| Revision as of 03:07, 4 June 2021 editSantasa99 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users26,114 edits →top: infobox← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 15:43, 11 November 2024 edit undoSira Aspera (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users14,969 editsmNo edit summaryTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit | ||
| (21 intermediate revisions by 17 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| {{more citations needed|date=January 2013}} | {{more citations needed|date=January 2013}} | ||
| ⚫ | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}} | ||
| {{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| |name =Stephen I | |name = Stephen I | ||
| |succession =] | |succession = ] | ||
| |image = | |image = | ||
| |caption = | |caption = | ||
| |reign =1287–1314 | |reign = 1287–1314 | ||
| |coronation = | |coronation = | ||
| |predecessor =] | |predecessor = ] | ||
| |successor =] | |successor = ] | ||
| |spouse =] | |spouse = ] | ||
| |issue =]<br>Ninoslaus<br>]<br>another son<br>Catherine<br>Mary | |issue = ]<br>Ninoslaus<br>]<br>another son<br>Catherine<br>Mary | ||
| |house =] | |house = ] | ||
| |father =] | |father = ] | ||
| |mother =Elizabeth of Slavonia | |mother = Elizabeth of Slavonia | ||
| |birth_date = 1242 | |birth_date = 1242 | ||
| |birth_place = ] | |birth_place = ] | ||
| |death_date = 1314 | |death_date = 1314 | ||
| |death_place = Bosnia | |death_place = Bosnia | ||
| |place of burial=], near ] | |place of burial= ], near ] | ||
| |religion = | |religion = | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| '''Stephen I Kotromanić''' ({{lang-sh| |
'''Stephen I Kotromanić''' ({{lang-sh-Cyrl-Latn|separator=" / "|Стефан I|Stjepan I}}) (1242–1314) was a ] from 1287 to 1290 jointly with ] and 1290–1314 alone as a ] of the ].{{sfn|Fine|1994|p=275-276}} | ||
| ==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
| His ancestry is not known precisely. It is believed that he was the son of a German nobleman |
His ancestry is not known precisely. It is believed that he was the son of a German nobleman ''Gotfrid'', founder of the family he belonged to ''Kelad'' went to strengthen the Hungarian hold in Bosnia in 1162 or 1163. This German nobleman co-signed the ]s for ] in the ] ] in 1163 with the ] ]. Apparently, the ] ] invited him to place him as a regional ruler in Hungary's name because of his ancestor's successes. Kotroman ruled as a vassal of this ]. Mauro Orbini claimed in his work The Kingdom of Slavs that the Ragusan document refers to him as "'' Cotrumano ]''", i.e. ''Kotroman the German'' but it's unclear from where did Orbini make this reference. It has also been speculated that Kotroman might have been a son of ] ]. | ||
| ==Biography== | ==Biography== | ||
| ===Before Banate=== | ===Before Banate=== | ||
| Since 1287, when his father, ] ] withdrew from power, Kotroman ruled jointly as Ban of ] with another son of Prijezda I, ]. Kotroman separated the country with Prijezda II, and took eastern ]. After the death of Prijezda II, Kotroman became the sole Ban of ] in 1290. | Since 1287, when his father, ] ] withdrew from power, Kotroman ruled jointly as Ban of ] with another son of Prijezda I, ]. Kotroman separated the country with Prijezda II, and took eastern ]. After the death of Prijezda II, Kotroman became the sole Ban of ] in 1290. | ||
| ===Marriage=== | ===Marriage=== | ||
| Line 34: | Line 35: | ||
| ===Hungarian War of Succession=== | ===Hungarian War of Succession=== | ||
