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{{short description|Misplaced Pages list article}} {{Short description|None}}
This is a list of ] discoveries that were the first by several criteria, including: This is a list of ] discoveries that were the first by several criteria, including:


* the ] used, * the ] used,
* the ], * the ],
* the ] type, * the ] type,
* the ], * the ],
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==The first== ==The first==
The choice of "first" depends on definition and confirmation, as below. The three systems detected prior to 1994 each have a drawback, with The choice of "first" depends on definition and confirmation, as below. The three systems detected prior to 1994 each have a drawback, with ] being unconfirmed until 2002; while the ] planets orbit a pulsar. This leaves ] (discovered and confirmed 1995) as the first confirmed exoplanet around a normal star.
Gamma Cephei b being unconfirmed until 2002; HD 114762 b is near the boundary of exoplanet / brown dwarf mass; while the
PSR B1257+12 planets orbit a pulsar. This leaves 51 Peg b (discovered and confirmed 1995) as the first confirmed exoplanet around a normal star.
{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:left;" {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:left;"
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| First
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
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| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| 1988 (suspected), 2002 (Confirmed) | 1988 (suspected), 2002 (confirmed)
| First evidence for exoplanet to receive later confirmation. | First evidence for exoplanet to receive later confirmation.
|- |-
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| ] | ]
| 1992 | 1992
| First ].<ref name=Space.com-2003-05-23>Space.com, , '''Robert Roy Britt''', ''29 May 2003'' (accessed 20-10-2010)</ref> | First ]s.<ref name=Space.com-2003-05-23>Space.com, , '''Robert Roy Britt''', ''29 May 2003'' (accessed 20-10-2010)</ref>
However, these exoplanets orbit a pulsar rather than a normal star. These exoplanets orbit a pulsar.
|- |-
| First confirmed exoplanet around normal star | First confirmed exoplanet around normal star
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| ] | ]
| 1995 | 1995
| First convincing exoplanet discovered around a Sun-like star.<ref name=Nature-2006-01-26-Queloz>{{cite journal | last1 = Queloz | first1 = Didier | date = 2006 | title = Extrasolar planets: Light through a gravitational lens | url = | journal = Nature | volume = 439 | issue = 7075| pages = 400–401 | doi = 10.1038/439400a | bibcode = 2006Natur.439..400Q | pmid=16437096}}</ref> While the minimum mass of HD 114762 b was high enough (11 Jupiter-masses) that it could be a brown dwarf, 51 Peg b's minimum mass meant that it almost certainly was near the mass of Jupiter. | First convincing exoplanet discovered around a Sun-like star.<ref name=Nature-2006-01-26-Queloz>{{cite journal | last1 = Queloz | first1 = Didier | date = 2006 | title = Extrasolar planets: Light through a gravitational lens | journal = Nature | volume = 439 | issue = 7075| pages = 400–401 | doi = 10.1038/439400a | bibcode = 2006Natur.439..400Q | pmid=16437096| s2cid = 4372378 }}</ref> While the minimum mass of ] was high enough (11 Jupiter-masses) that it could be a brown dwarf, 51 Peg b's minimum mass meant that it almost certainly was near the mass of Jupiter.
|} |}


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|+ First discovery by a method |+ First discovery by a method
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| Discovery method
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
Line 66: Line 64:
| ] | ]
| 2002 | 2002
| <ref name=SD-2003-01-10>SpaceDaily.com, , ''10 January 2003'' (accessed 2010-10-24)</ref> This was also the second planet detected through transiting,<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/> and the then farthest planet known at time of discovery.<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/> The first extrasolar planet discovered to be transiting was ], which had already been discovered by the radial velocity method.<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/><ref name=PhysOrg-2005-03-23>PhysOrg.com, , ''23 March 2005'' (accessed 2010-10-24)</ref> | <ref name=SD-2003-01-10>SpaceDaily.com, , ''10 January 2003'' (accessed 2010-10-24)</ref> This was also the second planet detected through transiting,<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/> and the then farthest planet known at time of discovery.<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/> The first extrasolar planet detected to be transiting was ], which had already been discovered by the radial velocity method.<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/><ref name=PhysOrg-2005-03-23>PhysOrg.com, , ''23 March 2005'' (accessed 2010-10-24)</ref>
|- |-
| First planet discovered via ]ing | First planet discovered via ]ing
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| ] | ]
| 2007 | 2007
| The planet was discovered by examining deviations from pulsation frequency from a subdwarf star.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1038/nature06143|pmid = 17851517|title = A giant planet orbiting the 'extreme horizontal branch' star V 391 Pegasi|journal = Nature|volume = 449|issue = 7159|pages = 189–191|year = 2007|last1 = Silvotti|first1 = R.|last2 = Schuh|first2 = S.|last3 = Janulis|first3 = R.|last4 = Solheim|first4 = J.-E.|last5 = Bernabei|first5 = S.|last6 = Østensen|first6 = R.|last7 = Oswalt|first7 = T. D.|last8 = Bruni|first8 = I.|last9 = Gualandi|first9 = R.|last10 = Bonanno|first10 = A.|last11 = Vauclair|first11 = G.|last12 = Reed|first12 = M.|last13 = Chen|first13 = C.-W.|last14 = Leibowitz|first14 = E.|last15 = Paparo|first15 = M.|last16 = Baran|first16 = A.|last17 = Charpinet|first17 = S.|last18 = Dolez|first18 = N.|last19 = Kawaler|first19 = S.|last20 = Kurtz|first20 = D.|last21 = Moskalik|first21 = P.|last22 = Riddle|first22 = R.|last23 = Zola|first23 = S.|bibcode = 2007Natur.449..189S|url = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/17168/2/Silvotti2007p5743Nature_supp.pdf}}</ref> | The planet was discovered by examining deviations from pulsation frequency from a subdwarf star.<ref>{{Cite journal |doi = 10.1038/nature06143|pmid = 17851517|title = A giant planet orbiting the 'extreme horizontal branch' star V 391 Pegasi|journal = Nature|volume = 449|issue = 7159|pages = 189–191|year = 2007|last1 = Silvotti|first1 = R.|last2 = Schuh|first2 = S.|last3 = Janulis|first3 = R.|last4 = Solheim|first4 = J.-E.|last5 = Bernabei|first5 = S.|last6 = Østensen|first6 = R.|last7 = Oswalt|first7 = T. D.|last8 = Bruni|first8 = I.|last9 = Gualandi|first9 = R.|last10 = Bonanno|first10 = A.|last11 = Vauclair|first11 = G.|last12 = Reed|first12 = M.|last13 = Chen|first13 = C.-W.|last14 = Leibowitz|first14 = E.|last15 = Paparo|first15 = M.|last16 = Baran|first16 = A.|last17 = Charpinet|first17 = S.|last18 = Dolez|first18 = N.|last19 = Kawaler|first19 = S.|last20 = Kurtz|first20 = D.|last21 = Moskalik|first21 = P.|last22 = Riddle|first22 = R.|last23 = Zola|first23 = S.|bibcode = 2007Natur.449..189S|s2cid = 4342338|url = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/17168/2/Silvotti2007p5743Nature_supp.pdf}}</ref>
|- |-
| First extrasolar planet discovered by indirect imaging (visible light) | First extrasolar planet discovered by indirect imaging (visible light)
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| Discovered by a light reflecting off of a dust cloud surrounding the planet.<ref name="Kalas2008">{{cite journal | Discovered by a light reflecting off of a dust cloud surrounding the planet.<ref name="Kalas2008">{{cite journal
| last = Kalas | first = Paul | last = Kalas | first = Paul
| authorlink = Paul Kalas | author-link = Paul Kalas
|display-authors=etal |display-authors=etal
| title = Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth | title = Optical Images of an Exosolar Planet 25 Light-Years from Earth
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| doi = 10.1126/science.1166609 | doi = 10.1126/science.1166609
| pmid = 19008414 | pmid = 19008414
|bibcode = 2008Sci...322.1345K }}</ref> First planet orbiting an ABO star. |bibcode = 2008Sci...322.1345K | s2cid = 10054103
}}</ref> First planet orbiting an ABO star. In 2020 this object was determined to be an expanding debris cloud from a collision of asteroids rather than a planet.<ref name="PNAS-20200420">{{cite journal |last1=Gáspár |first1=András |last2=Rieke |first2=George H. |title=New HST data and modeling reveal a massive planetesimal collision around Fomalhaut |date=April 20, 2020 |journal=] |volume=117 |issue=18 |pages=9712–9722 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1912506117 |pmid=32312810 |pmc=7211925 |arxiv=2004.08736 |bibcode=2020PNAS..117.9712G |s2cid=215827666 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|- |-
| First extrasolar planet discovered by astrometric observations | First extrasolar planet discovered by astrometric observations
| ] | ]
| ] or HD 176051 B | ] A or HD 176051 B
| 2010 | 2010
| Orbits around one of the stars in a binary star system although it is not known which component it is orbiting around. | Orbits around one of the stars in a binary star system although it is not known which component it is orbiting around.
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| ] (], ]) | ] (], ])
| 2011 | 2011
| Detected through transit-timing variation method. Its existence was inferred by the gravitational influence it had on the orbital periodicity of ].<ref>TG Daily, , Kate Taylor, 9 September 2011</ref><ref>Time, , Michael D. Lemonick, 9 September 2011</ref> | Detected through transit-timing variation method. Its existence was inferred by the gravitational influence it had on the orbital periodicity of ].<ref>TG Daily, , Kate Taylor, 9 September 2011</ref><ref>Time, , Michael D. Lemonick, 9 September 2011</ref>
|- |-
| First exoplanets discovered by orbital phase reflected light variations | First exoplanets discovered by orbital phase reflected light variations
| ], ] <ref>{{cite journal |title=A compact system of small planets around a former red-giant star | ], ]<ref>{{cite journal |title=A compact system of small planets around a former red-giant star
|author=Charpinet, S. and Fontaine, G. and Brassard, P. and Green, EM and Van Grootel, V. and Randall, SK and Silvotti, R. and Baran, AS and Østensen, RH and Kawaler, SD |author=Charpinet, S. and Fontaine, G. and Brassard, P. and Green, EM and Van Grootel, V. and Randall, SK and Silvotti, R. and Baran, AS and Østensen, RH and Kawaler, SD
|journal=Nature |journal=Nature
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|doi=10.1038/nature10631 |doi=10.1038/nature10631
|display-authors=etal |display-authors=etal
|pmid=22193103|bibcode = 2011Natur.480..496C }}</ref> |pmid=22193103|bibcode = 2011Natur.480..496C |s2cid=2213885
}}</ref>
| ] | ]
| 2011 | 2011
| Now dubious.<ref name=Krzesinski2015>{{citation | first=J. | last=Krzesinski | title=Planetary candidates around the pulsating sdB star KIC 5807616 considered doubtful | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=581 | date=August 25, 2015 | pages=A7 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201526346 | bibcode=2015A&A...581A...7K | doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=Krzesinski_et_al_2019>{{citation | first1=A. | last1=Blokesz | first2=J. | last2=Krzesinski | first3=L. | last3=Kedziora-Chudczer |
|
title=Analysis of putative exoplanetary signatures found in light curves of two sdBV stars observed by Kepler | journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume=627 | date=4 July 2019 | pages=A86 | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201835003 | arxiv=1906.03321 | bibcode=2019A&A...627A..86B | s2cid=182952925 | doi-access=free }}</ref>
|- |-
| First exoplanet discovered by transit-duration variation method | First exoplanet discovered by transit-duration variation method
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| ] (KOI-142) | ] (KOI-142)
| 2013 | 2013
| Both transit timing variation and transit-duration variation was measured to measure deviations from the regular orbit of Kepler-88b. Deviations of the planet's transit duration and timing helped to discover Kepler-88c.<ref>{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1304.4283|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/3|title = Koi-142, the King of Transit Variations, is a Pair of Planets Near the 2:1 Resonance|journal = The Astrophysical Journal|volume = 777|issue = 1|pages = 3|year = 2013|last1 = Nesvorný|first1 = David|last2 = Kipping|first2 = David|last3 = Terrell|first3 = Dirk|last4 = Hartman|first4 = Joel|last5 = Bakos|first5 = Gáspár Á.|last6 = Buchhave|first6 = Lars A.|last7 = Stapelfeldt|first7 = Karl|last8 = Marois|first8 = Christian|last9 = Krist|first9 = John|bibcode = 2013ApJ...777....3N}}</ref> | Both transit timing variation and transit-duration variation was measured to measure deviations from the regular orbit of Kepler-88b. Deviations of the planet's transit duration and timing helped to discover Kepler-88c.<ref>{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1304.4283|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/3|title = Koi-142, the King of Transit Variations, is a Pair of Planets Near the 2:1 Resonance|journal = The Astrophysical Journal|volume = 777|issue = 1|pages = 3|year = 2013|last1 = Nesvorný|first1 = David|last2 = Kipping|first2 = David|last3 = Terrell|first3 = Dirk|last4 = Hartman|first4 = Joel|last5 = Bakos|first5 = Gáspár Á.|last6 = Buchhave|first6 = Lars A.|last7 = Stapelfeldt|first7 = Karl|last8 = Marois|first8 = Christian|last9 = Krist|first9 = John|bibcode = 2013ApJ...777....3N|s2cid = 59933168}}</ref>
|} |}


