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History of the borders of Alabama
{{Short description|None}}
{{Infobox Political post
|post = Governor
|body = Utah
|insignia =
|insigniasize =
|insigniacaption = ]
|image = DCM Reception for the Governor of Utah. September 12, 2022 47 (crop).jpg
|incumbent = ]
|incumbentsince = January 4, 2021
|style = The Honorable
|residence = ]
|termlength = Four years, renewable, no term limits
|inaugural = ]
|formation = January 6, 1896
|deputy = ]
|salary = $150,000 (2019)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/csg-releases-2013-governor-salaries | title=CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries | publisher=The Council of State Governments | date=June 25, 2013 | access-date=November 23, 2014 | archive-date=October 22, 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022032437/http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/csg-releases-2013-governor-salaries | url-status=dead }}</ref>
|website = {{URL|https://governor.utah.gov|Official website}}
}}


==content==
The '''governor of Utah''' is the ] of ]<ref name="utc-7-5">UT Const. art. VII, § 5</ref> and the commander-in-chief of its ].<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 4</ref> The governor has a duty to enforce state laws<ref name="utc-7-5" /> as well as the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the ].<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 8</ref> The governor may also convene the legislature on "extraordinary occasions".<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 6</ref>
] was organized from the eastern half of ] on March 3, 1817.<ref>{{usstat|3|371}}</ref>{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|pp=108-109}} The act defined its borders as:
<blockquote>...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...</blockquote>


The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the ] was surveyed in 1799 by ], and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.
The self-proclaimed ], precursor to the organization of the ], had only one governor, ]. Utah Territory had 15&nbsp;] governors from its organization in 1850 until the formation of the state of Utah in 1896, appointed by the ]. ] had the shortest term of only three weeks and Brigham Young, the first territorial governor, had the longest term at seven years.


The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:
There have been 17&nbsp;governors of the State of Utah, with the longest serving being ], who served three terms from 1965 to 1977. ] served the shortest term, the remaining 14 months of ]'s term upon Leavitt's resignation to become head of the ]. At the age of 36, ] was the youngest person to become governor. At the age of 70, ] became the oldest person to be elected, while Olene Walker, at age 72, was the oldest person to succeed to the office. Currently, a term of service is set at four years, and there are no overall limits (consecutive or lifetime) to the number of terms one may be elected to serve. Elections for the office of Governor of Utah are normally held in November of the same year as the ].
<blockquote>... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek
or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.</blockquote>


The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13,<ref>https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164</ref> and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278</ref>. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the ], the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now ]) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=103}}
The current governor is ], who took office on January 4, 2021. Governor Cox was elected in November ].


The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the ]. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near ], just east of the ], eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=109}}
==Qualifications==
Anyone who seeks to be elected Governor of Utah must meet the following qualifications:<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ballotpedia.org/Governor_of_Utah|title = Governor of Utah}}</ref>
*Be at least 30 years old
*Be a resident of Utah for at least five years on the day of the election
*Be a United States citizen
*Be a qualified elector of Utah at the time of election
==Governors==
The area that became Utah was part of the ] obtained by the United States on May 19, 1848, in the ] following the ].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/Guadalupe.html|title=Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo|publisher=]|access-date=May 20, 2010}}</ref>


==foo==
===State of Deseret===
* {{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=] |oclc=69426475}}
A constitutional convention was convened in ] on March 8, 1849, to work on a proposal for federal recognition of a state or territory. The convention resulted in the provisional ]. Deseret claimed most of present-day Utah, ] and ], with parts of ], ], ], ], ], and ]. ] was elected governor on March 12, 1849, and the legislature first met on July 2, 1849.<ref>{{cite book |first=James H. |last=McClintock |title=Mormon settlement in Arizona |publisher=State of Arizona |location=Phoenix |year=1921 |page= |url=https://archive.org/details/mormonsettlemen01mcclgoog |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |first=Orson Ferguson |last=Whitney |title=History of Utah |publisher=George Q Cannon and Sons |location=Salt Lake City |year=1892 |pages=–395 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> The state, having never been recognized by the federal government, was formally dissolved on April 5, 1851,<ref>{{cite book |last=Powell |first=Allen Kent |title=Utah History Encyclopedia |publisher=University of Utah Press |location=Salt Lake City |year=1994 |page=139}}</ref> several months after word of the creation of Utah Territory reached Salt Lake City.


