Revision as of 00:23, 24 April 2024 editBotushali (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users3,395 edits Undid revision 1220464674 by 109.245.34.73 (talk)Tag: Undo← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 07:07, 22 November 2024 edit undoGriboski (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users4,488 editsm fix cite errors | ||
(46 intermediate revisions by 26 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|Seventh largest city of Kosovo}} | {{Short description|Seventh largest city of Kosovo}} | ||
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2020}} | ||
{{Outdated|date=January 2023}} | |||
{{Infobox settlement | {{Infobox settlement | ||
| name = Gjakova | | name = Gjakova | ||
| settlement_type = ] and ] | | settlement_type = ] and ] | ||
| image_skyline = {{multiple image | |||
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage |position=center |photo1a=07 Gjakova Naten Gjakova at Night.jpg |photo2a=Gjakova Naten.jpg |photo2b=Kisha ne Gjakove.jpg |size=225 |spacing=2 |color=#FF1C6Fu |border=0 |foot_montage=From top: The city at night, ], Saint Paul and Saint Peter's Church}} | |||
|total_width = 300 | |||
|border = infobox | |||
|perrow = 1/2/2 | |||
|caption_align = center | |||
|image1 = 07 Gjakova Naten Gjakova at Night.jpg | |||
|caption1 = The city at night | |||
|image2 = Gjakova Naten.jpg | |||
|caption2 = ] | |||
|image3 = Kisha ne Gjakove.jpg | |||
|caption3 = Saint Paul and Saint Peter's Church | |||
}} | |||
| imagesize = | | imagesize = | ||
| image_flag = Flag of Gjakova.png | | image_flag = Flag of Gjakova.png | ||
Line 29: | Line 39: | ||
| leader_title = Mayor | | leader_title = Mayor | ||
| leader_name = ] (]) | | leader_name = ] (]) | ||
| total_type = Municipality | |||
| area_blank1_title = District | |||
| |
| area_total_km2 = 586.91 | ||
| population_total = 78824 | |||
| area_blank2_title = Municipal | |||
| |
| population_as_of = 2024 | ||
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024 |url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/1d268e37-5934-4bd5-bbd1-34a9965cff92.pdf |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref> | |||
| population_as_of = 2011 | |||
| population_density_km2 = auto | |||
| population_footnotes = | |||
| population_note = | | population_note = | ||
| population_rank = ] | |||
| population_blank1_title = City | |||
| population_blank1 = 40827 | |||
| population_density_blank1_km2 = auto | |||
| population_blank2_title = Municipality | |||
| population_blank2 = 94556 | |||
| population_density_blank2_km2 = auto | |||
| timezone = ] | | timezone = ] | ||
| utc_offset = +1 | | utc_offset = +1 | ||
| timezone_DST = ] | | timezone_DST = ] | ||
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | | utc_offset_DST = +2 | ||
| pushpin_relief = 1 | |||
| coordinates = {{coord|42|23|N|20|26|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|42|23|N|20|26|E|type:city|display=inline,title}} | ||
| elevation_footnotes = | | elevation_footnotes = | ||
Line 54: | Line 60: | ||
| area_code = +381 390 | | area_code = +381 390 | ||
| website = | | website = | ||
| |
| registration_plate_type = ] | ||
| registration_plate = 07 | |||
| population_demonym = {{lang-sq|link=no|Gjakovar (m), Gjakovare (f)}} | |||
| population_demonym = {{langx|sq|Gjakovar (m), Gjakovare (f)}} | |||
| area_rank = ] | |||
| area_rank = ] | |||
}} | }} | ||
'''Gjakova'''{{efn|name=fn1|Gjakova is known as '''Gjakovë''' ({{lang-sq-definite|Gjakova}}, {{IPA-sq|ɟaˈkovə|pron}}) and '''Đakovica''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Ђаковица}}, {{IPA-sr| |
'''Gjakova''' or '''Đakovica'''{{efn|name=fn1|Gjakova is known as '''Gjakovë''' ({{lang-sq-definite|Gjakova}}, {{IPA-sq|ɟaˈkovə|pron}}) and '''Đakovica''' ({{lang-sr-Cyrl|Ђаковица}}, {{IPA-sr|ˈdʑakoʋitsa|pron}})}} is the sixth largest city of ] and seat of the Gjakova Municipality and the ]. According to the last census of 2024, the municipality of Gjakova has 78,824 inhabitants.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024 |url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/1d268e37-5934-4bd5-bbd1-34a9965cff92.pdf |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref> | ||
Geographically, it is located in the south-western part of ], about halfway between the cities of ] and ]. It is approximately {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} inland from the ]. | Geographically, it is located in the south-western part of ], about halfway between the cities of ] and ]. It is approximately {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} inland from the ]. The city is situated some {{convert|208|km}} north-east of ], {{convert|145|km}} north-west of ], {{convert|80|km}} west of the capital ], {{convert|435|km}} south of ] and {{convert|263|km}} east of ]. | ||
The city is situated some {{convert|208|km}} north-east of ], {{convert|145|km}} north-west of ], {{convert|80|km}} west of the capital ], {{convert|435|km}} south of ] and {{convert|263|km}} east of ]. | |||
The city of Gjakova has been populated since the prehistoric era.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} During the ], Gjakova served as a trading centre on the route between ] and ]. It was also one of the most developed trade centres at that time in the ]. | The city of Gjakova has been populated since the prehistoric era.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} During the ], Gjakova served as a trading centre on the route between ] and ]. It was also one of the most developed trade centres at that time in the ]. | ||
== |
== Etymology == | ||
The Albanian name for the city is ''Gjakova''. There are several theories on the origin of the village name, such as from the personal name ''],'' a variant of Jacob; the Serbian word '']'' (pupil); or from the Albanian word for "blood" ('']'').<ref name="Чупић1898">{{cite book|author=Никола Чупић|title=Годишњица Николе Чупића|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGc6AQAAIAAJ|year=1898|publisher=Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије.|page=151}}</ref> | |||
The Albanian name for the city is ''Gjakova'', while the Serbian name is ''Đakovica'' with the common ''-ica'' ] placename ]. There are several theories on the origin of the village name, such as from the personal name ''],'' a variant of Jacob; the Serbian word '']'' (pupil); or from the Albanian word for "blood" ('']'').<ref name="Чупић1898">{{cite book|author=Никола Чупић|title=Годишњица Николе Чупића|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oGc6AQAAIAAJ|year=1898|publisher=Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије.|page=151}}</ref> | |||
The "Jakov theory" derives its name from ''Jakov'', a little known nobleman in the service of lord ] who founded and ruled the city, and whose coins have been found, signed "Jakov".<ref name=Matica>{{cite book|title=Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PcuAQAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Матица|quote=... господару овог места Јакову, вазалу Вука Бранковића Сачувано је и неколико примерака новца са натписом "Јаков", који је овај властелин ковао. У турском попису из 1485. уписано је ово место као "село Ђаковица" са 67 домова међу којима је и дом "попа сина Вукашина". Хаџи Калфа и Евлија Челебија у XVII веку помињу ово место као "Јаковичсе" са 2000 кућа и 300 дућана ..}}</ref> According to local Albanians, the name was derived from the name ''Jak'' (Jakov), with the village name meaning "Jakov's field".<ref name=Zapisi>{{cite book|title=Zapisi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IycWAQAAMAAJ|year=1928|publisher=Cetinjsko istorijsko društvo|quote=Арбанаси мештани пак кажу да је име Ђаковица дошло од имена Јак (Јаков) и ова што значи поље, те би Јакова значило Ја- ковљево поље. У арбанашком језику Ђаковица се и зове Јакова, а •не Ђакова и Ђаковица.}}</ref> | The "Jakov theory" derives its name from ''Jakov'', a little known nobleman in the service of lord ] who founded and ruled the city, and whose coins have been found, signed "Jakov".<ref name=Matica>{{cite book|title=Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8PcuAQAAIAAJ|year=1990|publisher=Матица|quote=... господару овог места Јакову, вазалу Вука Бранковића Сачувано је и неколико примерака новца са натписом "Јаков", који је овај властелин ковао. У турском попису из 1485. уписано је ово место као "село Ђаковица" са 67 домова међу којима је и дом "попа сина Вукашина". Хаџи Калфа и Евлија Челебија у XVII веку помињу ово место као "Јаковичсе" са 2000 кућа и 300 дућана ..}}</ref> According to local Albanians, the name was derived from the name ''Jak'' (Jakov), with the village name meaning "Jakov's field".<ref name=Zapisi>{{cite book|title=Zapisi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IycWAQAAMAAJ|year=1928|publisher=Cetinjsko istorijsko društvo|quote=Арбанаси мештани пак кажу да је име Ђаковица дошло од имена Јак (Јаков) и ова што значи поље, те би Јакова значило Ја- ковљево поље. У арбанашком језику Ђаковица се и зове Јакова, а •не Ђакова и Ђаковица.}}</ref> | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
=== Ottoman Period === | === Ottoman Period === | ||
] and St. Paul Church characterize the historical city center]] | ] and St. Paul Church characterize the historical city center]] | ||
] in Gjakova is the oldest one in Kosovo and was the heart of the economy in the city.]] | ] in Gjakova is the oldest one in Kosovo and was the heart of the economy in the city.]] | ||
Line 81: | Line 84: | ||