==By detection method== ==By detection method==
Some of these planets had already been discovered by another method but were the first to be detected by the listed method.

{| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:left;" {| class="wikitable" border="1" style="text-align:left;"
|+ First detection by a method |+ First detection by a method
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| Detection method
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
! style="background:#efefef;"| Year ! style="background:#efefef;"| Year
! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes ! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes
|-
| First planet detected via ]
| ]
| ]
| 1988
| First evidence for exoplanet to receive later confirmation.
|- |-
| First planet detected via ] | First planet detected via ]
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| 1992 | 1992
| <ref name=Space.com-2003-05-23/> | <ref name=Space.com-2003-05-23/>
|-
| First planet detected via ]
| ]
| ]
| 1995
| <ref name=Nature-2006-01-26-Queloz/>
|- |-
| First planet detected by transit method | First planet detected by transit method
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| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| 2004 | 2004/ 2005
| May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. If it is a planet, it is the first known planet around a brown dwarf. | May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. If it is a planet, it is the first known planet around a brown dwarf.
|-
| First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a 'normal' star (infrared)
| ]
| ]
| 2005
| Revised masses place it below the deuterium-burning limit.<ref>Mass was revised to about 11.5 Jupiter masses in 2006. </ref> May be a brown dwarf companion.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Itoh |first1=Yoichi |last2=Hayashi |first2=Masahiko |last3=Tamura |first3=Motohide |last4=Tsuji |first4=Takashi |last5=Oasa |first5=Yumiko |last6=Fukagawa |first6=Misato |last7=Hayashi |first7=Saeko S. |last8=Naoi |first8=Takahiro |last9=Ishii |first9=Miki |last10=Mayama |first10=Satoshi |last11=Morino |first11=Jun-ichi |last12=Yamashita |first12=Takuya |last13=Pyo |first13=Tae-Soo |last14=Nishikawa |first14=Takayuki |last15=Usuda |first15=Tomonori |date=2005-02-20 |title=A Young Brown Dwarf Companion to DH Tauri |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/427086 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=620 |issue=2 |pages=984–993 |arxiv=astro-ph/0411177 |bibcode=2005ApJ...620..984I |doi=10.1086/427086 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
] and ] were confirmed as companions within about three month in 2005. Both could be ]s. If one is a planet, it is the first planet orbiting a 'normal' star, possibly the first exoplanet directly imaged.
|-
| First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star (infrared)
| AB Pictoris b
| ]
| 2005
| <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chauvin |first1=G. |last2=Lagrange |first2=A.-M. |last3=Zuckerman |first3=B. |last4=Dumas |first4=C. |last5=Mouillet |first5=D. |last6=Song |first6=I. |last7=Beuzit |first7=J.-L. |last8=Lowrance |first8=P. |last9=Bessell |first9=M. S. |date=2005-08-01 |title=A companion to AB Pic at the planet/brown dwarf boundary |url=http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200500111 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=438 |issue=3 |pages=L29–L32 |arxiv=astro-ph/0504658 |bibcode=2005A&A...438L..29C |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200500111 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> It has {{Val|10|1}} ].<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal |last1=Palma-Bifani |first1=P. |last2=Chauvin |first2=G. |last3=Bonnefoy |first3=M. |last4=Rojo |first4=P. M. |last5=Petrus |first5=S. |last6=Rodet |first6=L. |last7=Langlois |first7=M. |last8=Allard |first8=F. |last9=Charnay |first9=B. |last10=Desgrange |first10=C. |last11=Homeier |first11=D. |last12=Lagrange |first12=A.-M. |last13=Beuzit |first13=J.-L. |last14=Baudoz |first14=P. |last15=Boccaletti |first15=A. |date=2023-02-01 |title=Peering into the young planetary system AB Pic: Atmosphere, orbit, obliquity, and second planetary candidate |url=https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202244294 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=670 |pages=A90 |arxiv=2211.01474 |bibcode=2023A&A...670A..90P |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202244294 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>
] was found earlier.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Neuhäuser |first1=R. |last2=Guenther |first2=E. W. |last3=Wuchterl |first3=G. |last4=Mugrauer |first4=M. |last5=Bedalov |first5=A. |last6=Hauschildt |first6=P. H. |date=2005-05-01 |title=Evidence for a co-moving sub-stellar companion of GQ Lup |url=http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200500104 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=435 |issue=1 |pages=L13–L16 |arxiv=astro-ph/0503691 |bibcode=2005A&A...435L..13N |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:200500104 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> May, however, be a brown dwarf companion.

