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{{Short description|Place in Greece}}
{{Infobox Greek Dimos {{Infobox Greek Dimos
|name = Krystallopigi |name = Krystallopigi
|name_local = Κρυσταλλοπηγή |name_local = Κρυσταλλοπηγή
|type = municipal unit
|image_map = DE Krystallopigis.svg |image_map = DE Krystallopigis.svg
|map_caption = Location within the regional unit |map_caption = Location within the regional unit
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|periphunit = ] |periphunit = ]
|municipality = ] |municipality = ]
|pop_municunit = 359 |pop_municunit = 145
|pop_community = 314 |pop_community = 111
|population_as_of = 2011 |population_as_of = 2021
|area_municunit = 102.0 |area_municunit = 102.0
|elevation = 1130 |elevation = 1130
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|caption_skyline = |caption_skyline =
}} }}
'''Krystallopigi''' ({{lang-el|Κρυσταλλοπηγή}}; {{lang-bg|Смърдеш}}, ''Smardesh'' or ''Smrdesh'', ]: Смрдеш, ''Smrdeš'') is a former ] in ], ], ]. Krystallopigi means "crystal spring". Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality ], of which it is a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis> Greece Ministry of Interior {{el icon}}</ref> The municipal unit has an area of 101.984 km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 |df= }}</ref> The population is 359 (2011). The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with ] from ]. Today they still form the majority of the towns population. Here is located the depopulated village ]. '''Krystallopigi''' ({{langx|el|Κρυσταλλοπηγή}}) or '''Kroustallopigi''' (Κρουσταλλοπηγή), before 1926: Smardesi (Σμαρδέσι)<ref name="pandektisSmKr"/> is a former ] in ], ], ]. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality ], of which it is a municipal unit.<ref name=Kallikratis>{{Cite web|url=http://www.et.gr/idocs-nph/search/pdfViewerForm.html?args=5C7QrtC22wGYK2xFpSwMnXdtvSoClrL81-32jgAMSfbnMRVjyfnPUeJInJ48_97uHrMts-zFzeyCiBSQOpYnT00MHhcXFRTsb2fGphpq4MKX2ZkaHobySNnvZCNHXvYVvlf80XevW0Q.|title=ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities|language=el|publisher=]}}</ref> It is located on the Greek–Albanian border.
The municipal unit has an area of 101.984&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>.<ref name=stat01>{{cite web|url=http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |publisher=National Statistical Service of Greece |title=Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation) |language=el |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921212047/http://dlib.statistics.gr/Book/GRESYE_02_0101_00098%20.pdf |archivedate=2015-09-21 }}</ref> The population is 145 (2021). The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with ] from ]. Today they still form the majority of the town's population. Nearby is located the depopulated village ].


⚫ ]
Krystallopigi ] ] to the west; ] to the north; ], ], to the east and southeast; and ], ], to the south. A major road ] into ] is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as ], 9&nbsp;km east from ]. Krystallopigi ] ] to the west; ] to the north; ], ], to the east and southeast; and ], ], to the south. A major road ] into ] is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as ], 9&nbsp;km east from ].

== Name ==
] from 1892. There they insist to be transferred from the ] to the ].]]
Until 1926, the village was known as ''Smardesi'' ({{langx|el|Σμαρδέσι}}).<ref name="pandektisSmKr">{{Cite web|author=Institute for Neohellenic Research|title=Name Changes of Settlements in Greece: Smardesi – Krystallopigi|url=http://pandektis.ekt.gr/dspace/handle/10442/170757|website=Pandektis|access-date=14 November 2018}}</ref> In the ] it is known as Смърдеш, ''Smardesh'' or ''Smrdesh'', while in ] as Смрдеш, ''Smrdeš''. The original name of the village is believed to be derived from the local Slavic name of a nearby mineral spring ''Smrdliva Voda'' meaning ''stinky water''.<ref>Симовски, Тодор (1998). Населените места во Егејска Македонија : географски, етнички и стопански карактеристики. I. Скопје: Институт за национална историја. стр. 175–176</ref> The modern name Krystallopigi means "crystal spring".


== History == == History ==
The village was mentioned in an Ottoman ] of 1530, under the name of ''Ismirdesh'', and was described as having 53 households. <ref>Harun Yeni, Demography and settlement in Paşa sancaği sol-kol region according to muhasebe-i vilayet-i rumeli defteri dated 1530 , Ankara, 2006, стр. 118.</ref> The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was ].<ref></ref> There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.<ref>,</ref> The village was mentioned in an Ottoman ] of 1530, under the name of ''Ismirdesh'', and was described as having 53 households.<ref>Harun Yeni, Demography and settlement in Paşa sancaği sol-kol region according to muhasebe-i vilayet-i rumeli defteri dated 1530 , Ankara, 2006, стр. 118.</ref> The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was ].<ref></ref> There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.<ref>,</ref>


Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of ]. There was an illegal foundry and depot for ] in 1903.<ref></ref><ref></ref> The village was burned by Turkish troops and ] irregulars in May 1903.<ref>Brailsford, H. N., op. cit., p. 144-146, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref> It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the ].<ref>, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref> Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of ]. There was an illegal foundry and depot for ] in 1903.<ref></ref><ref></ref> The village was burned by Turkish troops in May 1903.<ref>Brailsford, H. N., op. cit., p. 144-146, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref> It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the ].<ref>, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203</ref>


The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926. In 1951, the village was declared entirely uninhabited, and later ] from ] and from the vicinity of ] were settled there. The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926.

