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| {{For|electronic band|Joujouka (band)}} | |||
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| '''Jajouka''', '''Jahejouka''' or '''Zahjoukah'''<ref>{{cite book |last=Geiger |first=John |title=Nothing Is True - Everything Is Permitted: The Life of Brion Gysin |year=2005 |publisher=The Disinformation Company |isbn=1-932857-12-5 |quote=Joujouka/Jajouka/Zahjoukah in Walter Armbrust (ed.), ''Mass Mediations, New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and beyond'', (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000 p.151). Another spelling is Joujouka and a more unusual variant is Zahjoukah, although Jajouka, considered more accurate phonetically, seems to have become more common.|page=114 }}</ref> (Tifinagh: ⵣⴰⵀⵊⵓⴽⴰ' {{Langx|ar|جوجوكة|Jūjūka}} or {{lang|ar|جهجوكة}} ''Jahajūka'') is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern end of the ], ]. The mountains are named after the Ahl-Srif tribe who populate the region. | |||
| ⚫ | ==The musical heritage== | ||
| '''Jajouka''' (sometimes spelled '''Joujouka''') is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern ]. The mountains are named after the Ahl-Srif tribe who populate the region. | |||
| ] | |||
| ⚫ | Jajouka or Zahjouka is well known as home to two ] trance musicians groups, ] and the ] managed by ]. The music from Jajouka attracted the attention of writers ] and ] in the 1950s because the Sufi trance musicians there appeared to still celebrate the rites of the god ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Murphy|first=Timothy S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=x_x5kgD1ijAC&dq=Jajouka&pg=PA222|title=Wising Up the Marks: The Amodern William Burroughs|date=1998-01-05|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-91940-2|language=en}}</ref> ], who had been introduced to the master musicians by ], propagated this idea. Gysin linked the village's Boujeloud festival, where a boy sewn in ]s danced with sticks while the musicians play to keep him at bay, to the ancient "Rites of Pan". In 1967 and 1968 ], lead guitarist with ], visited the village; at the end of his stay, he recorded the musicians for the LP '']''. The LP was released on ] in 1971, some two years after Jones's death. The record was reissued in 1995 by Point Music. The music from this village attracted an influx of westerners, including some who later recorded there, such as ] and ]. | ||
| ⚫ | == |
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| ⚫ | == See also == | ||
| * ] | |||
| A second album by the group, ''The Master Musicians of Jajouka'', was recorded by Joel Rubiner in summer 1972 and released on Adelphi Records in 1974. The master musicians who live in the village play the Sufi trance music handed down through generations. Leader of the group was for many years Hadj Abdesalam Attar, who died in 1982. His son, ], claimed the leadership but his leadership was challenged briefly by another set of the elder Attar's musicians who eventually reunited to play with Attar in the 1990s. Bachir Attar's group made recordings in the 1990s and 2000s using the name <b>Master Musicians of Jajouka</b>. In the mid-1990s Hamri managed a group he called <b>Master Musicians of Joujouka</b>, whose recordings on ] were released in 1995, 1996, and 2006. Both groups live in the village and perform today. | |||
| ⚫ | == References and notes == | ||
| {{Reflist}} | |||
| *] (1975), '']''. Capra Press. | |||
| * ] (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". ''Rolling Stone''. | |||
| == Life == | |||
| ] | |||
| Subsistence farming is the main activity of most Jajouki. The main crops are olives, tillage of vegetables such as carrots, turnips, potatoes, and the raising of sheep who are grazed out on common land. Poultry are raised by the women and provide eggs which are a valued source of protein. In the summer shepard boys bring the herds to the higher slopes. They can be heard practicing on bamboo flutes from miles away. The livestock, chickens and high quality olive oil provide a cash element in this economy. There is also small scale honey production by some enterprising villagers. In recent years, ] has arrived in the village and there is a passable road which has reduced the cost of transporting essential goods to the village. The cost of transportation had previously made many items unavailable locally, or alternativly, prohibitively expensive to the villagers. The Ahl Srif was also an area where kif (marijuana) was grown but its cultivation has been recently prohibited. However, there seems to be no alternative cash crop for those who had depended on it in the past. | |||