] was found later.<ref name="BBC-2008-09-15">, BBC News Online, September 15, 2008</ref> Revised mass places it at or above the deuterium-burning limit. May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. The orbital status of the companion was confirmed in 2010.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lafrenière |first1=David |last2=Jayawardhana |first2=Ray |last3=van Kerkwijk |first3=Marten H. |date=2010-08-10 |title=THE DIRECTLY IMAGED PLANET AROUND THE YOUNG SOLAR ANALOG 1RXS J160929.1 – 210524: CONFIRMATION OF COMMON PROPER MOTION, TEMPERATURE, AND MASS |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/497 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=719 |issue=1 |pages=497–504 |arxiv=1006.3070 |bibcode=2010ApJ...719..497L |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/719/1/497 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
|- |-
| First planet with observed secondary eclipse (infrared) | First planet with observed secondary eclipse (infrared)
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| ] | ]
| 2005 | 2005
| Planet was discovered in 1999. This is the first detection of light from an object with a clear planetary origin. | Planet was discovered in 1999. This is the first detection of light from an object with a clear planetary origin.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Deming |first1=Drake |last2=Seager |first2=Sara |last3=Richardson |first3=L. Jeremy |last4=Harrington |first4=Joseph |date=2005-03-23 |title=Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature03507 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=434 |issue=7034 |pages=740–743 |arxiv=astro-ph/0503554 |bibcode=2005Natur.434..740D |doi=10.1038/nature03507 |pmid=15785769 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref>
|- |-
|First planet characterized by atmospheric spectroscopy
|First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a 'normal' star (infrared)
|]
|]
|]
|
|2007
|2005
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Richardson |first1=L. Jeremy |last2=Deming |first2=Drake |last3=Horning |first3=Karen |last4=Seager |first4=Sara |last5=Harrington |first5=Joseph |date=2007-02-01 |title=A spectrum of an extrasolar planet |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05636 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=445 |issue=7130 |pages=892–895 |arxiv=astro-ph/0702507 |bibcode=2007Natur.445..892R |doi=10.1038/nature05636 |pmid=17314975 |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> also by <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Swain |first1=M. R. |last2=Bouwman |first2=J. |last3=Akeson |first3=R. L. |last4=Lawler |first4=S. |last5=Beichman |first5=C. A. |date=2008-02-10 |title=The Mid-Infrared Spectrum of the Transiting Exoplanet HD 209458b |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/523832 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=674 |issue=1 |pages=482–497 |arxiv=astro-ph/0702593 |bibcode=2008ApJ...674..482S |doi=10.1086/523832 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> HD 189733 b was characterized spectroscopically only few month later.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Grillmair |first1=C. J. |last2=Charbonneau |first2=D. |last3=Burrows |first3=A. |last4=Armus |first4=L. |last5=Stauffer |first5=J. |last6=Meadows |first6=V. |last7=Van Cleve |first7=J. |last8=Levine |first8=D. |date=2007-04-01 |title=A Spitzer Spectrum of the Exoplanet HD 189733b |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/513741 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=658 |issue=2 |pages=L115–L118 |arxiv=astro-ph/0702494 |bibcode=2007ApJ...658L.115G |doi=10.1086/513741 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
|<ref>Mass was revised to about 11.5 Jupiter masses in 2006. The object was discovered in 2005. </ref> Revised masses place it below the deuterium-burning limit. May be a brown dwarf companion.
Any of the earlier ] exoplanets, e.g. ], ] or ] have spatially resolved spectroscopic observations, but the objects need confirmation to be of planetary origin.
|-
| First extrasolar planet detected through ]
| ]
| ]
| 2008
| Could not be confirmed. Possibly a "Saharan dust event over the La Palma observatory in 2008 August".<ref name="exopolarization"></ref> HD 189733 b was discovered in 2005.
|-
| First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star (infrared)
| ]
| ]
| 2008
| <ref name="BBC-2008-09-15">, BBC News Online, September 15, 2008</ref> Revised mass places it at or above the deuterium-burning limit. May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen.
|- |-
| First planets directly characterized through astrometric observations | First planets directly characterized through astrometric observations
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|- |-
| First planet detected by orbital phase reflected light variations in visible light | First planet detected by orbital phase reflected light variations in visible light
| ]<ref>{{cite journal|title=The changing phases of extrasolar planet CoRoT-1b|journal=Nature|volume= 459|issue=7246|pages=543–545|date=2009-05-28|pmid=19478779|doi=10.1038/nature08045|author1=Ignas A. G. Snellen|author2=Ernst J. W. de Mooij|author3=Simon Albrecht|bibcode = 2009Natur.459..543S |arxiv = 0904.1208 }}</ref> | ]<ref>{{cite journal|title=The changing phases of extrasolar planet CoRoT-1b|journal=Nature|volume= 459|issue=7246|pages=543–545|date=2009-05-28|pmid=19478779|doi=10.1038/nature08045|author1=Ignas A. G. Snellen|author2=Ernst J. W. de Mooij|author3=Simon Albrecht|bibcode = 2009Natur.459..543S |arxiv = 0904.1208 |s2cid=4347612}}</ref>
| ] | ]
| 2009 | 2009
| The planet in question had already been discovered with transit method. | The planet in question had already been discovered with transit method.
|-
|First planet characterized by spatially resolved atmospheric spectroscopy
|]
|]
|2010
|<ref>{{Cite web |date=13 January 2010 |title=VLT Captures First Direct Spectrum of an Exoplanet |url=https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1002/ |access-date=26 July 2024 |website=The European Southern Observatory (ESO)}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Janson |first1=M. |last2=Bergfors |first2=C. |last3=Goto |first3=M. |last4=Brandner |first4=W. |last5=Lafrenière |first5=D. |date=2010-02-10 |title=SPATIALLY RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE EXOPLANET HR 8799 c |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/710/1/L35 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=710 |issue=1 |pages=L35–L38 |arxiv=1001.2017 |bibcode=2010ApJ...710L..35J |doi=10.1088/2041-8205/710/1/L35 |issn=2041-8205}}</ref> Several spectra of ] exoplanets might be earlier, but the objects need confirmation to be of planetary origin. Especially ] b is a candidate, if its mass is confirmed to be {{Val|10|1}} ].<ref name=":4" />
|- |-
| First planets detected through ellipsoidal light variations of the host star | First planets detected through ellipsoidal light variations of the host star
| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| 2010 | 2010
| <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Welsh |first1=William F. |last2=Orosz |first2=Jerome A. |last3=Seager |first3=Sara |last4=Fortney |first4=Jonathan J. |last5=Jenkins |first5=Jon |last6=Rowe |first6=Jason F. |last7=Koch |first7=David |last8=Borucki |first8=William J. |date=2010-04-20 |title=THE DISCOVERY OF ELLIPSOIDAL VARIATIONS IN THE ''KEPLER'' LIGHT CURVE OF HAT-P-7 |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L145 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=713 |issue=2 |pages=L145–L149 |arxiv=1001.0413 |bibcode=2010ApJ...713L.145W |doi=10.1088/2041-8205/713/2/L145 |issn=2041-8205}}</ref>
| <ref>: William F. Welsh, Jerome A. Orosz, Sara Seager, Jonathan J. Fortney, Jon Jenkins, Jason F. Rowe, David Koch, William J. Borucki</ref>
|- |-
| First planets detected through transit timing variation method | First planets detected through transit timing variation method
Line 219: Line 233:
| ] | ]
| 2010 | 2010
| Transit-timing variation was used to confirm both planets detected through transit method.<ref>http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2010/10-73AR.html</ref> | Transit-timing variation was used to confirm both planets detected through transit method.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/news/releases/2010/10-73AR.html|title = NASA's Kepler Mission Discovers Two Planets Transiting the Same Star|date = 20 November 2015}}</ref>
|- |-
| First planet detected through transit duration variation method | First planet detected through transit duration variation method
| ]<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Doyle |first1=Laurance R. |last2=Carter |first2=Joshua A. |last3=Fabrycky |first3=Daniel C. |last4=Slawson |first4=Robert W. |last5=Howell |first5=Steve B. |last6=Winn |first6=Joshua N. |last7=Orosz |first7=Jerome A. |last8=Prˇsa |first8=Andrej |last9=Welsh |first9=William F. |last10=Quinn |first10=Samuel N. |last11=Latham |first11=David |last12=Torres |first12=Guillermo |last13=Buchhave |first13=Lars A. |last14=Marcy |first14=Geoffrey W. |last15=Fortney |first15=Jonathan J. |date=2011-09-16 |title=Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1210923 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=333 |issue=6049 |pages=1602–1606 |doi=10.1126/science.1210923 |pmid=21921192 |arxiv=1109.3432 |bibcode=2011Sci...333.1602D |s2cid=206536332 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
| ]{{citation needed|date=October 2015}}
| ] | ]
| 2011 | 2011
| Orbital motion of the stars causes transits of both components of Kepler-16 to deviate significantly. | Orbital motion of the three-body system Kepler-16 causes variations of the duration of stellar eclipses and planetary transits.
|- |-
| First planet detected with eclipsing binary timing with well-characterized orbit | First planet detected with eclipsing binary timing with well-characterized orbit
Line 231: Line 245:
| ] | ]
| 2011 | 2011
| Kepler-16b itself was detected through transit method. There are stars with earlier detections through eclipsing binary timing. However, either those signals have matched with unstable orbits or the exact orbits are not known.<ref name=nyTimes>{{cite news|last=Overbye|first=Dennis|title=NASA Detects Planet Dancing With a Pair of Stars|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/16/science/space/16planet.html|accessdate=16 September 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2011-09-15}}</ref> | Kepler-16b itself was detected through transit method. There are stars with earlier detections through eclipsing binary timing. However, either those signals have matched with unstable orbits or the exact orbits are not known.<ref name=nyTimes>{{cite news|last=Overbye|first=Dennis|title=NASA Detects Planet Dancing With a Pair of Stars|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/16/science/space/16planet.html|access-date=16 September 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2011-09-15}}</ref>
|- |-
| First planet detected by light variations due to relativistic beaming | First planet detected by light variations due to relativistic beaming
| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| 2012 | 2012
| <ref>: Thomas Barclay, Daniel Huber, Jason F. Rowe, Jonathan J. Fortney, Caroline V. Morley, Elisa V. Quintana, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Geert Barentsen, Steven Bloemen, Jessie L. Christiansen, Brice-Olivier Demory, Benjamin J. Fulton, Jon M. Jenkins, Fergal Mullally, Darin Ragozzine, Shaun E. Seader, Avi Shporer, Peter Tenenbaum, Susan E. Thompson</ref> | <ref>{{cite journal | arxiv=1210.4592 | doi=10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/53 | title=Photometrically derived masses and radii of the planet and star in the TrES-2 system | date=2012 | last1=Barclay | first1=Thomas | last2=Huber | first2=Daniel | last3=Rowe | first3=Jason F. | last4=Fortney | first4=Jonathan J. | last5=Morley | first5=Caroline V. | last6=Quintana | first6=Elisa V. | last7=Fabrycky | first7=Daniel C. | last8=Barentsen | first8=Geert | last9=Bloemen | first9=Steven | last10=Christiansen | first10=Jessie L. | last11=Demory | first11=Brice-Olivier | last12=Fulton | first12=Benjamin J. | last13=Jenkins | first13=Jon M. | last14=Mullally | first14=Fergal | last15=Ragozzine | first15=Darin | last16=Seader | first16=Shaun E. | last17=Shporer | first17=Avi | last18=Tenenbaum | first18=Peter | last19=Thompson | first19=Susan E. | journal=The Astrophysical Journal | volume=761 | issue=1 | page=53 | bibcode=2012ApJ...761...53B }}</ref>
|- |-
|First tilted multi-planetary system discovered |First tilted multi-planetary system discovered
|], ] <s>and ]</s>{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} |], ] and ]
|] |]
|2013
|2012 (b, c)<br>2013{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} (d)
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Huber |first1=Daniel |last2=Carter |first2=Joshua A. |last3=Barbieri |first3=Mauro |last4=Miglio |first4=Andrea |last5=Deck |first5=Katherine M. |last6=Fabrycky |first6=Daniel C. |last7=Montet |first7=Benjamin T. |last8=Buchhave |first8=Lars A. |last9=Chaplin |first9=William J. |last10=Hekker |first10=Saskia |last11=Montalbán |first11=Josefina |last12=Sanchis-Ojeda |first12=Roberto |last13=Basu |first13=Sarbani |last14=Bedding |first14=Timothy R. |last15=Campante |first15=Tiago L. |date=2013-10-18 |title=Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1242066 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=342 |issue=6156 |pages=331–334 |doi=10.1126/science.1242066 |pmid=24136961 |arxiv=1310.4503 |bibcode=2013Sci...342..331H |s2cid=1056370 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref>
|First tilted multiplanetary system discovered.
|- |-
| First extrasolar planet detected through ]
| ] /
GSC 6214-210 b
| ] /
GSC 6214-210
| 2021
| "polarization of several tenths of a percent for DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B in H-band" ... "unlikely to be caused by interstellar dust." ... "the polarization most likely originates from circumsubstellar disks."<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=van Holstein |first1=R.G. |last2=Stolker |first2=T. |last3=Jensen-Clem |first3=R. |last4=Ginski |first4=C. |last5=Milli |first5=J. |last6=de Boer |first6=J. |last7=Girard |first7=J.H. |last8=Wahhaj |first8=Z. |last9=Bohn |first9=A.J. |last10=Millar-Blanchaer |first10=M.A. |last11=Benisty |first11=M. |last12=Bonnefoy |first12=M. |last13=Chauvin |first13=G. |last14=Dominik |first14=C. |last15=Hinkley |first15=S. |date=2021-03-01 |title=A survey of the linear polarization of directly imaged exoplanets and brown dwarf companions with SPHERE-IRDIS: First polarimetric detections revealing disks around DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B |url=https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039290 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=647 |pages=A21 |arxiv=2101.04033 |bibcode=2021A&A...647A..21V |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202039290 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref> Both companions may be ] or ].
Polarized scattered light was found for ] in 2008.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Berdyugina |first1=S. V. |last2=Berdyugin |first2=A. V. |last3=Fluri |first3=D. M. |last4=Piirola |first4=V. |date=2008-01-20 |title=First Detection of Polarized Scattered Light from an Exoplanetary Atmosphere |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/527320 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=673 |issue=1 |pages=L83–L86 |arxiv=0712.0193 |bibcode=2008ApJ...673L..83B |doi=10.1086/527320 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref> It could not be confirmed and was disputed by two separate teams.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Wiktorowicz |first=Sloane J. |date=2009-05-10 |title=NONDETECTION OF POLARIZED, SCATTERED LIGHT FROM THE HD 189733b HOT JUPITER |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1116 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=696 |issue=2 |pages=1116–1124 |arxiv=0902.0624 |bibcode=2009ApJ...696.1116W |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1116 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wiktorowicz |first1=Sloane J. |last2=Nofi |first2=Larissa A. |last3=Jontof-Hutter |first3=Daniel |last4=Kopparla |first4=Pushkar |last5=Laughlin |first5=Gregory P. |last6=Hermis |first6=Ninos |last7=Yung |first7=Yuk L. |last8=Swain |first8=Mark R. |date=2015-10-27 |title=A GROUND-BASED ALBEDO UPPER LIMIT FOR HD 189733b FROM POLARIMETRY |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/48 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=813 |issue=1 |pages=48 |arxiv=1507.03588 |bibcode=2015ApJ...813...48W |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/48 |issn=1538-4357}}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Bott |first1=Kimberly |last2=Bailey |first2=Jeremy |last3=Kedziora-Chudczer |first3=Lucyna |last4=Cotton |first4=Daniel V. |last5=Lucas |first5=P. W. |last6=Marshall |first6=Jonathan P. |last7=Hough |first7=J. H. |date=2016-05-23 |title=The polarization of HD 189733 |url=https://academic.oup.com/mnrasl/article/459/1/L109/2589655 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters |language=en |volume=459 |issue=1 |pages=L109–L113 |arxiv=1603.05745 |bibcode=2016MNRAS.459L.109B |doi=10.1093/mnrasl/slw046 |doi-access=free |issn=1745-3925}}</ref> Possibly a "Saharan dust event over the La Palma observatory in 2008 August".<ref name=":3" /> HD 189733 b was discovered in 2005.
|} |}


