct. 16, 2013)</small>
|-
| ]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ]
|-
| rowspan="2" | ]<br /><small>(Oct. 16, 2013 – Jan. 4, 2021)</small>
|-
| ]
|-
! rowspan=2 | 18
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | <big>''']'''</big><br /><small>{{birth date and age|1975|07|11}}</small>
| rowspan=2 | January 4, 2021<br />–<br />Incumbent<br /><ref group="note">Cox's first term expires on January 6, 2025.</ref>
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 | ]
| rowspan=2 | Eighth<br />]<br />(2013–2021)
| rowspan=2 style="background:#FF3333;"|&nbsp;
| rowspan=2 | ]
|}


1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N
==See also==
*]
*]


1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line:
==Notes==
beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills"
{{notelist}}
West to the Perdido


1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed
==References==
;General
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite web|title=Former Utah Governors|url=https://www.nga.org/former-governors/utah/|access-date=July 5, 2023|publisher=National Governors Association}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sobel|first=Robert|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0003sobe/|title=Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III|publisher=Meckler Books|year=1978|isbn=9780930466008|access-date=May 9, 2023}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kallenbach|first=Joseph Ernest|url=http://archive.org/details/americanstategov0000kall|title=American State Governors, 1776-1976|date=1977|publisher=Oceana Publications|isbn=978-0-379-00665-0|access-date=June 15, 2023}}
*{{Cite book |last=McMullin |first=Thomas A. |url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0000mcmu |title=Biographical directory of American territorial governors |date=1984 |publisher=Westport, CT : Meckler |isbn=978-0-930466-11-4 |access-date=January 19, 2023}}
{{refend}}


1906: AL-MS boundary described as:
;Specific
West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek
{{reflist}}
Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek
Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County
Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula


1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed
==External links==
{{commons category | Governors of Utah}}
*{{official website|http://www.utah.gov/governor}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf
{{Governors of Utah}}
{{Lists of US Governors}}
{{Utah}}
{{Utah statewide elected officials}}
{{featured list}}


Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104
{{DEFAULTSORT:Utah, List Of Governors Of}}
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 19:34, 2 November 2024

History of the borders of Alabama

content

Alabama Territory was organized from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory on March 3, 1817. The act defined its borders as:

...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...

The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the 31st parallel north was surveyed in 1799 by Andrew Ellicott, and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.

The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:

... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.

The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13, and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the 35th parallel north, the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now West Point) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.

The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the 35th parallel north. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near 87th meridian west, just east of the Elk River, eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.

foo

notes

1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided: if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county

1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf

1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia

1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N

1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line: beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills" West to the Perdido

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as: West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

  1. 3 Stat. 371
  2. Van Zandt 1976, pp. 108–109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  3. https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278
  5. Van Zandt 1976, p. 103. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  6. Van Zandt 1976, p. 109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)