== notes ==
===Governors of the Territory of Utah===
On September 9, 1850, as part of the ], ] was organized, encompassing roughly the northern half of Deseret.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=009/llsl009.db&recNum=480 |title=Thirty-First Congress. Session I Chapter LI. |work=Compromise of 1850 |publisher=Library of Congress |access-date=May 14, 2010}}</ref> The news did not reach ] until January 1851.<ref>{{cite book |first=Orson Ferguson |last=Whitney |title=History of Utah |publisher=George Q Cannon and Sons |location=Salt Lake City |year=1892 |pages=–452 |url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> Governors of the Utah Territory were appointed by the president of the United States, and other than Brigham Young, they were frequently considered ] ].<ref>{{citation |last=Murphy |first=Miriam B. |contribution=Territorial Governors |contribution-url=http://www.uen.org/utah_history_encyclopedia/t/TERRITORIAL_GOVERNORS.html |editor-last=Powell |editor-first=Allan Kent |year=1994 |title=Utah History Encyclopedia |location=Salt Lake City, Utah |publisher=] |isbn=0874804256 |oclc=30473917}}</ref>


1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided:
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula
|+ Governors of the Territory of Arizona
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="2"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office{{efn|The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.}}
!scope="col"|Appointing President
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|1
|data-sort-value="Young, Brigham"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1801–1877)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-young">McMullin pp. 291&ndash;292</ref>
|{{dts|September 28, 1850}}{{efn|Young was nominated on September 26, 1850;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 26 September 1850, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on September 28;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 31st Cong., 1st sess., 28 September 1850, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> and took the oath of office in Utah on February 3, 1851.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1916-10-22 |title=Utah's New Capitol Grows from Humble Beginning |pages=8 |work=Salt Lake Telegram |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/salt-lake-telegram-utahs-new-capitol-gr/127998704/ |access-date=2023-07-10}}</ref> ] was nominated to replace Young on December 13, 1854,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 33rd Cong., 2nd sess., 13 December 1854, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on December 21,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 33rd Cong., 2nd sess., 21 December 1854, . Accessed July 10, 2023.</ref> but declined.<ref name="territorial-papers">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6IVHAQAAMAAJ |title=The Territorial Papers of the United States: Volume I: General |date=1934 |publisher=] |page=23 |language=en}}</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>July 11, 1857<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Millard|Fillmore}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Cumming, Alfred"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1802–1873)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-cumming">McMullin pp. 292&ndash;294</ref>
|{{dts|July 11, 1857}}{{efn|Cumming was appointed on July 11, 1857, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-cumming" /> nominated on December 22, 1857;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 35th Cong., 1st sess., 22 December 1857, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on January 18, 1858.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 35th Cong., 1st sess., 18 January 1858, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> He arrived in Salt Lake City on April 12, 1858, having been delayed by the ].<ref>{{cite book | last=Whitney | first=Orson F. | title=History of Utah | publisher=George Q. Cannon and Sons | location=Salt Lake City | year=1892 | url=https://archive.org/details/historyutahcomp01whitgoog | page=672 | access-date=May 17, 2010}}</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>May 17, 1861<br>{{small|(left territory)}}{{efn|Cumming and his wife left Salt Lake City on May 17, 1861, for a leave of absence but with no plans to return and no formal resignation;<ref name="mcmullin-cumming" /> Territorial Secretaries Francis H. Wooton<ref>{{cite news |title=Affairs in Utah |work=] |date=June 17, 1861 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1861/06/17/news/affairs-utah-departure-gov-cumming-for-georgia-his-return-improbable-francis-h.html |access-date=May 18, 2010}}</ref> and Frank Fuller<ref name="mcmullin-dawson" /> acted as governor until his successor arrived.}}
|{{sortname|James|Buchanan}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|3
|data-sort-value="Dawson, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1820–1877)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-dawson">McMullin pp. 294&ndash;295</ref>
|{{dts|October 3, 1861}}{{efn|Dawson was appointed on October 3, 1861, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-dawson" /> nominated on December 23, 1861;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 37th Cong., 2nd sess., 23 December 1861, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> but rejected by the Senate on March 19, 1862.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 37th Cong., 2nd sess., 19 March 1862, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> He arrived in Salt Lake City on December 7, 1861.<ref name="mcmullin-dawson" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Affairs in Utah |work=] |date=December 28, 1861 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1861/12/28/news/affairs-utah-ample-supply-grain-territorial-legislature-rio-virgin-country.html |access-date=May 18, 2010 |quote=GREAT SALT LAKE CITY, Saturday, Dec. 7, 1861. ... Gov. DAWSON and Superintendent DOTY arrived by the mail-stage to-day.}}</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>December 31, 1861<br>{{small|(left territory)}}{{efn|Dawson left Salt Lake City on December 31, 1861, after threats of violence<ref>{{Cite news |date=2001-12-30 |title=Third Governor Was Run Out of Utah After 3 Weeks |pages=27 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-third-governor-was/128031782/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref> and being accused of "insulting (and perhaps molesting) his Mormon housekeeper";<ref name="mcmullin-dawson" /> Territorial Secretary Frank Fuller acted as governor until his successor arrived.<ref name="mcmullin-dawson" />}}
|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|4
|data-sort-value="Harding, Stephen"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1808–1891)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-harding">McMullin pp. 295&ndash;297</ref>
|{{dts|March 31, 1862}}{{efn|Harding was nominated on March 24, 1862;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 37th Cong., 3rd sess., 24 March 1862, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on March 31;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 37th Cong., 3rd sess., 31 March 1862, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and arrived in Sale Lake City on July 7.<ref name="mcmullin-harding" />}}<br>&ndash;<br>June 2, 1863<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|5
|data-sort-value="Doty, James"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1799–1865)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-doty">McMullin pp. 297&ndash;299</ref>
|{{dts|June 2, 1863}}{{efn|Doty was appointed on June 2, 1863, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-doty" /> nominated on January 7, 1864;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 38th Cong., 1st sess., 7 January 1864, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on February 2.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 38th Cong., 1st sess., 2 February 1864, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>June 13, 1865<br>{{small|(died in office)}}{{efn|Territorial Secretary Amos Reed acted as governor until Doty's successor arrived.<ref name="mcmullin-doty" />}}
|{{sortname|Abraham|Lincoln}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|6
|data-sort-value="Durkee, Charles"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1805–1870)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-durkee">McMullin pp. 299&ndash;300</ref>
