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{{short description|West Central German dialect spoken in Lorraine}}
{{Distinguish|Lorrain dialect|Alsatian dialect}} {{Distinguish|Lorrain dialect|Alsatian dialect}}
{{redirect|Francique|the Grenadian athlete|Alleyne Francique}} {{redirect|Francique|the Grenadian athlete|Alleyne Francique}}
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|speakers = c. 360,000 |speakers = c. 360,000
|date = 1962 |date = 1962
|ref = |ref = <ref>Héran</ref>
|familycolor = Indo-European |familycolor = Indo-European
|fam2 = ] |fam2 = ]
|fam3 = ] |fam3 = ]
|fam4 = ] |fam4 = ]
|fam5 = ] |fam5 = ]
|fam6 = ] |fam6 = ]
|fam7 = ] |fam7 = ]
|fam8 = ] |fam8 = ]–Lothringisch
|minority = {{FRA|France}} |minority = {{FRA|France}}
|agency = ''No official regulation'' |agency = ''No official regulation''
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|glotto = loth1238 |glotto = loth1238
|glottoname = Lothringisch |glottoname = Lothringisch
|ietf = gmw-u-sd-fr57
|map = Dialectes de Moselle.svg |map = Dialectes de Moselle.svg
|mapcaption = Dialects of Moselle. Those in purple areas are lumped under the term "Lorraine Franconian" when spoken in France. |mapcaption = Dialects of Moselle. Those in purple areas are lumped under the term "Lorraine Franconian" when spoken in France.
}} }}
{{Lorraine sidebar}} {{Lorraine sidebar}}
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'''Lorraine Franconian''' (Lorraine Franconian: ''Plàtt'', ''lottrìnger Plàtt''; {{lang-fr|francique lorrain, platt lorrain}}; {{lang-de|Lothringisch}}) is an ambiguous designation for ]s of ] ({{lang-de|Westmitteldeutsch}}), a group of ] dialects spoken in the ] department of the former north-eastern ] region of ] (See ]). '''Lorraine Franconian''' (]: {{lang|pfl|Plàtt}} or {{lang|pfl|lottrìnger Plàtt}}; {{langx|fr|francique lorrain}} or ''{{lang|fr|platt lorrain}}''; {{langx|de|Lothringisch}}) is an ambiguous designation for ]s of ] ({{langx|de|Westmitteldeutsch}}), a group of ] dialects spoken in the ] department of the former northeastern ] region of ] (See ]).


== Description == == Description ==
The term ''Lorraine Franconian'' has multiple denotations. Some scholars use it to refer to the entire group of West Central German dialects spoken in the French Lorraine region. Others use it more narrowly to refer to the ] dialect spoken in the valley of the river ] (in Pays de Nied whose largest town is ]), to distinguish it from the other two ] dialects spoken in Lorraine, ] to the west and ] to the east. The term ''Lorraine Franconian'' has multiple denotations. Some scholars use it to refer to the entire group of West Central German dialects spoken in the French Lorraine region. Others use it more narrowly to refer to the ] dialect spoken in the valley of the river ] (in Pays de Nied, whose largest town is ]), to distinguish it from the other two ] dialects spoken in Lorraine, ] to the west and ] to the east.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}}

The German term {{lang|de|Lothringisch}} refers to Rhine Franconian spoken in Lorraine.<ref>Joachim Herrgen, Lars Vorberger: ''Rheinfränkisch.'' In: ''Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt.'' Volume 30.4 of ''Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication)'' (HSK). Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 478ff., here p. 490: „Die Binnendifferenzierung des Rheinfränkischen unterscheidet Nordrheinfränkisch, Pfälzisch (mit mehreren Unterdifferenzierungen) und Lothringisch. Das Lothringische ist derjenige Teilraum des Rheinfränkischen, der “</ref><ref>Helmut Glück, Michael Rödel (Hrsg.): ''Metzler Lexikon Sprache.'' 5th ed., J. B. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart, 2016, p. 410 (''Lothringisch'' mit Verweis auf ''Rheinfränkisch'') & 568f. (''Rheinfränkisch'') with the following divisions:<br/>
In the first sense:
* Rheinfränkisch
** Pfälzisch
*** Westpfälzisch
**** Lothringisch
*** Ostpfältzisch
*** Südhessisch
In the second, traditional, broader sense:
* Rheinfränkisch
** Pfälzisch'', with the same meaning as ''Rheinfränkisch'' in the first sense''
** Hessisch
*** Mittel-, Nieder-, Osthessisch</ref>


In 1806 there were 218,662 speakers of Lorraine Franconian in ] and 41,795 speakers in ].<ref>Sébastien Bottin, ''Mélanges sur les langues, dialectes et patois'', Paris, 1831.</ref> In 1806 there were 218,662 speakers of Lorraine Franconian in ] and 41,795 speakers in ].<ref>Sébastien Bottin, ''Mélanges sur les langues, dialectes et patois'', Paris, 1831.</ref>


In part from the ambiguity of the term, estimates of the number of speakers of Lorraine Franconian in France vary widely, ranging from 30,000<ref>Auburtin</ref> to 400,000<ref></ref> (which would make it the third most-spoken regional language in France, after ] and ]). In part due to the ambiguity of the term, estimates of the number of Lorraine Franconian speakers in France vary widely, ranging from 30,000<ref>Auburtin</ref> to 400,000<ref></ref> (which would make it the third most-spoken regional language in France, after ] and ]).


