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{{Otheruses4|United States jails, which are different from prisons|jails elsewhere|prison|other uses|}} |
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{{Wiktionary|jail}} |
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In ], a '''jail''' (occasionally spelled '''gaol'''{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}) is a ] used to detain persons who are in the lawful custody of the state, including ] and those who have been convicted of a ] and are serving a sentence of less than one year.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.courts.state.va.us/glossary_of_court_terms.html | title = Glossary of Terms Commonly Used in Court | accessdate = 2007-04-21 | publisher = The Office of the Executive Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia | date = ]-]}}</ref><ref name="bjs-2005">{{cite web |url=http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/abstract/pjim05.htm |title=Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005 |publisher=Bureau of Justice Statistics}}</ref> Jails are generally small penitentiaries run by individual ] and ],<ref name="bjs-2005"/> though some jails in larger communities may be as large and hold as many inmates as regular prisons. As with prisons, some jails have different wings for certain types of offenders, and have work programs for inmates who demonstrate good behavior. |
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Jails are typically operated by city or county governments, and house prisoners who are being detained before trial or serving sentences less than one year.<ref>Doris J. James, Profile of Jail Inmates, 2002, 2 (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2002) </ref> Approximately half of the U.S. jail population consists of pretrial detainees who have not been convicted or sentenced. Prisoners serving terms longer than one year are typically housed in correctional facilities operated by state governments. Unlike most state prisons, a jail usually houses both men and women in separate portions of the same facility. Some jails lease space to house inmates from the federal government, state prisons or from other counties for profit. |
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In 2005, a report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics found that 62 percent of people in jails have not been convicted, meaning many of them are awaiting trial.<ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2009}}</ref> {{As of|2005}}, local jails held or supervised 819,434 individuals. Nine percent of these individuals were in programs such as ], ], weekend reporting, ], and other alternative programs.<ref name="bjs-2005"/> |
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In the United States, as compared to regular 'mainline' state and federal prisons, in which prisoners have already been investigated and classified by corrections personnel before being assigned to a level of security, in which many of the prisoners are committed for longer periods of time, and in which the population is on average older, jails usually house prisoners who are on average younger and have varying or unknown histories and propensities for violence or disciplinary problems. As a result, many jails operate their booking and receiving units at a relatively high level of correctional security, and also witness a disproportionately large amount of violence and disciplinary problems as compared to mainline facilities. |
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==Jail Management== |
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There are three main ] styles common in most jails. The first and oldest style is Intermittent Surveillance. Intermittent Surveillance involves rows of ] along security ]. These corridors are patrolled by ] providing periodic observation. Most problems occur between these intermittent patrols. The second supervisory style is Remote Surveillance. Remote Surveillance involves cells and their corresponding dayrooms divided into "pods" which are under constant supervision by jail staff from a central control room. Staff in the central control room commonly ] three to four "pods" at one ]. The third and most recently ]d supervisory style is ] Supervision.<ref name="Saunders">Stephen I. Saunders, III, Direct Supervision Jails: A Management Model for the 21st Century, 1990</ref> Direct Supervision involves a dayroom with numerous cells under constant and direct supervision by staff who are stationed inside the housing unit. Staff are constantly interacting with inmates and controlling inmate behavior. The success of Direct Supervision relies on the staff's ability to control this behavior and for facility management to create detention environments that facilitate the staff's effectiveness. This style is also the most cost effective of the three. <ref name="Saunders"/> |
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==See also== |
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* ], a spelling of ''jail'' found in many Commonwealth countries |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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* ''Brian Dawe'', , Corrections Connection |
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* ''Ann Coppola'', , Corrections Connection |
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* ''Joe Bouchard'', , Corrections Connection |
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* - International Network of Prison Ministries (AKA "Prison Ministry Directory") |
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