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History of the borders of Alabama
{{Short description|None}}
{{ElectionsVT}}
The '''governor of Vermont''' is the ] of the ] of ]. Since 1994, Vermont is one of only two U.S. states (] being the other) that elects governors for two-year terms.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.thegreenpapers.com/Hx/LengthOfTermGovernor.phtml |title=Length of Terms of Office of State Governors Throughout American History |last=Berg-Andersson |first=Richard E. |date=May 23, 2021 |website=The Green Papers |publisher=Richard E. Berg-Andersson |access-date=January 5, 2023}}</ref> Until 1870, Vermont elected its governors for one-year terms.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112041922/http://www.snellingcenter.org/filemanager/download/3681 |date=2016-01-12 }}</ref> ], ], ], and ] each served non-consecutive terms, while ] served non consecutive terms as Governor of the Vermont Republic.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sos.vermont.gov/vsara/research/executive-branch/state-officers/governors/ |title=State Officers: Executive Branch; Governors |author=Vermont State Archives & Records Administration |date=2017 |website=SOS.Vermont.Gov |publisher=Vermont Secretary of State |location=Montpelier, VT |access-date=January 5, 2023}}</ref>


==Mountain Rule== ==content==
] was organized from the eastern half of ] on March 3, 1817.<ref>{{usstat|3|371}}</ref>{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|pp=108-109}} The act defined its borders as:
From the founding of the ] in the 1850s until the 1960s, only Republicans won general elections for Vermont's statewide offices. One method that made this possible was the Republican Party's imposition of the "Mountain Rule," an informal mechanism which restricted the pool of candidates.<ref>, sos.vermont.gov</ref>
<blockquote>...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...</blockquote>


The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the ] was surveyed in 1799 by ], and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.
Under the provisions of the Mountain Rule, one U.S. senator was a resident of the east side of the ] and one resided on the west side, and the governorship and lieutenant governorship alternated between residents of the east and west side. Nominees for governor and lieutenant governor were originally allowed two one-year terms, and later one two-year term. For nearly 100 years, likely ] candidates for office in ] agreed to abide by the Mountain Rule in the interests of party unity. Several factors led to the eventual weakening of the Mountain Rule, including the long time political dispute between the ] (conservative) and ]–] (liberal) wings of the party; primaries rather than conventions to select nominees; the direct election of ]; and several active third parties, including the ], the ], and the ] movement. In the 1960s, the rise of the ] and the construction of ] also contributed to the end of the Mountain Rule. Though I-89 is a north-south route, it traverses Vermont from southeast to northwest for the majority of its length within the state and changed the way residents view how it is divided.<ref>, New York Times, February 12, 1895</ref><ref>, by Samuel B. Hand, Vermont History Magazine, published by Vermont Historical Society, Summer/Fall 2003, pages 139 to 151</ref>


The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:
==Governors==
<blockquote>... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek
===Vermont Republic===
or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.</blockquote>
The ] declared independence from ] on January 15, 1777.


The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13,<ref>https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164</ref> and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278</ref>. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the ], the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now ]) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=103}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Governors of the Republic of Vermont
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="2"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office
!scope="col"|Party
!scope="col"|Election
!scope="col"|Lt. Governor
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="11" scope="row"|1
|rowspan="11" data-sort-value="Chittenden, Thomas"|]
|rowspan="11"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1730–1797)}}<br><ref name="sobel-chittenden-thomas">Sobel p. 1561</ref><ref name="nga-chittenden-thomas">{{cite web | title=Thomas Chittenden | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/thomas-chittenden/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="11"|{{dts|March 13, 1778}}<ref>{{Cite book |author=State of Vermont |url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_1VgSAAAAYAAJ/page/243 |title=Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont | volume=I | date=1873 |publisher=Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland | page=243}}</ref><br />–<br />October 13, 1789<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|rowspan="11"|No party
|]
|{{sortname|Joseph|Marsh}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Benjamin|Carpenter}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|{{sortname|Elisha|Payne}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="4"|{{sortname|Paul|Spooner}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="4"|{{sortname|Joseph|Marsh}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Robinson, Moses"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1741–1813)}}<br><ref name="nga-robinson">{{cite web | title=Moses Robinson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/moses-robinson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 11, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 13, 1789}}<ref>{{Cite book |author=State of Vermont |url=https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno03verm/page/188 |title=Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont | volume=III | date=1873 |publisher=Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland | page=189}}</ref><br />–<br />October 20, 1790<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|No party
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|3
|data-sort-value="Chittenden, Thomas"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1730–1797)}}<br><ref name="sobel-chittenden-thomas" /><ref name="nga-chittenden-thomas" />
|{{dts|October 20, 1790}}<ref>{{Cite book |author=State of Vermont |url=https://archive.org/details/recordsofgoverno03verm/page/188 |title=Records of the Governor and Council of the State of Vermont | volume=III | date=1873 |publisher=Montpelier, J. & J.M. Poland | page=211}}</ref><br />–<br />March 4, 1791<br>{{small|(became state governor)}}
|No party
|]
|{{sortname|Peter|Olcott}}
|}


