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History of the borders of Alabama
{{Short description|none}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2018}}
{{Use American English|date=July 2018}}
{{Infobox official post
|post = Governor
|body = Wyoming
|insignia = Seal of the Governor of Wyoming.svg
|insigniasize = 110px
|insigniacaption = Seal of the governor
|image = Mark Gordon 2022.jpg
|imagesize = 200px
|incumbent = ]
|incumbentsince = January 7, 2019
|style = {{ublist|]<br>(informal)|]<br>(formal)}}
|status = {{ublist|]|]}}
|termlength = Four years, renewable once (limited to eight years in a sixteen year period)
|residence = ]
|formation = ]
|inaugural = ]
|salary = $105,000 (2013)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://knowledgecenter.csg.org/kc/content/csg-releases-2013-governor-salaries|title=CSG Releases 2013 Governor Salaries|publisher=The Council of State Governments|date=June 25, 2013|access-date=November 23, 2014}}</ref>
|website =
}}


==content==
The '''governor of Wyoming''' is the ] of ], and the ] of the ]'s ].
] was organized from the eastern half of ] on March 3, 1817.<ref>{{usstat|3|371}}</ref>{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|pp=108-109}} The act defined its borders as:
<blockquote>...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...</blockquote>


The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the ] was surveyed in 1799 by ], and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.
The gubernatorial term has been set at four years since statehood. Originally, a governor could be elected any number of times. Since a 1992 referendum, governors have been limited to eight years in office during any 16-year period—effectively limiting them to two consecutive terms.


The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:
==Governors==
<blockquote>... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek
or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.</blockquote>


The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13,<ref>https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164</ref> and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.<ref>https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278</ref>. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the ], the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now ]) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=103}}
===Governors of the Territory of Wyoming===