During the ] (1946-1949) Krystallopigi was destroyed and later rebuilt between 1957–1958.<ref name="Kostopoulos53"/> The Greek government assisted a group of nomadic transhumant ], known as the Arvanitovlachs to settle in Krystallopigi.<ref name="Koukoudis304"/><ref name="Kostopoulos53">{{cite journal|last=Kostopoulos|first=Tassos|title=How the North was won. Épuration ethnique, échange des populations et politique de colonisation dans la Macédoine grecque|trans-title=How the North was won. Ethnic cleansing, population exchange and settlement policy in Greek Macedonia|language=fr|url=https://journals.openedition.org/ejts/4437|journal=European Journal of Turkish Studies|issue=12|year=2011|at=}} para. 53.</ref> Aromanians are the only inhabitants of the village.<ref name="Koukoudis304">{{cite book|last=Koukoudis|first=Asterios|title=The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora|year=2003|publisher=Zitros Publications|isbn=9789607760869|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=01JoAAAAMAAJ&q=Krystallopiyi|page=304}}</ref>

Krystallopigi had 265 inhabitants in 1981.<ref name="VanB"/> In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Krystallopigi was populated by Aromanians.<ref name="VanB">{{cite journal|last=Van Boeschoten|first=Riki|title=Usage des langues minoritaires dans les départements de Florina et d'Aridea (Macédoine)|trans-title=Use of minority languages in the departments of Florina and Aridea (Macedonia)|language=fr|url=http://journals.openedition.org/strates/381|journal=Strates|volume=10|year=2001|at=}} Table 3: Kristallopiyi, 265; V; V = Valaques (Aroumains)"</ref>


==Demographics== ==Demographics==
⚫ ]
{| class="wikitable"
{{Historical populations
| valign="top" |
|align = none
{|
|1913|1488
! style="background:#efefef;" | Year
|1920|718
! style="background:#efefef;" | Population
|1928|598
|-
|1940|624
| 1913 || align="right" | 1,488
|1961|364
|-
|1971|309
| 1920 || align="right" | 718
|1981|265
|-
|2001<ref name=stat01/>|383
| 1928 || align="right" | 598
|2011<ref name=census11>{{cite web | url = http://www.statistics.gr/documents/20181/1210503/resident_population_census2011rev.xls | title = Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός | publisher = Hellenic Statistical Authority | language = el }}</ref>|359
|-
|2021<ref name="census21"/>|145
| 1940 || align="right" | 624
⚫ }}
|-
| 1951 || align="right" | 0
|-
| 1961 || align="right" | 364
|-
| 1971 || align="right" | 309
|-
| 1981 || align="right" | 265
|-
| 1991 || align="right" | 213
|-
| 2001 || align="right" | 573
|-
| 2011 || align="right" | 359
⚫ |}
|}


== Notable persons == == Notable persons ==
* ] (1863–1905)
* ] (1874–1913) - ] revolutionary * ] (1874–1913) - ] revolutionary


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{{Prespes div}} {{Prespes div}}

] ]
⚫ ]
] ]
]
⚫ ]

Latest revision as of 01:19, 21 November 2024

Place in Greece Municipal unit in Greece
Krystallopigi Κρυσταλλοπηγή
Municipal unit
Krystallopigi is located in GreeceKrystallopigiKrystallopigiLocation within the regional unit
Coordinates: 40°38′N 21°05′E / 40.633°N 21.083°E / 40.633; 21.083
CountryGreece
Administrative regionWest Macedonia
Regional unitFlorina
MunicipalityPrespes
Area
 • Municipal unit102.0 km (39.4 sq mi)
Elevation1,130 m (3,710 ft)
Population
 • Municipal unit145
 • Municipal unit density1.4/km (3.7/sq mi)
 • Community111
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)
Vehicle registrationΡΑ

Krystallopigi (Greek: Κρυσταλλοπηγή) or Kroustallopigi (Κρουσταλλοπηγή), before 1926: Smardesi (Σμαρδέσι) is a former community in Florina regional unit, West Macedonia, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Prespes, of which it is a municipal unit. It is located on the Greek–Albanian border.

The municipal unit has an area of 101.984 km. The population is 145 (2021). The main village is also called Krystallopigi. After the Greek Civil War, the village was resettled with Aromanians from Epirus. Today they still form the majority of the town's population. Nearby is located the depopulated village Vambel.

Krystallopigi borders Albania to the west; Prespes municipality to the north; Korestia municipality, Kastoria regional unit, to the east and southeast; and Kastraki community, Kastoria regional unit, to the south. A major road border crossing into Albania is located here. The Albanian side of the border crossing is known as Kapshtica, 9 km east from Bilisht.

