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November 2024 Amsterdam attacks
Part of antisemitism during the Israel–Hamas war and anti-Palestinianism during the Israel–Hamas war
Amsterdam's Dam Square, where the attacks first began
Date	7 November 2024 (2024-11-07)
Location	Amsterdam, Netherlands
Methods	Riots, ambush
Resulted in	"Emergency measures" in Amsterdam
Parties
Fans of Maccabi Tel Aviv Pro-Palestinian groups and football attendees Amsterdam residents National Police Corps
Casualties
Injuries	5 hospitalized, 20–30 injured

On 7 November 2024, following a UEFA Europa League football match in Amsterdam, Netherlands, between Israeli club Maccabi Tel Aviv and Dutch club AFC Ajax, some Maccabi Tel Aviv fans were targeted in a series of attacks. Prior to the attacks, some Maccabi Tel Aviv fans had also engaged in acts of vandalism and violence in the city.

The events took place amid heightened tensions related to the Israel–Hamas war. Calls for attacks against Israeli fans were shared via social media groups after incidents in the days before the match, when some Maccabi Tel Aviv fans had been filmed pulling Palestinian flags from houses, making anti-Arab chants, assaulting people, and vandalising local property. Some Maccabi fans had also interrupted a minute of silence for the victims of the 2024 Spanish floods with chanting and whistles before the match. Subsequently, Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters were ambushed and assaulted in various locations across the city. The mayor's office said the perpetrators "actively sought out Israeli supporters to attack and assault them". The Israeli embassy said the attacks involved "kicking, beating, even running over Israeli citizens". The attacks also included instances of individuals being thrown into a canal, shot with fireworks, physically assaulted, and spit on. Five people were hospitalized, while 20 to 30 other supporters sustained minor injuries. Three rescue flights were organized for the safe return of Israeli fans.

The attacks on Israeli fans were widely condemned as criminal and antisemitic. The attacks and other acts by Israeli fans were also criticized for anti-Arab and anti-Palestinian racism.

Background

As a response to the Israeli occupation, blockade of the Gaza Strip, Israeli settler violence against Palestinians, restrictions on the movement of Palestinians, and imprisonment of thousands of Palestinians, Hamas-led an attack on Israel on 7 October 2023 that began the Israel–Hamas war which resulted in 1,139 people being killed and 251 others being taken hostage into the Gaza Strip. Israel began bombing the Gaza Strip also on the same day, and by November 2024 it had killed over 40,000 Palestinians, more than 70% of whom were women and children. Israel extended the war with its invasion of Lebanon on 1 October 2024 that killed more than 3,000 Lebanese and displaced more than 1.2 million people across the country and Syria. A number of protests related to the war have taken place in the Netherlands.

There has been a significant increase in antisemitic incidents worldwide during the course of the war, including in the Netherlands. A few months before the attacks, the European Union's Fundamental Rights Agency reported a rise in antisemitic attacks across Europe, which were partly attributed to the war. The agency also reported a rise in racism and discrimination towards Muslims and Arabs in the continent.

The Maccabi Tel Aviv fan base is known to include far-right ultra groups that have been involved in racist incidents in Israel in the past, including directing racist abuse at Arab and black players on their own team. In March, prior to a game against Olympiacos, a man who had been carrying a Palestinian flag was taken to hospital in Athens after an altercation with a group of Maccabi fans; video footage appeared to show a group of Maccabi fans beating the man up. Two people were arrested.

Other European matches played by Maccabi Tel Aviv this season had passed without violence. However, security issues with hosting games for visiting Israeli club and national teams have been challenging such as the Royal Belgian Football Association declining to stage a Men's National League game between Belgium and Israel in Brussels on 6 September 2024 with the game being played behind closed doors in Hungary instead.

Events

Prelude

The match between Ajax and Maccabi Tel Aviv was a Europa League group stage match held at the Johan Cruyff Arena.