The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the ]. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near ], just east of the ], eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.{{sfn|Van Zandt|1976|p=109}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Governors of the Territory of Wyoming
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="2"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office{{efn|The range given is from the date the governor was confirmed by the Senate, or appointed by the President during a Senate recess, to the date the governor's successor was confirmed, unless noted.}}
!scope="col"|Appointing President
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|1
|data-sort-value="Campbell, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1835–1880)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-campbell">McMullin pp. 337&ndash;338</ref>
|{{dts|April 7, 1869}}{{efn|Campbell was nominated on April 3, 1869;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 1st sess., 3 April 1869, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on April 7;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 41st Cong., 1st sess., 7 April 1869, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> took the oath of office on April 15;<ref name="mcmullin-campbell" /> and arrived in the territory on May 7.<ref name="mcmullin-campbell" /> He was reconfirmed by the Senate on March 26, 1873.<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 43rd Cong., special sess., 26 March 1873, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref>}}<br />–<br />February 10, 1875<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Thayer, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1820–1906)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-thayer">McMullin pp. 338&ndash;339</ref>
|{{dts|February 10, 1875}}{{efn|Thayer was nominated<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 43rd Cong., 2nd sess., 10 February 1875, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> and confirmed by the Senate<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 43rd Cong., 2nd sess., 10 February 1875, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> on February 10, 1875, and took the oath of office on March 1.<ref name="mcmullin-thayer" />}}<br />–<br />April 10, 1878<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Ulysses S.|Grant}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|3
|data-sort-value="Hoyt, John"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1831–1912)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-hoyt">McMullin pp. 339&ndash;340</ref>
|{{dts|April 10, 1878}}{{efn|Hoyt was nominated on March 12, 1878;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 45th Cong., 2nd sess., 12 March 1878, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on April 10;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 45th Cong., 2nd sess., 10 April 1878, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> and arrived in the territory on May 29.<ref name="mcmullin-hoyt" />}}<br />–<br />August 3, 1882<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Rutherford B.|Hayes}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|4
|data-sort-value="Hale, William"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1837–1885)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-hale">McMullin p. 341</ref>
|{{dts|August 3, 1882}}{{efn|Hale was nominated on July 26, 1882;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 47th Cong., 1st sess., 26 July 1882, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on August 3;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 47th Cong., 1st sess., 3 August 1882, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> and took the oath of office on August 22.<ref name="mcmullin-hale" />}}<br />–<br />January 13, 1885<br>{{small|(died in office)}}{{efn|Territorial Secretary ] acted as governor until Hale's successor arrived.<ref name="mcmullin-hale" />}}
|{{sortname|Chester A.|Arthur}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|5
|data-sort-value="Warren, Francis"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1929)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-warren">McMullin pp. 341&ndash;343</ref><ref name="sobel-warren" />
|{{dts|February 27, 1885}}{{efn|Warren was nominated on February 26, 1885;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 48th Cong., 2nd sess., 26 February 1885, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on February 27;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 48th Cong., 2nd sess., 27 February 1885, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> and took the oath of office on February 28.<ref name="mcmullin-warren" />}}<br />–<br />November 11, 1886<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Chester A.|Arthur}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|6
|data-sort-value="Baxter, George"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1855–1929)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-baxter">McMullin pp. 343&ndash;344</ref>
|{{dts|November 11, 1886}}{{efn|Baxter was appointed on November 11, 1886, during a Senate recess.<ref name="mcmullin-baxter" /> He was not confirmed by the Senate before he resigned.}}<br />–<br />December 20, 1886<br>{{small|(resigned)}}{{efn|Baxter resigned due to charges of grazing cattle on government land; Territorial Secretary ] acted as governor until his successor arrived.<ref name="mcmullin-baxter" />}}
|{{sortname|Grover|Cleveland}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|7
|data-sort-value="Moonlight, Thomas"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1833–1899)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-moonlight">McMullin pp. 344&ndash;346</ref>
|{{dts|December 20, 1886}}{{efn|Moonlight was nominated on December 8, 1886;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 49th Cong., 2nd sess., 8 December 1886, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on December 20;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 49th Cong., 2nd sess., 20 December 1886, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> and took the oath of office on January 24, 1887.<ref name="mcmullin-moonlight" />}}<br />–<br />April 9, 1889<br>{{small|(successor appointed)}}
|{{sortname|Grover|Cleveland}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|8
|data-sort-value="Warren, Francis"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1929)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-warren" /><ref name="sobel-warren" />
|{{dts|April 9, 1889}}{{efn|Warren was nominated on March 26, 1889;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 51st Cong., special sess., 26 March 1889, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> confirmed by the Senate on March 27;<ref>U.S. ''Senate Exec. Journal''. 51st Cong., special sess., 27 March 1889, . Accessed July 22, 2023.</ref> and took the oath of office on April 9.<ref name="mcmullin-warren" />}}<br />–<br />October 11, 1890<br>{{small|(became state governor)}}
|{{sortname|Benjamin|Harrison}}
|}