|{{dts|July 15, 1865}}{{efn|Durkee was appointed on July 15, 1865, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-durkee" /> nominated on December 19;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 39th Cong., 1st sess., 19 December 1865, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on December 21.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 39th Cong., 1st sess., 21 December 1865, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> He arrived in Salt Lake City on September 30, 1865.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1865-10-12 |title=Durkee arrives September 30 |pages=11 |work=The Deseret News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-deseret-news-durkee-arrives-septembe/128037266/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>January 17, 1870<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}{{efn|Durkee left the territory in late December as his term was expiring; Territorial Secretary Stephen A. Mann acted as governor until his successor arrived.<ref name="mcmillin-durkee" />}}
|{{sortname|Andrew|Johnson}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|7
|data-sort-value="Shaffer, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1827–1870)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-shaffer">McMullin pp. 300&ndash;301</ref>
|{{dts|January 17, 1870}}{{efn|Shaffer was nominated on December 17, 1869;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 2nd sess., 17 December 1869, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on January 17, 1870;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 2nd sess., 17 January 1870, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and arrived in the territory two months later.<ref name="mcmullin-shaffer" />}}<br>&ndash;<br>October 31, 1870<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|8
|data-sort-value="Vaughan, Vernon"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1838–1878)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-vaughan">McMullin pp. 301&ndash;302</ref>
|{{dts|October 31, 1870}}{{efn|Vaughan was appointed on October 31, 1870, during a Senate recess; he was already territorial secretary, so this just formalized his status as governor.<ref name="mcmullin-vaughan" />}}<br>&ndash;<br>February 2, 1871<br>{{small|(successor appoited)}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|9
|data-sort-value="Woods, George"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1832–1890)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-woods">McMullin pp. 302&ndash;303</ref>
|{{dts|February 2, 1871}}{{efn|Silas A. Strickland was nominated on January 12, 1871,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 3rd sess., 12 January 1871, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> but the nomination was withdrawn, and Woods was nominated, on January 23, 1871.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 3rd sess., 23 January 1871, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> Woods was confirmed by the Senate on February 2, 1871,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 3rd sess., 2 February 1871, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and arrived in Salt Lake City in late March.<ref name="mcmullin-woods" />}}<br>&ndash;<br>February 2, 1875<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}{{efn|Woods left the territory on October 13, 1874; Territorial Secretary George A. Black acted as governor until his successor arrived.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1874-10-14 |title=Woods leaves Utah Territory October 13 |pages=4 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-woods-leaves-utah/128041121/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref>}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|10
|data-sort-value="Axtell, Samuel"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1819–1891)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-axtell">McMullin pp. 303&ndash;304</ref>
|{{dts|February 2, 1875}}{{efn|Axtell was nominated on December 15, 1874, for a term beginning February 2, 1875,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 43rd Cong., 2nd sess., 15 December 1874, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and he was confirmed by the Senate on December 21.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 43rd Cong., 2nd sess., 21 December 1874, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>July 1, 1875<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Axtell resigned, having been appointed ].<ref name="mcmullin-axtell" />}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|11
|data-sort-value="Emery, George"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1830–1909)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-emery">McMullin pp. 304&ndash;306</ref>
|{{dts|July 1, 1875}}{{efn|Emery was appointed on July 1, 1875, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-emery" /> nominated on December 9;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 44th Cong., 1st sess., 9 December 1875, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on December 13.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 44th Cong., 1st sess., 13 December 1875, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>January 27, 1880<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|12
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Murray, Eli"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1843–1896)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-murray">McMullin pp. 306&ndash;307</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 27, 1880}}{{efn|Murray was nominated on January 19, 1880;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 46th Cong., 2nd sess., 19 January 1880, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on January 27;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 46th Cong., 2nd sess., 27 January 1880, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and arrived in Salt Lake City a month later.<ref name="mcmullin-murray" />}}<br>&ndash;<br>March 16, 1886<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Murray's resignation was requested from President Cleveland, and was delivered on March 16, though it's unclear when it was actually submitted.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1886-03-17 |title=Murray resigns on or after March 16 |pages=2 |work=The Ogden Standard |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-ogden-standard-murray-resigns-on-or/128042828/ |access-date=2023-07-11}}</ref>}}
|{{sortname|Rutherford B.|Hayes}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|{{sortname|Chester A.|Arthur}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|13
|data-sort-value="West, Caleb"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1909)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-west">McMullin pp. 307&ndash;308</ref>
|{{dts|April 21, 1886}}{{efn|West was nominated on April 5, 1886;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 49th Cong., 1st sess., 5 April 1886, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on April 21;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 49th Cong., 1st sess., 21 April 1886, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and arrived in Salt Lake City on May 5.<ref name="mcmullin-west" />}}<br>&ndash;<br>May 6, 1889<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Grover|Cleveland}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|14
|data-sort-value="Thomas, Arthur"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1851–1824)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-thomas">McMullin pp. 308&ndash;310</ref>
|{{dts|May 6, 1889}}{{efn|Thomas was appointed on May 6, 1889, during a Senate recess;<ref name="mcmullin-thomas" /> nominated on December 9;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 51st Cong., 1st sess., 9 December 1889, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on December 17.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 51st Cong., 1st sess., 17 December 1889, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>May 9, 1893<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Benjamin|Harrison}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|15
|data-sort-value="West, Caleb"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1909)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-west" />
|{{dts|May 9, 1893}}{{efn|West was nominated on April 7, 1893,<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 53rd Cong., special sess., 7 April 1893, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate on April 11.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 53rd Cong., special sess., 11 April 1893, . Accessed July 11, 2023.</ref>}}<br>&ndash;<br>January 4, 1896<br>{{small|(statehood)}}
|{{sortname|Grover|Cleveland}}
|}