Ahead of the game, Amsterdam mayor Femke Halsema prohibited pro-Palestinian protests near the stadium due to concerns over possible violence. Halsema requested an additional threat assessment from the National Coordinator for Counterterrorism and Security (NCTV), noting increased tensions due to the Israel–Hamas war and the upcoming commemoration of the Kristallnacht, but the NCTV found no specific threats. Mossad agents joined the team on their trip to "provide maximum protection", and Amsterdam police increased their presence in the city center the night before the match. Israel claimed that the Mossad warned of a potential threat to Israelis and Jews in the Netherlands prior to the match, sending a warning to security forces. Dutch security minister Van Weel has said they had no received a warning, but announced they would continue searching if they had missed something. The mayor later said that the match itself was not initially flagged as high-risk, as Ajax is traditionally associated with Judaism.

Local authorities cited concerns over the potential for conflict in various areas. Mossad also warned ahead of the event of an Israeli former soldier having his passport stolen and his details posted on social media.

6 November

By 6 November, many Maccabi supporters had already arrived, causing fear among pro-Palestinian activists. "The city is full of hooligans, including Israeli soldiers," said a widely shared message on pro-Palestinian social media channels. "Maccabi openly supports war crimes and genocide in Gaza. (...) Ask yourself, are you physically and mentally prepared to take on a crowd of hooligans? Staying at home does not make you any less of an activist."

Footage and reports showed individuals tearing down and burning Palestinian flags in Amsterdam on the evening of 6 November and shouting "fuck you Palestine". Dozens of Maccabi supporters gathered in front of Villa Mokum, a squat on the Rokin where several Palestinian flags were displayed. Videos showed them throwing stones at the windows, climbing the building and ripping the flags off. "They kicked our doors and tried to enter our house," a 23-year-old resident of the property told Het Parool. "They raised their middle finger and made decapitation gestures, saying , 'We're going to kill you and we will come back'." Video footage showed a police car passing, not stopping, causing outrage on social media.

A Dutch police chief said there were incidents "on both sides" and that Maccabi fans had vandalised a taxi. A video showed a man attacking a taxi with a metal chain. Another showed a group of people kicking a man on the ground, reportedly a taxi driver. This was followed by "an online call" for taxi drivers to go to a casino where 400 Israeli fans were present. A Maccabi supporter was chased into the canal and forced to yell "Free Palestine", while bystanders chanted "kankerjood" ("cancer Jew").

The Amsterdam police escorted the supporters outside and said they had prevented other disturbances, besides small riots around the casino. By 3:30 am, nevertheless, everything in the city had quietened down.

On Wednesday evening after the incident at the casino and throughout Thursday, calls for attacks on Israeli supporters thoughout the day were shared in Snapchat, Telegram, and WhatsApp groups. A group discussed bringing fireworks.

7 November

Despite heightened security and the ban of such protests, pro-Palestinian demonstrators attempted to reach the Johan Cruyff Arena on match day.

"Maccabi Fanatics" ultras convened in the city centre, in particular around Dam Square, displayed banners celebrating Israeli war heroes and set off fireworks. They chanted, among others, "Fuck the Arabs". Other people, clothed in black, chanted anti-Israeli slogans. Police instructed individuals displaying pro-Palestinian symbols or chanting slogans like "Free Palestine" to leave the square. At around 17:00, they moved towards the stadium. In side streets and on Station Square, this led to fights.

On their way to the match, Israeli fans were captured on video chanting. According to The New York Times and Frankfurter Allgemeine, chants included "Death to Arabs", "Let the IDF win" and "Why is there no school in Gaza? There are no children left there. Olé, olé, olé." At the stadium, a group of Maccabi fans interrupted a minute of silence for the victims of the 2024 Spanish floods with chanting and whistles before the match; this was attributed by some outlets to the Spanish government's criticism of Israel's war conduct in Gaza.

After the game, Maccabi supporters moved to the city centre. Footage of Israeli fans being escorted to the metro by police after the match showed them singing anti-Arab songs. A video geolocated by Sky News to the Amsterdam city centre after dark on 7 November showed Israeli supporters pulling down another Palestinian flag from a building, accompanied by chants of "Olé, olé" and "fuck you". Het Parool reported videos showing some Maccabi fans walking through the city centre with belts in their hands, assaulting people. After midnight, chanting Maccabi supporters kicked the door to the house of a woman who had displayed a pro-Palestinian poster in her window. Despite earlier incidents, De Telegraaf reported that individual police officers denied that the Israeli supporters provoked violence against them in the evening.

