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| {{Short description|Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991}} | |||
| {{Use British English|date=May 2011}} | {{Use British English|date=May 2011}} | ||
| {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}} | ||
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| | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MC|PC}} | | honorific-suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MC|PC}} | ||
| | title = ] | | title = ] | ||
| | |
| name = The Lord Runcie | ||
| | image = Robert Runcie 1981.jpg | |||
| | alt = | | alt = | ||
| | caption = | | caption = | ||
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| | buried = ] | | buried = ] | ||
| | nationality = British | | nationality = British | ||
| | religion = ] | | religion = ] | ||
| | residence = | | residence = | ||
| | parents = | | parents = | ||
| | spouse = {{marriage|]|5 September 1957}} | | spouse = {{marriage|]|5 September 1957}} | ||
| | children = |
| children = 2, including ] | ||
| | previous_post = ] |
| previous_post = ] (1970–1980) | ||
| | occupation = | | occupation = | ||
| | profession = | | profession = | ||
| | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list | ] | ]}} | | alma_mater = {{unbulleted list | ] | ]}} | ||
| | signature = | | signature = Robert Runcie Signature.svg | ||
| <!----------Sainthood----------> | <!----------Sainthood----------> | ||
| | feast_day = | | feast_day = | ||
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| }} | }} | ||
| '''Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, Baron Runcie''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MC|PC}} (2 October 1921 – 11 July 2000) was an English ] bishop. He was the ] from 1980 to 1991, having previously been ]. He travelled the world widely to spread ] and worked to foster relations with both Protestant and Catholic churches across Europe. |
'''Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, Baron Runcie''', {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|sep=,|MC|PC}} (2 October 1921 – 11 July 2000) was an English ] bishop. He was the ] from 1980 to 1991, having previously been ]. He travelled the world widely to spread ] and worked to foster relations with both Protestant and Catholic churches across Europe. He was a leader of the ] movement. He came under attack for expressing compassion towards bereaved Argentines after the ] of 1982, and generated controversy by supporting ].<ref>John Cannon, ''The Oxford companion to British history'' (2002), p. 826.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=1985-11-22 |title=Archbishop of Canterbury's letter to Cardinal Willebrands on ordination to the priesthood |url=https://iarccum.org/doc/?d=765 |access-date=2023-06-03 |website=IARCCUM.org |language=en-GB}}</ref> | ||
| Biographer ] argues that Runcie was not a distinguished writer or thinker, but was a good administrator who made shrewd appointments, demanded quality, and recognised good performances.<ref>Adrian Hastings, ''Robert Runcie'' (Continuum, 1991).</ref> | Biographer ] argues that Runcie was not a distinguished writer or thinker, but was a good administrator who made shrewd appointments, demanded quality, and recognised good performances.<ref>Adrian Hastings, ''Robert Runcie'' (Continuum, 1991).</ref> | ||
| ==Early life== | ==Early life== | ||
| Runcie was born on 2 October 1921 in ], ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anglicansonline.org/archive/news/articles/2000/000713a.html |title=Robert Runcie, obituary}}</ref> and spent his early life in ], ], to middle-class and rather non-religious parents. He initially attended ] (where he was confirmed in 1936), before switching to the ] ]'s Church about a mile down the road. He was educated at ], before going |
Runcie was born on 2 October 1921 in ], ],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://anglicansonline.org/archive/news/articles/2000/000713a.html |title=Robert Runcie, obituary}}</ref> and spent his early life in ], ], to middle-class and rather non-religious parents. He initially attended ] (where he was confirmed in 1936), before switching to the ] ]'s Church about a mile down the road. He was educated at ], before going to ]. | ||
| During the ] he was ] as a ] into the ] on 21 November 1942, and was given the service number 251985.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35830 |page=5552 |date=18 December 1942 |supp=y}}</ref> He served with the regiment's 3rd (Tank) Battalion, then part of the ], as a ], landing in Normandy with his unit as part of ] in July 1944, a few weeks after the ] on 6 June, and fought with the battalion throughout the entire ] until ] (VE Day) in May 1945. Towards the end of the war, he earned the ] (MC) for two feats of bravery in March 1945:<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37112 |page=2878 |date=5 June 1945 |supp=y}}</ref> he rescued one of his men from a crippled tank under heavy enemy fire, and the next day took his own tank into an exceptionally exposed position in order to knock out three ]s. As a result, he is unique among modern |