Name

A request from local inhabitants to the Grand Vizier from 1892. There they insist to be transferred from the Greek Patriarchate to the Bulgarian Exarchate.

Until 1926, the village was known as Smardesi (Greek: Σμαρδέσι). In the Bulgarian it is known as Смърдеш, Smardesh or Smrdesh, while in Macedonian as Смрдеш, Smrdeš. The original name of the village is believed to be derived from the local Slavic name of a nearby mineral spring Smrdliva Voda meaning stinky water. The modern name Krystallopigi means "crystal spring".

History

The village was mentioned in an Ottoman defter of 1530, under the name of Ismirdesh, and was described as having 53 households. The bigger part of the population of Smerdesh in 19th and in the beginning of 20th century was Bulgarian. There were 1780 inhabitants in 1900.

Many residents of Smardesh took part in the struggle of IMORO. There was an illegal foundry and depot for hand grenades in 1903. The village was burned by Turkish troops in May 1903. It was plundered and burned for the second time in 1903 during the Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising.

The name of the village was changed to Krystallopigi in 1926.

During the Greek Civil War (1946-1949) Krystallopigi was destroyed and later rebuilt between 1957–1958. The Greek government assisted a group of nomadic transhumant Aromanians, known as the Arvanitovlachs to settle in Krystallopigi. Aromanians are the only inhabitants of the village.

Krystallopigi had 265 inhabitants in 1981. In fieldwork done by anthropologist Riki Van Boeschoten in late 1993, Krystallopigi was populated by Aromanians.

Demographics

Map of Florina regional unit showing Krystallopigi municipal unit.
Historical population
YearPop.±%
19131,488—    
1920718−51.7%
1928598−16.7%
1940624+4.3%
1961364−41.7%
1971309−15.1%
1981265−14.2%
2001383+44.5%
2011359−6.3%
2021145−59.6%

Notable persons

References

  1. ^ "Αποτελέσματα Απογραφής Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2021, Μόνιμος Πληθυσμός κατά οικισμό" [Results of the 2021 Population - Housing Census, Permanent population by settlement] (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority. 29 March 2024.
  2. ^ Institute for Neohellenic Research. "Name Changes of Settlements in Greece: Smardesi – Krystallopigi". Pandektis. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  3. "ΦΕΚ B 1292/2010, Kallikratis reform municipalities" (in Greek). Government Gazette.
  4. ^ "Population & housing census 2001 (incl. area and average elevation)" (PDF) (in Greek). National Statistical Service of Greece. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-21.
  5. Симовски, Тодор (1998). Населените места во Егејска Македонија : географски, етнички и стопански карактеристики. I. Скопје: Институт за национална историја. стр. 175–176
  6. Harun Yeni, Demography and settlement in Paşa sancaği sol-kol region according to muhasebe-i vilayet-i rumeli defteri dated 1530 , Ankara, 2006, стр. 118.
  7. Brailsford, H. N. Macedonia: Its Races and Their Future, London 1906, p. 141
  8. Васил Кънчов. „Македония. Етнография и статистика“. София, 1900, с.265 (Kanchov, Vasil. Macedonia — ethnography and statistics Sofia, 1900, p. 265),
  9. Чекаларов, Васил. Дневник 1901-1903, с. 232 (Chekalarov, Vasil. Diary 1901-1903, p. 232)
  10. Силянов, Христо. Освободителнитѣ борби на Македония, том I, София 1933, с. 271 (Silyanov, Hristo. The liberation struggles of Macedonia, vol. 1, Sofia 1933, p. 271
  11. Brailsford, H. N., op. cit., p. 144-146, Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203
  12. Шклифов, Благой и Екатерина Шклифова. Български диалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 32 (Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 32), Македония и Одринско (1893-1903). Мемоар на Вътрешната организация, 1904, с. 203
  13. ^ Kostopoulos, Tassos (2011). "How the North was won. Épuration ethnique, échange des populations et politique de colonisation dans la Macédoine grecque" [How the North was won. Ethnic cleansing, population exchange and settlement policy in Greek Macedonia]. European Journal of Turkish Studies (in French) (12). para. 53.
  14. ^ Koukoudis, Asterios (2003). The Vlachs: Metropolis and Diaspora. Zitros Publications. p. 304. ISBN 9789607760869.
  15. ^ Van Boeschoten, Riki (2001). "Usage des langues minoritaires dans les départements de Florina et d'Aridea (Macédoine)" [Use of minority languages in the departments of Florina and Aridea (Macedonia)]. Strates (in French). 10. Table 3: Kristallopiyi, 265; V; V = Valaques (Aroumains)"
  16. "Απογραφή Πληθυσμού - Κατοικιών 2011. ΜΟΝΙΜΟΣ Πληθυσμός" (in Greek). Hellenic Statistical Authority.
Subdivisions of the municipality of Prespes
Municipal unit of Krystallopigi
Municipal unit of Prespes
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