The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the ]. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near ], just east of the ], eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=109}}
==Governors of Vermont==


==foo==
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
* {{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=] |oclc=69426475}}
|+ Governors of the State of Vermont
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="3"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office
!scope="col"|Party
!scope="col"|Election
!scope="col" colspan="2"|]{{efn|Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|1
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Chittenden, Thomas"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Independent (politician)}};"|&nbsp;
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1730–1797)}}<br><ref name="sobel-chittenden-thomas" /><ref name="nga-chittenden-thomas" />
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|March 5, 1791}}<br />–<br />August 25, 1797<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ], ], ], ], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="6"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Brigham, Paul"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic-Republican}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1746–1824)}}<br><ref name="sobel-brigham">Sobel p. 1562</ref><ref name="nga-brigham">{{cite web | title=Paul Brigham | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/paul-brigham/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|August 25, 1797}}<br />–<br />October 16, 1797<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|succeeded
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|3
|data-sort-value="Tichenor, Isaac"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Federalist}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1754–1838)}}<br><ref name="sobel-tichenor">Sobel pp. 1562&ndash;1563</ref><ref name="nga-tichenor">{{cite web | title=Isaac Tichenor | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/isaac-tichenor/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 16, 1797}}<br />–<br />October 9, 1807<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|4
|data-sort-value="Smith, Israel"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic-Republican}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1759–1810)}}<br><ref name="sobel-smith-israel">Sobel pp. 1563&ndash;1564</ref><ref name="nga-smith-israel">{{cite web | title=Israel Smith | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/israel-smith/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 9, 1807}}<br />–<br />October 14, 1808<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|5
|data-sort-value="Tichenor, Isaac"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Federalist}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1754–1838)}}<br><ref name="sobel-tichenor" /><ref name="nga-tichenor" />
|{{dts|October 14, 1808}}<br />–<br />October 14, 1809<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|6
|data-sort-value="Galusha, Jonas"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic-Republican}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1753–1834)}}<br><ref name="sobel-galusha">Sobel pp. 1564&ndash;1565</ref><ref name="nga-galusha">{{cite web | title=Jonas Galusha | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jonas-galusha/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 14, 1809}}<br />–<br />October 23, 1813<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|], ], ], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|7
|data-sort-value="Chittenden, Martin"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Federalist}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1763–1840)}}<br><ref name="sobel-chittenden-martin">Sobel pp. 1565&ndash;1566</ref><ref name="nga-chittenden-martin">{{cite web | title=Martin Chittenden | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/martin-chittenden/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 23, 1813}}<br />–<br />October 14, 1815<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|8
|data-sort-value="Galusha, Jonas"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic-Republican}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1753–1834)}}<br><ref name="sobel-galusha" /><ref name="nga-galusha" />
|{{dts|October 14, 1815}}<br />–<br />October 23, 1820<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ], ], ], ]
|Paul Brigham
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|9
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Skinner, Richard"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Democratic-Republican}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1778–1833)}}<br><ref name="sobel-skinner">Sobel p. 1566</ref><ref name="nga-skinner">{{cite web | title=Richard Skinner | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/richard-skinner/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|October 23, 1820}}<br />–<br />October 10, 1823<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="3"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|10
|data-sort-value="Van Ness, Cornelius"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic-Republican}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1782–1852)}}<br><ref name="sobel-vanness">Sobel p. 1567</ref><ref name="nga-vanness">{{cite web | title=Cornelius P. Van Ness | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/cornelius-p-van-ness/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 10, 1823}}<br />–<br />October 13, 1826<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|11
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Butler, Ezra"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (US)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1763–1838)}}<br><ref name="sobel-butler">Sobel pp. 1567&ndash;1568</ref><ref name="nga-butler">{{cite web | title=Ezra Butler | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/ezra-butler/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|October 13, 1826}}<br />–<br />October 10, 1828<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|12
|data-sort-value="Crafts, Samuel"|]
|style="background:{{party color|National Republican Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1768–1853)}}<br><ref name="sobel-crafts">Sobel pp. 1568&ndash;1569</ref><ref name="nga-crafts">{{cite web | title=Samuel C. Crafts | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/samuel-c-crafts/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 10, 1828}}<br />–<br />October 18, 1831<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|13