Gjakova was mentioned as a village with a market in the 1485 Ottoman defter, and had 54 households.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Defteri i Regjistrimit të Sanxhakut të Shkodrës i Vitit 1485 |date=1974 |publisher=Akadamia e Shkencave |location=Tirana |pages=210–211 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhpczgEACAAJ}}</ref> The local ] developed it into a town in the 16th century.<ref name="Anscombe">Anscombe, Frederick F. (2006). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514093015/http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/577/1/Binder2.pdf |date=14 May 2011}}, ''The International History Review'' 28 (4) 758–793.</ref> It has been a settlement with an ethnic Albanian majority since its foundation, having grown around the founding structures built by Hadim Suleyman Efendi, a politically important local Albanian.<ref name="Kiel">{{cite book | last=Kiel | first=Machiel | title=Ottoman Architecture in Albania, 1385-1912 | publisher=Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture | series=Islamic art series | year=1990 | quote=The important and wholly Albanian town of Djakovo, situated just outside the present artificial frontiers of the country, arose in the nineties of the 16th century around the pious foundations of Hadim Süleyman Efendi, a local Albanian who had risen to a position of great honour at the Istanbul court.| page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anscombe |first1=Frederick |title=The Ottoman Empire in recent international politics II: the case of Kosovo. |journal=The International History Review |date=2006 |volume=28 |issue=4 |page=785 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103 |s2cid=154724667 |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/577/1/Binder2.pdf}}</ref> ] noted that Gjakova was founded by members of the Albanian ] tribe in the 15th-16th centuries, specifically by the families of two men descended from Bitush Mërturi - Vula and Mërtur. The descendants of the Vula family were still present during the time of her visit to Albania in the first decade of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elsie |first1=Robert |title=The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture |date=Apr 24, 2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9780857725868 |page=158 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Robert_Elsie_The_Tribes_of_Albania?id=bbeKDwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Valentini |first1=Giuseppe |title=Il Diritto delle Comunità - Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese |date=1956 |publisher=Vallecchi Editore |location=Florence |pages=316–317 |url=https://www.dimarcomezzojuso.it/autore.php?id=36}}</ref> | Gjakova was mentioned as a village with a market in the 1485 Ottoman defter, and had 54 households.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Defteri i Regjistrimit të Sanxhakut të Shkodrës i Vitit 1485 |date=1974 |publisher=Akadamia e Shkencave |location=Tirana |pages=210–211 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IhpczgEACAAJ}}</ref> The local ] developed it into a town in the 16th century.<ref name="Anscombe">Anscombe, Frederick F. (2006). {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514093015/http://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/577/1/Binder2.pdf |date=14 May 2011}}, ''The International History Review'' 28 (4) 758–793.</ref> It has been a settlement with an ethnic Albanian majority since its foundation, having grown around the founding structures built by Hadim Suleyman Efendi, a politically important local Albanian.<ref name="Kiel">{{cite book | last=Kiel | first=Machiel | title=Ottoman Architecture in Albania, 1385-1912 | publisher=Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture | series=Islamic art series | year=1990 | quote=The important and wholly Albanian town of Djakovo, situated just outside the present artificial frontiers of the country, arose in the nineties of the 16th century around the pious foundations of Hadim Süleyman Efendi, a local Albanian who had risen to a position of great honour at the Istanbul court.| page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Anscombe |first1=Frederick |title=The Ottoman Empire in recent international politics II: the case of Kosovo. |journal=The International History Review |date=2006 |volume=28 |issue=4 |page=785 |doi=10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103 |s2cid=154724667 |url=https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/577/1/Binder2.pdf}}</ref> ] noted that Gjakova was founded by members of the Albanian ] tribe in the 15th-16th centuries, specifically by the families of two men descended from Bitush Mërturi - Vula and Mërtur. The descendants of the Vula family were still present during the time of her visit to Albania in the first decade of the 20th century.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Elsie |first1=Robert |title=The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture |date=Apr 24, 2015 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=9780857725868 |page=158 |url=https://play.google.com/store/books/details/Robert_Elsie_The_Tribes_of_Albania?id=bbeKDwAAQBAJ}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Valentini |first1=Giuseppe |title=Il Diritto delle Comunità - Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese |date=1956 |publisher=Vallecchi Editore |location=Florence |pages=316–317 |url=https://www.dimarcomezzojuso.it/autore.php?id=36}}</ref> | ||
In the Ottoman '']'' (tax registry) of 1485, Gjakova was a village with 67 households. In the 17th century, ] and ] mention this place as ''Jakovičse'', with 2000 houses and 300 shops.<ref name=Matica/> During the early period of Ottoman rule, Gjakova and the Gjakova Municipality were part of the ]. Most of the villages in the Nahiya of Altun-ili were dominated by inhabitants with Albanian anthroponomy. This is seen by Selami Pulaha as an indication that during the 15th century (as supported by Ottoman defters), the lands between ] and Gjakova were inhabited by a dominant ethnic Albanian majority. In the 1571 and 1591 Ottoman defters, the majority of the inhabitants of Gjakova as a settlement itself were recorded with Albanian anthroponomy; Albanian onomastics prevailed over Slavic onomastics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |date=1984 |publisher=8 Nëntori |location=Tirana |pages=93–94, 103 |url=https://vdocuments.mx/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |date=1984 |publisher=8 Nëntori |location=Tirana |pages=509, 103 |url=https://vdocuments.mx/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html}}</ref> | In the Ottoman '']'' (tax registry) of 1485, Gjakova was a village with 67 households. In the 17th century, ] and ] mention this place as ''Jakovičse'', with 2000 houses and 300 shops.<ref name=Matica/> During the early period of Ottoman rule, Gjakova and the Gjakova Municipality were part of the ] of ]. Most of the villages in the Nahiya of Altun-ili were dominated by inhabitants with Albanian anthroponomy. This is seen by Selami Pulaha as an indication that during the 15th century (as supported by Ottoman defters), the lands between ] and Gjakova were inhabited by a dominant ethnic Albanian majority. In the 1571 and 1591 Ottoman defters, the majority of the inhabitants of Gjakova as a settlement itself were recorded with Albanian anthroponomy; Albanian onomastics prevailed over Slavic onomastics.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |date=1984 |publisher=8 Nëntori |location=Tirana |pages=93–94, 103 |url=https://vdocuments.mx/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Pulaha |first1=Selami |title=Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI |date=1984 |publisher=8 Nëntori |location=Tirana |pages=509, 103 |url=https://vdocuments.mx/179876370-s-pulaha-popullsia-shqiptare-e-kosoves-gjate-shekujve-xv-xvi.html}}</ref> | ||
In the year 1638, the ], ], reported that Gjakova had 320 Muslim homes, 20 Catholic homes and 20 Orthodox homes, and wrote that |
In the year 1638, the ], ], reported that Gjakova had 320 Muslim homes, 20 Catholic homes and 20 Orthodox homes, and wrote that the region is inhabited by Albanians and that the Albanian language is spoken there.<ref> p. 489</ref> | ||
The city had developed into an Ottoman trade center on the ]–] route, with the marketplace being by the Hadum Mosque, built in 1594 by ], financed by Hadum Aga. Evliya Çelebi mentioned it as a city in 1662, and described it as a flourishing and attractive town with 2,000 houses built of stone with roofs and gardens. The public buildings were situated on a broad plain and included two richly adorned congregational mosques, several prayer-houses, some inns with leaden roofs, a delightful bath-house (hamam), and about 300 shops like nightingale-nests.<ref>{{cite book|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=Historical dictionary of Kosova|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc.|location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=0-8108-5309-4}}</ref> Between 3–6 September 1878, heavy ] took place in Gjakovë between the nationalist Albanian ] and the ]. In the ensuing fight, 280 Ottoman soldiers were killed, including 2 Pashas, and a further 300 were wounded. | The city had developed into an Ottoman trade center on the ]–] route, with the marketplace being by the Hadum Mosque, built in 1594 by ], financed by Hadum Aga. Evliya Çelebi mentioned it as a city in 1662, and described it as a flourishing and attractive town with 2,000 houses built of stone with roofs and gardens. The public buildings were situated on a broad plain and included two richly adorned congregational mosques, several prayer-houses, some inns with leaden roofs, a delightful bath-house (hamam), and about 300 shops like nightingale-nests.<ref>{{cite book|last=Elsie|first=Robert|title=Historical dictionary of Kosova|year=2004|publisher=Scarecrow Press, Inc.|location=Lanham, Maryland |isbn=0-8108-5309-4}}</ref> Between 3–6 September 1878, heavy ] took place in Gjakovë between the nationalist Albanian ] and the ]. In the ensuing fight, 280 Ottoman soldiers were killed, including 2 Pashas, and a further 300 were wounded. | ||