Line 251: Line 273:
|+ First discovery by system type |+ First discovery by system type
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| System type
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
Line 262: Line 284:
| 1992 | 1992
| First extrasolar planets discovered.<ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14>Space.com, , '''Charles Q. Choi''', ''14 February 2010'' (accessed 2010-10-20)</ref> | First extrasolar planets discovered.<ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14>Space.com, , '''Charles Q. Choi''', ''14 February 2010'' (accessed 2010-10-20)</ref>
* ''] was discovered in 1989, but was not confirmed as a planet before 1996.''
|- |-
| First multiple planet extrasolar system discovered
| First "free-floating" planet discovered<ref group=NB name=Freefloating>Free-floating objects are not usually considered planets</ref>
| ]<br />]<br />]
| {{nowrap|]}}<br />(S Ori 70)
| ]
| {{n/a}}
| 2004 | 1992
| First ]ary system.
| <ref name=Space-2002-05-22>Space.com, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020604023820/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/brown_dwarfs_020522.html |date=2002-06-04 }}, '''Robert Roy Britt''', ''22 May 2002'' (accessed 2010-10-24)</ref> Has a mass of 3&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub>; needs confirmation.
|-
| First planet discovered in a multiple main-sequence star system
| ]
| ]
| 1996
| 55 Cnc has a distant red dwarf companion.
* ''The planet around ] was already suspected in 1988.''
* ''] is the first relatively close binary with a planet.''
|- |-
| First planet discovered in a circumbinary orbit | First planet discovered in a circumbinary orbit
Line 283: Line 296:
| 1993 | 1993
| Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf. Discovery confirmed in 2003. | Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf. Discovery confirmed in 2003.
|-
| First multiple planet extrasolar system discovered
| ]<br />]<br />]
| ]
| 1992
| First ]ary system.
|-
| First multiple planet system in a multi-star system where multiple planets orbit multiple stars
| ]<br/>]
| ]
| 2012
| <ref name=Space-2012-09-05>Space.com, , '''Charles Q. Choi''', ''4 September 2012'' (accessed 5 September 2012)</ref><ref name=SpaceDaily-2012-09-03>SpaceDaily, , ''3 September 2012'' (accessed 5 September 2012)</ref> ] ] is suspected to have at least 2 planets as of 2009.<ref>http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/aa/abs/2010/13/aa15472-10/aa15472-10.html</ref>
|- |-
| First planet discovered in globular cluster | First planet discovered in globular cluster
Line 302: Line 303:
| Located in ]. | Located in ].
|- |-
| First planet discovered in a multiple main-sequence star system

| ]
| First binary star system where both components have separate planetary systems
| ] <br/> ] <br/> ]
| ] <br/> ]
| 2011
|
|-
|}

{|class=wikitable
|-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
! style="background:#efefef;"| Year
! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes
|-
!colspan=5| No star system
|-
| First non-stellar planet
| {{nowrap|]}}<br />(S Ori 70)
| {{n/a}}
| 2004
| <ref name=Space-2002-05-22/>
|-
!colspan=5| Single star system
|-
| First planet in a solitary star system.
| ]<br />]
| ]
| 1992
| <ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/>
|-
!colspan=5| Binary star system
|-
| First planet in a binary star system
| ]
| ]
| 1996
|
|-
| First planet in a single-star orbit in a binary star system
| ]
| ] | ]
| 1996 | 1996
| 55 Cnc has a distant red dwarf companion.
|
* ''The planet around ] was already suspected in 1988, although its existence was not confirmed until 2002''
* ''] is the first relatively close binary with a planet.''
|- |-
| First "free-floating" planet discovered<ref group=NB name=Freefloating>Free-floating objects are not usually considered planets</ref>
| First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a binary star system
| S Ori 68
| ]
| {{n/a}}
| ]
| 1993 | 2000
| ~5&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Zapatero Osorio |first1=M. R. |last2=Béjar |first2=V. J. S. |last3=Martı́n |first3=E. L. |last4=Rebolo |first4=R. |last5=Navascués |first5=D. Barrado y |last6=Bailer-Jones |first6=C. A. L. |last7=Mundt |first7=R. |date=2000-10-06 |title=Discovery of Young, Isolated Planetary Mass Objects in the σ Orionis Star Cluster |url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.290.5489.103 |journal=Science |language=en |volume=290 |issue=5489 |pages=103–107 |bibcode=2000Sci...290..103Z |doi=10.1126/science.290.5489.103 |pmid=11021788 |issn=0036-8075}}</ref> Isolated status needs confirmation. Could be a companion of SE 70; needs confimation.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Caballero |first1=J. A. |last2=Martín |first2=E. L. |last3=Dobbie |first3=P. D. |last4=Barrado y Navascués |first4=D. |date=2006-12-01 |title=Are isolated planetary-mass objects really isolated?: A brown dwarf-exoplanet system candidate in the σ Orionis cluster |url=http://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20066162 |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=460 |issue=2 |pages=635–640 |arxiv=astro-ph/0608659 |bibcode=2006A&A...460..635C |doi=10.1051/0004-6361:20066162 |issn=0004-6361}}</ref>
| The existence of the planet was confirmed in 2003.
{{nowrap|]}} (S Ori 70) has a mass of 3&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub>; needs confirmation.<ref name="Space-2002-05-22">Space.com, {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020604023820/http://www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/brown_dwarfs_020522.html|date=2002-06-04}}, '''Robert Roy Britt''', ''22 May 2002'' (accessed 2010-10-24)</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Zapatero Osorio |first1=M. R. |last2=Bejar |first2=V. J. S. |last3=Martin |first3=E. L. |last4=Rebolo |first4=R. |last5=Navascues |first5=D. Barrado y |last6=Mundt |first6=R. |last7=Eisloffel |first7=J. |last8=Caballero |first8=J. A. |date=2002-10-10 |title=A Methane, Isolated, Planetary-Mass Object in Orion |url=https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1086/342474 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |language=en |volume=578 |issue=1 |pages=536–542 |arxiv=astro-ph/0206353 |bibcode=2002ApJ...578..536Z |doi=10.1086/342474 |issn=0004-637X}}</ref>
|- |-