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Palmer, William"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Anti-Masonic Party}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1781–1860)}}<br><ref name="sobel-palmer">Sobel pp. 1569&ndash;1570</ref><ref name="nga-palmer">{{cite web | title=William A. Palmer | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-a-palmer/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|October 18, 1831}}<br />–<br />November 2, 1835<br>{{small|(lost election)}}{{efn|Palmer received a plurality of the vote, but not the majority as required; the legislature remained deadlocked after 63 votes and dissolved without choosing a governor, so Lieutenant Governor Jennison acted as governor for the term.<ref name="sobel-palmer" />}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ], ], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|] (Whig)
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|14
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Jennison, Silas"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1791–1849)}}<br><ref name="sobel-jennison">Sobel pp. 1570&ndash;1571</ref><ref name="nga-jennison">{{cite web | title=Silas H. Jension | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/silas-h-jension/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|November 2, 1835}}<br />–<br />October 15, 1841<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ], ], ], ], ]
|{{Party shading/none}}|''vacant''
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|15
|data-sort-value="Paine, Charles"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1799–1853)}}<br><ref name="sobel-paine">Sobel p. 1571</ref><ref name="nga-paine">{{cite web | title=Charles Paine | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-paine/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 15, 1841}}<br />–<br />October 13, 1843<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|16
|data-sort-value="Mattocks, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1777–1847)}}<br><ref name="sobel-mattocks">Sobel p. 1572</ref><ref name="nga-mattocks">{{cite web | title=John Mattocks | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-mattocks/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 13, 1843}}<br />–<br />October 11, 1844<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|17
|data-sort-value="Slade, William"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1786–1859)}}<br><ref name="sobel-slade">Sobel pp. 1572&ndash;1573</ref><ref name="nga-slade">{{cite web | title=William Slade | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-slade/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 11, 1844}}<br />–<br />October 9, 1846<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|18
|data-sort-value="Eaton, Horace"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1804–1855)}}<br><ref name="sobel-eaton">Sobel pp. 1573&ndash;1574</ref><ref name="nga-eaton">{{cite web | title=Horace Eaton | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/horace-eaton/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 9, 1846}}<br />–<br />October 1, 1848<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|19
|data-sort-value="Coolidge, Carlos"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1792–1866)}}<br><ref name="sobel-coolidge">Sobel pp. 1574&ndash;1575</ref><ref name="nga-coolidge">{{cite web | title=Carlos Coolidge | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/carlos-coolidge/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 1, 1848}}<br />–<br />October 11, 1850<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|20
|data-sort-value="Williams, Charles"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1782–1853)}}<br><ref name="sobel-williams">Sobel pp. 1575&ndash;1576</ref><ref name="nga-williams">{{cite web | title=Charles Kilborn Williams | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-kilborn-williams/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 11, 1850}}<br />–<br />October 1, 1852<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|21
|data-sort-value="Fairbanks, Erastus"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1792–1864)}}<br><ref name="sobel-fairbanks-erastus">Sobel pp. 1576&ndash;1577</ref><ref name="nga-fairbanks-erastus">{{cite web | title=Erastus Fairbanks | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/erastus-fairbanks/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 1, 1852}}<br />–<br />October 1, 1853<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|22
|data-sort-value="Robinson, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1804–1860)}}<br><ref name="sobel-robinson">Sobel p. 1577</ref><ref name="nga-robinson">{{cite web | title=John Staniford Robinson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-staniford-robinson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 1, 1853}}<br />–<br />October 13, 1854<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|23
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Royce, Stephen"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Whig Party (US)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1787–1868)}}<br><ref name="sobel-royce">Sobel pp. 1577&ndash;1578</ref><ref name="nga-royce">{{cite web | title=Stephen Royce | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/stephen-royce/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|October 13, 1854}}<br />–<br />October 10, 1856<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|rowspan="2"|], ]
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|24
|data-sort-value="Fletcher, Ryland"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1799–1885)}}<br><ref name="sobel-fletcher-ryland">Sobel pp. 1578&ndash;1579</ref><ref name="nga-fletcher-ryland">{{cite web | title=Ryland Fletcher | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/ryland-fletcher/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 10, 1856}}<br />–<br />October 10, 1858<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|25
|data-sort-value="Hall, Hiland"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1795–1885)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hall">Sobel pp. 1579&ndash;1580</ref><ref name="nga-hall">{{cite web | title=Hiland Hall | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/hiland-hall/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 10, 1858}}<br />–<br />October 12, 1860<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|26
|data-sort-value="Fairbanks, Erastus"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1792–1864)}}<br><ref name="sobel-fairbanks-erastus" /><ref name="nga-fairbanks-erastus" />