During the ] he was ] as a ] into the ] on 21 November 1942, and was given the service number 251985.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=35830 |page=5552 |date=18 December 1942 |supp=y}}</ref> He served with the regiment's 3rd (Tank) Battalion, then part of the ], as a ], landing in Normandy with his unit as part of ] in July 1944, a few weeks after the ] on 6 June, and fought with the battalion throughout the entire ] until ] (VE Day) in May 1945. Towards the end of the war, he earned the ] (MC) for two feats of bravery in March 1945:<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=37112 |page=2878 |date=5 June 1945 |supp=y}}</ref> he rescued one of his men from a crippled tank under heavy enemy fire, and the next day took his own tank into an exceptionally exposed position in order to knock out three ]s. As a result, he is unique among modern archbishops of Canterbury in having fought for his country. In May 1945, he was among the first British soldiers to enter the ]. | ||
| After the surrender of ], Runcie served with the occupying forces in ] and then with the boundary commission dealing with the future status of the ]. | After the surrender of ], Runcie served with the occupying forces in ] and then with the boundary commission dealing with the future status of the ]. | ||
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| ==Ordained ministry== | ==Ordained ministry== | ||
| Runcie studied for ] at ], where he received a diploma rather than a second ] in ]. He was made deacon in ] 1950<ref>{{Church Times |title=Advent ordinations |archive=1950_12_29_948 |issue=4586 |date=29 December 1950 |page=948 |accessed=10 October 2019}}</ref> and ordained priest the following Advent, both times by ], ], at ],<ref>{{Church Times |title=Advent ordinations |archive=1952_01_04_012 |issue=4639 |date=4 January 1952 |page=12 |accessed=10 October 2019}}</ref> to serve as a ] in the parish of All Saints in the wealthy ] suburb of ], then a rapidly growing suburban area. Rather than the conventional minimum three-year curacy, after two years Runcie was invited to return to Westcott House as chaplain and, later, vice-principal.{{sfn|Hastings|1991|p=17}} In 1956 he was elected fellow and dean of ],{{sfn|Hastings|1991|p=17}} where he would meet his future wife, Rosalind, the daughter of the college bursar. | Runcie studied for ] at ], where he received a diploma rather than a second ] in ]. He was made deacon in ] 1950<ref>{{Church Times |title=Advent ordinations |archive=1950_12_29_948 |issue=4586 |date=29 December 1950 |page=948 |accessed=10 October 2019}}</ref> and ordained priest the following Advent, both times by ], ], at ],<ref>{{Church Times |title=Advent ordinations |archive=1952_01_04_012 |issue=4639 |date=4 January 1952 |page=12 |accessed=10 October 2019}}</ref> to serve as a ] in the parish of All Saints in the wealthy ] suburb of ], then a rapidly growing suburban area. Rather than the conventional minimum three-year curacy, after two years Runcie was invited to return to Westcott House as chaplain and, later, vice-principal.{{sfn|Hastings|1991|p=17}} In 1956 he was elected fellow and dean of ],{{sfn|Hastings|1991|p=17}} where he would meet his future wife, ], the daughter of the college bursar. | ||
| In 1960, he returned to the world of the theological college, becoming principal of ], near Oxford, and vicar of the local parish church (]). He spent 10 years and transformed what had been a rather monastic and traditionally ] institution into a stronghold of the ] tradition of the Church of England. In this period, his name became more and more strongly spoken of as a future bishop, and speculation was confirmed when he was appointed ] in 1970. He was duly consecrated a bishop on 24 February 1970 by ], the then ], at ].<ref>{{Church Times |title=picture caption |archive=1970_02_27_001 |issue=5585 |date=27 February 1970 |page=1 |accessed=10 October 2019}}</ref> | In 1960, he returned to the world of the theological college, becoming principal of ], near Oxford, and vicar of the local parish church (]). He spent 10 years there and transformed what had been a rather monastic and traditionally ] institution into a stronghold of the ] tradition of the Church of England. In this period, his name became more and more strongly spoken of as a future bishop, and speculation was confirmed when he was appointed ] in 1970. He was duly consecrated a bishop on 24 February 1970 by ], the then ], at ].<ref>{{Church Times |title=picture caption |archive=1970_02_27_001 |issue=5585 |date=27 February 1970 |page=1 |accessed=10 October 2019}}</ref> | ||
| Like Gosforth in the 1950s, the ] was a booming suburban area, popular with families moving out of a depopulating London. As well as diocesan work, he worked with ] as chairman of the Central Religious Advisory Committee, and was appointed chairman of the joint Anglican–] Commission. | Like Gosforth in the 1950s, the ] was a booming suburban area, popular with families moving out of a depopulating London. As well as diocesan work, he worked with ] as chairman of the Central Religious Advisory Committee, and was appointed chairman of the joint Anglican–] Commission. | ||
