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{{Short description|Imageboard online forum on |
{{Short description|Imageboard or online forum on 4chan}} | ||
{{for-multi|the prevalent speech sound in IPA or X-SAMPA|Voiced bilabial plosive|other sounds}} | |||
{{other uses}} | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}} | |||
⚫ | ] | ||
{{Infobox website | |||
⚫ | '''/b/''' |
||
| name = | |||
| logo = B random board 4chan.png | |||
⚫ | /b/ is one of a handful of key online spaces from which the ] group ] originated.<ref>{{Cite book |last= |
||
| logo_size = 300px | |||
| type = ] ] | |||
'']'' described /b/ as "an unfathomable grab-bag of the random, the gross and the downright bizarre".<ref name="Dewey Sept 2014"/> | |||
| language = ] | |||
| owner = ] | |||
| founder = ] | |||
| commercial = Yes | |||
| current_status = Online | |||
| launched = 2003; 21 years ago | |||
}} | |||
⚫ | '''/b/''', also called '''random''',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Schwartz |first=Mattathias |date=2008-08-03 |title=The Trolls Among Us |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/03/magazine/03trolls-t.html |access-date=2023-04-06 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> is an anonymous ] on ]. It was the first board created during the establishment of the platform in 2003, and it then stood for "]/random".<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-07-27|title=Moot x Hiroyuki Social Media Talk Session (ID: 57271090)|url=http://live.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv57271090|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140831182732/http://live.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv57271090|archive-date=2014-08-31|access-date=2021-04-13|website=]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Alfonso III|first=Fernando|date=2021-01-27|title=Now 10 years old, 4chan is the most important site you never visit|work=]|url=https://www.dailydot.com/debug/4chan-10-years-christopher-moot-poole/|access-date=2021-04-13}}</ref> While /b/ permits discussion and posting of any sort of content,<ref>{{Citation|last=Beyer|first=Jessica L.|title=Trolls and Hacktivists: Political Mobilization from Online Communities|date=2021-11-10|url=https://oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197510636.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780197510636-e-47|work=The Oxford Handbook of Sociology and Digital Media|editor-last=Rohlinger|editor-first=Deana A.|publisher=Oxford University Press|language=en|doi=10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197510636.013.47|isbn=978-0-19-751063-6|access-date=2021-12-13|editor2-last=Sobieraj|editor2-first=Sarah}}</ref> the community etiquette is to self-limit discussion on /b/ of those topics that are specialties or the focus of other boards on 4chan. /b/ is one of the most popular imageboards on 4chan, next to ] (politically incorrect). Due to its popularity and notoriety, it overshadows the website with a bad reputation. '']'' described /b/ as "an unfathomable grab-bag of the random, the gross and the downright bizarre".<ref name="Dewey Sept 2014" /> | ||
==Analysis== | ==Analysis== | ||
A 2011 ] analysis examined two weeks of posts to /b/ in summer 2010<ref name=":1">{{Cite web | |
A 2011 ] analysis examined two weeks of posts to /b/ in summer 2010.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last1=Bernstein |first1=MS |last2=Monroy-Hernández |first2=A |last3=Harry |first3=D |last4=André |first4=P |last5=Panovich |first5=K |last6=Vargas |first6=G |date=2011 |title=4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community |url=https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/14134 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220801231632/https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/ICWSM/article/view/14134 |archive-date=2022-08-01 |url-status=live}}</ref> During this time, users made 5.5 million posts on /b/ in 480,000 threads. The median life of a discussion thread was four minutes; the longest in that period was six hours. The analysis found that the community mostly posts playful images and links. The same analysis found that at least 90% of the posts are anonymous, although posters do adopt and discard various claims of identity at will.