|{{dts|October 12, 1860}}<br />–<br />October 11, 1861<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|27
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Holbrook, Frederick"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1813–1909)}}<br><ref name="sobel-holbrook">Sobel p. 1580</ref><ref name="nga-holbrook">{{cite web | title=Frederick Holbrook | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/frederick-holbrook/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|October 11, 1861}}<br />–<br />October 9, 1863<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|28
|data-sort-value="Smith, J. Gregory"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1818–1891)}}<br><ref name="sobel-smith-jgregory">Sobel p. 1581</ref><ref name="nga-smith-jgregory">{{cite web | title=John Gregory Smith | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-gregory-smith/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 9, 1863}}<br />–<br />October 13, 1865<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|29
|data-sort-value="Dillingham, Paul"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1799–1891)}}<br><ref name="sobel-dillingham-paul">Sobel pp. 1581&ndash;1582</ref><ref name="nga-dillingham-paul">{{cite web | title=Paul Dillingham | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/paul-dillingham/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 13, 1865}}<br />–<br />October 13, 1867<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;
!scope="row"|30
|data-sort-value="Page, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1826–1885)}}<br><ref name="sobel-page-john">Sobel pp. 1582&ndash;1583</ref><ref name="nga-page-john">{{cite web | title=John B. Page | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-b-page/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 13, 1867}}<br />–<br />October 15, 1869<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|31
|data-sort-value="Washburn, Peter"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1814–1870)}}<br><ref name="sobel-washburn">Sobel p. 1583</ref><ref name="nga-washburn">{{cite web | title=Peter T. Washburn | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/peter-t-washburn/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 15, 1869}}<br />–<br />February 7, 1870<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|32
|data-sort-value="Hendee, George"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1832–1906)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hendee">Sobel p. 1584</ref><ref name="nga-hendee">{{cite web | title=George Whitman Hendee | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-whitman-hendee/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|February 7, 1870}}<br />–<br />October 6, 1870<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|succeeded
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|33
|data-sort-value="Stewart, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1825–1915)}}<br><ref name="sobel-stewart">Sobel pp. 1584&ndash;1585</ref><ref name="nga-stewart">{{cite web | title=John Wolcott Stewart | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-wolcott-stewart/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 6, 1870}}<br />–<br />October 3, 1872<br>{{small|(lost nomination)}}{{efn|Stewart withdrew after the first ballot for the Republican nomination, throwing his support to the eventual winner, ].<ref name="sobel-stewart" />}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|34
|data-sort-value="Converse, Julius"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1798–1885)}}<br><ref name="sobel-converse">Sobel p. 1585</ref><ref name="nga-converse">{{cite web | title=Julius Converse | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/julius-converse/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 3, 1872}}<br />–<br />October 8, 1874<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|35
|data-sort-value="Peck, Asahel"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1803–1879)}}<br><ref name="sobel-peck">Sobel p. 1586</ref><ref name="nga-peck">{{cite web | title=Asahel Peck | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/asahel-peck/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 8, 1874}}<br />–<br />October 5, 1876<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|36
|data-sort-value="Fairbanks, Horace"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1820–1888)}}<br><ref name="sobel-fairbanks-horace">Sobel pp. 1586&ndash;1587</ref><ref name="nga-fairbanks-horace">{{cite web | title=Horace Fairbanks | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/horace-fairbanks/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 5, 1876}}<br />–<br />October 3, 1878<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|37
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Redfield 1"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1831–1908)}}<br><ref name="sobel-proctor-redfield-1">Sobel pp. 1587&ndash;1588</ref><ref name="nga-proctor-redfield-1">{{cite web | title=Redfield Proctor Sr. | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/redfield-proctor-sr/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 3, 1878}}<br />–<br />October 7, 1880<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|38
|data-sort-value="Farnham, Roswell"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1827–1903)}}<br><ref name="sobel-farnham">Sobel pp. 1588&ndash;1589</ref><ref name="nga-farnham">{{cite web | title=Roswell Farnham | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/roswell-farnham/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 7, 1880}}<br />–<br />October 5, 1882<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|39
|data-sort-value="Barstow, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1832–1913)}}<br><ref name="sobel-barstow">Sobel pp. 1589&ndash;1590</ref><ref name="nga-barstow">{{cite web | title=John Lester Barstow | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-lester-barstow/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 5, 1882}}<br />–<br />October 2, 1884<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|40
|data-sort-value="Pingree, Samuel"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1832–1922)}}<br><ref name="sobel-pingree">Sobel pp. 1590&ndash;1591</ref><ref name="nga-pingree">{{cite web | title=Samuel E. Pingree | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/samuel-e-pingree/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 2, 1884}}<br />–<br />October 7, 1886<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|41