| In 1290 ] ] died leaving no heirs to the ]. The cousin of Ladislaus IV, ], was crowned ], despite the desire of the sister of the former King ], ], who wanted her son, ] as the new King in Hungary. The latter party had much more support, so ] had crowned Charles Martel as King of Hungary. This movement was supported by the most powerful ]n nobility, the ]s, ]s of ]. As the current head of the family, ] was also son-in-law of King ], family connections made Kotroman support Charles Martel's crowning. To increase his influence in Kotroman's realm, Charles Martel issued numerous edicts to split the land among the lesser ] to gain support for his reign. It appears that he gave the reign over ] to the Šubićs. Charles Martel died unexpectedly in 1295, before the campaign to seize the power in ] was finished. The Queen of Naples and sister of former King Ladislaus IV, Mary, had then decided to put her grandson, son of Charles Martel, ] as the future King of Hungary. ] declared the twelve-year-old boy as King ] in 1297. ] of ] declared himself as "] of ]" in 1299 and gave the title of ] to his brother, ]. All of Kotroman's land except for the ], which was ruled by ] ] as a vassal of the Šubićs, was held by the House of Šubić; as was confirmed by Charles I Robert. Paul Šubić wanted to bring ] Charles Robert to ] across ] to ], which would become the main station of his campaign against King Andrew III of Hungary. During the preparations for war, Andrew III |
In 1290 ] ] died leaving no heirs to the ]. The cousin of Ladislaus IV, ], was crowned ], despite the desire of the sister of the former King ], ], who wanted her son, ] as the new King in Hungary. The latter party had much more support, so ] had crowned Charles Martel as King of Hungary. This movement was supported by the most powerful ]n nobility, the ]s, ]s of ]. As the current head of the family, ] was also son-in-law of King ], family connections made Kotroman support Charles Martel's crowning. To increase his influence in Kotroman's realm, Charles Martel issued numerous edicts to split the land among the lesser ] to gain support for his reign. It appears that he gave the reign over ] to the Šubićs. Charles Martel died unexpectedly in 1295, before the campaign to seize the power in ] was finished. The Queen of Naples and sister of former King Ladislaus IV, Mary, had then decided to put her grandson, son of Charles Martel, ] as the future King of Hungary. ] declared the twelve-year-old boy as King ] in 1297. ] of ] declared himself as "] of ]" in 1299 and gave the title of ] to his brother, ]. All of Kotroman's land except for the '']'' ({{Trans|Lower Ends|Lower Edges|literal=Lower Ends, Lower Edges|sortable=y|i=y}}), which was ruled by ] ] as a vassal of the Šubićs, was held by the House of Šubić; as was confirmed by Charles I Robert. Paul Šubić wanted to bring ] Charles Robert to ] across ] to ], which would become the main station of his campaign against King Andrew III of Hungary. During the preparations for war, Andrew III died unexpectedly. ] assessed the Hungarian throne, but had to fight numerous opponents to his regime up to 1309. | ||
| ===Internal wars=== | ===Internal wars=== | ||
| Stephen Kotroman had resisted the growth of the Šubićs' power in Bosnia, but had lost by 1302 most control over the land to ]. Although, Kotroman was not defeated as he still had some influence and power in Bosnia. His father-in-law King ] could not send him aid since a succession-war had erupted in the ] between him and his brother, the powerful ] ].{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=52}} Additionally, during the problems over the Hungarian crown, Dragutin had attempted to insert his son Vladislav as the new ].{{sfn|Krstić|2016|p=33–51}} |
Stephen Kotroman had resisted the growth of the Šubićs' power in Bosnia, but had lost by 1302 most control over the land to ]. Although, Kotroman was not defeated as he still had some influence and power in Bosnia. His father-in-law King ] could not send him aid since a succession-war had erupted in the ] between him and his brother, the powerful ] ].{{sfn|Ćirković|2004|p=52}} Additionally, during the problems over the Hungarian crown, Dragutin had attempted to insert his son Vladislav as the new ].{{sfn|Krstić|2016|p=33–51}} | ||