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| Runcie was selected as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1979, as ] approached his retirement from the see.{{sfn|Mantle|1991|p=112}} There is evidence that Runcie was the second choice of the ], the first choice, ], having proven politically unacceptable to the then newly elected Conservative government. He was installed as archbishop on 25 March 1980.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thatcher Wanted Church to Relent on Budget Day Clash |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12017972 |access-date=6 September 2015 |work=BBC News |date=30 December 2010}}</ref> | Runcie was selected as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1979, as ] approached his retirement from the see.{{sfn|Mantle|1991|p=112}} There is evidence that Runcie was the second choice of the ], the first choice, ], having proven politically unacceptable to the then newly elected Conservative government. He was installed as archbishop on 25 March 1980.<ref>{{cite news |title=Thatcher Wanted Church to Relent on Budget Day Clash |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-12017972 |access-date=6 September 2015 |work=BBC News |date=30 December 2010}}</ref> | ||
| During his time as Archbishop of Canterbury he witnessed a breaking down of traditionally convivial relations between the Church of England – which had often been described as "the Tory party at prayer" – and the ]. The breakdown was due mainly to the church's pronouncements on political matters and ]'s support for the ethos of individualism and wealth creation as well as her claim that "there is no such thing as society", which some Anglicans thought was uncaring and anti-Christian.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} | During his time as Archbishop of Canterbury he witnessed a breaking down of traditionally convivial relations between the Church of England – which had often been described as "the Tory party at prayer" – and the ]. The breakdown was due mainly to the church's pronouncements on political matters and ]'s support for the ethos of individualism and wealth creation as well as her words in 1987 which were misquoted as a claim that "there is no such thing as society" (although her exact words, from a magazine interview, were "who is 'society'? There is no such thing!"<ref>{{cite web|title=Interview for ''Woman's Own'' ('no such thing as society') with journalist Douglas Keay|date=23 September 1987|url=http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106689|publisher=Margaret Thatcher Foundation|access-date=10 April 2007|archive-date=27 April 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060427052051/http://www.margaretthatcher.org/speeches/displaydocument.asp?docid=106689|url-status=live}}</ref>), which some Anglicans thought was uncaring and anti-Christian.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} | ||
| In 1981, Runcie officiated at the marriage of ], to Lady ] |
In 1981, Runcie officiated at the marriage of ], to Lady ]. | ||
| Runcie attempted to give a |
Runcie attempted to give a service at ] in Liverpool on 11 March 1982, but was heckled by people upset about the ]. They shouted that Runcie was a traitor, a liar and was a traitor to the Church of England. After interruptions of the service, Runcie asked the congregation to heed chapter five of St Matthew's Gospel (the Sermon on the Mount), telling them "For they are the words of Jesus himself". The crowd replied: "You had better read your Bible yourself. You are a traitor and a Judas." Outside, demonstrators held placards with the inscriptions "Rome Rules Runcie", "Our Faith Our Bible", "Revive Reformation", "Calvary not Popery" and "Jesus What More". Afterwards, Runcie said: "I am trying my best to find forgiveness for them, but it is very upsetting."<ref>{{cite news|title=Runcie abandons service amid jeers|date=12 March 1982|work=The Times|page=1|location=London}}</ref> Cardinal ] called the demonstration "particularly abhorrent and a scandal".<ref>''The Times''. 15 March 1982. p. 2.</ref> | ||
| On 17 March 1982, Runcie gave a speech to the National Society for the Promotion of |
On 17 March 1982, Runcie gave a speech to the ] in which he said that Christianity should play a crucial part in the religious education of all pupils, even if they were non-Christian: "While recognising that a truly pluralistic society should not merely tolerate diversity but value and nurture it, I must also express the fear that at times we seem tempted to sacrifice too much of our native Christian tradition on the altar of multi-culturalism."<ref>{{cite news|title=Runcie attacks changes in school religion|last=Geddes|first=Diana|date=18 March 1982|work=The Times|page=3|location=London}}</ref> | ||
| In a gesture of goodwill, he knelt in prayer with ] in ] during John Paul's visit to the ] in 1982. | In a gesture of goodwill, he knelt in prayer with ] in ] during John Paul's visit to the ] in 1982. | ||
