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| {{Infobox |
{{Infobox Turkey place | ||
| | type = municipality | |||
| <!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --> | |||
| | |
| name = Lüleburgaz | ||
| | |
| other_name = | ||
| | image_skyline |
| image_skyline = {{multiple image|total_width=250px|perrow=1/2/2/2|border=infobox | ||
| | image1 = Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque Luleburgaz.JPG | | image1 = Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque Luleburgaz.JPG | ||
| | alt1 = |
| alt1 = | ||
| | image2 = Lüleburgaz Sokollu Mehmed Pasha bridge 6300.jpg | | image2 = Lüleburgaz Sokollu Mehmed Pasha bridge 6300.jpg | ||
| | alt2 = |
| alt2 = | ||
| | image3 = LüleburgazTrainStation (7).jpg | | image3 = LüleburgazTrainStation (7).jpg | ||
| | alt3 = |
| alt3 = | ||
| | image4 = Luleburgaz Zindan Baba Türbesi 6305.jpg | | image4 = Luleburgaz Zindan Baba Türbesi 6305.jpg | ||
| | alt4 = |
| alt4 = | ||
| | image5 = Lüleburgaz Kongre Meydanı 2300.jpg | | image5 = Lüleburgaz Kongre Meydanı 2300.jpg | ||
| | alt5 = |
| alt5 = | ||
| | image6 = Lüleburgaz 2013 (1).JPG | | image6 = Lüleburgaz 2013 (1).JPG | ||
| | alt6 = |
| alt6 = | ||
| | image7 = Lüleburgaz Ilk Müzesi 6331.jpg | | image7 = Lüleburgaz Ilk Müzesi 6331.jpg | ||
| | alt7 = |
| alt7 = | ||
| }}From top left: ]; Mehmet Pasha Sokolović bridge; ]; Zindan Baba Türbesi; Congress Square; Panaroma of Lüleburgaz; Lüleburgaz museum | |||
| | image_caption = | |||
| | image_shield = Coat of Arms Lüleburgaz.png | |||
| | pushpin_map = Turkey#Europe | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|41|24|20|N|27|21|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | |||
| | subdivision_type = Country | |||
| | subdivision_name = ] | |||
| | subdivision_type1 = ] | |||
| | subdivision_name1 = ] | |||
| | subdivision_type2 = | |||
| | subdivision_name2 = | |||
| | leader_party = ] | |||
| | leader_title = Mayor | |||
| | leader_name = Murat Gerenli (2019–2024) | |||
| | leader_title1 = ] | |||
| | leader_name1 = Salih Yüce | |||
| | elevation_m = 30 | |||
| | area_footnotes = {{Turkey district areas|SOURCE}} | |||
| | area_blank1_title = District | |||
| | area_blank1_km2 = {{Turkey district areas|Kırklareli|Lüleburgaz}} | |||
| | population_footnotes = {{Turkey district populations|SOURCE|Kırklareli}} | |||
| | population_urban = {{Turkey district populations|Kırklareli|Lüleburgaz|şehir}} | |||
| | population_as_of = {{Turkey district populations|YEAR}} | |||
| | population_blank1_title = District | |||
| | population_blank1 = {{Turkey district populations|Kırklareli|Lüleburgaz|toplam}} | |||
| | population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | |||
| | postal_code_type = Postal code | |||
| | postal_code = 39750, 39770, 39780 | |||
| | blank_name = ] | |||
| | blank_info = ] | |||
| | website = {{URL| www.luleburgaz.bel.tr | www.luleburgaz.bel.tr }} | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| | image_caption = From top left: ]; Mehmet Pasha Sokolović bridge; ]; Zindan Baba Türbesi; Congress Square; Panorama of Lüleburgaz; Lüleburgaz museum | |||
| '''Lüleburgaz''' ({{IPA-tr|lyˈlebuɾɡaz|lang}}, ]: Λουλέ Μπουργκάς ''Lule Burgas'', ]: Люлебургаз ''Lyuleburgaz''), '''Bergoulion''' (]: Βεργούλιον) or '''Arcadiopolis''' (Ancient Greek: Αρκαδιόυπολις ''Arkadiópolis'') is the largest city and district of ] in the ] of ]. Located at the ] with Bulgaria within the historic region of ] in ], the city is typically home to ] mainly from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and ex-Yugoslavia, that have immigrated to Turkey from the nineteenth century on. | |||
| | image_shield = | |||
| | coordinates = {{coord|41|24|20|N|27|21|25|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | |||
| Economically, Lüleburgaz is an important centre of manufacturing for pharmaceutical and electronic industries, as well as agriculture. It is also a hub of road and rail transportation, with the city being connected to Istanbul and Edirne through the ] and to Plovdiv, Sofia, Belgrade, Bucharest and Budapest through ] and ]. | |||
| | province = Kırklareli | |||