| First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a binary star system around main-sequence stars
| First binary star system where both components have separate planetary systems
| ]
| ] <br/>] <br/>]
| ]
| ] <br/>]
| 2011 | 2011
| The stars have spectral classes K and M.
|-
!colspan=5| Trinary star system
|-
| First planet in a trinary star system
| ]<ref name="BUTLER P. 1996">BUTLER P. & MARCY G., The Lick Observatory Planet Search in: Astronomical and Biochemical Origins and the Search for Life in the Universe, IAU Colloquium No. 161, Capri 1–5 July 1996, eds. C.B. Cosmovici, S. Bowyer, and D. Werthimer</ref><ref name=truemass>{{cite journal | title=Analysis of the motion of an extrasolar planet in a binary system|
authors=E. Plávalová, N. A. Solovaya|
arxiv=1212.3843|journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics|
date=2012|bibcode = 2013AJ....146..108P|doi=10.1088/0004-6256/146/5/108|volume=146|
issue=5|page=108}}</ref>
| ]
| 1996
| The stars in this system are 16 Cygni A, 16 Cygni B and 16 Cygni C.
|-
| First planet in a single star orbit in a trinary star system
| ]<ref name="BUTLER P. 1996"/><ref name=truemass/>
| ]
| 1996
| 16 Cygni A and Cygni C form a main pair with the semi-major axis being 73 AU. 16 Cygni B orbits 877 to 15,180 AU from the barycenter of the A and C pair.
|-
| First planet in a multi-star orbit in a trinary star system
|
|
|
| |
|- |-
| First planet in a circumbinary orbit in a trinary star system | First multiple planet system in a multi-star system where multiple planets orbit multiple stars
| ]<br />]
|
| ]
|
|
|
|-
| First planet in a triple-star orbit in a trinary star system
|
|
|
|
|-
!colspan=5| Quadruple star system
|-
| First planet in a quadruple star system
| ] or Kepler-64b
| ]
| 2012 | 2012
| <ref name="Space-2012-09-05">Space.com, , '''Charles Q. Choi''', ''4 September 2012'' (accessed 5 September 2012)</ref><ref name="SpaceDaily-2012-09-03">SpaceDaily, , ''3 September 2012'' (accessed 5 September 2012)</ref> ] ] is suspected to have at least 2 planets as of 2009.<ref>{{Cite journal|url=http://www.aanda.org/index.php?option=com_article&access=standard&Itemid=129&url=/articles/aa/abs/2010/13/aa15472-10/aa15472-10.html|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201015472|title=Two planets orbiting the recently formed post-common envelope binary NN Serpentis|year=2010|last1=Beuermann|first1=K.|last2=Hessman|first2=F. V.|last3=Dreizler|first3=S.|last4=Marsh|first4=T. R.|last5=Parsons|first5=S. G.|last6=Winget|first6=D. E.|last7=Miller|first7=G. F.|last8=Schreiber|first8=M. R.|last9=Kley|first9=W.|last10=Dhillon|first10=V. S.|last11=Littlefair|first11=S. P.|last12=Copperwheat|first12=C. M.|last13=Hermes|first13=J. J.|journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics|volume=521|pages=L60|arxiv=1010.3608|bibcode=2010A&A...521L..60B|s2cid=53702506}}</ref>
| <ref name=JPL-2012-10-15>NASA JPL, , '''Whitney Clavin''', ''15 October 2012'' (accessed 20 October 2012)</ref>
|-
| First planet in a multi-star orbit in a quadruple star system
| ] or Kepler-64b
| ]
| 2012
| <ref name=PlanetHunters.org-PH1/>
|-
| First planet in a single-star orbit in a quadruple star system
| 30 Arietis BA b
| ] BA
| 2009
| Quadruple nature of the system was revealed in 2015.<ref name="Guenther2009">{{cite journal | title=A substellar component orbiting the F-star 30 Arietis B | url=http://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/full_html/2009/45/aa12112-09/aa12112-09.html | last1=Guenther | first1=E. W. | last2=Hartmann | first2=M. | last3=Esposito | first3=M. | last4=Hatzes | first4=A. P. | last5=Cusano | first5=F. | last6=Gandolfi | first6=D. | display-authors=1 | journal=Astronomy and Astrophysics | volume=507 | issue=3 | pages=1659–1665 | year=2009 | arxiv=0912.4619 | bibcode=2009A&A...507.1659G | doi=10.1051/0004-6361/200912112 }}</ref>
|-
| First ] discovered in a quadruple star system
| ] or Kepler-64b
| ]
| 2012
| <ref name=PlanetHunters.org-PH1>PlanetHunters.org, , ''15 October 2012'' (accessed 20 October 2012)</ref>
|-
|} |}


Line 429: Line 336:
|+ First discovery by star type |+ First discovery by star type
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star type
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
Line 440: Line 347:
| 1992 | 1992
| <ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/><ref name=Space.com-2003-05-23/> | <ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/><ref name=Space.com-2003-05-23/>
|-
| First known planet orbiting a ].
| ]
| ]
| 1993
| ''Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf. Discovery confirmed in 2003. ]'' was announced in 2007, but has not been confirmed.
|- |-
| First known extrasolar planet orbiting a ] (Sun-like) | First known extrasolar planet orbiting a ] (Sun-like)
Line 446: Line 359:
| 1995 | 1995
| First ].<ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/> | First ].<ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/>
|-
| First known planet orbiting an ABO star (blue-white star)
| ]
| ]
| 2008
| First extrasolar planet discovered by visible light image.
|- |-
| First known planet orbiting a ] | First known planet orbiting a ]
Line 457: Line 364:
| ] | ]
| 1998 | 1998
| <ref name=PopSci-199809-77pp79>{{cite magazine |journal= Popular Science |date= September 1998 |author= Marietta DiChristina |title= Other Worlds |pages= 77–79 }}</ref><ref name=1998A&A...338L..67D>{{cite journal |title= The closest extrasolar planet: A giant planet around the M4 dwarf Gl 876 |authors= Xavier Delfosse, Thierry Forveille, Michel Mayor, Christian Perrier, Dominique Naef, Didier Queloz |publicationdate= October 1998 |journal= Astronomy and Astrophysics |volume= 338 |pages= L67–L70 |bibcode= 1998A&A...338L..67D |arxiv= astro-ph/9808026 |date= 4 August 1998 }}</ref> | <ref name="PopSci-199809-77pp79">{{cite magazine |journal= Popular Science |date= September 1998 |author= Marietta DiChristina |title= Other Worlds |pages= 77–79 }}</ref><ref name="1998A&A...338L..67D">{{cite journal |bibcode=1998A&A...338L..67D |last1=Delfosse |first1=Xavier |last2=Forveille |first2=Thierry |last3=Mayor |first3=Michel |last4=Perrier |first4=Christian |last5=Naef |first5=Dominique |last6=Queloz |first6=Didier |title=The closest extrasolar planet. A giant planet around the M4 dwarf GL 876 |journal=] |volume=338 |pages=L67–L70 |year=1998 |arxiv=astro-ph/9808026 }}</ref>
|-
| First "free-floating" planet discovered<ref group="NB" name="Freefloating" />
| S Ori 68
| {{n/a}}
| 2000
| ~5&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub><ref name=":0" /> Isolated status needs confirmation. Could be a companion of SE 70; needs confimation.<ref name=":1" />
{{nowrap|]}} (S Ori 70) has a mass of 3&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub>; needs confirmation.<ref name="Space-2002-05-22" /><ref name=":2" />
|- |-
| First known planet orbiting a ] | First known planet orbiting a ]
| '']''
| ]
| ] | ]
| 2002 | 2002
|] / Hypatia was published in the very same month (September 2002) ''] / Tadmor'' was announced to be confirmed after initial discovery in 1988. While it is timewise a tie, the most recent mass estimate of 16.4 {{±|9.3|4.0}} {{Jupiter mass|link=y}} for ], being likely above the deuterium burning limit, makes the 6.6 {{±|2.3|2.8}} {{Jupiter mass|link=y}} '']'' more likely to be the first one.
|
* '']'' was announced in 1997, but was not confirmed until 2015.''
|-
| First known planet orbiting a ].
| ]
| ]
| 1993
|
* '']'' was announced in 2007, but has not been confirmed.
|- |-
| First known planet orbiting a ]. | First known planet orbiting a ].
Line 479: Line 385:
| May in fact be a ] instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. First directly imaged planet. | May in fact be a ] instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. First directly imaged planet.
|- |-
| First "free-floating" planet discovered<ref group=NB name=Freefloating/> | First known planet orbiting an ABO star (blue-white star)
| ]
| {{nowrap|]}}<br />(S Ori 70)
| ]
| {{n/a}}
| 2004 | 2008
| First extrasolar planet discovered by visible light image. In 2020 this object was determined to be an expanding debris cloud from a collision of asteroids rather than a planet.<ref name="PNAS-20200420"/>
| <ref name=Space-2002-05-22/> Has mass of 3 M<sub>Jupiter</sub>; needs confirmation.
|- |-
| First confirmed planet orbiting only a ].
| ]
| ]
| 2011
|
|} |}