1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county
===Governors of the State of Utah===
The State of Utah was admitted to the Union on January 4, 1896.


1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf
The governor has a four-year term, commencing on the first Monday of the January after an election.<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 1</ref> The ] originally stated that, should the office of governor be vacant, the power be devolved upon the ],<ref>UT Const. original art. VII, §11</ref> but the office of ] was created in 1976,<ref name="ltgov">{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ovQoAAAAIBAJ&pg=7106,2264034&dq=lt+governor+created+utah&hl=en |title=Taxes, funds hot issues for Legislature |newspaper=Deseret News |location=Salt Lake City |date=January 10, 1976 |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref> and a 1980 constitutional amendment added it to the constitution.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kBt-uWWWinoC |title=The Utah State Constitution: A Reference Guide |last=White |first=Jean Bickmore |publisher=Greenwood Press |year=1998 |page=98 |access-date=May 17, 2010|isbn=9780313293511 }}</ref> If the office of governor becomes vacant during the first year of the term, the lieutenant governor becomes governor until the next general election; if it becomes vacant after the first year of the term, the lieutenant governor becomes governor for the remainder of the term.<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 11</ref> The offices of governor and lieutenant governor are elected on the same ].<ref>UT Const. art. VII, § 2</ref> The Governor of Utah was formerly limited to serving three terms, but all term limit laws were repealed by the Utah Legislature in 2003; Utah is one of the few states where gubernatorial term limits are not determined by the constitution.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ncsl.org/default.aspx?tabid=14831 |title=Utah set to repeal term limits |publisher=National Conference of State Legislatures |access-date=April 28, 2010}}</ref>