| | district = Lüleburgaz | |||
| | leader_party = CHP | |||
| | leader_name = Murat Gerenli (2024–2029) | |||
| | area_footnotes = | |||
| | area_total_km2 = | |||
| | elevation_m = 60 | |||
| | population_footnotes = <ref name=tuik/> | |||
| | population_total = 125404 | |||
| | population_as_of = 2022 | |||
| | postal_code = 39750 | |||
| | area_code = 0288 | |||
| | website = {{url|http://www.luleburgaz.bel.tr/}} | |||
| | blank1_name = ] | |||
| | blank1_info = ] | |||
| }} | |||
| '''Lüleburgaz''' ({{IPA|tr|lyˈlebuɾɡaz|lang}}; ]: Λουλέ Μπουργκάς ''Lule Burgas''; ]: Люлебургаз ''Lyuleburgaz''), '''Bergoule''' (]: Βεργούλη) or '''Arcadiopolis''' (Ancient Greek: Ἀρκαδιούπολις ''Arkadiópolis'') is the largest city of ] in the ] of ]. It is the seat of ].<ref name=ilce>, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.</ref> Its population is 125,404 (2022).<ref name=tuik>{{Cite web |title=Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports|url=https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=95&locale=en |access-date=13 March 2023|publisher=]|language=en|format=XLS}}</ref> Located near the ] with Bulgaria and Greece within the historic region of ] in ], the city is home to many ] from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and ex-Yugoslavia who immigrated to Turkey since the 19th century. | |||
| Lüleburgaz is a hub for road and rail transportation, with the city being connected to Istanbul and Edirne by the ] and to Plovdiv, Sofia, Belgrade, Bucharest and Budapest by the ] and the ]. | |||
| The city used to be the capital of the ] of ], established by ] ] in 294. | |||
| Its best known attraction is the 16th-century ], named after the ] ] and designed by the ] chief ] ] who also designed a bridge for the city. | |||
| ==Facts== | |||
| The city has an urban population of 122,635 (2021 census) and is the largest district center in ]. It's known as the "Paris of Thrace" among the locals as it's relatively more developed and well known compared to other surrounding cities which are also administratively part of Kirklareli Province. Lüleburgaz is known for its sixteenth-century ] and ], both named after the ] ] and purportedly designed by the ] chief ] ]. | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ] in the ].]] | ] in the ].]] | ||
| The city used to be the capital of the ] of ], established by the ] ] in 294. | |||
| The ancient name of the city was ]; Emperor ] changed it to Arcadiopolis in honour of his son and successor ]. The city of Arcadiopolis fell to ] during his campaign against the Eastern Roman Empire in 443 AD. | |||
| The city's ancient name was ] but Emperor ] changed it to Arcadiopolis in honour of his son and successor ]. The city of Arcadiopolis fell to ] during his campaign against the Eastern Roman Empire in 443 AD. | |||
| During the revolt of ] against ], the city was the last refuge of Thomas after the defection of his troops in 823. Michael II invested the city and after more than five months of siege, the exhausted and starving troops delivered their leader in exchange for imperial pardon. Thomas was delivered up on a donkey and tortured. | |||
| During the revolt of ] against ], the city was Thomas' last refuge after the defection of his troops in 823. Michael II invested the city and after more than five months of siege, the exhausted and starving troops gave up their leader in exchange for an imperial pardon. Thomas was handed over on a donkey and tortured. | |||
| The ] of 970 saw Byzantine forces defeat an invading ]-]-] force who were aiming to capture ], {{convert|100|mi|0|abbr=off}} to the east. | |||
| The ] of 970 saw the Byzantine forces defeat an invading ]-]-] force who were aiming to capture ], {{convert|100|mi|0|abbr=off}} to the east. | |||
| As the capital of the ] of ] it had its ], who was recorded as attending a number of important church councils and was noted as an ] archbishopric by the seventh century. It is no longer a residential bishopric, although the ] survives as a Roman Catholic ]. ], the founder of the ], was one of its ]s.<ref></ref> | |||