|data-sort-value="Ormsbee, Ebenezer"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1834–1924)}}<br><ref name="sobel-ormsbee">Sobel p. 1591</ref><ref name="nga-ormsbee">{{cite web | title=Ebenezer Jolls Ormsbee | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/ebenezer-jolls-ormsbee/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 7, 1886}}<br />–<br />October 4, 1888<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|42
|data-sort-value="Dillingham, William"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1843–1923)}}<br><ref name="sobel-dillingham-william">Sobel p. 1592</ref><ref name="nga-dillingham-william">{{cite web | title=William Paul Dillingham | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-paul-dillingham/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 4, 1888}}<br />–<br />October 2, 1890<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|43
|data-sort-value="Page, Carroll"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1843–1925)}}<br><ref name="sobel-page-carroll">Sobel pp. 1592&ndash;1593</ref><ref name="nga-page-carroll">{{cite web | title=Carroll Smalley Page | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/carroll-smalley-page/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 2, 1890}}<br />–<br />October 6, 1892<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|44
|data-sort-value="Fuller, Levi"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1841–1896)}}<br><ref name="sobel-fuller">Sobel pp. 1593&ndash;1594</ref><ref name="nga-fuller">{{cite web | title=Levi Knight Fuller | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/levi-knight-fuller/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 6, 1892}}<br />–<br />October 4, 1894<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|45
|data-sort-value="Woodbury, Urban"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1838–1915)}}<br><ref name="sobel-woodbury">Sobel p. 1594</ref><ref name="nga-woodbury">{{cite web | title=Urban Andrain Woodbury | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/urban-andrain-woodbury/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 4, 1894}}<br />–<br />October 8, 1896<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|46
|data-sort-value="Grout, Josiah"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1841–1925)}}<br><ref name="sobel-grout">Sobel p. 1595</ref><ref name="nga-grout">{{cite web | title=Josiah Grout | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/josiah-grout/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 8, 1896}}<br />–<br />October 6, 1898<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|47
|data-sort-value="Smith, Edward"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1854–1935)}}<br><ref name="sobel-smith-edward">Sobel pp. 1595&ndash;1596</ref><ref name="nga-smith-edward">{{cite web | title=Edward Curtis Smith | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/edward-curtis-smith/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 6, 1898}}<br />–<br />October 4, 1900<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|48
|data-sort-value="Stickney, William"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1853–1932)}}<br><ref name="sobel-stickney">Sobel pp. 1596&ndash;1597</ref><ref name="nga-stickney">{{cite web | title=William W. Stickney | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-w-stickney/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 4, 1900}}<br />–<br />October 3, 1902<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|49
|data-sort-value="McCullough, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1835–1915)}}<br><ref name="sobel-mccullough">Sobel p. 1597</ref><ref name="nga-mccullough">{{cite web | title=John Griffith McCullough | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-griffith-mccullough/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 3, 1902}}<br />–<br />October 6, 1904<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|50
|data-sort-value="Bell, Charles"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1845–1909)}}<br><ref name="sobel-bell">Sobel p. 1598</ref><ref name="nga-bell">{{cite web | title=Charles James Bell | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-james-bell/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 6, 1904}}<br />–<br />October 4, 1906<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|51
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Fletcher"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1860–1911)}}<br><ref name="sobel-proctor-fletcher">Sobel pp. 1598&ndash;1599</ref><ref name="nga-proctor-fletcher">{{cite web | title=Fletcher Dutton Proctor | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/fletcher-dutton-proctor/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 4, 1906}}<br />–<br />October 8, 1908<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|52
|data-sort-value="Prouty, George"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1862–1918)}}<br><ref name="sobel-prouty">Sobel pp. 1599&ndash;1600</ref><ref name="nga-prouty">{{cite web | title=George Prouty | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-prouty/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 8, 1908}}<br />–<br />October 5, 1910<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|53
|data-sort-value="Mead, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1841–1920)}}<br><ref name="sobel-mead">Sobel pp. 1600&ndash;1601</ref><ref name="nga-mead">{{cite web | title=John Abner Mead | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-abner-mead/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 5, 1910}}<br />–<br />October 3, 1912<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|54
|data-sort-value="Fletcher, Allen"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1853–1922)}}<br><ref name="sobel-fletcher-allen">Sobel p. 1601</ref><ref name="nga-fletcher-allen">{{cite web | title=Allen M. Fletcher | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/allen-m-fletcher/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 3, 1912}}<br />–<br />January 7, 1915<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|55
|data-sort-value="Gates, Charles"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1856–1927)}}<br><ref name="sobel-gates">Sobel p. 1602</ref><ref name="nga-gates">{{cite web | title=Charles W. Gates | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-w-gates/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 7, 1915}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1917<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|56