1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Governors of the State of Utah
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="3"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office
!scope="col"|Party
!scope="col"|Election
!scope="col" colspan="2"|]{{efn|Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|1
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Wells, Heber"|]
|rowspan="5" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|&nbsp;
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1859–1938)}}<br><ref name="sobel-wells">Sobel p. 1547</ref><ref name="nga-wells">{{cite web | title=Heber Manning Wells | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/heber-manning-wells/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 6, 1896}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1896-01-07 |title=Utah Gets Statehood, Part 1 of 2. |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-herald-utah-gets-statehood/26415301/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 2, 1905<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|colspan="2" rowspan="19" style="background:#EEEEEE;"|''Office did not exist''
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Cutler, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1846–1928)}}<br><ref name="sobel-cutler">Sobel p. 1548</ref><ref name="nga-cutler">{{cite web | title=John Christopher Cutler | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-christopher-cutler/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 2, 1905}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1905-01-02 |title=Cutler inaugurated January 2 |pages=1 |work=Deseret News |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/deseret-news-cutler-inaugurated-january/128066189/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 4, 1909<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|3
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Spryt, William"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1864–1929)}}<br><ref name="sobel-spry">Sobel pp. 1548&ndash;1549</ref><ref name="nga-spry">{{cite web | title=William Spry | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-spry/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 4, 1909}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1909-01-05 |title=Spry inaugurated January 4 |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-spry-inaugurated-j/128066244/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 1, 1917<br>{{small|(lost nomination)}}{{efn|Spry lost the Republican nomination to ].<ref name="sobel-spry" />}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|4
|data-sort-value="Bamberger, Simon"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1845–1926)}}<br><ref name="sobel-bamberger">Sobel pp. 1549&ndash;1550</ref><ref name="nga-bamberger">{{cite web | title=Simon Bamberger | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/simon-bamberger/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 1, 1917}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1917-01-01 |title=Bamberger inaugurated January 1 |pages=17 |work=The Journal |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-journal-bamberger-inaugurated-januar/128066342/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 3, 1921<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|5
|data-sort-value="Mabey, Charles"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1877–1959)}}<br><ref name="sobel-mabey">Sobel pp. 1550&ndash;1551</ref><ref name="nga-mabey">{{cite web | title=Charles Rendell Mabey | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-rendell-mabey/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 3, 1921}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1921-01-03 |title=Mabey inaugurated January 3 |pages=1 |work=The Daily Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald-mabey-inaugurated-janua/128066528/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 5, 1925<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|6
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Dern, George"|]
|rowspan="6" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1872–1936)}}<br><ref name="sobel-dern">Sobel pp. 1551&ndash;1552</ref><ref name="nga-dern">{{cite web | title=George Henry Dern | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-henry-dern/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 5, 1925}} <ref>{{Cite news |date=1925-01-05 |title=Dern inaugurated January 5 |pages=1 |work=Salt Lake Telegram |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/salt-lake-telegram-dern-inaugurated-janu/128066698/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 2, 1933<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|7
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Blood, Henry"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1872–1942)}}<br><ref name="sobel-blood">Sobel pp. 1552&ndash;1553</ref><ref name="nga-blood">{{cite web | title=Henry Hooper Blood | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/henry-hooper-blood/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 2, 1933}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1933-01-03 |title=Blood inaugurated January 2 |pages=1 |work=Cache American |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/cache-american-blood-inaugurated-january/128066798/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 6, 1941<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|8
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Maw, Herbert"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1893–1990)}}<br><ref name="sobel-maw">Sobel pp. 1553&ndash;1554</ref><ref name="nga-maw">{{cite web | title=Herbert Brown Maw | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/herbert-brown-maw/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 6, 1941}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1941-01-07 |title=Maw inaugurated January 6 |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-maw-inaugurated-ja/128067122/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 3, 1949<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|9
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Lee, J. Bracken"|]
|rowspan="4" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1899–1996)}}<br><ref name="sobel-lee">Sobel pp. 1554&ndash;1555</ref><ref name="nga-lee">{{cite web | title=Joseph Bracken Lee | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-bracken-lee/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 3, 1949}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1949-01-04 |title=Article clipped from The Salt Lake Tribune |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune/61198165/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 7, 1957<br>{{small|(lost election)}}{{efn|Lee lost the Republican nomination to ] and ran as an independent.<ref name="sobel-lee" />}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|10