| As the capital of the ] of ], Acradiopolis had its ], who was recorded as attending a number of important church councils; it was noted as an ] archbishopric by the seventh century. It is no longer a residential bishopric, although the ] survives as a Roman Catholic ]. ], the founder of the ], was one of its ]s.<ref></ref> | |||
| The ] was fought between 28 October and 2 November 1912 as part of the ]. The city was occupied by the Greek army between 1920 and 1922, before joining to the Modern Turkish Republic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arslan |first1=Ali |title=Kasabadan kente bir Cumhuriyet yürüyüşü: Lüleburgaz; II. Kitap, Ekonomi ve Siyaset Tarihi |date=2010 |publisher=Görünüm Yayinlari}}</ref> | |||
| Lüleburgaz came under Ottoman control during the early period of the ]'s enlargement to Balkans. | |||
| The ] was fought between 28 October and 2 November 1912 during the ]. The city was occupied by the Greek army between 1920 and 1922, before becoming part of the Modern Turkish Republic.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Arslan |first1=Ali |title=Kasabadan kente bir Cumhuriyet yürüyüşü: Lüleburgaz; II. Kitap, Ekonomi ve Siyaset Tarihi |date=2010 |publisher=Görünüm Yayinlari}}</ref> | |||
| ==Climate== | |||
| Lüleburgaz experiences a ] (]: ''Csa''),<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria. |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-023-02549-6/tables/1 |journal=Nature: Scientific Data |language=en}}</ref> with hot, dry summers, and chilly, rainy, somewhat snowy winters.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kar Örtülü Gün Sayısı |url=https://www.mgm.gov.tr/FILES/resmi-istatistikler/parametreAnalizi/2022-ortalama-kar-ortulu.pdf |website=MGM}}</ref>{{Weather box | |||
| | width = auto | |||
| | collapsed = yes | |||
| | metric first = yes | |||
| | single line = yes | |||
| | location = Lüleburgaz (1991–2020) | |||
| | Jan high C = 8.5 | |||
| | Feb high C = 10.6 | |||
| | Mar high C = 14.1 | |||
| | Apr high C = 19.6 | |||
| | May high C = 25.4 | |||
| | Jun high C = 30.3 | |||
| | Jul high C = 32.8 | |||
| | Aug high C = 33.0 | |||
| | Sep high C = 28.1 | |||
| | Oct high C = 21.8 | |||
| | Nov high C = 15.4 | |||
| | Dec high C = 9.9 | |||
| | year high C = 20.8 | |||
| | Jan mean C = 3.6 | |||
| | Feb mean C = 5.0 | |||
| | Mar mean C = 7.8 | |||
| | Apr mean C = 12.2 | |||
| | May mean C = 17.5 | |||
| | Jun mean C = 22.2 | |||
| | Jul mean C = 24.5 | |||
| | Aug mean C = 24.5 | |||
| | Sep mean C = 20.0 | |||
| | Oct mean C = 14.8 | |||
| | Nov mean C = 9.5 | |||
| | Dec mean C = 5.1 | |||
| | year mean C = 14.0 | |||
| | Jan low C = -0.3 | |||
| | Feb low C = 0.4 | |||
| | Mar low C = 2.4 | |||
| | Apr low C = 5.5 | |||
| | May low C = 10.0 | |||
| | Jun low C = 14.1 | |||
| | Jul low C = 15.9 | |||
| | Aug low C = 16.0 | |||
| | Sep low C = 12.4 | |||
| | Oct low C = 8.7 | |||
| | Nov low C = 4.5 | |||
| | Dec low C = 1.1 | |||
| | year low C = 7.6 | |||
| | precipitation colour = green | |||
| | Jan precipitation mm = 54.98 | |||
| | Feb precipitation mm = 55.25 | |||
| | Mar precipitation mm = 55.89 | |||
| | Apr precipitation mm = 39.76 | |||
| | May precipitation mm = 46.71 | |||
| | Jun precipitation mm = 44.19 | |||
| | Jul precipitation mm = 33.94 | |||
| | Aug precipitation mm = 12.21 | |||
| | Sep precipitation mm = 36.09 | |||
| | Oct precipitation mm = 65.62 | |||
| | Nov precipitation mm = 55.69 | |||
| | Dec precipitation mm = 73.18 | |||
| | year precipitation mm = 573.51 | |||
| | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | |||
| | Jan precipitation days = 7.0 | |||
| | Feb precipitation days = 6.0 | |||
| | Mar precipitation days = 6.7 | |||
| | Apr precipitation days = 5.8 | |||
| | May precipitation days = 6.1 | |||
| | Jun precipitation days = 5.3 | |||
| | Jul precipitation days = 3.4 | |||
| | Aug precipitation days = 2.5 | |||
| | Sep precipitation days = 4.1 | |||
| | Oct precipitation days = 5.1 | |||
| | Nov precipitation days = 5.6 | |||
| | Dec precipitation days = 7.4 | |||
| | year precipitation days = 65.0 | |||
| | Jan humidity = 79.7 | |||
| | Feb humidity = 76.1 | |||
| | Mar humidity = 73.3 | |||