| On 18 April 1982, Runcie said in an interview with ] that he hoped the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church would be unified by 2000: "I dream of unity with Rome, and with the great Reform tradition and with the Orthodox, by the end of the century, but we will have to get a move on, certainly, if that is our target. I don't see why we should not have that target." Runcie said of the office of Pope: "There is advantage in having a central focus of affection, even a central spokesman to articulate what the churches in different parts of the world are thinking. I think Anglicans recognise that there is value in that sort of concept". He also played down the Queen's role as Supreme Governor of the Church of England: | On 18 April 1982, Runcie said in an interview with ] that he hoped the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church would be unified by 2000: "I dream of unity with Rome, and with the great Reform tradition and with the Orthodox, by the end of the century, but we will have to get a move on, certainly, if that is our target. I don't see why we should not have that target." Runcie said of the office of Pope: "There is advantage in having a central focus of affection, even a central spokesman to articulate what the churches in different parts of the world are thinking. I think Anglicans recognise that there is value in that sort of concept". He also played down the Queen's role as Supreme Governor of the Church of England: | ||
| {{ |
{{blockquote|Our entanglement with Crown and Parliament is not very considerable now. The Queen's position in the life of our church is very much a symbolic position. She is, as it were, a chief lay person in our church rather than somebody who has a decisive voice in all our appointments.<ref>''The Times''. 19 April 1982. p. 10.</ref>}} | ||
| In 1985, there was friction between the Church of England and members of the Conservative government, in particular ], over a church report, '']'', which criticised the government's handling of social problems in British inner-city areas. Tebbit became a strong supporter of the ] of the Church of England, claiming that institutions affiliated to the British state should not express what he saw as overtly partisan political views. | In 1985, there was friction between the Church of England and members of the Conservative government, in particular ], over a church report, '']'', which criticised the government's handling of social problems in British inner-city areas. Tebbit became a strong supporter of the ] of the Church of England, claiming that institutions affiliated to the British state should not express what he saw as overtly partisan political views.{{citation needed|date=February 2022}} | ||
| Much of the middle period of Runcie's archiepiscopate was taken up with the tribulations of two men who had been close to him: the suicide of ] and the kidnapping of ]. | Much of the middle period of Runcie's archiepiscopate was taken up with the tribulations of two men who had been close to him: the suicide of ] and the kidnapping of ]. | ||
| When Runcie visited Pope John Paul II in 1989, he set out to reconcile the Church of England with the ]. Runcie advocated the |
When Runcie visited Pope John Paul II in 1989, he set out to reconcile the Church of England with the ]. Runcie advocated the papacy as having a "primacy of honour" rather than "primacy of jurisdiction" over the Anglican churches, a proposal consistent with the report of the ]. The Pope did not go along with this, however, claiming that the papacy already has primacy of jurisdiction over all other churches regardless of whether or not this is officially recognised and also that the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church would not change to accommodate Runcie's proposals.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} | ||
| In internal Anglican matters, much of Runcie's time as archbishop was taken up with the debate over whether to proceed with the ] in the Church of England as well as the fallout from the ordination of women as priests and bishops in other parts of the Anglican Communion. Runcie's position on the matter had been described as "nailing his colours firmly to the fence"{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} – his liberal theology conflicting with his instinctive conservatism. | In internal Anglican matters, much of Runcie's time as archbishop was taken up with the debate over whether to proceed with the ] in the Church of England as well as the fallout from the ordination of women as priests and bishops in other parts of the Anglican Communion. Runcie's position on the matter had been described as "nailing his colours firmly to the fence"{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} – his liberal theology conflicting with his instinctive conservatism. | ||