|data-sort-value="Graham, Horace"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1862–1941)}}<br><ref name="sobel-graham">Sobel pp. 1602&ndash;1603</ref><ref name="nga-graham">{{cite web | title=Horace French Graham | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/horace-french-graham/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 1917}}<br />–<br />January 9, 1919<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|57
|data-sort-value="Clement, Percival"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1846–1927)}}<br><ref name="sobel-clement">Sobel pp. 1603&ndash;1604</ref><ref name="nga-clement">{{cite web | title=Percival W. Clement | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/percival-w-clement/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 9, 1919}}<br />–<br />January 6, 1921<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|58
|data-sort-value="Hartness, James"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1861–1934)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hartness">Sobel pp. 1604&ndash;1605</ref><ref name="nga-hartness">{{cite web | title=James Hartness | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/james-hartness/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 6, 1921}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1923<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|59
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Redfield 2"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1879–1957)}}<br><ref name="sobel-proctor-redfield-2">Sobel pp. 1605&ndash;1606</ref><ref name="nga-proctor-redfield-2">{{cite web | title=Redfield Proctor Jr. | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/redfield-proctor-jr/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 1923}}<br />–<br />January 8, 1925<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|60
|data-sort-value="Billings, Franklin"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1862–1935)}}<br><ref name="sobel-billings">Sobel p. 1606</ref><ref name="nga-billings">{{cite web | title=Franklin Swift Billings | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/franklin-swift-billings/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 8, 1925}}<br />–<br />January 6, 1927<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|61
|data-sort-value="Weeks, John"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1853–1949)}}<br><ref name="sobel-weeks">Sobel pp. 1606&ndash;1607</ref><ref name="nga-weeks">{{cite web | title=John Eliakim Weeks | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-eliakim-weeks/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 6, 1927}}<br />–<br />January 8, 1931<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]<br>]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|62
|data-sort-value="Wilson, Stanley"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1879–1967)}}<br><ref name="sobel-wilson">Sobel pp. 1607&ndash;1608</ref><ref name="nga-wilson">{{cite web | title=Stanley Calef Wilson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/stanley-calef-wilson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 8, 1931}}<br />–<br />January 10, 1935<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]<br>]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|63
|data-sort-value="Smith, Charles"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1868–1937)}}<br><ref name="sobel-smith-charles">Sobel pp. 1608&ndash;1609</ref><ref name="nga-smith-charles">{{cite web | title=Charles Manley Smith | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/charles-manley-smith/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 10, 1935}}<br />–<br />January 7, 1937<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|64
|data-sort-value="Aiken, George"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1892–1984)}}<br><ref name="sobel-aiken">Sobel p. 1609</ref><ref name="nga-aiken">{{cite web | title=George D. Aiken | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/george-d-aiken/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 7, 1937}}<br />–<br />January 9, 1941<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|65
|data-sort-value="Wills, William"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1882–1946)}}<br><ref name="sobel-wills">Sobel p. 1610</ref><ref name="nga-wills">{{cite web | title=William H. Wills | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-h-wills/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 9, 1941}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1945<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|66
|data-sort-value="Proctor, Mortimer"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1889–1968)}}<br><ref name="sobel-proctor-mortimer">Sobel pp. 1610&ndash;1611</ref><ref name="nga-proctor-mortimer">{{cite web | title=Mortimer R. Proctor | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/mortimer-r-proctor/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 1945}}<br />–<br />January 9, 1947<br>{{small|(lost nomination)}}{{efn|Proctor lost the Republican nomination to ]<ref name="sobel-proctor" />}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|67
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Gibson, Ernest"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1901–1969)}}<br><ref name="sobel-gibson">Sobel pp. 1611&ndash;1612</ref><ref name="nga-gibson">{{cite web | title=Ernest William Gibson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/ernest-william-gibson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 9, 1947}}<br />–<br />January 16, 1950<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Gibson resigned, having been appointed to the ].<ref name="sobel-gibson" />}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|68
|data-sort-value="Arthur, Harold"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1904–1971)}}<br><ref name="sobel-arthur">Sobel pp. 1612&ndash;1613</ref><ref name="nga-arthur">{{cite web | title=Harold John Arthur | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/harold-john-arthur/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 16, 1950}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1951<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|suceeded
|{{Party shading/none}}|''vacant''
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|69
|data-sort-value="Emerson, Lee"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1898–1976)}}<br><ref name="sobel-emerson">Sobel p. 1613</ref><ref name="nga-emerson">{{cite web | title=Lee Emerson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/lee-emerson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 1951}}<br />–<br />January 6, 1955<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|70