<ref name="MIT 2011">{{cite web|last1=Monroy-Hernandez|first1=Andres|last2=Harry|first2=Drew|last3=André|first3=Paul|last4=Panovich|first4=Katrina|last5=Vargas|first5=Greg|date=20 July 2011|title=4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community|url=https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/4chan-and-b-an-analysis-of-anonymity-and-ephemerality-in-a-large-online-community/|url-status=live|website=]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190727055636/https://www.media.mit.edu/publications/4chan-and-b-an-analysis-of-anonymity-and-ephemerality-in-a-large-online-community/ |archive-date=2019-07-27 }}</ref><ref name="slate 2011">{{cite web|last1=Agger|first1=Michael|date=28 June 2011|title=4chan /b/: A new academic study of the influential message board.|url=https://slate.com/technology/2011/06/4chan-b-a-new-academic-study-of-the-influential-message-board.html|url-status=live|website=]|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101101626/https://slate.com/technology/2011/06/4chan-b-a-new-academic-study-of-the-influential-message-board.html |archive-date=2018-11-01 }}</ref> | ||
A 2013 article noted that 4chan is a top-ranking website by popularity, especially in the United States, but also globally.<ref name="Dot October 2013">{{cite web |last1=Alfonso III |first1=Fernando |title=The definitive guide to 4chan, one of the worst places on the internet |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/beginners-guide-to-4chan/ |website=The Daily Dot |language=en |date=7 October 2013}}</ref> Within 4chan, /b/ was the most popular and active board as of 2013.<ref name="Dot October 2013"/> | A 2013 article noted that 4chan is a top-ranking website by popularity, especially in the United States, but also globally.<ref name="Dot October 2013">{{cite web |last1=Alfonso III |first1=Fernando |title=The definitive guide to 4chan, one of the worst places on the internet |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/beginners-guide-to-4chan/ |website=The Daily Dot |language=en |date=7 October 2013}}</ref> Within 4chan, /b/ was the most popular and active board as of 2013.<ref name="Dot October 2013"/> | ||
⚫ | /b/ is one of a handful of key online spaces from which the ] group ] originated.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Coleman |first=E. Gabriella |url=http://worldcat.org/oclc/903284590 |title=Hacker, hoaxer, whistleblower, spy : the many faces of Anonymous |date=October 6, 2015 |isbn=978-1-78168-983-7 |oclc=903284590}}</ref> | ||
Mainstream media has regularly reported /b/ as both requiring explanation and defying it.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}} | |||
==Character== | ==Character== | ||
⚫ | {{stack|]}} | ||
/b/ and ] are the most notorious boards on 4chan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tait |first1=Amelia |title=4Chan is the worst place on the internet, but we should defend its right to exist |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/science-tech/internet/2016/10/4chan-worst-place-internet-we-should-defend-its-right-exist |website=www.newstatesman.com |language=en |date=6 October 2016}}</ref> | /b/ and ] are the most notorious boards on 4chan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Tait |first1=Amelia |title=4Chan is the worst place on the internet, but we should defend its right to exist |url=https://www.newstatesman.com/science-tech/internet/2016/10/4chan-worst-place-internet-we-should-defend-its-right-exist |website=www.newstatesman.com |language=en |date=6 October 2016}}</ref> | ||
One of /b/'s defining features is its lack of posting rules. In general, anything that does not go against US law will not be removed. /b/ is consequently one of the |
One of /b/'s defining features is its lack of posting rules. In general, anything that does not go against ] will not be removed. /b/ is consequently one of the few boards on 4chan where users can post grotesque and objectionable material such as gore and hate speech.<ref name="Dewey Sept 2014">{{cite news |last1=Dewey |first1=Caitlin |title=Absolutely everything you need to know to understand 4chan, the Internet's own bogeyman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/09/25/absolutely-everything-you-need-to-know-to-understand-4chan-the-internets-own-bogeyman |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en |date=25 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Rules - 4chan |url=https://www.4chan.org/rules#b/ |website=4chan.org}}</ref> | ||
/b/ is among the boards on 4chan |
/b/ is among the boards on 4chan that have a ] (NSFW) designation.<ref name="gigaom 2013">{{cite web |last1=Hockenson |first1=Lauren |title=4Chan has rules now, apparently |url=https://gigaom.com/2013/09/19/4chan-has-rules-now-apparently/ |website=gigaom.com |date=19 September 2013}}</ref> Consequently, users may post NSFW content on /b/ when the 4chan moderators may restrict such postings on boards without that designation.<ref name="gigaom 2013"/> | ||