| The church's attitude to ] was also a divisive issue during this period, although it did not assume the crisis proportions it would in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In public Runcie stuck to official Church of England policy as set out in the publication '']'', that homosexual practice was not ideal for lay people and unacceptable for clergy. | The church's attitude to ] was also a divisive issue during this period, although it did not assume the crisis proportions it would in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In public Runcie stuck to official Church of England policy, as set out in the publication '']'', that homosexual practice was not ideal for lay people and unacceptable for clergy. | ||
| == Retirement and death == | == Retirement and death == | ||
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| ==Family== | ==Family== | ||
| Runcie's wife, ], whom he married on 5 September 1957, was well |
Runcie's wife, ], whom he married on 5 September 1957, was well-known as a pianist. They had two children: ], a novelist, and Rebecca Runcie. Rosalind Runcie died on 12 January 2012. | ||
| == Quotations == | |||
| In the postscript of ]'s biography:{{sfn|Carpenter|1996}} | |||
| {{quote|I have done my best to die before this book is published. It now seems possible that I may not succeed.}} | |||
| ==Arms== | ==Arms== | ||
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| |escutcheon = Argent on a Fess Sable between three Roses Gules barbed and seeded proper as many Crosses Patonce also Argent | |escutcheon = Argent on a Fess Sable between three Roses Gules barbed and seeded proper as many Crosses Patonce also Argent | ||
| |coronet = Coronet of a Baron | |coronet = Coronet of a Baron | ||
| |crest = A Horse statant Argent crined maned unguled and the tail Sable gorged with a Chaplet of Roses Gules barbed and seeded proper resting the dexter foreleg upon a Millrind Gold<ref> |
|crest = A Horse statant Argent crined maned unguled and the tail Sable gorged with a Chaplet of Roses Gules barbed and seeded proper resting the dexter foreleg upon a Millrind Gold<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cracroftspeerage.co.uk/lp1958%20r.htm |title=Life Peerages - R |website=Cracroft's Peerage}}</ref>}} | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
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| ===Works cited=== | ===Works cited=== | ||
| {{refbegin |
{{refbegin|indent=yes}} | ||
| * {{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Humphrey |author-link=Humphrey Carpenter |title=Robert Runcie: The Reluctant Archbishop |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-340-57107-1 }} | * {{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Humphrey |author-link=Humphrey Carpenter |title=Robert Runcie: The Reluctant Archbishop |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton |location=London |year=1996 |isbn=978-0-340-57107-1 }} | ||
| * {{cite book |last = Hastings |first = Adrian |author-link = Adrian Hastings |title = Robert Runcie |publisher = Mowbray |location = London |year = 1991 |isbn = 978-0-264-67209-0 }} | * {{cite book |last = Hastings |first = Adrian |author-link = Adrian Hastings |title = Robert Runcie |publisher = Mowbray |location = London |year = 1991 |isbn = 978-0-264-67209-0 }} | ||
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| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| {{commonscat}} | |||
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| * {{NPG name}} | * {{NPG name}} | ||
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Latest revision as of 12:10, 18 November 2024
Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991
| The Most Reverend and Right Honourable The Lord Runcie MC PC | |
|---|---|
| Archbishop of Canterbury | |
 | |
| Church | Church of England |
| Province | Canterbury |
| Diocese | Canterbury |
| Installed | 25 March 1980 |
| Term ended | 31 January 1991 |
| Predecessor | Donald Coggan |
| Successor | George Carey |
| Other post(s) | Primate of All England |
| Previous post(s) | Bishop of St Albans (1970–1980) |
| Orders | |
| Ordination | 24 December 1950 (deacon) December 1951 (priest) by Noel Hudson |
| Consecration | 24 February 1970 by Michael Ramsey |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie (1921-10-02)2 October 1921 Birkenhead, England |
| Died | 11 July 2000(2000-07-11) (aged 78) St Albans, Hertfordshire, England |
| Buried | St Albans Cathedral |
| Nationality | British |
| Denomination | Anglican |
| Spouse |
Rosalind Turner (m. 1957) |
| Children | 2, including James Runcie |
| Alma mater | |
| Signature |  |
Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie, Baron Runcie, MC, PC (2 October 1921 – 11 July 2000) was an English Anglican bishop. He was the Archbishop of Canterbury from 1980 to 1991, having previously been Bishop of St Albans. He travelled the world widely to spread ecumenicism and worked to foster relations with both Protestant and Catholic churches across Europe. He was a leader of the Liberal Anglo-Catholicism movement. He came under attack for expressing compassion towards bereaved Argentines after the Falklands War of 1982, and generated controversy by supporting women's ordination.