Line 94: | Line 97: | ||
=== Modern Period === | === Modern Period === | ||
Gjakova suffered greatly from the Serbian and Montenegrin armies during the ]. ] reported in 1912, citing Austro-Hungarian sources, that people on the ] hanged on both sides of the road, and that the way to Gjakova became a "gallows alley."<ref name="NY Times">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/12/31/100385991.pdf|date=31 December 1912|newspaper=]|title=Servian army left a trail of blood}}</ref> In the region of Gjakova, the Montenegrin military police formed the Royal Gendarmerie Corps (''Kraljevski žandarmerijski kor''), known as ''krilaši'', which committed much abuse and violence against the non-] population.<ref>{{citation|title=Krilaši|work=Istorijski leksikon Crne Gore|publisher=Daily Press|location=Podgorica|year=2006}}</ref> The mass hanging of Albanian civilians in 1914 by the Serbo-Montenegrin army and the killing of Catholic priest Luigj Palaj were some of the most reported wartime events which took place in Gjakova.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carmichael |first1=Cathie |title=Culture, resistance and violence: guarding the Habsburg Ostgrenze with Montenegro in 1914 |journal=European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire |date=2018 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=705–723 |doi=10.1080/13507486.2018.1474179 |s2cid=149668448 |url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66794/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf|doi-access=free }}</ref> | Gjakova suffered greatly from the Serbian and Montenegrin armies during the ]. ] reported in 1912, citing Austro-Hungarian sources, that people on the ] hanged on both sides of the road, and that the way to Gjakova became a "gallows alley."<ref name="NY Times">{{cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/12/31/100385991.pdf|date=31 December 1912|newspaper=]|title=Servian army left a trail of blood}}</ref> In the region of Gjakova, the Montenegrin military police formed the Royal Gendarmerie Corps (''Kraljevski žandarmerijski kor''), known as ''krilaši'', which committed much abuse and violence against the non-] population.<ref>{{citation|title=Krilaši|work=Istorijski leksikon Crne Gore|publisher=Daily Press|location=Podgorica|year=2006}}</ref> The mass hanging of Albanian civilians in 1914 by the Serbo-Montenegrin army and the killing of Catholic priest Luigj Palaj were some of the most reported wartime events which took place in Gjakova.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Carmichael |first1=Cathie |title=Culture, resistance and violence: guarding the Habsburg Ostgrenze with Montenegro in 1914 |journal=European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire |date=2018 |volume=25 |issue=5 |pages=705–723 |doi=10.1080/13507486.2018.1474179 |s2cid=149668448 |url=https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66794/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf|doi-access=free }}</ref> | ||
Serbian priests forcibly converted Albanian Catholics to ].<ref name="Mirdita">{{cite web|url=http://www.hic.hr/books/jugoistocna-europa/mirdita.htm|title=Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995." Albanci u svjetlosti vanjske politike Srbije|last=Nadj|first=Danijela|access-date=6 September 2016}}</ref> According to a 20 March 1913 '']'' article, Orthodox priests and the military converted 300 Gjakova Catholics to the Orthodox faith; ] Pater Angelus, who refused to renounce his faith, was tortured and killed with ]s. The History Institute in Pristina reported that Montenegro converted over 1,700 Albanian Catholics to the Serbian Orthodox faith in the Gjakova region in March 1913.<ref name="Institute II">{{cite web|url=http://www.kosova.com/arkivi1997/expuls/chap2.htm|title=chapter 2|first=Edmond|last=Hajrullaaga|access-date=6 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031192729/http://www.kosova.com/arkivi1997/expuls/chap2.htm|archive-date=31 October 2006}}</ref> ] told ] in a 10 March 1912 interview that Serbian soldiers behaved in a "barbarous way" toward Muslim and Catholic Albanians in Gjakova.<ref>{{cite book |author=Great Britain Foreign Office |title=The Balkan wars. pt. 1. The prelude; the Tripoli war. pt. 2. The league and Turkey |date=1934 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |page=569 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TguIIjeeb0C&q=Servian+atrocities&pg=PA1122 |access-date=30 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> During ], when Kosovo was made a part of ] under Italian rule and later under German control, Serbs were persecuted by Albanian paramilitaries. A large number of killings of Serbs took place in 1941 in the district of Gjakova.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Antonijević |first1=Nenad |title=Албански злочини над Србима на Косову и Метохији у Другом светском рату, документа |date=2009 |publisher=Muzej žrtava genocida |isbn=9788690632992 |page=38 |url=http://www.muzejgenocida.rs/images/izdanja/Antonijevic,%20Nenad,%20Albanski%20zlocini.pdf}}</ref> | Serbian priests forcibly converted Albanian Catholics to ].<ref name="Mirdita">{{cite web|url=http://www.hic.hr/books/jugoistocna-europa/mirdita.htm|title=Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995." Albanci u svjetlosti vanjske politike Srbije|last=Nadj|first=Danijela|access-date=6 September 2016|archive-date=25 June 2001|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010625113900/http://www.hic.hr/books/jugoistocna-europa/mirdita.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> According to a 20 March 1913 '']'' article, Orthodox priests and the military converted 300 Gjakova Catholics to the Orthodox faith; ] Pater Angelus, who refused to renounce his faith, was tortured and killed with ]s. The History Institute in Pristina reported that Montenegro converted over 1,700 Albanian Catholics to the Serbian Orthodox faith in the Gjakova region in March 1913.<ref name="Institute II">{{cite web|url=http://www.kosova.com/arkivi1997/expuls/chap2.htm|title=chapter 2|first=Edmond|last=Hajrullaaga|access-date=6 September 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031192729/http://www.kosova.com/arkivi1997/expuls/chap2.htm|archive-date=31 October 2006}}</ref> ] told ] in a 10 March 1912 interview that Serbian soldiers behaved in a "barbarous way" toward Muslim and Catholic Albanians in Gjakova.<ref>{{cite book |author=Great Britain Foreign Office |title=The Balkan wars. pt. 1. The prelude; the Tripoli war. pt. 2. The league and Turkey |date=1934 |publisher=H.M. Stationery Office |page=569 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2TguIIjeeb0C&q=Servian+atrocities&pg=PA1122 |access-date=30 December 2019 |language=en}}</ref> During ], when Kosovo was made a part of ] under Italian rule and later under German control, Serbs were persecuted by Albanian paramilitaries. A large number of killings of Serbs took place in 1941 in the district of Gjakova.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Antonijević |first1=Nenad |title=Албански злочини над Србима на Косову и Метохији у Другом светском рату, документа |date=2009 |publisher=Muzej žrtava genocida |isbn=9788690632992 |page=38 |url=http://www.muzejgenocida.rs/images/izdanja/Antonijevic,%20Nenad,%20Albanski%20zlocini.pdf}}</ref> | ||
] after the ] in 1999 |
] after the ] in 1999]] | ||
In 1953–56, a systematic campaign of police repression was conducted throughout Kosovo with the goal to force Albanians to leave the region. The first protest against the Yugoslav police which involved the unfurling of the banned Albanian national flag was held in Gjakova on ], 1956. This protest was soon followed by other protests which involved high school and university students who unfurled the Albanian flag in Yugoslavia. A total of 19 Albanians were assassinated by the ] in Gjakova in these events.{{sfn|Clark|2000|p=38}} | In 1953–56, a systematic campaign of police repression was conducted throughout Kosovo with the goal to force Albanians to leave the region. The first protest against the Yugoslav police which involved the unfurling of the banned Albanian national flag was held in Gjakova on ], 1956. This protest was soon followed by other protests which involved high school and university students who unfurled the Albanian flag in Yugoslavia. A total of 19 Albanians were assassinated by the ] in Gjakova in these events.{{sfn|Clark|2000|p=38}} | ||