The community at /b/ sustains various customs. Users may promise to post photos of acts of self-degradation in an attempt to barter. A 2013 research paper reported that misogyny sustains the culture at /b/.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manivannan |first1=Vyshali |title=FCJ-158 Tits or GTFO: The logics of misogyny on 4chan's Random - /b/ |journal=The Fibreculture Journal |date=2013 |issue=22 |pages=109–132 |url=http://twentytwo.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-158-tits-or-gtfo-the-logics-of-misogyny-on-4chans-random-b/ |issn=1449-1443}}</ref> | The community at /b/ sustains various customs. Users may promise to post photos of acts of self-degradation in an attempt to barter. A 2013 research paper reported that ] sustains the culture at /b/.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Manivannan |first1=Vyshali |title=FCJ-158 Tits or GTFO: The logics of misogyny on 4chan's Random - /b/ |journal=The Fibreculture Journal |date=2013 |issue=22 |pages=109–132 |url=http://twentytwo.fibreculturejournal.org/fcj-158-tits-or-gtfo-the-logics-of-misogyny-on-4chans-random-b/ |issn=1449-1443}}</ref> | ||
Users claim to have insider information on news events |
Users sometimes claim to have insider information on news events,<ref name="Gawker January 2008">{{cite web |last1=Douglas |first1=Nick |title=What The Hell Are 4chan, ED, Something Awful, And /b/ |url=https://gawker.com/346385/what-the-hell-are-4chan-ed-something-awful-and-b |website=Gawker |language=en |date=18 January 2008}}</ref> ask for advice, often on romance and relationships,<ref name="Gawker January 2008"/> or post various images containing puzzles.<ref name="Gawker January 2008"/> | ||
/b/'s history, the absence of any substantial regulation or enforcement of rules and the users' anonymity have all been considered as essential |
/b/'s history, the absence of any substantial regulation or enforcement of rules, and the users' anonymity have all been considered as essential characteristics that have contributed to a culture of ambiguity that serves to confound attempts to assess the ] of that which is posted to the board. One scholar summarized the unique challenges presented by the cultural context of /b/ by observing: {{quote|"It is impossible to truly discern posters' views due to their anonymity and the saturation of 4chan's discourse with self-referential ] and a refusal to accept anything at face-value."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Attaining the Ninth Square: Cybertextuality, Gamification, and Institutional Memory on 4chan {{!}} enculturation |url=https://www.enculturation.net/attaining-the-ninth-square |access-date=2022-08-02 |website=www.enculturation.net}}</ref>}} | ||
=== Memes === | |||
On /b/, many ] are shared regularly among users.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cole |first=Samantha |date=2018-06-12 |title=Researchers Studied 160 Million Memes and Found Most of Them Come From Two Websites |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/zm884j/where-do-memes-come-from-researchers-studied-reddit-4chan |access-date=2024-04-26 |website=Vice |language=en}}</ref> | |||
==Events== | ==Events== | ||
⚫ | In October 2006, a /b/ user was arrested for ] multiple ] stadiums. He was sentenced to six months in prison and a further six months in ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Macroanonymous Is The New Microfamous - Fimoculous.com|url=http://fimoculous.com/archive/post-5738.cfm|access-date=2020-09-07|website=fimoculous.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=June 16, 2008|first=Jane |last=McEntegart |title=Man {{sic|Reci|eves|nolink=y}} 6 Months In Jail and House Arrest For Fake Bomb Threats On 4chan|url=https://www.tomsguide.com/us/Bomb-threat-NFL,news-1678.html|access-date=2020-09-07|website=Tom's Guide|language=en}}</ref> | ||
⚫ | In 2008, /b/ users spread a rumor that ] (at the time) ], ], had suffered a fatal heart attack; the rumor's impact on shareholder's confidence resulted in a drop in Apple's share price by approximately US$10 ({{Inflation|US|10|2008|fmt=eq}}).<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Grigoriadis |first=V |date=August 2014 |title=4chan's Chaos Theory |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/04/4chan-201104 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220708030458/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/04/4chan-201104 |archive-date=2022-07-08 |url-status=live |access-date= |magazine=Vanity Fair}}</ref> | ||