Biographer Adrian Hastings argues that Runcie was not a distinguished writer or thinker, but was a good administrator who made shrewd appointments, demanded quality, and recognised good performances.
Early life
Runcie was born on 2 October 1921 in Birkenhead, Cheshire, and spent his early life in Great Crosby, Lancashire, to middle-class and rather non-religious parents. He initially attended St Luke's Church, Crosby (where he was confirmed in 1936), before switching to the Anglo-Catholic St Faith's Church about a mile down the road. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' Boys' School, Crosby, before going to Brasenose College, Oxford.
During the Second World War he was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Scots Guards on 21 November 1942, and was given the service number 251985. He served with the regiment's 3rd (Tank) Battalion, then part of the 6th Guards Tank Brigade, as a tank commander, landing in Normandy with his unit as part of Operation Overlord in July 1944, a few weeks after the D-Day landings on 6 June, and fought with the battalion throughout the entire North West Europe Campaign until Victory in Europe Day (VE Day) in May 1945. Towards the end of the war, he earned the Military Cross (MC) for two feats of bravery in March 1945: he rescued one of his men from a crippled tank under heavy enemy fire, and the next day took his own tank into an exceptionally exposed position in order to knock out three anti-tank guns. As a result, he is unique among modern archbishops of Canterbury in having fought for his country. In May 1945, he was among the first British soldiers to enter the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.
After the surrender of Nazi Germany, Runcie served with the occupying forces in Cologne and then with the boundary commission dealing with the future status of the Free Territory of Trieste.
On his return to Oxford, he surprised many by taking first-class honours in Greats. He was a member of both Conservative and socialist societies at Oxford, and through that he had his first dealings with the young Margaret Thatcher (then Margaret Roberts), a relationship which was to prove pivotal during his archiepiscopate.
Ordained ministry
Runcie studied for ordination at Westcott House, Cambridge, where he received a diploma rather than a second bachelor's degree in theology. He was made deacon in Advent 1950 and ordained priest the following Advent, both times by Noel Hudson, Bishop of Newcastle, at Newcastle Cathedral, to serve as a curate in the parish of All Saints in the wealthy Newcastle upon Tyne suburb of Gosforth, then a rapidly growing suburban area. Rather than the conventional minimum three-year curacy, after two years Runcie was invited to return to Westcott House as chaplain and, later, vice-principal. In 1956 he was elected fellow and dean of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he would meet his future wife, Rosalind, the daughter of the college bursar.
In 1960, he returned to the world of the theological college, becoming principal of Cuddesdon College, near Oxford, and vicar of the local parish church (Church of All Saints, Cuddesdon). He spent 10 years there and transformed what had been a rather monastic and traditionally Anglo-Catholic institution into a stronghold of the liberal Catholic tradition of the Church of England. In this period, his name became more and more strongly spoken of as a future bishop, and speculation was confirmed when he was appointed Bishop of St Albans in 1970. He was duly consecrated a bishop on 24 February 1970 by Michael Ramsey, the then Archbishop of Canterbury, at Westminster Abbey.
Like Gosforth in the 1950s, the Diocese of St Albans was a booming suburban area, popular with families moving out of a depopulating London. As well as diocesan work, he worked with broadcasters as chairman of the Central Religious Advisory Committee, and was appointed chairman of the joint Anglican–Orthodox Commission.
Archbishop of Canterbury
Runcie was selected as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1979, as Donald Coggan approached his retirement from the see. There is evidence that Runcie was the second choice of the Crown Appointments Commission, the first choice, Hugh Montefiore, having proven politically unacceptable to the then newly elected Conservative government. He was installed as archbishop on 25 March 1980.