The most reliable data comes from the ''Enquête famille'' carried out by ] (360,000 in the 1962 census) as part of the 1999 ], but they give a somewhat indirect picture of the current situation (see ] for a discussion of this survey). Approximately 78,000 people were reported to speak Lorraine Franconian, but fewer than 50,000 passed basic knowledge of the language on to their children. Another statistic illustrating the same point is that of all adult men who used Franconian regularly when they were 5, less than 30% use (or used) the language regularly with their own children.<ref>Héran</ref> The most reliable data comes from the ''Enquête famille'' carried out by ] (360,000 in the 1962 census) as part of the 1999 census, but it gives a somewhat indirect picture of the current situation (see ] for discussion of this survey). About 78,000 people were reported to speak Lorraine Franconian, but fewer than 50,000 passed basic knowledge of the language on to their children. Another statistic illustrating the same point is that of all adult men who used Franconian regularly when they were 5, less than 30% use (or used) the language regularly with their own children.<ref>Héran</ref>


== Bilingual signs == == Bilingual signs ==
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{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


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Latest revision as of 07:33, 10 November 2024

West Central German dialect spoken in Lorraine Not to be confused with Lorrain dialect or Alsatian dialect. "Francique" redirects here. For the Grenadian athlete, see Alleyne Francique.
Lorraine Franconian
Lottrìnger Plàtt
Native toFrance
RegionMoselle
Native speakers(c. 360,000 cited 1962)
Language familyIndo-European
Official status
Recognised minority
language in		 France
Regulated byNo official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-3–
Glottologloth1238  Lothringisch
IETFgmw-u-sd-fr57
Dialects of Moselle. Those in purple areas are lumped under the term "Lorraine Franconian" when spoken in France.
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Lorraine
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The language border around 1630
Franconian languages area: Central Franconian dialects in green.

Lorraine Franconian (native name: Plàtt or lottrìnger Plàtt; French: francique lorrain or platt lorrain; German: Lothringisch) is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German (German: Westmitteldeutsch), a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former northeastern French region of Lorraine (See Linguistic boundary of Moselle).

Description

The term Lorraine Franconian has multiple denotations. Some scholars use it to refer to the entire group of West Central German dialects spoken in the French Lorraine region. Others use it more narrowly to refer to the Moselle Franconian dialect spoken in the valley of the river Nied (in Pays de Nied, whose largest town is Boulay-Moselle), to distinguish it from the other two Franconian dialects spoken in Lorraine, Luxembourgish to the west and Rhine Franconian to the east.

The German term Lothringisch refers to Rhine Franconian spoken in Lorraine.

In 1806 there were 218,662 speakers of Lorraine Franconian in Moselle and 41,795 speakers in Meurthe.

In part due to the ambiguity of the term, estimates of the number of Lorraine Franconian speakers in France vary widely, ranging from 30,000 to 400,000 (which would make it the third most-spoken regional language in France, after Occitan and Alsatian).

The most reliable data comes from the Enquête famille carried out by INSEE (360,000 in the 1962 census) as part of the 1999 census, but it gives a somewhat indirect picture of the current situation (see Languages in France for discussion of this survey). About 78,000 people were reported to speak Lorraine Franconian, but fewer than 50,000 passed basic knowledge of the language on to their children. Another statistic illustrating the same point is that of all adult men who used Franconian regularly when they were 5, less than 30% use (or used) the language regularly with their own children.

Bilingual signs

References

  1. Héran
  2. Joachim Herrgen, Lars Vorberger: Rheinfränkisch. In: Sprache und Raum: Ein internationales Handbuch der Sprachvariation. Band 4: Deutsch. Herausgegeben von Joachim Herrgen, Jürgen Erich Schmidt. Unter Mitarbeit von Hanna Fischer und Birgitte Ganswindt. Volume 30.4 of Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft (Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science / Manuels de linguistique et des sciences de communication) (HSK). Berlin/Boston, 2019, p. 478ff., here p. 490: „Die Binnendifferenzierung des Rheinfränkischen unterscheidet Nordrheinfränkisch, Pfälzisch (mit mehreren Unterdifferenzierungen) und Lothringisch. Das Lothringische ist derjenige Teilraum des Rheinfränkischen, der “
  3. Helmut Glück, Michael Rödel (Hrsg.): Metzler Lexikon Sprache. 5th ed., J. B. Metzler Verlag, Stuttgart, 2016, p. 410 (Lothringisch mit Verweis auf Rheinfränkisch) & 568f. (Rheinfränkisch) with the following divisions:
    In the first sense:
    • Rheinfränkisch
      • Pfälzisch
        • Westpfälzisch
          • Lothringisch
        • Ostpfältzisch
        • Südhessisch
    In the second, traditional, broader sense:
    • Rheinfränkisch
      • Pfälzisch, with the same meaning as Rheinfränkisch in the first sense
      • Hessisch
        • Mittel-, Nieder-, Osthessisch
  4. Sébastien Bottin, Mélanges sur les langues, dialectes et patois, Paris, 1831.
  5. Auburtin
  6. Langues régionales.org (Platt lorrain)
  7. Héran

Sources

  • Auburtin, Éric. 2002. "Langues régionales et relations transfrontalières dans l’espace Saar-Lor-Lux". Hérodote 105, pp. 102–122.
  • Héran, François, et al. 2002. "La dynamique des langues en France au fil du XX siècle". Population et sociétés 376. Paris: Institut National d'Études Démographiques (INED).
  • Hughes, Stephanie. 2005. Bilingualism in North-East France with specific reference to Rhenish Franconian spoken by Moselle Cross-border (or frontier) workers. In Preisler, Bent, et al., eds. The Consequences of Mobility: Linguistic and Sociocultural Contact Zones. Roskilde, Denmark: Roskilde Universitetscenter: Institut for Sprog og Kultur. ISBN 87-7349-651-0.
  • Kieffer, Jean-Louis. 2006. Le Platt Lorrain de poche. Assimil. ISBN 2-7005-0374-0

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