| ⚫ | == References == | ||
| * Davis, Stephen (2001). ''Old Gods Almost Dead''. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–505, 508. | * Davis, Stephen (2001). ''Old Gods Almost Dead''. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–505, 508. | ||
| * ] (October 12, 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". ''The New York Times''. | |||
| * Gysin, Brion, Wilson, Terry (1982). ''Here to Go Planet R 101 revisited '', Ouartet. ISBN 0-7043-2544-6 p; 29, p. 30, pp.33-4, p.76. | |||
| ⚫ | * ] (1993). ''Jajouka Rolling Stone: A Fable of Gods and Heroes.'' Random House, {{ISBN|0-679-42119-X}} | ||
| * Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). . ''The Wire''. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2007. | |||
| ⚫ | ==External links== | ||
| == Further reading == | |||
| ⚫ | * Official website | ||
| ⚫ | * Davis, Stephen (1993). ''Jajouka Rolling Stone'' |
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| * Official website | |||
| * Davis, Stephen (2001). ''Old Gods Almost Dead''. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–05, 508. | |||
| * | |||
| {{coord|35.022|-5.728|region:MA_type:city|display=title}} | |||
| ⚫ | == See also == | ||
| {{Authority control}} | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | * |
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| * ] | |||
| * ] | |||
| ⚫ | ==External links== | ||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| * | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:58, 3 November 2024
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Jajouka, Jahejouka or Zahjoukah (Tifinagh: ⵣⴰⵀⵊⵓⴽⴰ' Arabic: جوجوكة, romanized: Jūjūka or جهجوكة Jahajūka) is a village in the Ahl-Srif mountains in the southern end of the Rif Mountains, Morocco. The mountains are named after the Ahl-Srif tribe who populate the region.
The musical heritage
Jajouka or Zahjouka is well known as home to two Sufi trance musicians groups, The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar and the Master Musicians of Joujouka managed by Frank Rynne. The music from Jajouka attracted the attention of writers Paul Bowles and William S. Burroughs in the 1950s because the Sufi trance musicians there appeared to still celebrate the rites of the god Pan. Brion Gysin, who had been introduced to the master musicians by Mohamed Hamri, propagated this idea. Gysin linked the village's Boujeloud festival, where a boy sewn in goat skins danced with sticks while the musicians play to keep him at bay, to the ancient "Rites of Pan". In 1967 and 1968 Brian Jones, lead guitarist with The Rolling Stones, visited the village; at the end of his stay, he recorded the musicians for the LP Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Joujouka. The LP was released on Rolling Stones Records in 1971, some two years after Jones's death. The record was reissued in 1995 by Point Music. The music from this village attracted an influx of westerners, including some who later recorded there, such as Ornette Coleman and Bill Laswell.
See also
References and notes
- Geiger, John (2005). Nothing Is True - Everything Is Permitted: The Life of Brion Gysin. The Disinformation Company. p. 114. ISBN 1-932857-12-5.
Joujouka/Jajouka/Zahjoukah in Walter Armbrust (ed.), Mass Mediations, New Approaches to Popular Culture in the Middle East and beyond, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000 p.151). Another spelling is Joujouka and a more unusual variant is Zahjoukah, although Jajouka, considered more accurate phonetically, seems to have become more common.
- Murphy, Timothy S. (1998-01-05). Wising Up the Marks: The Amodern William Burroughs. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-91940-2.
- Hamri, Mohamed (1975), Tales of Joujouka. Capra Press.
- Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone.
- Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, 135–37, 172, 195–201, 227; 233–34, 248–53, 270, 354, 504–505, 508.
- Strauss, Neil (October 12, 1995). "The Pop Life: To Save Jajouka, How About a Mercedes in the Village?". The New York Times.
- Davis, Stephen (1993). Jajouka Rolling Stone: A Fable of Gods and Heroes. Random House, ISBN 0-679-42119-X
External links
- The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar Official website
- The Master Musicians of Joujouka Official website
- Link to Interview with Bachir Attar on KBoo FM Portland, Oregon, 19 February 2009 on Jajouka music and its history.
35°01′19″N 5°43′41″W / 35.022°N 5.728°W / 35.022; -5.728
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