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Clyde, George"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1898–1972)}}<br><ref name="sobel-clyde">Sobel pp. 1555&ndash;1556</ref><ref name="nga-clyde">{{cite web | title=George Dewey Clyde | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-dewey-clyde/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 7, 1957}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1957-01-08 |title=Clyde inaugurated January 7 |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-clyde-inaugurated/128067195/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 4, 1965<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="row"|11
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Rampton, Cal"|]
|rowspan="5" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1913–2007)}}<br><ref name="sobel-rampton">Sobel p. 1556</ref><ref name="nga-rampton">{{cite web | title=Calvin Lewellyn Rampton | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/calvin-lewellyn-rampton/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 4, 1965}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1965-01-05 |title=Rampton inaugurated January 4 |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-rampton-inaugurate/128067263/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 3, 1977<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|&nbsp;
|{{sortname|Clyde L.|Miller}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|12
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Matheson, Scott"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1929–1990)}}<br><ref name="sobel-matheson">Sobel p. 1557</ref><ref name="nga-matheson">{{cite web | title=Scott M. Matheson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/scott-m-matheson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 3, 1977}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1977-01-04 |title=Matheson inaugurated January 3 |pages=1 |work=The Daily Utah Chronicle |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-utah-chronicle-matheson-inaugu/128067317/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 7, 1985<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="10" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|David Smith|Monson}}{{efn|Represented the ]|name=lt-rep}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|13
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Bangerter, Norman"|]
|rowspan="15" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1933–2015)}}<br><ref name="nga-bangertger">{{cite web | title=Norman Howard Bangerter | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/norman-howard-bangerter/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 7, 1985}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1985-01-08 |title=Bangerter inaugurated January 7 |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-bangerter-inaugura/128067380/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 4, 1993<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|W. Val|Oveson}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="row"|14
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Leavitt, Mike"|]
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1951)}}<br><ref name="nga-leavitt">{{cite web | title=Michael Okerlund Leavitt | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/michael-okerlund-leavitt/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 4, 1993}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=1993-01-05 |title=Leavitt inaugurated January 4 |pages=9 |work=The Daily Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald-leavitt-inaugurated-jan/128067454/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />November 5, 2003<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Leavitt resigned, having been appointed ].<ref name="nga-leavitt" />}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|]
|rowspan="3"|{{sortname|Olene|Walker}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|15
|data-sort-value="Walker, Olene"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1930–2015)}}<br><ref name="nga-walker">{{cite web | title=Olene Smith Walker | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/olene-smith-walker/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 5, 2003}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2003-11-06 |title=Walker succeeds Leavitt November 5 |pages=1 |work=The Salt Lake Tribune |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-salt-lake-tribune-walker-succeeds-le/128067557/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 3, 2005<br>{{small|(lost nomination)}}{{efn|Walker lost the Republican nomination to ]}}
|]
|style="background:#EEEEEE"|{{small|Succeeded from<br>lieutenant<br>governor}}
|{{sortname|Gayle|McKeachnie}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|16
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Huntsman, Jon"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1960)}}<br><ref name="nga-huntsman">{{cite web | title=Jon Huntsman | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jon-huntsman-2/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 3, 2005}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2005-01-04 |title=Huntsman inaugurated January 3 |pages=1 |work=The Daily Spectrum |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-spectrum-huntsman-inaugurated/128067607/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />August 11, 2009<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Huntsman resigned, having been appointed ].<ref name="nga-huntsman" />}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Gary|Herbert}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="6" scope="row"|17
|rowspan="6" data-sort-value="Herbert, Gary"|]
|rowspan="6"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1947)}}<br><ref name="nga-herbert">{{cite web | title=Gary Herbert | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/gary-herbert/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="6"|{{dts|August 11, 2009}}<ref>{{Cite news |date=2009-08-12 |title=Herbert succeeds Huntsman August 11 |pages=1 |work=The Daily Herald |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald-herbert-succeeds-huntsm/128067673/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />January 4, 2021<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="6"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:#EEEEEE"|{{small|Succeeded from<br>lieutenant<br>governor}}
|colspan="2" style="background:#EEEEEE;"|''Vacant''
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="6" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|{{sortname|Greg|Bell|dab=politician}}<br />{{small|(appointed September 1, 2009)<br>(resigned October 16, 2013)}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]<br>{{small|(special)}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Spencer|Cox|dab=politician}}<br />{{small|(appointed October 16, 2013)}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|18
|data-sort-value="Cox, Spencer"|]
|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1975)}}<br><ref name="nga-cox">{{cite web | title=Spencer Cox | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/spencer-cox/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 2021}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=Lt. Gov. Spencer Cox is sworn in as Utah’s 18th governor |language=en-US |url=https://www.sltrib.com/news/politics/2021/01/04/lt-gov-spencer-cox-become/ |access-date=2023-07-12}}</ref><br />–<br />Incumbent{{efn|Cox's first term ] January 6, 2025.}}
|]
|]
|{{sortname|Deidre|Henderson}}
|}