During his time as Archbishop of Canterbury he witnessed a breaking down of traditionally convivial relations between the Church of England – which had often been described as "the Tory party at prayer" – and the Conservative (i.e. Tory) Party. The breakdown was due mainly to the church's pronouncements on political matters and Margaret Thatcher's support for the ethos of individualism and wealth creation as well as her words in 1987 which were misquoted as a claim that "there is no such thing as society" (although her exact words, from a magazine interview, were "who is 'society'? There is no such thing!"), which some Anglicans thought was uncaring and anti-Christian.
In 1981, Runcie officiated at the marriage of Charles, Prince of Wales, to Lady Diana Spencer.
Runcie attempted to give a service at St Nicholas's Parish Church in Liverpool on 11 March 1982, but was heckled by people upset about the Pope's prospective visit to Britain. They shouted that Runcie was a traitor, a liar and was a traitor to the Church of England. After interruptions of the service, Runcie asked the congregation to heed chapter five of St Matthew's Gospel (the Sermon on the Mount), telling them "For they are the words of Jesus himself". The crowd replied: "You had better read your Bible yourself. You are a traitor and a Judas." Outside, demonstrators held placards with the inscriptions "Rome Rules Runcie", "Our Faith Our Bible", "Revive Reformation", "Calvary not Popery" and "Jesus What More". Afterwards, Runcie said: "I am trying my best to find forgiveness for them, but it is very upsetting." Cardinal Basil Hume called the demonstration "particularly abhorrent and a scandal".
On 17 March 1982, Runcie gave a speech to the National Society for the Promotion of Religious Education in which he said that Christianity should play a crucial part in the religious education of all pupils, even if they were non-Christian: "While recognising that a truly pluralistic society should not merely tolerate diversity but value and nurture it, I must also express the fear that at times we seem tempted to sacrifice too much of our native Christian tradition on the altar of multi-culturalism."
In a gesture of goodwill, he knelt in prayer with Pope John Paul II in Canterbury Cathedral during John Paul's visit to the United Kingdom in 1982.
On 18 April 1982, Runcie said in an interview with London Weekend Television that he hoped the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church would be unified by 2000: "I dream of unity with Rome, and with the great Reform tradition and with the Orthodox, by the end of the century, but we will have to get a move on, certainly, if that is our target. I don't see why we should not have that target." Runcie said of the office of Pope: "There is advantage in having a central focus of affection, even a central spokesman to articulate what the churches in different parts of the world are thinking. I think Anglicans recognise that there is value in that sort of concept". He also played down the Queen's role as Supreme Governor of the Church of England:
Our entanglement with Crown and Parliament is not very considerable now. The Queen's position in the life of our church is very much a symbolic position. She is, as it were, a chief lay person in our church rather than somebody who has a decisive voice in all our appointments.
In 1985, there was friction between the Church of England and members of the Conservative government, in particular Norman Tebbit, over a church report, Faith in the City, which criticised the government's handling of social problems in British inner-city areas. Tebbit became a strong supporter of the disestablishment of the Church of England, claiming that institutions affiliated to the British state should not express what he saw as overtly partisan political views.
Much of the middle period of Runcie's archiepiscopate was taken up with the tribulations of two men who had been close to him: the suicide of Gareth Bennett and the kidnapping of Terry Waite.
When Runcie visited Pope John Paul II in 1989, he set out to reconcile the Church of England with the Church of Rome. Runcie advocated the papacy as having a "primacy of honour" rather than "primacy of jurisdiction" over the Anglican churches, a proposal consistent with the report of the Anglican Roman Catholic International Commission. The Pope did not go along with this, however, claiming that the papacy already has primacy of jurisdiction over all other churches regardless of whether or not this is officially recognised and also that the doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church would not change to accommodate Runcie's proposals.
In internal Anglican matters, much of Runcie's time as archbishop was taken up with the debate over whether to proceed with the ordination of women in the Church of England as well as the fallout from the ordination of women as priests and bishops in other parts of the Anglican Communion. Runcie's position on the matter had been described as "nailing his colours firmly to the fence" – his liberal theology conflicting with his instinctive conservatism.
