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{{More footnotes|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox dog breed {{Infobox dog breed
| name = Assyrian Mastiff | name = Assyrian Mastiff
| image =File:Nineveh and Babylon - a narrative of a second expedition to Assyria during the years 1849, 1850, and 1851 (1882) (14764163341).jpg
| image = File:AssyrianMastiffs.jpg|
| image_alt = | image_alt =
| image_caption =A drawing of a terracotta tablet found in Babylon<ref>{{Cite book |last=Layard |first=Austen Henry |url=http://archive.org/details/ninevehbabylonna00laya |title=Nineveh and Babylon : a narrative of a second expedition to Assyria during the years 1849, 1850, & 1851 |date=1882 |publisher=London : J. Murray |others=University of California Libraries |page=302}}</ref>
| image_caption = ] mastiff
| altname = Assyrian Shepherd Dog, Anatolian Shepherd | altname =
| country = ], ], ] | country = Assyria
| maleweight = {{convert|65|-|92|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | maleweight =
| femaleweight = {{convert|55|-|80|kg|lb|abbr=on}} | femaleweight =
| height = {{convert|77|-|95|cm|in|abbr=on}} | height =
| maleheight = | maleheight =
| femaleheight = | femaleheight =
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| litter_size = | litter_size =
| life_span = | life_span =
| notrecognized = yes | notrecognized =
| fcistd = | fcistd =
| extinct = | extinct =
}} }}
The '''] Mastiff''',<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Wynn |first1=M.B. |title=History of The Mastiff - Gathered From Sculpture, Pottery, Carvings, Paintings and Engravings; Also From Various Authors, With Remarks On Same (A Vintage Dog Books Breed Classic). |date=2006 |publisher=Read Books |location=Alcester |isbn=9781446548929 |page=25}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Darwin |first1=Charles |title=The variation of animals and plants under domestication |date=1998 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Md. |isbn=9780801858666 |page=17 |edition=Johns Hopkins paperbacks}}</ref> is a dog ] native to Northern ]. This dog is often used as a ] against predators and were bred by the Assyrians and ] for lion and wild horse-hunting <ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Gwatkin |first1=R. D. S. |title=Dogs and human migrations |journal=Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |date=1 March 1933 |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=154–164 |doi=10.10520/AJA00382809_3273 |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00382809_3273}}</ref>. The '''Assyrian Mastiff''',<ref name=":1">{{cite book |last1=Wynn |first1=M.B. |title=History of The Mastiff – Gathered From Sculpture, Pottery, Carvings, Paintings and Engravings; Also From Various Authors, With Remarks On Same (A Vintage Dog Books Breed Classic). |date=1886 |publisher=Read Books |isbn=9781446548929 |location=Alcester |page=24}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{cite book |last1=Darwin |first1=Charles |title=The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication |date=1998 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore, Md. |isbn=9780801858666 |page=17 |edition=Johns Hopkins paperbacks}}</ref> was a ] of dog found in ]. This dog was often used as a ] against predators, as well as for lion and wild horse-hunting. The modern ] (more recently also known as the ]) may be a descendant of the Assyrian mastiff.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal |last1=Gwatkin |first1=R. D. S. |date=1 March 1933 |title=Dogs and human migrations |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/epdf/10.10520/AJA00382809_3273 |journal=Journal of the South African Veterinary Association |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=160 |hdl=10520/AJA00382809_3273 }}</ref>
The name is most likely derived from the images of this type of dog that appear in ] and other ] reliefs dating from the 10th to 6th century BCE ]<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Mark |first1=Joshua |title=Dogs & Their Collars in Ancient Mesopotamia |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1175/dogs--their-collars-in-ancient-mesopotamia/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref = ":5">{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.amamolossers.com/history.html |website=American Molosser Association |language=en}}</ref><ref =":5">{{cite book |last1=Leighton |first1=Robert |title=Dogs and All about Them |date=1910 |publisher=Cassell, Limited |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jUBIAAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false|page=2}}</ref>. It was, and still is, specially prized for its high stamina while fighting external threats, especially wild animals and other dogs. It has a fish-like body, broader at the chest and narrower at the waist, which enables it to twist and turn at high speeds irrespective of its huge frame. The name is most likely derived from the images of this type of dog that appear in ] and other ] reliefs dating from the 10th to 6th century BCE ].<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /><ref name=":4">{{cite web |last1=Mark |first1=Joshua |title=Dogs & Their Collars in Ancient Mesopotamia |url=https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1175/dogs--their-collars-in-ancient-mesopotamia/ |website=World History Encyclopedia |language=en}}</ref><ref = ":5">{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.amamolossers.com/history.html |website=American Molosser Association |language=en}}</ref><ref =":5">{{cite book |last1=Leighton |first1=Robert |title=Dogs and All about Them |date=1910 |location=London |publisher=Cassell and Company |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=jUBIAAAAIAAJ|page=2|isbn=9781414291680 }}</ref>


==Weight and height== == History ==
It is assumed the Assyrian mastiff had their ancestors in the region between India and Persia where they were domesticated and used as hunting dogs. Several mastiff type figures of the Assyrian era around 2000 BC were discovered with carved-in names such as "Consume his life", "Don't stop to think, bite", and "Catcher of the hostile one". More Assyrian relics depicting dogs can be found from between 1000 and 650 BC.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Mastiff Types |url=https://canineheritage.weebly.com/mastiff-types.html |access-date=2022-08-05 |website=Canine Heritage |language=en}}</ref>
Males weigh between 50 and 92 kilograms (even crossing 100&nbsp;kg in rare cases), females 45 to 80 kilograms. The height of these dogs at the shoulder is between 75 and 90 centimeters in males and between 70 and 85 in
females.
]