Line 491: Line 402:
|+ Firsts by planet type |+ Firsts by planet type
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet type
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
! style="background:#efefef;"| Year ! style="background:#efefef;"| Year
! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes ! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes
|-
| First ] discovered<ref group="NB" name="SuperEarth">The mass range of Super-Earths is disputed</ref>
| ]<br />]
| ]
| 1992
| First planets discovered.<ref name="Space.com-2010-02-14" />
|- |-
| First ] | First ]
Line 502: Line 419:
| 1995 | 1995
| First planet discovered orbiting a main sequence star. | First planet discovered orbiting a main sequence star.
|-
| First evaporating planet discovered
| ]
| ]
| 1999
| First transiting planet.<ref name="Space.com-2010-02-14" />
|-
| First "free-floating" planet discovered<ref group="NB" name="Freefloating" />
| S Ori 68
| {{n/a}}
| 2000
| ~5&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub><ref name=":0" /> Isolated status needs confirmation. Could be a companion of SE 70; needs confimation.<ref name=":1" />
{{nowrap|]}} (S Ori 70) has a mass of 3&nbsp;M<sub>Jupiter</sub>; needs confirmation.<ref name="Space-2002-05-22" /><ref name=":2" />
|- |-
| First extrasolar ] orbiting a main sequence star | First extrasolar ] orbiting a main sequence star
| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| 2004 | 2004
| Terrestrial nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The minimum mass is comparable to that of Uranus, which is not a terrestrial planet. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being a rocky planet is CoRoT-7b. | ] (discovered in 2004) has been proposed to be a terrestrial planet, but its terrestrial nature is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The minimum mass is comparable to that of ], which is not a terrestrial planet. The first extrasolar planet found to have a density compatible with being a rocky planet is ] in 2009. 55 Cancri e was found to be a terrestrial planet in 2011.
|-
| First ] discovered<ref group=NB name=SuperEarth>The mass range of Super-Earths is disputed</ref>
| ]<br />]
| ]
| 1992
| <ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/> First planets discovered.<ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/>
|- |-
| First ] orbiting a main sequence star<ref group=NB name=SuperEarth/> | First ] orbiting a main sequence star<ref group=NB name=SuperEarth/>
| ] | ]
| ] | ]
Line 527: Line 451:
| Orbits a red dwarf star. The icy nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being an icy planet is GJ 1214 b, though even for this case there are other possibilities for the composition. | Orbits a red dwarf star. The icy nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being an icy planet is GJ 1214 b, though even for this case there are other possibilities for the composition.
|- |-
| First ] candidate; also first small planet within the ]
| First evaporating planet discovered
| ] | ]
| ] | ]
| 1999 | 2007
| Orbits a red dwarf star. This planet orbits a little too far from the star, but the ] would be enough to make this planet habitable. The other ocean planet candidate, ], was detected by transit in which the density was calculated and determined that this planet is an ocean planet. Now disputed.<ref name="SCI-20140703">{{cite journal |last1=Robertson |first1=Paul |author2-link=Suvrath Mahadevan |last2=Mahadevan |first2=Suvrath |last3=Endl |first3=Michael |last4=Roy |first4=Arpita |title=Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581 |journal=] |date=3 July 2014 |doi=10.1126/science.1253253 |pmid=24993348 |arxiv=1407.1049 |bibcode=2014Sci...345..440R |volume=345 |issue=6195 |pages=440–444 |citeseerx=10.1.1.767.2071 |s2cid=206556796 }}</ref><ref name="Hatzes2015">{{cite journal |last1=Hatzes |first1=Artie P. |title=Periodic Hα variations in GL 581: Further evidence for an activity origin to GL 581d |journal=] |date=January 2016 |volume=585 |pages=A144 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201527135 |arxiv=1512.00878 |bibcode=2016A&A...585A.144H |s2cid=55623630 }}</ref>
| First transiting planet.<ref name=Space.com-2010-02-14/>
|- |-
| First ] analogue | First ] analogue
Line 537: Line 461:
| ] | ]
| 2015 | 2015
| First ] located in outer planetary system of another star; previous gas giants had been discovered, but all closer to their star. The discovery raises the possibility that HIP 11915 will be the first ] analogue discovered. | <!-- First ] located in outer planetary system of another star; previous gas giants had been discovered, but all closer to their star.-->The discovery raises the possibility that HIP 11915 will be the first ] analogue discovered.
|-
| First ] candidate; also first planet within the ]
| ]
| ]
| 2007
| Orbits a red dwarf star. This planet orbits a little too far from the star, but the ] would be enough to make this planet habitable. The other ocean planet candidate, ], was detected by transit in which the density was calculated and determined that this planet is an ocean planet.
|-
| First "free-floating" planet discovered<ref group=NB name=Freefloating/>
| {{nowrap|]}}<br />(S Ori 70)
| {{n/a}}
| 2004
| <ref name=Space-2002-05-22/> Has mass of 3 M<sub>Jupiter</sub>; needs confirmation.
|-
|} |}


Line 557: Line 468:
|+ Other firsts |+ Other firsts
|- |-
! style="background:#efefef;"| Title ! style="background:#efefef;"| Record
! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet ! style="background:#efefef;"| Planet
! style="background:#efefef;"| Star ! style="background:#efefef;"| Star
! style="background:#efefef;"| Year ! style="background:#efefef;"| Year
! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes ! style="background:#efefef;"| Notes
|-
| First extrasolar ]
| ]
| ]
| 1999
| <ref name=PhysOrg-2005-03-23/> ] is the first planet found by transit method.<ref name=SD-2003-01-10/>
|- |-
| First map of an extrasolar planet released | First map of an extrasolar planet released
Line 573: Line 478:
| ] | ]
| 2007 | 2007
| The map in question is a thermal emission map.<ref>{{cite journal| journal=Nature| volume= 447| pages= 183–186|date=10 May 2007| doi= 10.1038/nature05782| title=A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b| first=Heather A.| last=Knutson| author2=David Charbonneau| author3=Lori E. Allen| author4=Jonathan J. Fortney| author5=Eric Agol| author6=Nicolas B. Cowan| author7=Adam P. Showman| author8=Curtis S. Cooper| author9=S. Thomas Megeath |pmid=17495920| issue=7141|bibcode = 2007Natur.447..183K |arxiv = 0705.0993 }}</ref> | The map in question is a thermal emission map.<ref>{{cite journal| journal=Nature| volume= 447| pages= 183–186|date=10 May 2007| doi= 10.1038/nature05782| title=A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b| first=Heather A.| last=Knutson| author2=David Charbonneau| author3=Lori E. Allen| author4=Jonathan J. Fortney| author5=Eric Agol| author6=Nicolas B. Cowan| author7=Adam P. Showman| author8=Curtis S. Cooper| author9=S. Thomas Megeath |pmid=17495920| issue=7141|bibcode = 2007Natur.447..183K |arxiv = 0705.0993 | s2cid= 4402268}}</ref>
|- |-
| First multi-planet extrasolar system directly imaged | First multi-planet extrasolar system directly imaged
Line 585: Line 490:
| {{nowrap|]}} | {{nowrap|]}}
| 2009 | 2009
| The planet HAT-P-7b was discovered before WASP-17b, but its retrograde nature was announced after that of WASP-17b. The planet ], whose orbit is retrograde in a close binary star, was suspected to exist since 2004 although it was not confirmed until 2021.<ref name="Ramm3">{{cite journal|last=Ramm|first=D J|last2=Robertson|first2=P|last3=Reffert|first3=S|last4=Gunn|first4=F|last5=Trifonov|first5=T|last6=Pollard|first6=K|last7=Cantalloube|first7=F|display-authors=2|title=A photospheric and chromospheric activity analysis of the quiescent retrograde-planet host ν Octantis A|journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society|year=2021|volume=502|issue=2|pages=2793–2806|arxiv=2101.06844|doi=10.1093/mnras/stab078|doi-access=free}}</ref>
| The planet HAT-P-7b was discovered before WASP-17b, but its retrograde nature was announced after that of WASP-17b.
|-
| First extrasolar planet with serious potential to support ]
| ]
| ]
| 2010
| This planet may be tidally locked to its parent star, but there could be a habitable band along the terminator. The other candidate is ].
|- |-
| First planet discovered orbiting a Sun-like star in a star cluster | First planet discovered orbiting a Sun-like star in a star cluster
| ] <br/> ] | ] <br />]
| ] <br/> ] | ] <br />]
| 2012 | 2012
| ] star cluster.<ref name=ScienceDaily-2012-09-14>ScienceDaily, , 14 September 2012</ref> | ] star cluster.<ref name="ScienceDaily-2012-09-14">ScienceDaily, , 14 September 2012</ref>
|- |-
| First recorded planet-planet transit | First recorded planet-planet transit
| ] <br> ] | ] <br>]
| ] | ]
| 2012 | 2012
| Kepler-89e was partially transiting Kepler-89d.<ref>{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1310.5771|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/185|title = Characterization of the Koi-94 System with Transit Timing Variation Analysis: Implication for the Planet-Planet Eclipse|journal = The Astrophysical Journal|volume = 778|issue = 2|pages = 185–200|year = 2013|last1 = Masuda|first1 = Kento|last2 = Hirano|first2 = Teruyuki|last3 = Taruya|first3 = Atsushi|last4 = Nagasawa|first4 = Makiko|last5 = Suto|first5 = Yasushi|last6 = Kite|first6 = Edwin S.|last7 = Stapelfeldt|first7 = Karl|last8 = Marois|first8 = Christian|last9 = Krist|first9 = John|bibcode = 2013ApJ...778..185M}}</ref> | Kepler-89e was found to partially transit Kepler-89d.<ref>{{Cite journal |arxiv = 1310.5771|doi = 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/185|title = Characterization of the Koi-94 System with Transit Timing Variation Analysis: Implication for the Planet-Planet Eclipse|journal = The Astrophysical Journal|volume = 778|issue = 2|pages = 185–200|year = 2013|last1 = Masuda|first1 = Kento|last2 = Hirano|first2 = Teruyuki|last3 = Taruya|first3 = Atsushi|last4 = Nagasawa|first4 = Makiko|last5 = Suto|first5 = Yasushi|last6 = Kite|first6 = Edwin S.|last7 = Stapelfeldt|first7 = Karl|last8 = Marois|first8 = Christian|last9 = Krist|first9 = John|bibcode = 2013ApJ...778..185M|s2cid = 119264400}}</ref>
|-
| First extrasolar planet with serious potential to support ]
| ]
| ]
| 2013
| Kepler-62f was the first definite near-]-sized planet discovered within its star's ].<ref name="Borucki">{{Cite journal | last=Borucki | first=William J. | author-link=William J. Borucki |display-authors=etal | title=Kepler-62: A Five-Planet System with Planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth Radii in the Habitable Zone | journal=Science Express| date=18 April 2013 |doi=10.1126/science.1234702 |arxiv = 1304.7387 |bibcode = 2013Sci...340..587B | volume=340 | issue=6132 | pages=587–590 | pmid=23599262| s2cid=21029755 }}</ref><ref name="Borucki2019">{{cite journal|arxiv=1905.05719|doi=10.1016/j.newar.2019.03.002|title=Kepler-62f: Kepler's first small planet in the habitable zone, but is it real?|year=2018|last1=Borucki|first1=William|last2=Thompson|first2=Susan E.|last3=Agol|first3=Eric|last4=Hedges|first4=Christina|journal=New Astronomy Reviews|volume=83|pages=28–36|bibcode=2018NewAR..83...28B|s2cid=153313459}}</ref>
|- |-
| First transiting planet discovered in a star cluster | First transiting planet discovered in a star cluster
| ] <br/> ] | ] <br/>]
| ] <br/> ] | ] <br/>]
| 2013 | 2013
| ] star cluster; these two planets were, at the time of discovery, only two of six total planets known in star clusters.<ref name=SpaceDaily-2013-06-27>SpaceDaily, , 27 June 2013</ref> | ] star cluster; these two planets were, at the time of discovery, only two of six total planets known in star clusters.<ref name=SpaceDaily-2013-06-27>SpaceDaily, , 27 June 2013</ref>
Line 621: Line 526:
| ] | ]
| 2014 | 2014
| Rotation speed was calculated to be 8.1 hours.<ref name="Cowen2014">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature.2014.15132| title = First exoplanet seen spinning| journal = Nature| date = 2014-04-30| last1 = Cowen | first1 = R. }}</ref> | Rotation speed was calculated to be 8.1 hours.<ref name="Cowen2014">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1038/nature.2014.15132| title = First exoplanet seen spinning| journal = Nature| date = 2014-04-30| last1 = Cowen | first1 = R. | s2cid = 123849861}}</ref>
|-
| First extrasolar planet system with one transiting and one directly imaged planet
| {{nowrap|PTFO 8-8695 /<br /> ] b <br /> ] c}}
| {{nowrap|]}}
| 2016
|
|- |-
| First planet found to contain ] in the ] | First planet found to contain ] in the ]
Line 633: Line 532:
| ] | ]
| 2017 | 2017
| <ref name="NASA-20170802">{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=Hubble Detects Exoplanet with Glowing Water Atmosphere |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6909 |date=2 August 2017 |work=] |accessdate=3 August 2017 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20170802">{{cite journal |author=Evans, Thomas M.|display-authors=etal|title=An ultrahot gas-giant exoplanet with a stratosphere |date=2 August 2017 |journal=] |volume=548 |issue=7665|pages=58–61 |doi=10.1038/nature23266 |pmid=28770846|arxiv = 1708.01076 |bibcode = 2017Natur.548...58E }}</ref> | <ref name="NASA-20170802">{{cite web |last1=Landau |first1=Elizabeth |last2=Villard |first2=Ray |title=Hubble Detects Exoplanet with Glowing Water Atmosphere |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6909 |date=2 August 2017 |work=] |access-date=3 August 2017 }}</ref><ref name="NAT-20170802">{{cite journal |author=Evans, Thomas M.|display-authors=etal|title=An ultrahot gas-giant exoplanet with a stratosphere |date=2 August 2017 |journal=] |volume=548 |issue=7665|pages=58–61 |doi=10.1038/nature23266 |pmid=28770846|arxiv = 1708.01076 |bibcode = 2017Natur.548...58E |s2cid=205258293}}</ref>
|- |-
| First extrasolar planet system with one radial velocity and one directly imaged planet
|] ]
|]
|2019
|<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Lagrange |first1=A.-M. |last2=Meunier |first2=Nadège |last3=Rubini |first3=Pascal |last4=Keppler |first4=Miriam |last5=Galland |first5=Franck |last6=Chapellier |first6=Eric |last7=Michel |first7=Eric |last8=Balona |first8=Luis |last9=Beust |first9=Hervé |last10=Guillot |first10=Tristan |last11=Grandjean |first11=Antoine |last12=Borgniet |first12=Simon |last13=Mékarnia |first13=Djamel |last14=Wilson |first14=Paul Anthony |last15=Kiefer |first15=Flavien |date=2019-08-19 |title=Evidence for an additional planet in the β Pictoris system |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-019-0857-1 |journal=Nature Astronomy |language=en |volume=3 |issue=12 |pages=1135–1142 |bibcode=2019NatAs...3.1135L |doi=10.1038/s41550-019-0857-1 |issn=2397-3366}}</ref>
|-
| First ] ] unbounded by any star, and free floating in the ].
| ]
| {{n/a}}
| 2020
| ] by ].<ref name="UT-20201001">{{cite news |last=Gough |first=Evan |title=A Rogue Earth-Mass Planet Has Been Discovered Freely Floating in the Milky Way Without a Star |url=https://www.universetoday.com/148097/a-rogue-earth-mass-planet-has-been-discovered-freely-floating-in-the-milky-way-without-a-star/ |date=1 October 2020 |work=] |access-date=2 October 2020 }}</ref><ref name="AR-20200929">{{cite journal |author=Mroz, Przemek|display-authors=et al.|title=A Terrestrial-mass Rogue Planet Candidate Detected in the Shortest-timescale Microlensing Event |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters|date=29 September 2020 |volume=903|issue=1|pages=L11|doi=10.3847/2041-8213/abbfad|arxiv=2009.12377 |bibcode=2020ApJ...903L..11M|s2cid=221971000 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
|} |}