1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N
==See also==
*]
*]


1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line:
==Notes==
beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills"
{{notelist}}
West to the Perdido


1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed
==References==
;General
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite web|title=Former Utah Governors|url=https://www.nga.org/former-governors/utah/|access-date=July 5, 2023|publisher=National Governors Association}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sobel|first=Robert|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0003sobe/|title=Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. III|publisher=Meckler Books|year=1978|isbn=9780930466008|access-date=May 9, 2023}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kallenbach|first=Joseph Ernest|url=http://archive.org/details/americanstategov0000kall|title=American State Governors, 1776-1976|date=1977|publisher=Oceana Publications|isbn=978-0-379-00665-0|access-date=June 15, 2023}}
*{{Cite book |last=McMullin |first=Thomas A. |url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0000mcmu |title=Biographical directory of American territorial governors |date=1984 |publisher=Westport, CT : Meckler |isbn=978-0-930466-11-4 |access-date=January 19, 2023}}
{{refend}}


1906: AL-MS boundary described as:
;Specific
West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek
{{reflist}}
Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek
Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County
Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula


1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed
==External links==
{{commons category | Governors of Utah}}
*{{official website|http://www.utah.gov/governor}}{{Dead link|date=March 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}


1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf
{{Governors of Utah}}
{{Lists of US Governors}}
{{Utah}}
{{Utah statewide elected officials}}
{{featured list}}


Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104
{{DEFAULTSORT:Utah, List Of Governors Of}}
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 19:34, 2 November 2024

History of the borders of Alabama

content

Alabama Territory was organized from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory on March 3, 1817. The act defined its borders as:

...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...

The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the 31st parallel north was surveyed in 1799 by Andrew Ellicott, and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.

The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:

... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.

The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13, and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the 35th parallel north, the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now West Point) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.

The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the 35th parallel north. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near 87th meridian west, just east of the Elk River, eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.

foo

notes

1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided: if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county

1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf

1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia

1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N

1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line: beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills" West to the Perdido

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as: West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

  1. 3 Stat. 371
  2. Van Zandt 1976, pp. 108–109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  3. https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278
  5. Van Zandt 1976, p. 103. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  6. Van Zandt 1976, p. 109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)