| Despite the many difficulties, Stephen Kotroman had held out. The war turned into religious conflict, as Mladen I Šubić had started a ] to exterminate the adherents of the ] – the kristjani. This balanced the conflict in Kotroman's favour, as number of kristjani had joined his side because of this. After his death Paul Šubić in 1305 proclaimed himself "lord of All Bosnia". | Despite the many difficulties, Stephen Kotroman had held out. The war turned into religious conflict, as Mladen I Šubić had started a ] to exterminate the adherents of the ] – the kristjani. This balanced the conflict in Kotroman's favour, as number of kristjani had joined his side because of this. After his death Paul Šubić in 1305 proclaimed himself "lord of All Bosnia". | ||
| Line 44: | Line 45: | ||
| Paul's reign did not last long as he died in 1312. The disappointed ] Stephen Kotroman died in 1314, before he managed to act. | Paul's reign did not last long as he died in 1312. The disappointed ] Stephen Kotroman died in 1314, before he managed to act. | ||
| == |
==Issue== | ||
| Stephen and Elisabeth had six children: | Stephen and Elisabeth had six children: | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * Ninoslaus | * Ninoslaus | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * |
* Son | ||
| * Catherine, married ] Nicholas of ] in 1338 | * Catherine, who married ] Nicholas of ] in 1338 | ||
| * Mary | * Mary | ||
| Line 56: | Line 57: | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{reflist |
{{reflist}} | ||
| ==Sources== | ==Sources== | ||
| Line 69: | Line 70: | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| * - The Douglas Archives (in ]) | * - The Douglas Archives (in ]) | ||
| {{s-start}} | {{s-start}} | ||
| Line 78: | Line 79: | ||
| {{s-end}} | {{s-end}} | ||
| {{House of Kotromanić}} | {{House of Kotromanić}} | ||
| ⚫ | {{Use dmy dates|date= |
||
| ] | ] | ||
| Line 87: | Line 87: | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:43, 11 November 2024
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Stephen I, Ban of Bosnia" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Ban of Bosnia
| Stephen I | |
|---|---|
| Ban of Bosnia | |
| Reign | 1287–1314 |
| Predecessor | Prijezda I |
| Successor | Stephen II |
| Born | 1242 Bosnia |
| Died | 1314 Bosnia |
| Burial | Mile, near Visoko |
| Spouse | Elizabeth of Serbia |
| Issue | Vladislaus Ninoslaus Stephen II another son Catherine Mary |
| House | Kotromanić |
| Father | Prijezda I |
| Mother | Elizabeth of Slavonia |
Stephen I Kotromanić (Serbo-Croatian: Стефан I / Stjepan I) (1242–1314) was a Bosnian Ban from 1287 to 1290 jointly with Ban Prijezda II and 1290–1314 alone as a vassal of the Kingdom of Hungary.
Origin
His ancestry is not known precisely. It is believed that he was the son of a German nobleman Gotfrid, founder of the family he belonged to Kelad went to strengthen the Hungarian hold in Bosnia in 1162 or 1163. This German nobleman co-signed the edicts for Bosnia in the Split Church in 1163 with the Hungarian King Stephen IV. Apparently, the Hungarian King Stephen III invited him to place him as a regional ruler in Hungary's name because of his ancestor's successes. Kotroman ruled as a vassal of this King. Mauro Orbini claimed in his work The Kingdom of Slavs that the Ragusan document refers to him as " Cotrumano Goto", i.e. Kotroman the German but it's unclear from where did Orbini make this reference. It has also been speculated that Kotroman might have been a son of Bosnian Ban Prijezda I.
Biography
Before Banate
Since 1287, when his father, Ban Prijezda I withdrew from power, Kotroman ruled jointly as Ban of Bosnia with another son of Prijezda I, Prijezda II. Kotroman separated the country with Prijezda II, and took eastern Bosnia. After the death of Prijezda II, Kotroman became the sole Ban of Bosnia in 1290.
Marriage
In 1284 he married Elizabeth of Serbia, daughter of the King of Syrmia, Stefan Dragutin of the House of Nemanjić, and Queen Catherine, daughter of Hungarian King Stephen V and Elizabeth the Cuman. Dragutin had already controlled two banates in Bosnia: Usora and Soli and Kotroman immediately fell under his influence – many of his acts were at Dragutin's command. The marriage was political and arranged by Ban Prijezda II who had attempted to forge an alliance with Stefan Dragutin.