==foo==
===Governors of the State of Wyoming===
* {{cite book |author=Van Zandt, Franklin K. |year=1976 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ |title=Boundaries of the United States and the Several States: With Miscellaneous Geographic Information Concerning Areas, Altitudes, and Geographic Centers |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=] |oclc=69426475}}
{|class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Governors of the State of Wyoming
!scope="col" data-sort-type="number"|{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!scope="col" colspan="3"|Governor
!scope="col"|Term in office
!scope="col"|Party
!scope="col"|Election
!scope="col" colspan="2"|]{{efn|Lieutenant governors represented the same party as their governor unless noted.}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|1
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Warren, Francis"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|&nbsp;
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1844–1929)}}<br><ref name="mcmullin-warren" /><ref name="sobel-warren">Sobel p. 1765</ref><ref name="nga-warren">{{cite web | title=Francis E. Warren | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/francis-e-warren/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|October 11, 1890}}<br />–<br />November 24, 1890<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="10" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|&nbsp;
|{{sortname|John W.|Meldrum}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="3"|{{sortname|Amos W.|Barber}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|2
|data-sort-value="Barber, Amos"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1860–1915)}}<br><ref name="sobel-barber">Sobel p. 1766</ref><ref name="nga-barber">{{cite web | title=Amos Walker Barber | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/amos-walker-barber/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|November 24, 1890}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1893<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|3
|data-sort-value="Osborne, John"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1858–1943)}}<br><ref name="sobel-osborne">Sobel pp. 1766&ndash;1767</ref><ref name="nga-osborne">{{cite web | title=John Eugene Osborne | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-eugene-osborne/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 2, 1893}}<br />–<br />January 7, 1895<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|4
|data-sort-value="Richards, William"|]
|rowspan="6" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1849–1912)}}<br><ref name="sobel-richards-william">Sobel pp. 1767&ndash;1768</ref><ref name="nga-richards-william">{{cite web | title=William Alford Richards | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-alford-richards/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 7, 1895}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1899<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|{{sortname|Charles W.|Burdick|nolink=1}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|5
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Richards, DeForest"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1846–1903)}}<br><ref name="sobel-richards-deforest">Sobel pp. 1768&ndash;1769</ref><ref name="nga-richards-deforest">{{cite web | title=De Forest Richards | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/de-forest-richards/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 2, 1899}}<br />–<br />April 28, 1903<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="4"|{{sortname|Fenimore|Chatterton}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|6
|data-sort-value="Chatterton, Fenimore"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1860–1958)}}<br><ref name="sobel-chatterton">Sobel p. 1769</ref><ref name="nga-chatterton">{{cite web | title=Fenimore Chatterton | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/fenimore-chatterton/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|April 28, 1903}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1905<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|7
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Brooks, Bryant"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1861–1944)}}<br><ref name="sobel-brooks">Sobel p. 1770</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 2, 1905}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1911<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|{{sortname|William|Schnitger|nolink=1}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|8
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Carey, Joseph"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1845–1924)}}<br><ref name="sobel-carey-joseph">Sobel pp. 1770&ndash;1771</ref><ref name="nga-carey-joseph">{{cite web | title=Joseph Maull Carey | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/joseph-maull-carey/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 2, 1911}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1915<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|rowspan="2"|]
|rowspan="4" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="4"|{{sortname|Frank L.|Houx}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|style="background: {{party color|Progressive Party (United States, 1912)}};"|
|]<ref>Switched parties from Republican to Progressive in 1912.</ref>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|9
|data-sort-value="Kendrick, John"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1857–1933)}}<br><ref name="sobel-kendrick">Sobel pp. 1771&ndash;1772</ref><ref name="nga-kendrick">{{cite web | title=John Benjamin Kendrick | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-benjamin-kendrick/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 4, 1915}}<br />–<br />February 26, 1917<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|10
|data-sort-value="Houx, Frank"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1854–1941)}}<br><ref name="sobel-houx">Sobel p. 1772</ref><ref name="nga-houx">{{cite web | title=Frank L. Houx | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/frank-l-houx/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|February 26, 1917}}<br />–<br />January 6, 1919<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|11