In the events of the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova (BSPK) was created in 1990. BSPK's members took pride in their large ] participation which reached 14,900 workers. The BSPK founding congress was held in Gjakova and despite gaining a permission to be legally held, the police broke it up during its second day.{{sfn|Clark|2000|p=74}} The city was badly affected by the ], suffering great physical destruction and large-scale human losses and human rights abuses. In the rural locality of Meja, just 4 km outside Gjakova's city center, the ] of at least 377 Albanian males between the ages of 16 and 60 took place on April 27, 1999, by the Serbian police. It is the largest massacre of the Kosovo War.<ref>{{cite book| last=Jones| first=Adam| ref=Jones| year=2006| publisher=Routledge| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnO_Z3y5elgC| title= Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction |page=330| isbn=9781134259809}}</ref> Many of the bodies of the victims were found in the ]. The ] has convicted several Serbian army and police officers for their involvement.<ref name="HaxhiajStojanovic">{{cite news |last1=Haxhiaj |first1=Serbeze |last2=Stojanovic |first2=Milica |title=Evidence Reveals Serbian Officers' Role in Kosovo Massacre was Ignored |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/04/27/massacre-in-meja-evidence-of-serbian-officers-involvement-ignored/ |work=Balkan Insight |date=2020}}</ref> Actions on the ground had a devastating effect on the city. According to the ], OSCE, and international human rights organisations, about 75% of the population was expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries as well as Yugoslav forces, while many civilians were killed in the process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/kosovo/undword-06.htm|title=UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo – 6. Djakovica Municipality|website=Hrw.org|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/kosovo/documents/reports/hr/part1/p5dja.htm|title=OSCE|website=]|access-date=2017-08-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040222144938/http://www.osce.org/kosovo/documents/reports/hr/part1/p5dja.htm|archive-date=22 February 2004}}</ref> Large areas of the city were destroyed, chiefly through arson and looting but also in the course of localised fighting between government security forces and members of the KLA. The actions of the government forces in Gjakova formed a major part of the ] war crimes indictment of the then-President ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/milu-3ai020905e.pdf |title= |
In the events of the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova (BSPK) was created in 1990. BSPK's members took pride in their large ] participation which reached 14,900 workers. The BSPK founding congress was held in Gjakova and despite gaining a permission to be legally held, the police broke it up during its second day.{{sfn|Clark|2000|p=74}} The city was badly affected by the ], suffering great physical destruction and large-scale human losses and human rights abuses. In the rural locality of Meja, just 4 km outside Gjakova's city center, the ] of at least 377 Albanian males between the ages of 16 and 60 took place on April 27, 1999, by the Serbian police. It is the largest massacre of the Kosovo War.<ref>{{cite book| last=Jones| first=Adam| ref=Jones| year=2006| publisher=Routledge| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RnO_Z3y5elgC| title= Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction |page=330| isbn=9781134259809}}</ref> Many of the bodies of the victims were found in the ]. The ] has convicted several Serbian army and police officers for their involvement.<ref name="HaxhiajStojanovic">{{cite news |last1=Haxhiaj |first1=Serbeze |last2=Stojanovic |first2=Milica |title=Evidence Reveals Serbian Officers' Role in Kosovo Massacre was Ignored |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2020/04/27/massacre-in-meja-evidence-of-serbian-officers-involvement-ignored/ |work=Balkan Insight |date=2020}}</ref> Actions on the ground had a devastating effect on the city. According to the ], OSCE, and international human rights organisations, about 75% of the population was expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries as well as Yugoslav forces, while many civilians were killed in the process.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/kosovo/undword-06.htm|title=UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo – 6. Djakovica Municipality|website=Hrw.org|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osce.org/kosovo/documents/reports/hr/part1/p5dja.htm|title=OSCE|website=]|access-date=2017-08-28|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040222144938/http://www.osce.org/kosovo/documents/reports/hr/part1/p5dja.htm|archive-date=22 February 2004}}</ref> Large areas of the city were destroyed, chiefly through arson and looting but also in the course of localised fighting between government security forces and members of the KLA. The actions of the government forces in Gjakova formed a major part of the ] war crimes indictment of the then-President ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/milu-3ai020905e.pdf |title=Indictment |access-date=28 June 2017 |archive-date=26 March 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326134412/http://www.un.org/icty/indictment/english/milu-3ai020905e.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yugoslav units were stationed in and near the city in two barracks due to the risk of an attack by the ] (KLA) from across the border in Albania. In one incident, NATO aircraft ]. | ||
], the Clock Tower of Gjakova was restored, though in a style different from the original tower.]] | ], the Clock Tower of Gjakova was restored, though in a style different from the original tower.]] | ||
Most of the Albanian population returned following the end of the war. After that much of the town was rebuilt. Many Albanians viewed the ] population as participants in war crimes and collaborators in acts of state repression. The Romani neighbourhood of Gjakova (Brekoc) was targeted and parts of it burnt down in mid-1999, about 600 Roma were moved to a refugee camp outside the town and as a result of political violence |
Most of the Albanian population returned following the end of the war. After that much of the town was rebuilt. Many Albanians viewed the ] population as participants in war crimes and collaborators in acts of state repression. The Romani neighbourhood of Gjakova (Brekoc) was targeted and parts of it burnt down in mid-1999, about 600 Roma were moved to a refugee camp outside the town and as a result of political violence 15 were reportedly killed or missing by August 1999.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Abrahams |first1=Fred |last2=Ward |first2=Benjamin |title=Under Orders War Crimes in Kosovo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1n8DrZg2rb8C |date=2001 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=9781564322647 |page=531}}</ref> The majority of the Serbian population, numbering 3,000, fled Gjakova in June 1999 with only five Serbs remaining, living under guard by ] troops at a local Serbian Orthodox Church.<ref>{{cite book |title=Failure to Protect: Anti-Minority Violence in Kosovo, March 2004 |date=2004 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=52 |edition=16}}</ref> In 2004, the last five remaining Serbs were expelled from Gjakova with the local Serbian Orthodox Church being destroyed by ethnic Albanians during rioting as part of the ] in Kosovo.<ref>{{cite book |title=Failure to Protect: Anti-Minority Violence in Kosovo, March 2004 |date=2004 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=53 |edition=16}}</ref> About 15 Serbs had returned to Gjakova by the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web |title=2011 Kosovo census |url=http://pop-stat.mashke.org/kosovo-ethnic2011.htm |website=pop-stat.mashke.org}}</ref> | ||
== Geography == | == Geography == | ||
Gjakova is located in the south-western part of ]. To the north-east of the city, the west Kosovan plain of ] opens, while in the south-west the peak of ] rises. The city is also situated at the entrance to the ], where the river ] flows from the north to the Erenik mountain stream. After a few kilometers, it flows into the ], the longest river in Kosovo. To the west of Gjakova lie the ], and to the north-east of the city is the ] region. | |||
Gjakova is located in the south-western part of ]. To the north-east of the city, the west Kosovan plain of ] opens, while in the south-west the peak of ] rises. The city is also situated at the entrance to the ], where the river Krena flows from the north to the Erenik mountain stream. After a few kilometers, it flows into the ], the longest river in Kosovo. To the west of Gjakova lie the ], and to the north-east of the city is the ] region. | |||
=== Climate === | === Climate === | ||
Gjakova has a ] (Cfa) as of the ] with an average annual temperature of {{cvt|11.5|C}}.<ref name="Climate-data">{{cite web |publisher=Climate-Data |title=Climate: Gjakova |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/republic-of-kosovo/gjakove/gjakove-6159/ |access-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003171328/https://en.climate-data.org/europe/republic-of-kosovo/gjakove/gjakove-6159/ |archive-date=3 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The warmest month in Gjakova is August with an average temperature of {{cvt|22.5|C}}, while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of {{cvt|0.7|C}}.<ref name="Climate-data"/> | Gjakova has a ] (Cfa) as of the ] with an average annual temperature of {{cvt|11.5|C}}.<ref name="Climate-data">{{cite web |publisher=Climate-Data |title=Climate: Gjakova |url=https://en.climate-data.org/europe/republic-of-kosovo/gjakove/gjakove-6159/ |access-date=5 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211003171328/https://en.climate-data.org/europe/republic-of-kosovo/gjakove/gjakove-6159/ |archive-date=3 October 2021 |url-status=live}}</ref> The warmest month in Gjakova is August with an average temperature of {{cvt|22.5|C}}, while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of {{cvt|0.7|C}}.<ref name="Climate-data"/> | ||
Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
{{Historical populations | {{Historical populations | ||
|title=Municipal historical population | |title=Municipal historical population | ||
| percentages = |
| percentages = | ||
|1948|39998 |1953|44415 |1961|53270 |1971|71374 |1981|92303 |1991|115097 |2011|94556 | |