⚫ | In October 2006, a /b/ user was arrested for ] multiple ] stadiums. He was sentenced to six months in prison and further six months in ].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Macroanonymous Is The New Microfamous - Fimoculous.com|url=http://fimoculous.com/archive/post-5738.cfm|access-date=2020-09-07|website=fimoculous.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| |
||
⚫ | In 2008, /b/ users spread a |
||
Through a combination of repeat voting and manipulation of the |
Through a combination of repeat voting and manipulation of the site's servers, /b/ users successfully altered the outcome of ] 2009 "world’s most influential people" poll so that 4chan's founder, ], was represented in the publication as the world's most influential person.<ref name=":1" /> | ||
In January 2012 when the ] took down ], ] retaliated by hacking various websites including that of the Department of Justice and the ].<ref name="Broderick Jan 2012">{{cite web |last1=Broderick |first1=Ryan |title=Last Night's Anonymous Attack As Told By 4chan's /b/ Board |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/last-nights-anonymous-attack-as-told-by-4chan |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en |date=20 January 2012}}</ref> During the attacks /b/ hosted live narration of the event with early information about how to watch various websites go down.<ref name="Broderick Jan 2012" /> | In January 2012, when the ] took down ], ] retaliated by hacking various websites including that of the Department of Justice and the ].<ref name="Broderick Jan 2012">{{cite web |last1=Broderick |first1=Ryan |title=Last Night's Anonymous Attack As Told By 4chan's /b/ Board |url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/ryanhatesthis/last-nights-anonymous-attack-as-told-by-4chan |website=BuzzFeed News |language=en |date=20 January 2012}}</ref> During the attacks, /b/ hosted live narration of the event with early information about how to watch various websites go down.<ref name="Broderick Jan 2012" /> | ||
4chan hosts various live discussion events related to crimes and persuading people to mistakenly and foolishly destroy their iPhones.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alfonso III |first1=Fernando |last2=Bond |first2=John-Michael |title=The 13 most disturbing controversies in 4chan history |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/4chan-controversies/ |website=The Daily Dot |language=en |date=3 October 2012}}</ref> | 4chan hosts various live discussion events related to crimes and persuading people to mistakenly and foolishly destroy their iPhones.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Alfonso III |first1=Fernando |last2=Bond |first2=John-Michael |title=The 13 most disturbing controversies in 4chan history |url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/4chan-controversies/ |website=The Daily Dot |language=en |date=3 October 2012}}</ref> | ||
==Development== | ==Development== | ||
In |
In 2009, /b/ accounted for 30% of ] on 4chan, which had 44 image boards at the time.<ref name=":0" /> | ||
In response to community demand to expel "social posts" on /b/, |
In 2011, in response to community demand to expel "social posts" on /b/, Moot established /soc/, the social board of 4chan.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Otte |first1=Jef |title=4chan's new /soc/ board seems to be making /b/ slightly less cancerous |url=https://www.westword.com/arts/4chans-new-soc-board-seems-to-be-making-b-slightly-less-cancerous-5791790 |website=Westword |date=12 January 2011}}</ref> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | * ] | ||
* ] | |||
* ] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist|1}} | ||
== |
==Bibliography== | ||
*{{cite web|title=Complete History of 4chan|url=http://tanasinn.info/Complete_History_of_4chan|website=tanasinn.info|access-date=2019-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305223522/http://tanasinn.info/Complete_History_of_4chan|archive-date=2017-03-05|url-status=dead}} | *{{cite web|title=Complete History of 4chan|url=http://tanasinn.info/Complete_History_of_4chan|website=tanasinn.info|access-date=2019-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305223522/http://tanasinn.info/Complete_History_of_4chan|archive-date=2017-03-05|url-status=dead}} | ||
*{{cite web |author1=Entraste |title=4chan Chronicle/The Golden Age of /b/ |url=https://en.wikibooks.org/4chan_Chronicle/The_Golden_Age_of_/b/ |website=en.wikibooks.org |date=26 September 2015}} | *{{cite web |author1=Entraste |title=4chan Chronicle/The Golden Age of /b/ |url=https://en.wikibooks.org/4chan_Chronicle/The_Golden_Age_of_/b/ |website=en.wikibooks.org |date=26 September 2015}} | ||