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ] * ]
* ] * ]


==Notes== ==Notes==
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] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]
] ]

Latest revision as of 02:16, 4 November 2024

This is a list of exoplanet discoveries that were the first by several criteria, including:

and others.

The first

The choice of "first" depends on definition and confirmation, as below. The three systems detected prior to 1994 each have a drawback, with Gamma Cephei b being unconfirmed until 2002; while the PSR B1257+12 planets orbit a pulsar. This leaves 51 Pegasi b (discovered and confirmed 1995) as the first confirmed exoplanet around a normal star.

First Planet Star Year Notes
First detected exoplanet later confirmed Gamma Cephei Ab Gamma Cephei 1988 (suspected), 2002 (confirmed) First evidence for exoplanet to receive later confirmation.
First exoplanets to be confirmed PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992 First super-Earths.

These exoplanets orbit a pulsar.

First confirmed exoplanet around normal star 51 Pegasi b 51 Pegasi 1995 First convincing exoplanet discovered around a Sun-like star. While the minimum mass of HD 114762 b was high enough (11 Jupiter-masses) that it could be a brown dwarf, 51 Peg b's minimum mass meant that it almost certainly was near the mass of Jupiter.

By discovery method

First discovery by a method
Discovery method Planet Star Year Notes
First planet discovered via pulsar timing PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992 First super-earths.
First planet discovered via radial velocity 51 Pegasi b 51 Pegasi 1995 First convincing exoplanet discovered around a Sun-like star. While the minimum mass of HD 114762 b was high enough (11 Jupiter-masses) that it could be a brown dwarf, 51 Peg b's minimum mass meant that it almost certainly was near the mass of Jupiter.
First planet discovered via transit OGLE-TR-56 b OGLE-TR-56 2002 This was also the second planet detected through transiting, and the then farthest planet known at time of discovery. The first extrasolar planet detected to be transiting was HD 209458 b, which had already been discovered by the radial velocity method.
First planet discovered via gravitational lensing OGLE-2003-BLG-235L b OGLE-2003-BLG-235L / MOA-2003-BLG-53L 2004 This was discovered independently by the OGLE and MOA teams.
First exoplanet discovered by directly imaging the extrasolar planet 2M1207 b 2M1207 2004/

2005

May be a brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen.
First planet discovered through variable star timing V391 Pegasi b V391 Pegasi 2007 The planet was discovered by examining deviations from pulsation frequency from a subdwarf star.
First extrasolar planet discovered by indirect imaging (visible light) Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut 2008 Discovered by a light reflecting off of a dust cloud surrounding the planet. First planet orbiting an ABO star. In 2020 this object was determined to be an expanding debris cloud from a collision of asteroids rather than a planet.
First extrasolar planet discovered by astrometric observations HD 176051 b HD 176051 A or HD 176051 B 2010 Orbits around one of the stars in a binary star system although it is not known which component it is orbiting around.
First exoplanet discovered by orbital perturbations of another planet Kepler-19c Kepler-19 (KOI-84, TYC 3134-1549-1) 2011 Detected through transit-timing variation method. Its existence was inferred by the gravitational influence it had on the orbital periodicity of Kepler-19b.
First exoplanets discovered by orbital phase reflected light variations Kepler-70b, Kepler-70c Kepler-70 2011 Now dubious.
First exoplanet discovered by transit-duration variation method Kepler-88c Kepler-88 (KOI-142) 2013 Both transit timing variation and transit-duration variation was measured to measure deviations from the regular orbit of Kepler-88b. Deviations of the planet's transit duration and timing helped to discover Kepler-88c.

By detection method

Some of these planets had already been discovered by another method but were the first to be detected by the listed method.

First detection by a method
Detection method Planet Star Year Notes
First planet detected via radial velocity Gamma Cephei Ab Gamma Cephei 1988 First evidence for exoplanet to receive later confirmation.
First planet detected via pulsar timing PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992
First planet detected by transit method HD 209458 b HD 209458 1999 This first exoplanet found to be transiting had already been discovered by the radial velocity method. This is also the first planet that has been detected through more than one method.
First directly imaged extrasolar planet (infrared) 2M1207 b 2M1207 2004/ 2005 May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. If it is a planet, it is the first known planet around a brown dwarf.
First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a 'normal' star (infrared) DH Tauri b DH Tauri 2005 Revised masses place it below the deuterium-burning limit. May be a brown dwarf companion.

DH Tauri b and GQ Lupi b were confirmed as companions within about three month in 2005. Both could be brown dwarfs. If one is a planet, it is the first planet orbiting a 'normal' star, possibly the first exoplanet directly imaged.

First directly imaged extrasolar planet orbiting a sun-like star (infrared) AB Pictoris b AB Pictoris 2005 It has 10±1 MJ.