|1948|39998 |1953|44415 |1961|53270 |1971|71374 |1981|92303 |1991|115097 |2011|94556 |2024|78824|source = | ||
|source = | |||
}} | }} | ||
According to the 2024 census, the total population of the municipality is 78,824, of which 39,288 (49.84%) are males and 39,536 (50.16%) are females.<ref name=":12">{{cite web |title=Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024 |url=https://askapi.rks-gov.net/Custom/1d268e37-5934-4bd5-bbd1-34a9965cff92.pdf |access-date=21 July 2024}}</ref> | |||
] | |||
According to the 2011 census, the resident population was 94,556, of which urban inhabitants numbered 40,827 and rural 53,729; there were 47,226 males and 47,330 females. The ethnic groups include ] (87,672), ] (5,117), ] (738), ] (613), and smaller numbers of ] (73), Serbs (17), Turks (16), ] (13) and others.<ref name="Census2011"/> Based on those that answered, the religious make-up was 77,299 Muslims, 16,296 Roman Catholics, 22 Orthodox Christians, 142 others, and 129 irreligious.<ref name="Census2011"/> Based on the population estimates from the Kosovo Agency of Statistics in 2016, the municipality has 95,433 inhabitants. According to ] estimations, before the ] of 1999 the municipality had a population of about 145,000, of which 93% were Kosovo Albanians and 7% non-majority communities, including some 3,000 Serbs, who mostly lived in Gjakova itself.<ref>] {{cite web |url= http://www.osce.org/documents/html/pdftohtml/1182_en.pdf.html |title= Mission in Kosovo: Municipal profile of Đakovica |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141011173802/http://www.osce.org/documents/html/pdftohtml/1182_en.pdf.html |archive-date= 11 October 2014}}, November 2005. Retrieved on 13 November 2007.</ref> | According to the 2011 census, the resident population was 94,556, of which urban inhabitants numbered 40,827 and rural 53,729; there were 47,226 males and 47,330 females. The ethnic groups include ] (87,672), ] (5,117), ] (738), ] (613), and smaller numbers of ] (73), Serbs (17), Turks (16), ] (13) and others.<ref name="Census2011">{{cite web |date=April 2013 |title=Të dhënat demografike sipas komunave |url=http://esk.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/repository/docs/Te%20dhenat%20kryesore%20demografike%20sipas%20komunave.pdf |access-date=5 October 2013 |publisher=Statistics Agency of Kosovo}}</ref> Based on those that answered, the religious make-up was 77,299 Muslims, 16,296 Roman Catholics, 22 Orthodox Christians, 142 others, and 129 irreligious.<ref name="Census2011" /> Based on the population estimates from the Kosovo Agency of Statistics in 2016, the municipality has 95,433 inhabitants. According to ] estimations, before the ] of 1999 the municipality had a population of about 145,000, of which 93% were Kosovo Albanians and 7% non-majority communities, including some 3,000 Serbs, who mostly lived in Gjakova itself.<ref>] {{cite web |url= http://www.osce.org/documents/html/pdftohtml/1182_en.pdf.html |title= Mission in Kosovo: Municipal profile of Đakovica |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141011173802/http://www.osce.org/documents/html/pdftohtml/1182_en.pdf.html |archive-date= 11 October 2014}}, November 2005. Retrieved on 13 November 2007.</ref> | ||
In 2021 Dragica Gasic, the first Serb returnee since the end of the Kosovo War in 1999 returned to her former apartment in Gjakova. Despite being legally allowed to return to her property by the Kosovo Property Agency, her return was marred by threats of violence and harassment from her ethnic-Albanian neighbors.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bislimi |first1=Bekim |last2=Cvetkovic |first2=Ljudmila |last3=Heil |first3=Andy |title='We Don't Allow Serbs': Kosovar City's First Serb Returnee Reopens Wartime Wounds |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-serb-returnee-gjakova/31349094.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=Radio Free Europe |date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bami |first1=Xhorxhina |title=Kosovo's Most Famous Serb Returnee Suffers Break-In |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/07/28/kosovos-most-famous-serb-returnee-suffers-break-in/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=Balkan Insight |date=28 July 2021}}</ref> | In 2021 Dragica Gasic, the first Serb returnee since the end of the Kosovo War in 1999 returned to her former apartment in Gjakova. Despite being legally allowed to return to her property by the Kosovo Property Agency, her return was marred by threats of violence and harassment from her ethnic-Albanian neighbors.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bislimi |first1=Bekim |last2=Cvetkovic |first2=Ljudmila |last3=Heil |first3=Andy |title='We Don't Allow Serbs': Kosovar City's First Serb Returnee Reopens Wartime Wounds |url=https://www.rferl.org/a/kosovo-serb-returnee-gjakova/31349094.html |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=Radio Free Europe |date=8 July 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Bami |first1=Xhorxhina |title=Kosovo's Most Famous Serb Returnee Suffers Break-In |url=https://balkaninsight.com/2021/07/28/kosovos-most-famous-serb-returnee-suffers-break-in/ |access-date=5 January 2022 |agency=Balkan Insight |date=28 July 2021}}</ref> | ||
{{multiple image | {{multiple image | ||
| align = right | |||
| total_width = | |||
|image1 = Kisha katolike në Gjakovë.JPG |width1 = 209 |height1 = | |||
| image1 = Kisha katolike në Gjakovë.JPG | |||
|image2 = Xhamija_e_Hadumit_Gjakove.JPG |width2 = 118 |height2 = | |||
| width1 = 209 | |||
|footer = Gjakova is characterized with two main Catholic Churches and Mosques, which are part of the cultural heritage of the city. | |||
| height1 = | |||
| image2 = Xhamija_e_Hadumit_Gjakove.JPG | |||
| width2 = 118 | |||
| height2 = | |||
| footer = Gjakova is characterized by two Catholic Churches and Mosques, which are part of the cultural heritage of the city. | |||
}} | }} | ||
Kosovo does not have an official religion. As the rest of the country, the majority of Gjakova's population consider themselves ]. The minority of |
Kosovo does not have an official religion. As the rest of the country, the majority of Gjakova's population consider themselves ]. The minority of Gjakova's religious population that is not Muslim practices Christianity in the form of ] and Eastern Orthodoxy. According to the census of 2011, the prominent religion is Islam, including 81.75% of the population, while 17.23% is ] Christian, 0.02% ] and 1% other.<ref>{{cite web|title=Të dhënat kryesore demografike sipas komunave|url=http://esk.rks-gov.net/rekos2011/repository/docs/Te%20dhenat%20kryesore%20demografike%20sipas%20komunave.pdf|website=Esk.rks-gov.net|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref> Religious communities have educational institutions for their needs organized in accordance with applicable law. | ||
Religious communities have educational institutions for their needs organized in accordance with applicable law. | |||
Christianity has been around in Gjakova for a long time, going back all the way to the time of the ].{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} Islam in Gjakova began to be spread very early, during the ].{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} | Christianity has been around in Gjakova for a long time, going back all the way to the time of the ].{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} Islam in Gjakova began to be spread very early, during the ].{{citation needed|date=January 2022}} | ||
Line 146: | Line 150: | ||
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
Gjakova built an economy based on farming and agriculture, lower trade and some types of manufacturing workshops which mainly produce for the needs of city-based products as imported cases. After ], Gjakova has built an economy based on industry and agriculture but also in the service sector. Nowadays, these subsequent shifts in transitional societies are escorted with shifts in the economic structure of the city. Therefore, Gjakova has an economic structure that is based on two pillars: in the private business sector and social business sector which is currently being privatized. Private business sector is in expansion and the main indicators qualify it as the main component of Gjakova's economy.<ref name="Gjakove">{{cite web |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/gjakove/City-guide/GjakovaTriZonaKomun.aspx |title=Komuna Gjakove - Ekonomia |access-date=2014-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301194652/https://kk.rks-gov.net/gjakove/City-guide/GjakovaTriZonaKomun.aspx |archive-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> | Gjakova built an economy based on farming and agriculture, lower trade and some types of manufacturing workshops which mainly produce for the needs of city-based products as imported cases. After ], Gjakova has built an economy based on industry and agriculture but also in the service sector. Nowadays, these subsequent shifts in transitional societies are escorted with shifts in the economic structure of the city. Therefore, Gjakova has an economic structure that is based on two pillars: in the private business sector and social business sector which is currently being privatized. Private business sector is in expansion and the main indicators qualify it as the main component of Gjakova's economy.<ref name="Gjakove">{{cite web |url=https://kk.rks-gov.net/gjakove/City-guide/GjakovaTriZonaKomun.aspx |title=Komuna Gjakove - Ekonomia |access-date=2014-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301194652/https://kk.rks-gov.net/gjakove/City-guide/GjakovaTriZonaKomun.aspx |archive-date=1 March 2014}}</ref> | ||