According to the Dutch police, Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters were ambushed and attacked in various locations throughout the city after the match. Halsema said the attacks included hit-and-run assaults carried out by "boys on scooters," who fled the scene when confronted by police. According to The Jerusalem Post, the attacks involved multiple assaults, with footage showing fans being beaten and chased with knives. Eyewitnesses reported attempted stabbings, individuals being thrown into a river, and attackers beating and spitting on Israelis. Video showed one man, apparently unconscious on the street, kicked repeatedly while lying in a sprawled out position. Other footage showed a group of men being chased down a street in the city centre, appearing scared, with shouting heard as they are struck by someone out of shot; one man is seen on the floor repeatedly shouting: "I'm not Jewish!" A report by Maariv also indicated at least one attempted kidnapping of an Israeli, and many fans sought refuge by barricading themselves in stores and buildings. Ten Israelis were injured and three temporarily went missing during the attacks, with the Israeli foreign ministry reporting later that everyone was accounted for.

Aftermath

The five people who were hospitalized were eventually released, while approximately 20 to 30 others sustained minor injuries.

A total of 63 people have been arrested in relation to the football match. 62 people had been arrested before and during the football match, three of whom for public violence. No arrest were made on the night of 7 November after the match, but the police announced it would we be searching for suspects. As of 9 November, one suspect has been arrested after the match.

Following the return of Maccabi fans to Israel, video was posted on social media showing them chanting the racist slogans they had chanted in Amsterdam, including "Why is school out in Gaza? There are no children left there".

Amsterdam officials issued an emergency ordinance banning any demonstrations for three days after the overnight attacks, and giving Dutch police the authority to stop and search individuals. Police were also stationed in larger numbers at Jewish institutions across the city. The ordinance was extended for four more days on 10 November.

Media reporting

The UK's Sky News and Israel's Channel 12 edited reports and deleted social media posts referencing the anti-Arab behaviour of Israeli fans. Sky News removed references to Maccabi Tel Aviv fans tearing down a flag, speaking instead of "three men" even though the men could be heard speaking Hebrew in the video, and deleted a reference to Maccabi fans attacking locals. Channel 12 similarly deleted a post about Maccabi Tel Aviv fans tearing down a Palestinian flag and getting into loud altercations with Muslim taxi drivers after the network faced backlash, including from Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu's son Yair, who asked "whose side is Channel 12 on?"

Media coverage of the events in Amsterdam was criticised for failing in many cases to cover the Israeli supporters’ behaviour in the run-up to the clashes. Journalist Owen Jones said, "The world is turned upside down. In the world we live in, if you condemn racist fanatics literally relishing in the mass slaughter of children, then you will be branded a hateful bigot. Gaslighting isn’t a strong enough word to describe what this is."

Response

Netherlands

The attacks were described by Dutch authorities as antisemitic, and were condemned by the Dutch government. Some Israeli and Dutch authors have described this incident as a pogrom. Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof said he was "horrified by the antisemitic attacks on Israeli citizens." He called the situation "unacceptable," adding that "the perpetrators will be identified and prosecuted." Schoof also cancelled his attendance at the 2024 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Azerbaijan to monitor the response to the unrest. Justice Minister David van Weel stated the perpetrators would be identified and held accountable, adding, "We should be ashamed of ourselves."

King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands expressed "deep horror and shock" at the attacks, adding: "We failed the Jewish community of the Netherlands during World War II, and last night we failed again." Multiple parties in the House of Representatives have called for an urgent debate, which is set to occur next week. Dutch politician Geert Wilders wrote: "Looks like a Jew hunt in the streets of Amsterdam. Arrest and deport the multicultural scum that attacked Maccabi Tel Aviv supporters in our streets," adding that he was "Ashamed that this can happen in The Netherlands. Totally unacceptable." VVD leader Dilan Yeşilgöz described the images as "incredibly sick" and the attacks as "pure Jew-hatred."

Amsterdam mayor Femke Halsema condemned the attacks, describing the perpetrators as "antisemitic hit-and-run squads." She said the incident was "a very dark moment for the city," and reminded her of pogroms against Jews in Europe. Amsterdam city councillor Jazie Veldhuyzen criticised the police for not taking action in response to incidents by Maccabi fans, and only sufficiently responding when they were attacked by Amsterdam residents.