|data-sort-value="Carey, Robert"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1878–1937)}}<br><ref name="sobel-carey-robert">Sobel p. 1773</ref><ref name="nga-carey-robert">{{cite web | title=Robert Davis Carey | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/robert-davis-carey/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 6, 1919}}<br />–<br />January 1, 1923<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="9" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|{{sortname|William E.|Chaplin|nolink=1}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|12
|data-sort-value="Ross, William"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1873–1924)}}<br><ref name="sobel-ross-william">Sobel pp. 1773&ndash;1774</ref><ref name="nga-ross-william">{{cite web | title=William Bradford Ross | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/william-bradford-ross/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 1, 1923}}<br />–<br />October 2, 1924<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="3"|{{sortname|Frank|Lucas|dab=Wyoming politician}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|13
|data-sort-value="Lucas, Frank"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1876–1948)}}<br><ref name="sobel-lucas">Sobel p. 1774</ref><ref name="nga-lucas">{{cite web | title=Franklin Earl Lucas | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/franklin-earl-lucas/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|October 2, 1924}}<br />–<br />January 5, 1925<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|14
|data-sort-value="Ross, Nellie"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1876–1977)}}<br><ref name="sobel-ross-nellie">Sobel p. 1775</ref><ref name="nga-ross-nellie">{{cite web | title=Nellie Tayloe Ross | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/nellie-tayloe-ross/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 5, 1925}}<br />–<br />January 3, 1927<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|15
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Emerson, Frank"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1882–1931)}}<br><ref name="sobel-emerson">Sobel pp. 1775&ndash;1776</ref><ref name="nga-emerson">{{cite web | title=Frank Collins Emerson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/frank-collins-emerson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 3, 1927}}<br />–<br />February 18, 1931<br>{{small|(died in office)}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="5"|{{sortname|Alonzo M.|Clark}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|16
|data-sort-value="Clark, Alonzo"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1868–1952)}}<br><ref name="sobel-clark">Sobel pp. 1776&ndash;1777</ref><ref name="nga-clark">{{cite web | title=Alonzo M. Clark | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/alonzo-m-clark/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|February 18, 1931}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1933<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|17
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Miller, Leslie"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1886–1970)}}<br><ref name="sobel-miller">Sobel p. 1777</ref><ref name="nga-miller">{{cite web | title=Leslie A. Miller | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/leslie-a-miller/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 2, 1933}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1939<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Lester C.|Hunt}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|18
|data-sort-value="Smith, Nels"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1884–1976)}}<br><ref name="sobel-smith">Sobel pp. 1777&ndash;1778</ref><ref name="nga-smith">{{cite web | title=Nels H. Smith | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/nels-h-smith/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 2, 1939}}<br />–<br />January 4, 1943<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|19
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Hunt, Lester"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1892–1954)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hunt">Sobel pp. 1778&ndash;1779</ref><ref name="nga-hunt">{{cite web | title=Lester Calloway Hunt | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/lester-calloway-hunt/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 4, 1943}}<br />–<br />January 3, 1949<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|rowspan="2"|]
|style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|{{sortname|Mart T.|Christensen|nolink=1}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|{{sortname|William|Jack}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="5" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|{{sortname|Arthur G.|Crane}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|20
|data-sort-value="Crane, Arthur"|]
|rowspan="4" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1877–1955)}}<br><ref name="sobel-crane">Sobel p. 1779</ref><ref name="nga-crane">{{cite web | title=Arthur Griswold Crane | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/arthur-griswold-crane/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 3, 1949}}<br />–<br />January 1, 1951<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|{{sortname|Arthur G.|Crane}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|21
|data-sort-value="Barrett, Frank"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1892–1962)}}<br><ref name="sobel-barrett">Sobel pp. 1779&ndash;1780</ref><ref name="nga-barrett">{{cite web | title=Frank A. Barrett | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/6861-2/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 1, 1951}}<br />–<br />January 3, 1953<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Clifford Joy|Rogers}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|22
|data-sort-value="Rogers, Clifford"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1897–1962)}}<br><ref name="sobel-rogers">Sobel p. 1780</ref><ref name="nga-rogers">{{cite web | title=Clifford Joy Rogers | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/clifford-joy-rogers/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 3, 1953}}<br />–<br />January 3, 1955<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|23