* {{Cite journal | |
* {{Cite journal |last1=Nissenbaum |first1=Asaf |last2=Shifman |first2=Limor |date=9 October 2015 |title=Internet memes as contested cultural capital: The case of 4chan's /b/ board |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1461444815609313 |journal=] |language=en |volume=19 |issue=4 |pages=483–501 |doi=10.1177/1461444815609313 |s2cid=27696765 |issn=1461-4448}} | ||
* {{Cite news |last=Hagen |first=Sal |date=9 June 2021 |title=An overview of 4chan/b/ archives: What is left of the Internet's cesspool? |work=Open Intelligence Lab |url=https://oilab.eu/an-overview-of-4chan-b-archives-what-is-left-of-the-internets-cesspool/ |access-date=24 May 2022}} | * {{Cite news |last=Hagen |first=Sal |date=9 June 2021 |title=An overview of 4chan/b/ archives: What is left of the Internet's cesspool? |work=Open Intelligence Lab |url=https://oilab.eu/an-overview-of-4chan-b-archives-what-is-left-of-the-internets-cesspool/ |access-date=24 May 2022}} | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* {{official |
* {{official website}} | ||
{{DEFAULTSORT:b}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:b}} |
Latest revision as of 03:47, 15 November 2024
Imageboard or online forum on 4chan For the prevalent speech sound in IPA or X-SAMPA, see Voiced bilabial plosive. For other sounds, see /b/ (disambiguation).
Type of site | 4chan imageboard |
---|---|
Available in | English |
Owner | Hiroyuki Nishimura |
Founder(s) | Christopher Poole |
Commercial | Yes |
Launched | 2003; 21 years ago |
Current status | Online |
/b/, also called random, is an anonymous imageboard on 4chan. It was the first board created during the establishment of the platform in 2003, and it then stood for "anime/random". While /b/ permits discussion and posting of any sort of content, the community etiquette is to self-limit discussion on /b/ of those topics that are specialties or the focus of other boards on 4chan. /b/ is one of the most popular imageboards on 4chan, next to /pol/ (politically incorrect). Due to its popularity and notoriety, it overshadows the website with a bad reputation. The Washington Post described /b/ as "an unfathomable grab-bag of the random, the gross and the downright bizarre".
Analysis
A 2011 Massachusetts Institute of Technology analysis examined two weeks of posts to /b/ in summer 2010. During this time, users made 5.5 million posts on /b/ in 480,000 threads. The median life of a discussion thread was four minutes; the longest in that period was six hours. The analysis found that the community mostly posts playful images and links. The same analysis found that at least 90% of the posts are anonymous, although posters do adopt and discard various claims of identity at will.
A 2013 article noted that 4chan is a top-ranking website by popularity, especially in the United States, but also globally. Within 4chan, /b/ was the most popular and active board as of 2013.
/b/ is one of a handful of key online spaces from which the hacktivist group Anonymous originated.
Character
/b/ and /pol/ are the most notorious boards on 4chan.
One of /b/'s defining features is its lack of posting rules. In general, anything that does not go against US law will not be removed. /b/ is consequently one of the few boards on 4chan where users can post grotesque and objectionable material such as gore and hate speech.
/b/ is among the boards on 4chan that have a not safe for work (NSFW) designation. Consequently, users may post NSFW content on /b/ when the 4chan moderators may restrict such postings on boards without that designation.
The community at /b/ sustains various customs. Users may promise to post photos of acts of self-degradation in an attempt to barter. A 2013 research paper reported that misogyny sustains the culture at /b/.
Users sometimes claim to have insider information on news events, ask for advice, often on romance and relationships, or post various images containing puzzles.
/b/'s history, the absence of any substantial regulation or enforcement of rules, and the users' anonymity have all been considered as essential characteristics that have contributed to a culture of ambiguity that serves to confound attempts to assess the verisimilitude of that which is posted to the board. One scholar summarized the unique challenges presented by the cultural context of /b/ by observing:
"It is impossible to truly discern posters' views due to their anonymity and the saturation of 4chan's discourse with self-referential irony and a refusal to accept anything at face-value."