| | Apr humidity = 69.2 | |||
| | May humidity = 66.1 | |||
| | Jun humidity = 62.6 | |||
| | Jul humidity = 59.6 | |||
| | Aug humidity = 59.0 | |||
| | Sep humidity = 63.7 | |||
| | Oct humidity = 71.4 | |||
| | Nov humidity = 77.3 | |||
| | Dec humidity = 80.0 | |||
| | year humidity = 69.6 | |||
| | source = ]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web | |||
| |url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Turkiye/CSV/LuleburgazTigem_17631.csv | |||
| |title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Lüleburgaz | |||
| |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | |||
| |access-date = January 16, 2024}}</ref> | |||
| }} | |||
| ==Economy== | ==Economy== | ||
| Line 76: | Line 161: | ||
| === Pharmaceutical industry === | === Pharmaceutical industry === | ||
| Pharmaceutical companies such as ], ] and Zentiva |
Pharmaceutical companies such as ], ] and Zentiva have their main manufacturers within the urban area of Lüleburgaz. | ||
| === Agriculture === | === Agriculture === | ||
| Crops widely grown around Lüleburgaz include wheat, corn and sunflowers, with the latter being one of the symbols of the city. ], with its headquarters in the city, is one of Turkey's main ] producers. | |||
| === Glass production === | === Glass production === | ||
| ], Turkey's leading glass producer, has a factory in Lüleburgaz, as does its East Thracian division ] (''] Glass''). | |||
| ==Sport== | ==Sport== | ||
| Founded in 2007, the ] club, ], played in the Turkish Women's First Football League after promotion from the Second League. In 2011 the team changed its name to ] and its colours from yellow-black to red-green. The club ended its participation in the league in the 2013-14 season.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://gorunumgazetesi.com.tr/haberler/bu-goruntu-mazide-kaldi.html |newspaper=Görünüm Gazetesi |title=Bu görüntü mazide kaldı |date=2013-08-24 |language=Turkish |accessdate=2013-12-06 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211120607/http://gorunumgazetesi.com.tr/haberler/bu-goruntu-mazide-kaldi.html |archivedate=2013-12-11 }}</ref> | |||
| ==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
| The city and the Battle of |
The city and the Battle of Lüleburgas feature in ]'s '']'', the final chapter of '']'', published in 1927. | ||
| The festival of ] is historically celebrated in the city in the month of January.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mandıra'da 'korkunç' gece |url=http://gorunumgazetesi.com.tr/haber/83222/mandirada-korkunc-gece.html |website=Görünüm Gazetesi |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111164934/http://gorunumgazetesi.com.tr/haber/83222/mandirada-korkunc-gece.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | The festival of ] is historically celebrated in the city in the month of January.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mandıra'da 'korkunç' gece |url=http://gorunumgazetesi.com.tr/haber/83222/mandirada-korkunc-gece.html |website=Görünüm Gazetesi |access-date=11 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111164934/http://gorunumgazetesi.com.tr/haber/83222/mandirada-korkunc-gece.html |archive-date=11 January 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
| == |
==Media companies== | ||
| The city of Lüleburgaz is home to several local media agencies |
The city of Lüleburgaz is home to several local media agencies including the centre-left Lüleburgaz Görünüm Gazetesi and Lüleburgaz Haber. | ||
| ==Politics== | ==Politics== | ||
| Lüleburgaz is one of the most pro-European cities of Turkey; mayoral candidates advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections. | |||