Line 168: | Line 171: | ||
Gjakova's private sector, as in other places of Kosovo, is dominated by small businesses which hire 1–5 employees in activities with small added value, such as wholesale and retail, or other service activities such as restaurants and hotels. Wholesale and retail represent 50.5 percent of registered businesses. Other sectors include hotels and restaurants (10.2 percent), production (9.7 percent), transport and communication (7.8 percent), construction (4.2 percent) and agriculture (1.7 percent) among others. | Gjakova's private sector, as in other places of Kosovo, is dominated by small businesses which hire 1–5 employees in activities with small added value, such as wholesale and retail, or other service activities such as restaurants and hotels. Wholesale and retail represent 50.5 percent of registered businesses. Other sectors include hotels and restaurants (10.2 percent), production (9.7 percent), transport and communication (7.8 percent), construction (4.2 percent) and agriculture (1.7 percent) among others. | ||
Outside of the city's centre, Gjakova's private sector is characterized by ex-social ventures. Only one of the 15 privatized social ventures and one of the two ventures with common shares are completely functional. Both ventures have to do with construction. One of them is "Dukagjini" with 109 employees, which is one of the biggest private employers in Gjakova today. The other venture is "NIKI-S" which at present has 279 employees and is considered the biggest company in Gjakova's municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iksweb.org/repository/docs/udhes_per_ne_BE_46482.pdf |title= |
Outside of the city's centre, Gjakova's private sector is characterized by ex-social ventures. Only one of the 15 privatized social ventures and one of the two ventures with common shares are completely functional. Both ventures have to do with construction. One of them is "Dukagjini" with 109 employees, which is one of the biggest private employers in Gjakova today. The other venture is "NIKI-S" which at present has 279 employees and is considered the biggest company in Gjakova's municipality.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iksweb.org/repository/docs/udhes_per_ne_BE_46482.pdf |title=IKS |access-date=2014-03-09 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309184212/http://www.iksweb.org/repository/docs/udhes_per_ne_BE_46482.pdf |archive-date=9 March 2014}}</ref> | ||
== |
== Education == | ||
*], Fighter against the Ottoman occupiers, National hero | |||
*], Albanian sociologist, academic and politician | |||
*], Albanian politician, 5th President of the League of Communists of Kosovo | |||
*], Albanian footballer and captain on National football team of Albania | |||
*], Albanian television host | |||
*], Albanian painter | |||
*], Albanian minister for Europe and Foreign Affairs | |||
*], Kosovo Albanian dean of law of the University of Pristina | |||
*], Albanian playwright | |||
*], Albanian composer | |||
*], Serbian football coach | |||
*], Albanian pasha | |||
*], Albanian, partisan | |||
*], Yugoslav-Albanian actor, the first Eastern European to star in Hollywood during the Cold War | |||
*], Kosovar Albanian football player who played for FK Galenika Zemun. | |||
*], Albanian-Norwegian footballer | |||
*], Olympic judo champion | |||
*], Albanian nationalist and guerrilla fighter | |||
*], Albanian footballer | |||
*], Albanian footballer and coach | |||
*], Albanian, first Prime Minister of AP Kosovo | |||
*], Albanian, former President of Kosovo | |||
*], Albanian media personality | |||
*], Albanian-German footballer | |||
*] was an Albanian Catholic bishop of Skopje, known for discovering Meshari of Gjon Buzuku. | |||
*], former Albanian-Croatian footballer | |||
*], Albanian nationalist | |||
*], Albanian singer | |||
*], Albanian footballer, part of AS Roma's first Serie A win | |||
*], Albanian footballer | |||
*], Kosovo Albanian politician | |||
*], Albanian musician | |||
*], Albanian footballer and manager | |||
*], Albanian impressionist and expressionist painter | |||
*], Bulgarian revolutionary | |||
*], Albanian-German footballer | |||
*], Albanian poet | |||
*], Kosovo Albanian economist | |||
*], Serbian journalist and former RTS director | |||
*], Albanian painter | |||
*], Montenegrin former foreign minister | |||
*], Albanian actress | |||
*], Serbian football player and Olympic champion | |||
*], Albanian folk singer | |||
*], Albanian violinist in Vienna Philharmonic | |||
=== Transport === | |||
There are lots of infrastructure facilities of railways and platforms which currently are out of function.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kosovopolice.com/en/rpd-gjakova|title=REGIONAL POLICE DIRECTORATE – GJAKOVA – Policia e Kosovës – Policija Kosova – Kosovo Police -|website=Policia e Kosovës – Policija Kosova – Kosovo Police -}}</ref> | |||
] is some 70 kilometres east of Gjakova. It is the only port of entry for air travelers to Kosovo. In northern of the city, there is the ] situated. The airport is expected to become public in the following years, to be used by ] ] and ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Aeroporti i Kosovës në Gjakovë për cargo, çmime të lira dhe trajnime për pilotë|url=http://old.zeri.info/artikulli/23276/aeroporti-i-kosoves-ne-gjakove-per-cargo-cmime-te-lira-dhe-trajnime-per-pilote|website=Zëri.info|access-date=2017-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117181427/http://old.zeri.info/artikulli/23276/aeroporti-i-kosoves-ne-gjakove-per-cargo-cmime-te-lira-dhe-trajnime-per-pilote|archive-date=17 January 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Aeroporti Gjakovë, news report|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USrw8Ew5m_A |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/USrw8Ew5m_A| archive-date=2021-12-12 |url-status=live|work=ABC News|access-date=19 December 2014}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
=== Education === | |||
Gjakova has a long tradition of education since the beginning of civil life. According to the Gjakova tradition the Hadim Aga library was so rich in books so it was said "Who wants to see the ], let them visit the library of Hadim Aga". The library had a reading room on the ground floor and the shelf with books upstairs.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com">{{cite web|url=http://gjakovaportal.com/en/Culture/ArtMID/542/ArticleID/1202882|title=Education of Gjakova|website=Gjakovaportal.com|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref> | Gjakova has a long tradition of education since the beginning of civil life. According to the Gjakova tradition the Hadim Aga library was so rich in books so it was said "Who wants to see the ], let them visit the library of Hadim Aga". The library had a reading room on the ground floor and the shelf with books upstairs.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com">{{cite web|url=http://gjakovaportal.com/en/Culture/ArtMID/542/ArticleID/1202882|title=Education of Gjakova|website=Gjakovaportal.com|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref> | ||
] | ] | ||
According to some data, schools with ] as a language of instruction in the territory of Gjakova were opened before 1840.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com"/> The Albanian intellectuals from the city, that were educated in the most important educational centers of the ], had a special role in opening of schools in Albanian during the Albanian National Movement.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com"/> ] | According to some data, schools with ] as a language of instruction in the territory of Gjakova were opened before 1840.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com" /> The Albanian intellectuals from the city, that were educated in the most important educational centers of the ], had a special role in opening of schools in Albanian during the Albanian National Movement.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com" /> ] | ||
A particular role in enriching the educational tradition in the region of Gjakova and beyond was the opening of religious schools, initially schools, later the madrasas.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com"/> | A particular role in enriching the educational tradition in the region of Gjakova and beyond was the opening of religious schools, initially schools, later the madrasas.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com" /> | ||
The city has become an important university town. Today in the ], there is also a large number of primary and secondary schools, in the public sector, as well as in the private sector. The education system is organized in many schools and in the separate physical activity classes. During 2004, there was development respectively. There has been an increase in the number of private institutions, especially at the preschool level, but also in primary and secondary education.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com"/> | The city has become an important university town. Today in the ], there is also a large number of primary and secondary schools, in the public sector, as well as in the private sector. The education system is organized in many schools and in the separate physical activity classes. During 2004, there was development respectively. There has been an increase in the number of private institutions, especially at the preschool level, but also in primary and secondary education.<ref name="gjakovaportal.com" /> | ||