== Description == == Description ==
⚫ In 1886, M.B. Wynn described the ancient Assyrian's clay tablet's depictions of the Assyrian Mastiff:{{blockquote|It is also worthy of remark that the Assyrians were always careful to define long hair when it existed, but in this specimen the stern appears free from any roughness, although so minute are the details that the very fraying at the end of the rope is depicted, the loose skin hangs down the face in enormous wrinkles or folds, and the lips were extremely pendulous evidently, although the mouth is marked by a slit or line in the usual conventional form of Assyrian sculpture. The ears are of medium size, chest very deep, and limbs massive, the head short and of great volumn, and muzzle short and truncated. There is a great similarity between this dog and some of our noted English specimens.<ref name=":1" />}}
The coats of Assyrian mastiffs can be yellow, white, red, burgundy, blue and black. The breed has loose skin, large ]s, and non-cartilaginous (soft and floppy) ears. The breed is longer and stronger than the other Asian mastiffs. Its body length is especially eye-catching, since it has a long and slender body resembling the ]. This breed has a significantly larger amount of endurance comparative to other dog breeds. It also has high body strength and is usually longer than other giant dog breeds.

In the ''History of The Mastiff - Gathered From Sculpture, Pottery, Carvings, Paintings and Engravings; Also From Various Authors, With Remarks On Same (A Vintage Dog Books Breed Classic)'', M.B. Wynn describes ancient Assyrian's clay tablet's depictions of the Assyrian Mastiff:
⚫ {{blockquote|It is also worthy of remark that the Assyrians were always careful to define long hair when it existed, but in this specimen the stern appears free from any roughness, although so minute are the details that the very fraying at the end of the rope is depicted, the loose skin hangs down the face in enormous wrinkles or folds, and the lips were extremely pendulous evidently, although the mouth is marked by a slit or line in the usual conventional form of Assyrian sculpture. The ears are of medium size, chest very deep, and limbs massive, the head short and of great volumn, and muzzle short and truncated. There is a great similarity between this dog and some of our noted English specimens.<ref name=":1" />}}

== Age ==
The Assyrian mastiff live on average 9 to 13 years. If they are used in combat, their expected lifespan is reduced to 6–8 years.

==Image gallery==
<gallery>
File:MesuAndrews-AssyrianMastiff.jpg|thumb|Modern Assyrian Mastiff
File:5-Assyrian-Shepherd.jpg|thumb|Assyrian Mastiff with Boy
</gallery>


==See also== ==See also==
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*] *]
*] *]
⚫ *]

==See also==
⚫ * ]
* ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}

{{commons category|Assyrian Mastiff}}
{{Livestock guardians}}


] ]
] ]
]
]




{{dog-stub}}{{Livestock guardians}} {{dog-stub}}

Latest revision as of 06:19, 20 November 2024

Dog breed
Assyrian Mastiff
A drawing of a terracotta tablet found in Babylon
OriginAssyria
Dog (domestic dog)

The Assyrian Mastiff, was a landrace of dog found in Assyria. This dog was often used as a livestock guardian against predators, as well as for lion and wild horse-hunting. The modern Assyrian Shepherd (more recently also known as the Kurdish Mastiff) may be a descendant of the Assyrian mastiff.

The name is most likely derived from the images of this type of dog that appear in Assyrian and other Mesopotamian reliefs dating from the 10th to 6th century BCE Neo-Assyrian Empire.

History

It is assumed the Assyrian mastiff had their ancestors in the region between India and Persia where they were domesticated and used as hunting dogs. Several mastiff type figures of the Assyrian era around 2000 BC were discovered with carved-in names such as "Consume his life", "Don't stop to think, bite", and "Catcher of the hostile one". More Assyrian relics depicting dogs can be found from between 1000 and 650 BC.

Description

In 1886, M.B. Wynn described the ancient Assyrian's clay tablet's depictions of the Assyrian Mastiff:

It is also worthy of remark that the Assyrians were always careful to define long hair when it existed, but in this specimen the stern appears free from any roughness, although so minute are the details that the very fraying at the end of the rope is depicted, the loose skin hangs down the face in enormous wrinkles or folds, and the lips were extremely pendulous evidently, although the mouth is marked by a slit or line in the usual conventional form of Assyrian sculpture. The ears are of medium size, chest very deep, and limbs massive, the head short and of great volumn, and muzzle short and truncated. There is a great similarity between this dog and some of our noted English specimens.

See also

References

  1. Layard, Austen Henry (1882). Nineveh and Babylon : a narrative of a second expedition to Assyria during the years 1849, 1850, & 1851. University of California Libraries. London : J. Murray. p. 302.
  2. ^ Wynn, M.B. (1886). History of The Mastiff – Gathered From Sculpture, Pottery, Carvings, Paintings and Engravings; Also From Various Authors, With Remarks On Same (A Vintage Dog Books Breed Classic). Alcester: Read Books. p. 24. ISBN 9781446548929.
  3. ^ Darwin, Charles (1998). The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication (Johns Hopkins paperbacks ed.). Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 17. ISBN 9780801858666.
  4. Gwatkin, R. D. S. (1 March 1933). "Dogs and human migrations". Journal of the South African Veterinary Association. 4 (3): 160. hdl:10520/AJA00382809_3273.
  5. Mark, Joshua. "Dogs & Their Collars in Ancient Mesopotamia". World History Encyclopedia.
  6. "History". American Molosser Association.
  7. Leighton, Robert (1910). Dogs and All about Them. London: Cassell and Company. p. 2. ISBN 9781414291680.
  8. "Mastiff Types". Canine Heritage. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
Livestock guardian dogs
  • † = Descended from and closely related to livestock guardian dogs, but traditionally used in other roles


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