|data-sort-value="Simpson, Milward"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1897–1993)}}<br><ref name="sobel-simpson">Sobel p. 1781</ref><ref name="nga-simpson">{{cite web | title=Milward L. Simpson | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/milward-l-simpson/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 3, 1955}}<br />–<br />January 5, 1959<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|{{sortname|Everett T.|Copenhaver|nolink=1}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|24
|data-sort-value="Hickey, Joe"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1911–1970)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hickey">Sobel pp. 1781&ndash;1782</ref><ref name="nga-hickey">{{cite web | title=John Joseph Hickey | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/john-joseph-hickey/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 5, 1959}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1961<br>{{small|(resigned)}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Jack R.|Gage}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|25
|data-sort-value="Gage, Jack"|]
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1899–1970)}}<br><ref name="sobel-gage">Sobel pp. 1782&ndash;1783</ref><ref name="nga-gage">{{cite web | title=Jack Robert Gage | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jack-robert-gage/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 2, 1961}}<br />–<br />January 7, 1963<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|bgcolor="#EEEEEE"|<small>Succeeded from<br>Secretary of<br>State</small>
|- style="height:2em;"
!scope="row"|26
|data-sort-value="Hansen, Clifford"|]
|rowspan="3" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1912–2009)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hansen">Sobel p. 1783</ref><ref name="nga-hansen">{{cite web | title=Clifford P. Hansen | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/clifford-p-hansen/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|{{dts|January 7, 1963}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1967<br>{{small|()}}
|]
|]
|rowspan="6" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="6"|{{sortname|Thyra|Thomson}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|27
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Hathaway, Stanley"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1924–2005)}}<br><ref name="sobel-hathaway">Sobel pp. 1783&ndash;1784</ref><ref name="nga-hathaway">{{cite web | title=Stanley K. Hathaway | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/stanley-k-hathaway/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 2, 1967}}<br />–<br />January 6, 1975<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="3" scope="rowgroup"|28
|rowspan="3" data-sort-value="Herschler, Edgar"|]
|rowspan="5" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="3"|''']'''<br>{{Small|(1918–1990)}}<br><ref name="sobel-herschler">Sobel pp. 1784&ndash;1785</ref><ref name="nga-herschler">{{cite web | title=Edward Herschler | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/edward-herschler/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="3"|{{dts|January 6, 1975}}<br />–<br />January 5, 1987<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="3"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|29
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Sullivan, Mike"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1939)}}<br><ref name="nga-sullivan">{{cite web | title=Michael J. Sullivan | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/michael-j-sullivan/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 5, 1987}}<br />–<br />January 2, 1995<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Kathy|Karpan}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|30
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Geringer, Jim"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1944)}}<br><ref name="nga-geringer">{{cite web | title=Jim Geringer | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/jim-geringer/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 2, 1995}}<br />–<br />January 6, 2003<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|rowspan="10" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|{{sortname|Diana J.|Ohman}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Joseph|Meyer|dab=Wyoming politician}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|31
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Freudenthal, Dave"|]
|rowspan="2" style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1950)}}<br><ref name="nga-freudenthal">{{cite web | title=Dave Freudenthal | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/dave-freudenthal/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 6, 2003}}<br />–<br />January 3, 2011<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|rowspan="3"|{{sortname|Max|Maxfield}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="4" scope="rowgroup"|32
|rowspan="4" data-sort-value="Mead, Matt"|]
|rowspan="6" style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};"|
|rowspan="4"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1962)}}<br><ref name="nga-mead">{{cite web | title=Matthew Mead | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/matthew-mead/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="4"|{{dts|January 3, 2011}}<br />–<br />January 7, 2019<br>{{small|()}}
|rowspan="4"|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|]
|{{sortname|Ed|Murray|dab=Wyoming politician}}
|- style="height:2em;"
|rowspan="2"|{{sortname|Edward|Buchanan}}
|- style="height:2em;"
!rowspan="2" scope="rowgroup"|33
|rowspan="2" data-sort-value="Gordon, Mark"|]
|rowspan="2"|''']'''<br>{{small|({{Abbr|b.|born in}} 1957)}}<br><ref name="nga-gordon">{{cite web | title=Mark Gordon | url=https://www.nga.org/governor/mark-gordon/ | publisher=] | access-date=July 22, 2023}}</ref>
|rowspan="2"|{{dts|January 7, 2019}}<br />–<br />Incumbent{{efn|Gordon's second term began on January 2, 2023, and ] January 4, 2027; he will be term-limited.}}
|rowspan="2"|]
|]
|- style="height:2em;"
|]
|{{sortname|Chuck|Gray|dab=Wyoming politician}}
|}