|data-sort-value="Johnson, Joseph"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1893–1986)}}<br><ref name="sobel-johnson">Sobel p. 1614</ref><ref name="nga-johnson">{{cite web | title=Joseph Blaine Johnson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-blaine-johnson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 6, 1955}}<br />–<br />January 8, 1959<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|]<br>]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|71
|data-sort-value="Stafford, Robert"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1913–2006)}}<br><ref name="sobel-stafford">Sobel pp. 1614&ndash;1615</ref><ref name="nga-stafford">{{cite web | title=Robert T. Stafford | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/robert-t-stafford/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 8, 1959}}<br />–<br />January 5, 1961<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|72
|data-sort-value="Keyser, F. Ray"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1927–2015)}}<br><ref name="sobel-keyser">Sobel pp. 1615&ndash;1616</ref><ref name="nga-keyser">{{cite web | title=F. Ray Keyser | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/f-ray-keyser/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 5, 1961}}<br />–<br />January 10, 1963<br>{{small|(lost election)}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|73
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Hoff, Philip"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1924–2018)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hoff">Sobel p. 1616</ref><ref name="nga-hoff">{{cite web | title=Philip Henderson Hoff | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/philip-henderson-hoff/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 10, 1963}}<br />–<br />January 9, 1969<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
|] (Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|74
|data-sort-value="Davis, Deane"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1900–1990)}}<br><ref name="sobel-davis">Sobel p. 1617</ref><ref name="nga-davis">{{cite web | title=Deane C. Davis | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/deane-c-davis/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 9, 1969}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1973<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|75
|data-sort-value="Salmon, Thomas"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1932)}}<br><ref name="sobel-salmon">Sobel pp. 1617&ndash;1618</ref><ref name="nga-salmon">{{cite web | title=Thomas P. Salmon | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/thomas-p-salmon/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 1973}}<br />–<br />January 6, 1977<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ]
|] (Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="row"|76
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Snelling, Richard"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1927–1991)}}<br><ref name="sobel-snelling">Sobel pp. 1618&ndash;1619</ref><ref name="nga-snelling">{{cite web | title=Richard A. Snelling | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/richard-a-snelling/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 6, 1977}}<br />–<br />January 10, 1985<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|rowspan="3"|], ], ], ]
|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
|] (Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="row"|77
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Kunin, Madeleine"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1933)}}<br><ref name="nga-kunin">{{cite web | title=Madeleine M. Kunin | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/madeleine-m-kunin/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 10, 1985}}<br />–<br />January 10, 1991<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|], ], ]
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|] (Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|78
|data-sort-value="Snelling, Richard"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1927–1991)}}<br><ref name="nga-snelling" />
|{{dts|January 10, 1991}}<br />–<br />August 13, 1991<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="row"|79
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Dean, Howard"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1948)}}<br><ref name="nga-dean">{{cite web | title=Howard Dean | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/howard-dean/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|August 13, 1991}}<br />–<br />January 9, 2003<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|rowspan="3"|succeeded, ], ], ], ], ]
|{{Party shading/none}}|''vacant''
|- style="height:2em;"
|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
|] (Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|80
|data-sort-value="Douglas, Jim"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1951)}}<br><ref name="nga-douglas">{{cite web | title=Jim Douglas | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jim-douglas/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 9, 2003}}<br />–<br />January 6, 2011<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ], ], ]
|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|81
|data-sort-value="Shumlin, Peter"|]
|style="background:{{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1956)}}<br><ref name="nga-shumlin">{{cite web | title=Peter Shumlin | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/peter-shumlin/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 6, 2011}}<br />–<br />January 5, 2017<br>{{small|(did not run)}}
|]
|], ], ]
|] (Republican)
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="row"|82
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Scott, Phil"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background:{{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1958)}}<br><ref name="nga-scott">{{cite web | title=Phil Scott | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/phil-scott/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 12, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 5, 2017}}<br />–<br />Incumbent{{efn|Scott's fourth term began on January 5, 2023, and ] in January 2025.}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|rowspan="3"|], ], ], ]
|style="background:{{party color|Vermont Progressive Party}};"|] (Progressive/Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
|] (Democratic)
|- style="height:2em;"
|style="background:{{party color|Vermont Progressive Party}};"|David Zuckerman (Progressive/Democratic)
|}