GQ Lupi b was found earlier. May, however, be a brown dwarf companion.

1RXS J160929.1−210524 b was found later. Revised mass places it at or above the deuterium-burning limit. May be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. The orbital status of the companion was confirmed in 2010.

First planet with observed secondary eclipse (infrared) HD 209458 b HD 209458 2005 Planet was discovered in 1999. This is the first detection of light from an object with a clear planetary origin.
First planet characterized by atmospheric spectroscopy HD 209458 b HD 209458 2007 also by HD 189733 b was characterized spectroscopically only few month later.

Any of the earlier Direct imaging exoplanets, e.g. 2M1207 b, DH Tauri b or GQ Lupi b have spatially resolved spectroscopic observations, but the objects need confirmation to be of planetary origin.

First planets directly characterized through astrometric observations Gliese 876 b and Gliese 876 c Gliese 876 2009
First planet detected by orbital phase reflected light variations in visible light CoRoT-1b CoRoT-1 2009 The planet in question had already been discovered with transit method.
First planet characterized by spatially resolved atmospheric spectroscopy HR 8799 c HR 8799 2010 Several spectra of Direct imaging exoplanets might be earlier, but the objects need confirmation to be of planetary origin. Especially AB Pictoris b is a candidate, if its mass is confirmed to be 10±1 MJ.
First planets detected through ellipsoidal light variations of the host star HAT-P-7b HAT-P-7 2010
First planets detected through transit timing variation method Kepler-9b, Kepler-9c Kepler-9 2010 Transit-timing variation was used to confirm both planets detected through transit method.
First planet detected through transit duration variation method Kepler-16b Kepler-16 2011 Orbital motion of the three-body system Kepler-16 causes variations of the duration of stellar eclipses and planetary transits.
First planet detected with eclipsing binary timing with well-characterized orbit Kepler-16b Kepler-16 2011 Kepler-16b itself was detected through transit method. There are stars with earlier detections through eclipsing binary timing. However, either those signals have matched with unstable orbits or the exact orbits are not known.
First planet detected by light variations due to relativistic beaming TrES-2b TrES-2A 2012
First tilted multi-planetary system discovered Kepler-56b, c and d Kepler-56 2013
First extrasolar planet detected through polarimetry DH Tauri b /

GSC 6214-210 b

DH Tauri /

GSC 6214-210

2021 "polarization of several tenths of a percent for DH Tau B and GSC 6214-210 B in H-band" ... "unlikely to be caused by interstellar dust." ... "the polarization most likely originates from circumsubstellar disks." Both companions may be brown dwarfs or exoplanets.

Polarized scattered light was found for HD 189733 b in 2008. It could not be confirmed and was disputed by two separate teams. Possibly a "Saharan dust event over the La Palma observatory in 2008 August". HD 189733 b was discovered in 2005.

By system type

First discovery by system type
System type Planet Star Year Notes
First extrasolar planet discovered in a solitary star system PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992 First extrasolar planets discovered.
First multiple planet extrasolar system discovered PSR B1257+12 A
PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992 First pulsar planetary system.
First planet discovered in a circumbinary orbit PSR B1620-26 b PSR B1620-26 1993 Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf. Discovery confirmed in 2003.
First planet discovered in globular cluster PSR B1620-26 b PSR B1620-26 1993 Located in Messier 4.
First planet discovered in a multiple main-sequence star system 55 Cancri b 55 Cancri 1996 55 Cnc has a distant red dwarf companion.
  • The planet around Gamma Cephei was already suspected in 1988, although its existence was not confirmed until 2002
  • Gamma Cephei Ab is the first relatively close binary with a planet.
First "free-floating" planet discovered S Ori 68 — 2000 ~5 MJupiter Isolated status needs confirmation. Could be a companion of SE 70; needs confimation.

S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70) has a mass of 3 MJupiter; needs confirmation.

First binary star system where both components have separate planetary systems HD 20781 b
HD 20781 c
HD 20782 b 		HD 20781
HD 20782 		2011
First multiple planet system in a multi-star system where multiple planets orbit multiple stars Kepler-47b
Kepler-47c 		Kepler-47 2012 NN Serpentis cataclysmic variable is suspected to have at least 2 planets as of 2009.

By star type

First discovery by star type
Star type Planet Star Year Notes
First pulsar planet discovered PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992
First known planet orbiting a white dwarf. PSR B1620-26 b PSR B1620-26 1993 Orbits a pulsar and a white dwarf. Discovery confirmed in 2003. GD 66 b was announced in 2007, but has not been confirmed.
First known extrasolar planet orbiting a main sequence star (Sun-like) 51 Pegasi b 51 Pegasi 1995 First hot Jupiter.
First known planet orbiting a red dwarf Gliese 876 b Gliese 876 1998
First "free-floating" planet discovered S Ori 68 — 2000 ~5 MJupiter Isolated status needs confirmation. Could be a companion of SE 70; needs confimation.

S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70) has a mass of 3 MJupiter; needs confirmation.

First known planet orbiting a giant star γ Cephei Ab Gamma Cephei A 2002 Iota Draconis b / Hypatia was published in the very same month (September 2002) Gamma Cephei Ab / Tadmor was announced to be confirmed after initial discovery in 1988. While it is timewise a tie, the most recent mass estimate of 16.4
−4.0 MJ for Iota Draconis b, being likely above the deuterium burning limit, makes the 6.6
−2.8 MJ Gamma Cephei Ab more likely to be the first one.
First known planet orbiting a brown dwarf. 2M1207 b 2M1207 2004 May in fact be a sub-brown dwarf instead of a planet, depending on formation mechanism and definitions chosen. First directly imaged planet.
First known planet orbiting an ABO star (blue-white star) Fomalhaut b Fomalhaut 2008 First extrasolar planet discovered by visible light image. In 2020 this object was determined to be an expanding debris cloud from a collision of asteroids rather than a planet.
First confirmed planet orbiting only a white dwarf. WD 0806−661 B WD 0806−661 2011

By planet type

Firsts by planet type
Planet type Planet Star Year Notes
First super-Earth discovered PSR B1257+12 B
PSR B1257+12 C 		PSR B1257+12 1992 First planets discovered.
First hot Jupiter 51 Pegasi b 51 Pegasi 1995 First planet discovered orbiting a main sequence star.
First evaporating planet discovered HD 209458 b HD 209458 1999 First transiting planet.
First "free-floating" planet discovered S Ori 68 — 2000 ~5 MJupiter Isolated status needs confirmation. Could be a companion of SE 70; needs confimation.

S Ori J053810.1-023626 (S Ori 70) has a mass of 3 MJupiter; needs confirmation.

First extrasolar terrestrial planet orbiting a main sequence star 55 Cancri e 55 Cancri 2004 Mu Arae c (discovered in 2004) has been proposed to be a terrestrial planet, but its terrestrial nature is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The minimum mass is comparable to that of Uranus, which is not a terrestrial planet. The first extrasolar planet found to have a density compatible with being a rocky planet is CoRoT-7b in 2009. 55 Cancri e was found to be a terrestrial planet in 2011.
First super-Earth orbiting a main sequence star Gliese 876 d Gliese 876 2005 Orbits a red dwarf star.
First icy extrasolar planet orbiting a main sequence star OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb OGLE-2005-BLG-390L 2006 Orbits a red dwarf star. The icy nature of this planet is not confirmed, as no radius measurements are available so the density is unknown. The first extrasolar planet known to have a density compatible with being an icy planet is GJ 1214 b, though even for this case there are other possibilities for the composition.
First ocean planet candidate; also first small planet within the circumstellar habitable zone Gliese 581d Gliese 581 2007 Orbits a red dwarf star. This planet orbits a little too far from the star, but the greenhouse effect would be enough to make this planet habitable. The other ocean planet candidate, GJ 1214 b, was detected by transit in which the density was calculated and determined that this planet is an ocean planet. Now disputed.
First Jupiter analogue HIP 11915 b HIP 11915 2015 The discovery raises the possibility that HIP 11915 will be the first Solar System analogue discovered.

Other

Other firsts
Record Planet Star Year Notes
First map of an extrasolar planet released HD 189733 b HD 189733 2007 The map in question is a thermal emission map.
First multi-planet extrasolar system directly imaged HR 8799 b
HR 8799 c
HR 8799 d
HR 8799 e 		HR 8799 2008
First planet discovered with a retrograde orbit WASP-17b WASP-17 2009 The planet HAT-P-7b was discovered before WASP-17b, but its retrograde nature was announced after that of WASP-17b. The planet Nu Octantis Ab, whose orbit is retrograde in a close binary star, was suspected to exist since 2004 although it was not confirmed until 2021.
First planet discovered orbiting a Sun-like star in a star cluster Pr0201b
Pr0211b 		Pr0201
Pr0211 		2012 Beehive Cluster star cluster.
First recorded planet-planet transit Kepler-89d
Kepler-89e 		Kepler-89 2012 Kepler-89e was found to partially transit Kepler-89d.
First extrasolar planet with serious potential to support life Kepler-62f Kepler-62 2013 Kepler-62f was the first definite near-Earth-sized planet discovered within its star's habitable zone.
First transiting planet discovered in a star cluster Kepler-66b
Kepler-67b 		Kepler-66
Kepler-67 		2013 NGC 6811 star cluster; these two planets were, at the time of discovery, only two of six total planets known in star clusters.
First map of cloud coverage of an extrasolar planet Kepler-7b Kepler-7 2013 Observations indicate cloud coverage in the west and clear skies in the east.
First not tidally locked extrasolar planet to have its day length measured Beta Pictoris b Beta Pictoris 2014 Rotation speed was calculated to be 8.1 hours.
First planet found to contain water in the stratosphere WASP-121b WASP-121 2017
First extrasolar planet system with one radial velocity and one directly imaged planet Beta Pictoris b Beta Pictoris c Beta Pictoris 2019
First Earth-mass rogue planet unbounded by any star, and free floating in the Milky Way galaxy. OGLE-2016-BLG-1928 — 2020 Detected by microlensing techniques.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Free-floating objects are not usually considered planets
  2. ^ The mass range of Super-Earths is disputed

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