| Historically, the centre-left, secular and pro-European ] (CHP) has dominated city politics. In the ], 72.89% of the population of Lüleburgaz voted "no".<ref>{{cite web |title=2017 Turkiye Geneli Referandum Sonuclari |url=http://referandum.ntv.com.tr/#kirklareli |website=NTV |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> In the ] the most popular party was the CHP which received 51.38% of the vote. The ] ] received 64.80% of the votes in the city.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kirklareli 24 Haziran (2018) Secim Sonuclari ve Kazanan Milletvekilleri |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/secim2018/sonuclari/kirklareli/ |publisher=Sozcu |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> In the ] the most popular candidate was Murat Gerenli of the CHP which received 66.55% of the vote.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kirklareli Luleburgaz Secim Sonuclari: 31 Mart 2019 |url=https://www.sozcu.com.tr/secim2019/kirklareli/luleburgaz |website=Sozcu |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> | |||
| ==Famous residents== | ==Famous residents== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| * ], Turkish footballer | * ], Turkish footballer | ||
| * ], Turkish singer-songwriter of Kosovar-Macedonian descent that represented Turkey in the ], recipient of the ] for her contributions to ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Candan Erçetin Lüleburgaz'daki Sanat Akademisi'ni inceledi: "Lüleburgaz çok önemli bir cazibe merkezi olabilir" |url=https://www.mahalligundem.com/candan-ercetin-luleburgaz-daki-sanat-akademisi-ni-inceledi/48995/ |website=Mahalli Gündem |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> | * ], Turkish singer-songwriter of Kosovar-Macedonian descent that represented Turkey in the ], recipient of the '']'' for her contributions to ]<ref>{{cite web |title=Candan Erçetin Lüleburgaz'daki Sanat Akademisi'ni inceledi: "Lüleburgaz çok önemli bir cazibe merkezi olabilir" |url=https://www.mahalligundem.com/candan-ercetin-luleburgaz-daki-sanat-akademisi-ni-inceledi/48995/ |website=Mahalli Gündem |access-date=31 January 2022}}</ref> | ||
| ==Twin towns – sister cities== | ==Twin towns – sister cities== | ||
| Lüleburgaz is ] with: | Lüleburgaz is ] with: | ||
| *{{flagicon|BUL}} ] | * {{flagicon|BUL}} ] | ||
| *{{flagicon|BUL}} ] | * {{flagicon|BUL}} ] | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | * ] | ||
| *] | * ] | ||
| *] | * ] | ||
| *] | * ] | ||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 118: | Line 205: | ||
| ==Bibliography== | ==Bibliography== | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * founded by ] | * founded by ] | ||
| ==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| Line 125: | Line 212: | ||
| * | * | ||
| {{Lüleburgaz District}} | |||
| {{Districts of Turkey|provname=Kırklareli|image=Kirklareli|sortkey=Luleburgaz|}} | |||
| {{Authority control}} | {{Authority control}} | ||
| {{DEFAULTSORT:Luleburgaz}} | {{DEFAULTSORT:Luleburgaz}} | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| ] | |||
Latest revision as of 15:08, 19 November 2024
Municipality in Kırklareli, Turkey| Lüleburgaz | |
|---|---|
| Municipality | |
  .jpg)   .JPG)  From top left: Mehmet Pasha Sokolović Mosque; Mehmet Pasha Sokolović bridge; Lüleburgaz railway station; Zindan Baba Türbesi; Congress Square; Panorama of Lüleburgaz; Lüleburgaz museum | |
  LüleburgazLocation in TurkeyShow map of Turkey LüleburgazLüleburgaz (Marmara)Show map of Marmara | |
| Coordinates: 41°24′20″N 27°21′25″E / 41.40556°N 27.35694°E / 41.40556; 27.35694 | |
| Country | Turkey |
| Province | Kırklareli |
| District | Lüleburgaz |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Murat Gerenli (2024–2029) (CHP) |
| Elevation | 60 m (200 ft) |
| Population | 125,404 |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (TRT) |
| Postal code | 39750 |
| Area code | 0288 |
| Climate | Csa |
| Website | www |
Lüleburgaz (Turkish: [lyˈlebuɾɡaz]; Modern Greek: Λουλέ Μπουργκάς Lule Burgas; Bulgarian: Люлебургаз Lyuleburgaz), Bergoule (Ancient Greek: Βεργούλη) or Arcadiopolis (Ancient Greek: Ἀρκαδιούπολις Arkadiópolis) is the largest city of Kırklareli Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Lüleburgaz District. Its population is 125,404 (2022). Located near the border with Bulgaria and Greece within the historic region of East Thrace in Rumelia, the city is home to many Balkan Turks from Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania and ex-Yugoslavia who immigrated to Turkey since the 19th century.