The University of Gjakova ''Fehmi Agani'', is one of the newest public universities in Kosovo. The university began operating on 1 October 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euforia-kosovo.com/?page_id=2640|title=University of Gjakova "Fehmi Agani" – new.euforia-kosovo.com|website=euforia-kosovo.com}}</ref> In 2014, the ''Gjakova Summer School for Entrepreneurship'' were opened in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gjakovasummerschool.com/#about|title=Frontpage – GjakovaSummerSchool|website=GjakovaSummerSchool}}</ref> | The University of Gjakova ''Fehmi Agani'', is one of the newest public universities in Kosovo. The university began operating on 1 October 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://euforia-kosovo.com/?page_id=2640|title=University of Gjakova "Fehmi Agani" – new.euforia-kosovo.com|website=euforia-kosovo.com}}</ref> In 2014, the ''Gjakova Summer School for Entrepreneurship'' were opened in the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gjakovasummerschool.com/#about|title=Frontpage – GjakovaSummerSchool|website=GjakovaSummerSchool}}</ref> | ||
Line 242: | Line 192: | ||
{{wide image|Gjakova në Dimer.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view of Gjakova in winter.}} | {{wide image|Gjakova në Dimer.jpg|1200px|Panoramic view of Gjakova in winter.}} | ||
Historical monuments in Gjakova are divided into three main categories based on their ], ] and social context. The core part of the city was created between the Krena River to the east and Cabrati hill to the west. Around the cornerstone of the town, the ] – the center of trade and craftsmanship – was created. By 1900, the bazaar housed around 1000 enterprises. Numerous bridges were built to enable the journey of trade caravans across the neighboring rivers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.balkansgeotourism.travel/content/ura-e-terzive-terzi-or-tailors-bridge-gjakov%C3%AB-%C4%90akovica-kosovo/see12A386E69D6EAD1C3 |title=Ura e Terzive (Terzi or Tailors Bridge), Gjakovë (Đakovica), Kosovo - Western Balkans Geotourism Mapguide |website=www.balkansgeotourism.travel |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221194638/http://www.balkansgeotourism.travel/content/ura-e-terzive-terzi-or-tailors-bridge-gjakov%C3%AB-%C4%90akovica-kosovo/see12A386E69D6EAD1C3 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> With the fast development of trade in the city, several inns were built to host the many visitors. Because of its ancient origins and fast economic development, Gjakova has become of great historical importance.<ref name=ChwB>{{cite web|title=Integrated Conservation|url=http://chwbkosovo.org/|publisher=Cultural Heritage without Borders|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060402194541/http://chwbkosovo.org/|archive-date=2 April 2006}}</ref> | Historical monuments in Gjakova are divided into three main categories based on their ], ] and social context. The core part of the city was created between the ] to the east and Cabrati hill to the west. Around the cornerstone of the town, the ] – the center of trade and craftsmanship – was created. By 1900, the bazaar housed around 1000 enterprises. Numerous bridges were built to enable the journey of trade caravans across the neighboring rivers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.balkansgeotourism.travel/content/ura-e-terzive-terzi-or-tailors-bridge-gjakov%C3%AB-%C4%90akovica-kosovo/see12A386E69D6EAD1C3 |title=Ura e Terzive (Terzi or Tailors Bridge), Gjakovë (Đakovica), Kosovo - Western Balkans Geotourism Mapguide |website=www.balkansgeotourism.travel |access-date=15 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221194638/http://www.balkansgeotourism.travel/content/ura-e-terzive-terzi-or-tailors-bridge-gjakov%C3%AB-%C4%90akovica-kosovo/see12A386E69D6EAD1C3 |archive-date=21 February 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> With the fast development of trade in the city, several inns were built to host the many visitors. Because of its ancient origins and fast economic development, Gjakova has become of great historical importance.<ref name="ChwB">{{cite web|title=Integrated Conservation|url=http://chwbkosovo.org/|publisher=Cultural Heritage without Borders|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060402194541/http://chwbkosovo.org/|archive-date=2 April 2006}}</ref> | ||
] | ] | ||
The ''']''' ''(Çarshia e Madhe)'' in Gjakova is the oldest ] in ], and it served as an Ottoman trading centre and heart of the city economy. It suffered damage during the ] but has since been renovated. The ], built in the 16th century, lies by the bazaar, and includes a highly decorated graveyard, where the city notables were buried. Within the mosque complex were the '']'' which was destroyed in 2008,{{why|date=July 2014}} the "Old library" from 1671, damaged in the ], and also a ''meytepi'' from 1777. The Bazaar is linked to the city centre, just five minutes away via the Islam-Beg Bridge. The bazaar covers an area of about {{convert|35000|m2|abbr=on}} and the length of its main road is 1 km, with about 500 shops situated along it. It is, however, still home to an active mosque, several ]s, and a clocktower.<ref>Broshura për promovimin e Gjakovës,CBDC</ref> | The ''']''' ''(Çarshia e Madhe)'' in Gjakova is the oldest ] in ], and it served as an Ottoman trading centre and heart of the city economy. It suffered damage during the ] but has since been renovated. The ], built in the 16th century, lies by the bazaar, and includes a highly decorated graveyard, where the city notables were buried. Within the mosque complex were the '']'' which was destroyed in 2008,{{why|date=July 2014}} the "Old library" from 1671, damaged in the ], and also a ''meytepi'' from 1777. The Bazaar is linked to the city centre, just five minutes away via the Islam-Beg Bridge. The bazaar covers an area of about {{convert|35000|m2|abbr=on}} and the length of its main road is 1 km, with about 500 shops situated along it. It is, however, still home to an active mosque, several ]s, and a clocktower.<ref>Broshura për promovimin e Gjakovës, CBDC</ref> | ||
] | |||
] | ] | ||
The ''']''', located in the Old Bazaar, built in 1594 by Ottoman architect ] and financed by Hadum Aga. The mosque has played a significant role in the urban character of the city from the 17th to 20th centuries. Its construction was followed by the appearance of the ]smanship around it, which increased the importance of the city. The mosque holds historical value and is viewed of as a ] monument. The great Tekke ("Teqja e Madhe"), built by the end of 16th century by Shejh Suleyman Axhiza Baba, a Sufi mystic from Shkodra. It belongs to the ]. The complex includes ''turbe'' (small ]), ''samahanes'' (ritual prayer-halls), houses and fountains. It is characterized with detailed sacral architecture, with wood-carved elements. | The ''']''', located in the Old Bazaar, built in 1594 by Ottoman architect ] and financed by Hadum Aga. The mosque has played a significant role in the urban character of the city from the 17th to 20th centuries. Its construction was followed by the appearance of the ]smanship around it, which increased the importance of the city. The mosque holds historical value and is viewed of as a ] monument. The great Tekke ("Teqja e Madhe"), built by the end of the 16th century by Shejh Suleyman Axhiza Baba, a Sufi mystic from Shkodra. It belongs to the ]. The complex includes ''turbe'' (small ]), ''samahanes'' (ritual prayer-halls), houses and fountains. It is characterized with detailed sacral architecture, with wood-carved elements. | ||
] | ] | ||
Gjakova is also characterized with two main Catholic Churches, which are part of the cultural heritage. The '''Saint Paul and Saint Peter Church''' (Albanian: Kisha e Shën Palit dhe Shën Pjetrit) is one of the tallest monuments in Gjakova, which can be seen from different points of the city. The arrival of the Albanian Catholics form ] resulted in rejuvenation of Saint Peter's Church in Gjakova in 1703, while in 1851 Gjakova's parish is rejuvenated. In 1999, after the ] it was totally destroyed. In the same site the new cathedral has been built.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://gjakovaportal.com/en/Culture/ArtMID/542/ArticleID/1289735|title=Churches|website=Gjakovaportal.com|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref> | Gjakova is also characterized with two main Catholic Churches, which are part of the cultural heritage. The '''Saint Paul and Saint Peter Church''' (Albanian: Kisha e Shën Palit dhe Shën Pjetrit) is one of the tallest monuments in Gjakova, which can be seen from different points of the city. The arrival of the Albanian Catholics form ] resulted in rejuvenation of Saint Peter's Church in Gjakova in 1703, while in 1851 Gjakova's parish is rejuvenated. In 1999, after the ] it was totally destroyed. In the same site the new cathedral has been built.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web|url=http://gjakovaportal.com/en/Culture/ArtMID/542/ArticleID/1289735|title=Churches|website=Gjakovaportal.com|access-date=2017-08-28}}</ref> | ||
The ''']''', was once called also the church of Padre Mila, who had built it in 1882, but it was later destroyed. In 1931, Padre Lorenc Mazrreku built in the same place the church that exists today, which was renovated few times, adding to it the guestrooms, offices and restrooms, but complying with the original architectural concept.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> | The ''']''', was once called also the church of Padre Mila, who had built it in 1882, but it was later destroyed. In 1931, Padre Lorenc Mazrreku built in the same place the church that exists today, which was renovated few times, adding to it the guestrooms, offices and restrooms, but complying with the original architectural concept.<ref name="ReferenceA" /> | ||