==See also== == notes ==
*]


1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided:
==Notes==
if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula
{{notelist}}


1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county
==References==
;General
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite web|title=Former Vermont Governors|url=https://www.nga.org/former-governors/vermont/|access-date=July 5, 2023|publisher=National Governors Association}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sobel|first=Robert|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0004unse/|title=Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV|publisher=Meckler Books|year=1978|isbn=9780930466008|access-date=June 13, 2023}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kallenbach|first=Joseph Ernest|url=http://archive.org/details/americanstategov0000kall|title=American State Governors, 1776-1976|date=1977|publisher=Oceana Publications|isbn=978-0-379-00665-0|access-date=June 15, 2023}}
{{refend}}


1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf
;Specific
{{reflist}}


1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia
{{Lists of US Governors}}
{{Governors of Vermont}}
{{Vermont}}


1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vermont, List of Governors of}}

]
1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line:
]
beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills"
]
West to the Perdido

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as:
West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek
Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek
Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County
Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

Latest revision as of 19:34, 2 November 2024

History of the borders of Alabama

content

Alabama Territory was organized from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory on March 3, 1817. The act defined its borders as:

...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...

The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the 31st parallel north was surveyed in 1799 by Andrew Ellicott, and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.

The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:

... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.

The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13, and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the 35th parallel north, the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now West Point) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.

The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the 35th parallel north. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near 87th meridian west, just east of the Elk River, eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.

foo

notes

1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided: if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county

1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf

1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia

1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N

1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line: beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills" West to the Perdido

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as: West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

  1. 3 Stat. 371
  2. Van Zandt 1976, pp. 108–109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  3. https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278
  5. Van Zandt 1976, p. 103. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  6. Van Zandt 1976, p. 109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)