Memes
On /b/, many memes are shared regularly among users.
Events
In October 2006, a /b/ user was arrested for threatening to bomb multiple National Football League stadiums. He was sentenced to six months in prison and a further six months in house arrest.
In 2008, /b/ users spread a rumor that Apple's (at the time) CEO, Steve Jobs, had suffered a fatal heart attack; the rumor's impact on shareholder's confidence resulted in a drop in Apple's share price by approximately US$10 (equivalent to $14 in 2023).
Through a combination of repeat voting and manipulation of the site's servers, /b/ users successfully altered the outcome of Time magazine's 2009 "world’s most influential people" poll so that 4chan's founder, Christopher Poole, was represented in the publication as the world's most influential person.
In January 2012, when the United States Department of Justice took down Megaupload, Anonymous retaliated by hacking various websites including that of the Department of Justice and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. During the attacks, /b/ hosted live narration of the event with early information about how to watch various websites go down.
4chan hosts various live discussion events related to crimes and persuading people to mistakenly and foolishly destroy their iPhones.
Development
In 2009, /b/ accounted for 30% of traffic on 4chan, which had 44 image boards at the time.
In 2011, in response to community demand to expel "social posts" on /b/, Moot established /soc/, the social board of 4chan.
See also
References
- Schwartz, Mattathias (August 3, 2008). "The Trolls Among Us". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 6, 2023.
- "Moot x Hiroyuki Social Media Talk Session (ID: 57271090)". Niconico. July 27, 2011. Archived from the original on August 31, 2014. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- Alfonso III, Fernando (January 27, 2021). "Now 10 years old, 4chan is the most important site you never visit". The Daily Dot. Retrieved April 13, 2021.
- Beyer, Jessica L. (November 10, 2021), Rohlinger, Deana A.; Sobieraj, Sarah (eds.), "Trolls and Hacktivists: Political Mobilization from Online Communities", The Oxford Handbook of Sociology and Digital Media, Oxford University Press, doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780197510636.013.47, ISBN 978-0-19-751063-6, retrieved December 13, 2021
- ^ Dewey, Caitlin (September 25, 2014). "Absolutely everything you need to know to understand 4chan, the Internet's own bogeyman". Washington Post.
- ^ Bernstein, MS; Monroy-Hernández, A; Harry, D; André, P; Panovich, K; Vargas, G (2011). "4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community". Archived from the original on August 1, 2022.
- Monroy-Hernandez, Andres; Harry, Drew; André, Paul; Panovich, Katrina; Vargas, Greg (July 20, 2011). "4chan and /b/: An Analysis of Anonymity and Ephemerality in a Large Online Community". MIT Media Lab. Archived from the original on July 27, 2019.
- Agger, Michael (June 28, 2011). "4chan /b/: A new academic study of the influential message board". Slate Magazine. Archived from the original on November 1, 2018.
- ^ Alfonso III, Fernando (October 7, 2013). "The definitive guide to 4chan, one of the worst places on the internet". The Daily Dot.
- Coleman, E. Gabriella (October 6, 2015). Hacker, hoaxer, whistleblower, spy : the many faces of Anonymous. ISBN 978-1-78168-983-7. OCLC 903284590.
- Tait, Amelia (October 6, 2016). "4Chan is the worst place on the internet, but we should defend its right to exist". www.newstatesman.com.
- "Rules - 4chan". 4chan.org.
- ^ Hockenson, Lauren (September 19, 2013). "4Chan has rules now, apparently". gigaom.com.
- Manivannan, Vyshali (2013). "FCJ-158 Tits or GTFO: The logics of misogyny on 4chan's Random - /b/". The Fibreculture Journal (22): 109–132. ISSN 1449-1443.
- ^ Douglas, Nick (January 18, 2008). "What The Hell Are 4chan, ED, Something Awful, And /b/". Gawker.
- "Attaining the Ninth Square: Cybertextuality, Gamification, and Institutional Memory on 4chan | enculturation". www.enculturation.net. Retrieved August 2, 2022.
- Cole, Samantha (June 12, 2018). "Researchers Studied 160 Million Memes and Found Most of Them Come From Two Websites". Vice. Retrieved April 26, 2024.
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