Lüleburgaz is a hub for road and rail transportation, with the city being connected to Istanbul and Edirne by the Istanbul-Kapıkule Regional Train and to Plovdiv, Sofia, Belgrade, Bucharest and Budapest by the Bosphorus Express and the Istanbul-Sofia Express.
Its best known attraction is the 16th-century Sokollu Mehmed Pasha Mosque, named after the Grand Vizier Mehmet Paşa Sokolović and designed by the Ottoman chief architect Mimar Sinan who also designed a bridge for the city.
History
The city used to be the capital of the Roman province of Europa, established by the Roman Emperor Diocletian in 294.
The city's ancient name was Bergula but Emperor Theodosius I changed it to Arcadiopolis in honour of his son and successor Arcadius. The city of Arcadiopolis fell to Attila the Hun during his campaign against the Eastern Roman Empire in 443 AD.
During the revolt of Thomas the Slav against Michael II, the city was Thomas' last refuge after the defection of his troops in 823. Michael II invested the city and after more than five months of siege, the exhausted and starving troops gave up their leader in exchange for an imperial pardon. Thomas was handed over on a donkey and tortured.
The Battle of Arcadiopolis of 970 saw the Byzantine forces defeat an invading Kievan-Pecheneg-Magyar force who were aiming to capture Constantinople, 100 miles (161 kilometres) to the east.
As the capital of the Roman province of Europa, Acradiopolis had its own bishop, who was recorded as attending a number of important church councils; it was noted as an autocephalous archbishopric by the seventh century. It is no longer a residential bishopric, although the Diocese of Arcadiopolis survives as a Roman Catholic titular see. Marcel Lefebvre, the founder of the Society of Saint Pius X, was one of its titular bishops.
Lüleburgaz came under Ottoman control during the early period of the Ottoman Empire's enlargement to Balkans.
The Battle of Lüleburgaz was fought between 28 October and 2 November 1912 during the First Balkan War. The city was occupied by the Greek army between 1920 and 1922, before becoming part of the Modern Turkish Republic.
Climate
Lüleburgaz experiences a hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen: Csa), with hot, dry summers, and chilly, rainy, somewhat snowy winters.
| Climate data for Lüleburgaz (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 8.5 (47.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
19.6 (67.3) |
25.4 (77.7) |
30.3 (86.5) |
32.8 (91.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
28.1 (82.6) |
21.8 (71.2) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.9 (49.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.6 (38.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
17.5 (63.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
24.5 (76.1) |
24.5 (76.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
14.8 (58.6) |
9.5 (49.1) |
5.1 (41.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −0.3 (31.5) |
0.4 (32.7) |
2.4 (36.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
14.1 (57.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
8.7 (47.7) |
4.5 (40.1) |
1.1 (34.0) |
7.6 (45.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 54.98 (2.16) |
55.25 (2.18) |
55.89 (2.20) |
39.76 (1.57) |
46.71 (1.84) |
44.19 (1.74) |
33.94 (1.34) |
12.21 (0.48) |
36.09 (1.42) |
65.62 (2.58) |
55.69 (2.19) |
73.18 (2.88) |
573.51 (22.58) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.0 | 6.0 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 5.3 | 3.4 | 2.5 | 4.1 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 65.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.7 | 76.1 | 73.3 | 69.2 | 66.1 | 62.6 | 59.6 | 59.0 | 63.7 | 71.4 | 77.3 | 80.0 | 69.6 |
| Source: NOAA | |||||||||||||
Economy
The economy of Lüleburgaz is mainly based on the industrial sector and agriculture. There are various factories around the city.
Pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceutical companies such as Sanofi-Aventis, Deva Holding A.S. and Zentiva have their main manufacturers within the urban area of Lüleburgaz.
Agriculture
Crops widely grown around Lüleburgaz include wheat, corn and sunflowers, with the latter being one of the symbols of the city. Trakya Birlik, with its headquarters in the city, is one of Turkey's main sunflower oil producers.
Glass production
Şişecam, Turkey's leading glass producer, has a factory in Lüleburgaz, as does its East Thracian division Trakya Cam (Thrace Glass).
Sport
Founded in 2007, the women's football club, Düvenciler Lisesispor, played in the Turkish Women's First Football League after promotion from the Second League. In 2011 the team changed its name to Lüleburgaz 39 Spor and its colours from yellow-black to red-green. The club ended its participation in the league in the 2013-14 season.
Culture
The city and the Battle of Lüleburgas feature in Marcel Proust's Time Regained, the final chapter of Remembrance of Things Past, published in 1927.
The festival of koliada is historically celebrated in the city in the month of January.
Media companies
The city of Lüleburgaz is home to several local media agencies including the centre-left Lüleburgaz Görünüm Gazetesi and Lüleburgaz Haber.
Politics
Lüleburgaz is one of the most pro-European cities of Turkey; mayoral candidates advocating tighter integration with the European Union dominate during elections.
Historically, the centre-left, secular and pro-European Republican People's Party (CHP) has dominated city politics. In the 2017 Turkish constitutional referendum, 72.89% of the population of Lüleburgaz voted "no". In the 2018 Turkish general election the most popular party was the CHP which received 51.38% of the vote. The liberal democratic Nation Alliance received 64.80% of the votes in the city. In the 2019 Turkish local elections the most popular candidate was Murat Gerenli of the CHP which received 66.55% of the vote.
Famous residents
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- Ahmet Özacar, Turkish footballer
- Candan Erçetin, Turkish singer-songwriter of Kosovar-Macedonian descent that represented Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1986, recipient of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres for her contributions to France–Turkey relations
Twin towns – sister cities
Lüleburgaz is twinned with:
See also
References
- ^ "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 13 March 2023.
- İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
- Listing on Catholic-hierarchy.org
- Arslan, Ali (2010). Kasabadan kente bir Cumhuriyet yürüyüşü: Lüleburgaz; II. Kitap, Ekonomi ve Siyaset Tarihi. Görünüm Yayinlari.
- "Table 1 Overview of the Köppen-Geiger climate classes including the defining criteria". Nature: Scientific Data.
- "Kar Örtülü Gün Sayısı" (PDF). MGM.
- "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Lüleburgaz". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
- "Bu görüntü mazide kaldı". Görünüm Gazetesi (in Turkish). 2013-08-24. Archived from the original on 2013-12-11. Retrieved 2013-12-06.
- "Mandıra'da 'korkunç' gece". Görünüm Gazetesi. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 January 2022.
- "2017 Turkiye Geneli Referandum Sonuclari". NTV. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- "Kirklareli 24 Haziran (2018) Secim Sonuclari ve Kazanan Milletvekilleri". Sozcu. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- "Kirklareli Luleburgaz Secim Sonuclari: 31 Mart 2019". Sozcu. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- "Candan Erçetin Lüleburgaz'daki Sanat Akademisi'ni inceledi: "Lüleburgaz çok önemli bir cazibe merkezi olabilir"". Mahalli Gündem. Retrieved 31 January 2022.
Bibliography
External links
 Lüleburgaz District | |
|---|---|
| Municipalities | |
| Villages | |