The Forward reported that many in the Netherlands' small Jewish community said the incident was being weaponized and stripped of context, even as they worried about their own safety. Jelle Zijlstra, a Jewish community organizer, said that "multiple truths can exist at the same time", speaking of both the assaults on Israelis and footage of the fans shouting "Fuck Palestine" the night before. Zijlstra said, "There was definitely antisemitism involved in some of the events that took place. Were Jews attacked in the streets? Yes, but those Jews were also violent hooligans." A rabbinical student in Amsterdam said: "We don't know that the people who got attacked last night were those same people who chanted racist chants. There is real evidence that people went 'Jew hunting.'"

Israel

Israeli president Isaac Herzog referred to the events as an "anti-Semitic pogrom" and a warning to any nation that values freedom. He expressed confidence in the Dutch authorities' ability to protect Israelis and Jews under attack. Israeli foreign minister Gideon Sa'ar advised Israelis in Amsterdam to stay in their hotels. Sa'ar described the events as "barbaric and antisemitic," and "a blaring alarm call for Europe and the world." He also reached out to his Dutch counterpart, Caspar Veldkamp, for assistance in transporting Israeli citizens safely to the airport.

In a call with Dutch PM Schoof, Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu stressed "the supreme importance" of ensuring the safety of all Israelis in the Netherlands. Netanyahu emphasized the seriousness of the attacks and requested heightened security for the Jewish community in the Netherlands. Netanyahu arranged commercial flights for their safe return. Netanyahu also compared it to the Kristallnacht, noting the attacks took place on its 86th anniversary. Yad Vashem also noted the anniversary, saying the events were "profoundly alarming" and showed an "alarming resurgence of antisemitism".

El Al, Israel's flag carrier, announced it would run three rescue flights from Amsterdam to Tel Aviv on Shabbat, Judaism's day of rest, by approval from Israel's Chief Rabbinate, citing the principle of pikuach nefesh. The flights were said to be free of charge.

Palestine

The Palestinian Foreign Ministry issued a statement rejecting all forms of violence but condemning anti-Arab slogans and the desecration of the Palestinian flag by Maccabi supporters. The ministry expressed concern over the three days of "violent acts" in the capital carried out by the fans, known for their "racist tendencies". The ministry also called on the Dutch government to investigate those responsible for the unrest and to ensure the protection of Palestinians and Arabs, citing concerns over the presence of individuals described as illegal settlers and soldiers allegedly spreading "racist notions" across European cities. The ministry warned of the growing influence of these groups, characterizing their actions as a "direct attack on Palestinian identity and symbols."

The Palestinian Football Association said they were "gravely concerned" about the incident, and condemned the anti-Palestinian racism and Islamophobia expressed by Maccabi Tel Aviv fans. It also said it "had presented FIFA with extensive evidence of such hateful expressions, yet concrete action remains lacking". According to France 24, no European leader has condemned the racist anti-Arab chants or the violent actions carried out by the Israeli supporters.

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85. Sadeh, Shaked; Baranovski, Raanan; Walla! Sports (8 November 2024). "'They started hitting me—kicking my head': Israelis recount Amsterdam attacks, use of stun grenades". Jerusalem Post > Diaspora > Antisemitism. The Jerusalem Post. Maya Gur Arieh contributed to this report. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
86. "Foreign ministry condemns anti-Arab chants and assaults on Palestinian flag by Israeli football fans in Amsterdam". WAFA. 8 November 2024.
87. ^ Serim, Sena. "Hamas: Israeli crimes in Gaza led to Amsterdam unrest". Hamas: Israeli crimes in Gaza lead to Amsterdam unrest. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
88. "Israeli football fans clash with protesters in Amsterdam". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
89. "Palestinians blame Amsterdam attacks on Maccabi fans despite Telegram calls for violence". NL Times. Retrieved 9 November 2024.
90. "Palestine Football Association condemns 'anti-Palestinian racism' in Amsterdam". Al Jazeera. 8 November 2024.
91. "Ce que l'on sait des violences commises à Amsterdam contre des supporters du Maccabi Tel-Aviv". France 24 (in French). 8 November 2024. Retrieved 10 November 2024.

External links

News aggregators

• "Israeli football fans return home after night of violence in Amsterdam". Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ground News.

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