Hungarian War of Succession
In 1290 Hungarian King Ladislaus IV died leaving no heirs to the throne. The cousin of Ladislaus IV, Andrew III, was crowned King, despite the desire of the sister of the former King Ladislaus IV, Mary of Hungary, Queen of Naples, who wanted her son, Charles Martel as the new King in Hungary. The latter party had much more support, so Pope Nicholas IV had crowned Charles Martel as King of Hungary. This movement was supported by the most powerful Croatian nobility, the Šubićs, Princes of Bribir. As the current head of the family, Paul Šubić was also son-in-law of King Stefan Dragutin, family connections made Kotroman support Charles Martel's crowning. To increase his influence in Kotroman's realm, Charles Martel issued numerous edicts to split the land among the lesser gentry to gain support for his reign. It appears that he gave the reign over Bosnia to the Šubićs. Charles Martel died unexpectedly in 1295, before the campaign to seize the power in Hungary was finished. The Queen of Naples and sister of former King Ladislaus IV, Mary, had then decided to put her grandson, son of Charles Martel, Charles Robert as the future King of Hungary. Pope Boniface VIII declared the twelve-year-old boy as King Charles I of Hungary in 1297. Paul Šubić of Croatia declared himself as "Dominus of Bosnia" in 1299 and gave the title of Bosnian Ban to his brother, Mladen I Šubić. All of Kotroman's land except for the Donji Kraji (Lower Endstransl. Lower Ends – transl. Lower Edges), which was ruled by Prince Hrvatin Stjepanić as a vassal of the Šubićs, was held by the House of Šubić; as was confirmed by Charles I Robert. Paul Šubić wanted to bring King Charles Robert to Split across Croatia to Zagreb, which would become the main station of his campaign against King Andrew III of Hungary. During the preparations for war, Andrew III died unexpectedly. Charles Robert assessed the Hungarian throne, but had to fight numerous opponents to his regime up to 1309.
Internal wars
Stephen Kotroman had resisted the growth of the Šubićs' power in Bosnia, but had lost by 1302 most control over the land to Mladen I Šubić. Although, Kotroman was not defeated as he still had some influence and power in Bosnia. His father-in-law King Stefan Dragutin could not send him aid since a succession-war had erupted in the Serbian Kingdom between him and his brother, the powerful King Stefan Milutin. Additionally, during the problems over the Hungarian crown, Dragutin had attempted to insert his son Vladislav as the new King of Hungary.
Despite the many difficulties, Stephen Kotroman had held out. The war turned into religious conflict, as Mladen I Šubić had started a campaign to exterminate the adherents of the Bosnian Church – the kristjani. This balanced the conflict in Kotroman's favour, as number of kristjani had joined his side because of this. After his death Paul Šubić in 1305 proclaimed himself "lord of All Bosnia".
End of reign
Paul's reign did not last long as he died in 1312. The disappointed Ban Stephen Kotroman died in 1314, before he managed to act.
Issue
Stephen and Elisabeth had six children:
- Vladislaus
- Ninoslaus
- Stephen
- Son
- Catherine, who married Prince Nicholas of Zahumlje in 1338
- Mary
Stephen II was to succeed Kotroman as Bosnian Ban; but had to flee to the Republic of Ragusa to hide from the Šubićs with his brothers and their mother, Elizabeth.
References
- Fine 1994, p. 275-276.
- Ćirković 2004, p. 52.
- Krstić 2016, p. 33–51.
Sources
- Bataković, Dušan T., ed. (2005). Histoire du peuple serbe [History of the Serbian People] (in French). Lausanne: L’Age d’Homme. ISBN 9782825119587.
- Ćirković, Sima (2004). The Serbs. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. ISBN 9781405142915.
- Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526. London & New York: I.B.Tauris. ISBN 9781850439776.
- Fine, John Van Antwerp Jr. (1994) . The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0472082604.
- Jireček, Constantin (1911). Geschichte der Serben. Vol. 1. Gotha: Perthes.
- Krstić, Aleksandar R. (2016). "The Rival and the Vassal of Charles Robert of Anjou: King Vladislav II Nemanjić". Banatica. 26 (2): 33–51.
External links
- Stjepan I Kotroman Ban of Bosnia 1242 - 1316 - The Douglas Archives (in English)
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byPrijezda I | Ban of Bosnia 1287–1299 with Prijezda I (1287-1289) |
Succeeded byPavao I Šubić Bribirski |
| Kotromanić dynasty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Bans of Bosnia (1254–1377) |   | |
| Banesses of Bosnia | ||
| Kings of Bosnia (1377–1463) | ||
| Queens of Bosnia | ||
| Other significant members | ||