==See also== == notes ==
*]


1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided:
==Notes==
if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula
{{notelist}}


1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county
==References==
;General
{{refbegin}}
*{{Cite web|title=Former Wyoming Governors|url=https://www.nga.org/former-governors/wyoming/|access-date=July 22, 2023|publisher=National Governors Association}}
*{{Cite book|last=Sobel|first=Robert|url=https://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0004unse/|title=Biographical directory of the governors of the United States, 1789-1978, Vol. IV|publisher=Meckler Books|year=1978|isbn=9780930466008|access-date=June 13, 2023}}
*{{Cite book|last=Kallenbach|first=Joseph Ernest|url=http://archive.org/details/americanstategov0000kall|title=American State Governors, 1776-1976|date=1977|publisher=Oceana Publications|isbn=978-0-379-00665-0|access-date=June 15, 2023}}
*{{Cite book|last=McMullin|first=Thomas A.|url=http://archive.org/details/biographicaldire0000mcmu|title=Biographical directory of American territorial governors|date=1984|publisher=Westport, CT : Meckler|isbn=978-0-930466-11-4|access-date=January 19, 2023}}
{{refend}}


1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf
;Specific
{{reflist}}


1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia


1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N
{{Lists of US Governors}}
{{Wyoming statewide political officials}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wyoming, List of governors of}}


1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line:
]
beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills"
]
West to the Perdido
]

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as:
West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek
Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek
Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County
Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

Latest revision as of 19:34, 2 November 2024

History of the borders of Alabama

content

Alabama Territory was organized from the eastern half of Mississippi Territory on March 3, 1817. The act defined its borders as:

...beginning at the point where the line of the thirty-first degree of north latitude intersects the Perdido river, thence east to the western boundary line of the state of Georgia, thence along said line to the southern boundary line to the state of Tennessee, thence west along said boundary line to the Tennessee river, thence up the same to the mouth of Bear creek, thence by a direct line to the north-west corner of Washington county, thence due south to the Gulf of Mexico, thence eastwardly, including all the islands within six leagues of the shore, to the Perdido river, and thence up the same to the beginning...

The border between Georgia and Spanish Florida along the 31st parallel north was surveyed in 1799 by Andrew Ellicott, and this line was inherited by Alabama Territory.

The western boundary of Georgia was defined in 1802 as:

... a line beginning on the western bank of the Chatahouchie River where the same crosses the boundary line between the United States and Spain; running thence up the said River Chatahouchie, and along the western bank thereof to the great bend thereof, next above the place where a certain creek or river, called "Uchee" (being the first considerable stream on the western side, above the Cussetas and Coweta towns), empties into the Chatahouchie River; thence in a direct line to Nickajack, on Tennessee River; thence crossing the said last-mentioned river, and thence running up the said Tennessee River and along the western bank thereof to the southern boundary line of the State of Tennessee.

The location of Nickajack was surveyed in 1818, with the report being filed on July 13, and it being approved on December 18, though it is an open question whether that law was sufficient.. While the southern boundary of Tennessee was intended to be the 35th parallel north, the line was incorrectly surveyed south by a mile, so the described border never reaches the Tennessee River. The great bend of the Chattahoochee was surveyed as being located at Miller's Bend (now West Point) and the line from Nickajack to Miller's Bend was surveyed in 1826, but Alabama didn't accept this survey until January 24, 1840.

The southern boundary of Tennessee was inherited from North Carolina, and was defined in the 1776 North Carolina constitution as the 35th parallel north. However, this was not surveyed until the early 19th century. In October 1807, this line was surveyed from a point near 87th meridian west, just east of the Elk River, eastward to the old Cherokee line, about 30 miles. In 1817, the line was extended west to the Tennessee River, and between 1822 and 1839 the line was run east to Georgia.

foo

notes

1819-03-02: Enabling Act for admission defined boundaries as above; sec 3 provided: if the south line encroaches on Wayne, Green, or Jackson Counties in Mississippi, the line will be changed to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1820-10-12: field notes filed for survey from bear creek to washington county

1820-07-19: demarcation of new line from washington county to gulf

1822-1839: 1817-? border run east as far as georgia

1831: 4 Stat L. 479 defined AL-FL border was 31 N

1847: AL-FL line described as Ellicott's Line: beginning on the Chattahoochee near "Irwin's Mills" West to the Perdido

1853: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1906: AL-MS boundary described as: West bank of tennessee, six four-pole chains south of and above the mouth of yellow creek Up that to the mouth of Bear Creek Line to what was formerly the NW corner of Washington County Line to a point 10 miles east of the mouth of the Pascagoula

1911: Ellicott's Line resurveyed

1954-05-06: AL and FL defined boundary at mouth of perdido and extend it into the gulf

Check code of alabama "1876, p. 189" for GA border, see vz 104

  1. 3 Stat. 371
  2. Van Zandt 1976, pp. 108–109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  3. https://dlg.usg.edu/record/dlg_zlna_tcc775?canvas=0&x=400&y=400&w=1164
  4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40577307?searchText=georgia+tennessee+line&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dgeorgia%2Btennessee%2Bline%26so%3Drel&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A192d121bc98e4e65840ae02d9d42c549&seq=10 page 278
  5. Van Zandt 1976, p. 103. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)
  6. Van Zandt 1976, p. 109. sfn error: no target: CITEREFVan_Zandt1976 (help)