The church's attitude to homosexuality was also a divisive issue during this period, although it did not assume the crisis proportions it would in the late 1990s and early 2000s. In public Runcie stuck to official Church of England policy, as set out in the publication Issues in Human Sexuality, that homosexual practice was not ideal for lay people and unacceptable for clergy.
Retirement and death
Runcie retired as Archbishop of Canterbury effective 31 January 1991. On 1 February, he was created a life peer – gazetted on 7 February as Baron Runcie, of Cuddesdon in the County of Oxfordshire – enabling him to immediately re-enter the House of Lords where he had previously sat as a Lord Spiritual. He died of cancer in St Albans in 2000, and is buried in the grounds of St Albans Cathedral.
Family
Runcie's wife, Rosalind, whom he married on 5 September 1957, was well-known as a pianist. They had two children: James Runcie, a novelist, and Rebecca Runcie. Rosalind Runcie died on 12 January 2012.
Arms
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See also
- Richard Chartres, Bishop of London from 1995 to 2017, who was Runcie's chaplain in the 1970s and 1980s at both St Albans and subsequently Canterbury
References
- John Cannon, The Oxford companion to British history (2002), p. 826.
- "Archbishop of Canterbury's letter to Cardinal Willebrands on ordination to the priesthood". IARCCUM.org. 22 November 1985. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- Adrian Hastings, Robert Runcie (Continuum, 1991).
- "Robert Runcie, obituary".
- "No. 35830". The London Gazette (Supplement). 18 December 1942. p. 5552.
- "No. 37112". The London Gazette (Supplement). 5 June 1945. p. 2878.
- Mantle 1991, p. 20.
- "Advent ordinations". Church Times. No. 4586. 29 December 1950. p. 948. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 10 October 2019 – via UK Press Online archives.
- "Advent ordinations". Church Times. No. 4639. 4 January 1952. p. 12. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 10 October 2019 – via UK Press Online archives.
- ^ Hastings 1991, p. 17.
- "picture caption". Church Times. No. 5585. 27 February 1970. p. 1. ISSN 0009-658X. Retrieved 10 October 2019 – via UK Press Online archives.
- Mantle 1991, p. 112.
- "Thatcher Wanted Church to Relent on Budget Day Clash". BBC News. 30 December 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- "Interview for Woman's Own ('no such thing as society') with journalist Douglas Keay". Margaret Thatcher Foundation. 23 September 1987. Archived from the original on 27 April 2006. Retrieved 10 April 2007.
- "Runcie abandons service amid jeers". The Times. London. 12 March 1982. p. 1.
- The Times. 15 March 1982. p. 2.
- Geddes, Diana (18 March 1982). "Runcie attacks changes in school religion". The Times. London. p. 3.
- The Times. 19 April 1982. p. 10.
- "Runcie Retires at Synod". Catholic Herald. 18 January 1991. Archived from the original on 25 April 2012.
- "No. 52443". The London Gazette. 7 February 1991. p. 1993.
- "Runcie, Robert Alexander Kennedy, Baron Runcie (1921–2000)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/74402. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- "Life Peerages - R". Cracroft's Peerage.
Works cited
- Carpenter, Humphrey (1996). Robert Runcie: The Reluctant Archbishop. London: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 978-0-340-57107-1.
- Hastings, Adrian (1991). Robert Runcie. London: Mowbray. ISBN 978-0-264-67209-0.
- Mantle, Jonathan (1991). Archbishop: The Life and Times of Robert Runcie. London: Sinclair-Stevenson. ISBN 978-1-85619-058-9.
- Platten, Stephen, ed. (2002). Runcie: On Reflection. Norwich, England: Canterbury Press. ISBN 978-1-85311-470-0.
External links
- A Bishop Who Rocked the Boat
- Portraits of Robert Runcie at the National Portrait Gallery, London
- Archbishop Runcie's papers at Lambeth Palace Library
| Church of England titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byMichael Gresford Jones | Bishop of St Albans 1970–1980 |
Succeeded byJohn Taylor |
| Preceded byDonald Coggan | Archbishop of Canterbury 1980–1991 |
Succeeded byGeorge Carey |
| Academic offices | ||
| Preceded byEdward Knapp-Fisher | Principal of Cuddesdon College 1960–1970 |
Succeeded byLeslie Houldenas Principal of Ripon College Cuddesdon |
- 1921 births
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