The '''Clock Tower''', built just after the Hadum Mosque at a place known as ''Field of the Clock'', characterizes the rapid economic development of Gjakova at that time. It was destroyed during the ], while the belfry was removed and transported to Montenegro. With sides 4.10m long and a height of about 30 meters, a new clock tower was built later near the foundations of the previous one. Constructed mainly of stone with the wooden observation area and the roof covered in lead, the clock tower is unique of its kind. | The '''Clock Tower''', built just after the Hadum Mosque at a place known as ''Field of the Clock'', characterizes the rapid economic development of Gjakova at that time. It was destroyed during the ], while the belfry was removed and transported to Montenegro. With sides 4.10m long and a height of about 30 meters, a new clock tower was built later near the foundations of the previous one. Constructed mainly of stone with the wooden observation area and the roof covered in lead, the clock tower is unique of its kind. | ||
Line 256: | Line 207: | ||
=== Festivals === | === Festivals === | ||
{{main|Events and festivals in Gjakova}} | {{main|Events and festivals in Gjakova}} | ||
Events and festivals in Gjakova are not as much in numbers, as they are highly valued. The historic city of Gjakova, Kosovo, especially the Old Town, is the hub of many outdoor and indoor festivals, cultural events and street parades. Many of them are seasonal and take place only one time, while others are organised annually for many years by various festival societies. All of them draw interest from the locals and visitors alike. Some of the events are organised by the city, some by private companies as well. | Events and festivals in Gjakova are not as much in numbers, as they are highly valued. The historic city of Gjakova, Kosovo, especially the Old Town, is the hub of many outdoor and indoor festivals, cultural events and street parades. Many of them are seasonal and take place only one time, while others are organised annually for many years by various festival societies. All of them draw interest from the locals and visitors alike. Some of the events are organised by the city, some by private companies as well. | ||
=== Sports === | === Sports === | ||
Apart from being a culture and educative center of the ], Gjakova is also known as a sport center. The best example of this is the fact of having 38 clubs, which compete in all leagues over Kosovo. Gjakova's most successful team is ] which has won 9 titles of ] and 4 Kosovo Cups. "Shani Nushi" is the city's sports hall, which has a capacity of 3500 seats, while the ] has a capacity of 6000 seats.{{cn|date=January 2023}} | |||
== Transport == | |||
Apart from being a culture and educative center of the ], Gjakova is also known as a sport center. The best example of this is the fact of having 38 clubs, which compete in all leagues over Kosovo. | |||
There are lots of infrastructure facilities of railways and platforms which currently are out of function.<ref>{{cite web |title=REGIONAL POLICE DIRECTORATE – GJAKOVA – Policia e Kosovës – Policija Kosova – Kosovo Police - |url=http://www.kosovopolice.com/en/rpd-gjakova |website=Policia e Kosovës – Policija Kosova – Kosovo Police -}}</ref> ] is some 70 kilometres east of Gjakova. It is the only port of entry for air travelers to Kosovo. In northern of the city, there is the ] situated. The airport is expected to become public in the following years, to be used by ] ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |title=Aeroporti i Kosovës në Gjakovë për cargo, çmime të lira dhe trajnime për pilotë |url=http://old.zeri.info/artikulli/23276/aeroporti-i-kosoves-ne-gjakove-per-cargo-cmime-te-lira-dhe-trajnime-per-pilote |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150117181427/http://old.zeri.info/artikulli/23276/aeroporti-i-kosoves-ne-gjakove-per-cargo-cmime-te-lira-dhe-trajnime-per-pilote |archive-date=17 January 2015 |access-date=2017-08-28 |website=Zëri.info}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Aeroporti Gjakovë, news report |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USrw8Ew5m_A |url-status=live |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211212/USrw8Ew5m_A |archive-date=2021-12-12 |access-date=19 December 2014 |work=ABC News}}{{cbignore}}</ref> | |||
Gjakova's most successful team is ] which has won 9 titles of ] and 4 Kosovo Cups. | |||
"Shani Nushi" is the city's sports hall, which has a capacity of 3500 seats, while the ] has a capacity of 6000 seats.{{cn|date=January 2023}} | |||
== International relations == | == International relations == | ||
Line 270: | Line 222: | ||
*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States<ref name=kcrg>{{cite web |title=TV9 travels to Iowa's Sister State Kosovo|url=https://www.kcrg.com/content/news/TV9-travels-to-Iowas-Sister-State-Kosovo-561756301.html|website=kcrg.com|publisher=KCRG|date=2019-10-04|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | *{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States<ref name=kcrg>{{cite web |title=TV9 travels to Iowa's Sister State Kosovo|url=https://www.kcrg.com/content/news/TV9-travels-to-Iowas-Sister-State-Kosovo-561756301.html|website=kcrg.com|publisher=KCRG|date=2019-10-04|access-date=2021-03-09}}</ref> | ||
*{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} | *{{flagicon|USA}} ], United States{{citation needed|date=March 2021}} | ||
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France<ref>{{cite web |
*{{flagicon|FRA}} ], France<ref>{{cite web|title=Binjakëzohen Komuna Lodéve në Francë dhe Komuna e Gjakovës|url=http://www.ambasada-ks.net/fr/?page=1,8,89|website=ambasada-ks.net|publisher=Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Paris|language=sq|date=2013-05-12|access-date=2021-03-09|archive-date=3 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200703103216/http://www.ambasada-ks.net/fr/?page=1,8,89|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
*{{flagicon|ALB}} ], Albania<ref>{{cite web|title=BINIAKËZIME {{!}} Miresevini ne faqen zyrtare te Bashkise Sarande|url=https://bashkiasarande.gov.al/biniakezime/|access-date=2021-09-13|language=sq}}</ref> | *{{flagicon|ALB}} ], Albania<ref>{{cite web|title=BINIAKËZIME {{!}} Miresevini ne faqen zyrtare te Bashkise Sarande|url=https://bashkiasarande.gov.al/biniakezime/|access-date=2021-09-13|language=sq}}</ref> | ||
== |
== Notable people == | ||
*] | * ] | ||
== Notes == | == Notes == |
Latest revision as of 07:07, 22 November 2024
Seventh largest city of KosovoCity and municipality in Kosovo
Gjakova | |
---|---|
City and municipality | |
The city at nightOld BazaarSaint Paul and Saint Peter's Church | |
FlagSeal | |
GjakovaLocation of the town of Gjakova within KosovoShow map of KosovoGjakovaGjakova (Europe)Show map of Europe | |
Coordinates: 42°23′N 20°26′E / 42.383°N 20.433°E / 42.383; 20.433 | |
Country | Kosovo |
District | Gjakova |
Municipality | Gjakova |
Government | |
• Mayor | Ardian Gjini (AAK) |
Area | |
• Municipality | 586.91 km (226.61 sq mi) |
• Rank | 4th in Kosovo |
Elevation | 375 m (1,230 ft) |
Population | |
• Municipality | 78,824 |
• Rank | 6th in Kosovo |
• Density | 130/km (350/sq mi) |
Demonym(s) | Albanian: Gjakovar (m), Gjakovare (f) |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 50000 |
Area code | +381 390 |
Vehicle registration | 07 |
Gjakova or Đakovica is the sixth largest city of Kosovo and seat of the Gjakova Municipality and the Gjakova District. According to the last census of 2024, the municipality of Gjakova has 78,824 inhabitants.
Geographically, it is located in the south-western part of Kosovo, about halfway between the cities of Peja and Prizren. It is approximately 100 km (62 mi) inland from the Adriatic Sea. The city is situated some 208 kilometres (129 mi) north-east of Tirana, 145 kilometres (90 mi) north-west of Skopje, 80 kilometres (50 mi) west of the capital Pristina, 435 kilometres (270 mi) south of Belgrade and 263 kilometres (163 mi) east of Podgorica.
The city of Gjakova has been populated since the prehistoric era. During the Ottoman period, Gjakova served as a trading centre on the route between Shkodra and Constantinople. It was also one of the most developed trade centres at that time in the Balkans.
Etymology
The Albanian name for the city is Gjakova. There are several theories on the origin of the village name, such as from the personal name Jakov, a variant of Jacob; the Serbian word đak (pupil); or from the Albanian word for "blood" (gjak).
The "Jakov theory" derives its name from Jakov, a little known nobleman in the service of lord Vuk Branković who founded and ruled the city, and whose coins have been found, signed "Jakov". According to local Albanians, the name was derived from the name Jak (Jakov), with the village name meaning "Jakov's field".
History
Ottoman Period
Gjakova was mentioned as a village with a market in the 1485 Ottoman defter, and had 54 households. The local Albanians developed it into a town in the 16th century. It has been a settlement with an ethnic Albanian majority since its foundation, having grown around the founding structures built by Hadim Suleyman Efendi, a politically important local Albanian. Edith Durham noted that Gjakova was founded by members of the Albanian Mërturi tribe in the 15th-16th centuries, specifically by the families of two men descended from Bitush Mërturi - Vula and Mërtur. The descendants of the Vula family were still present during the time of her visit to Albania in the first decade of the 20th century.
In the Ottoman defter (tax registry) of 1485, Gjakova was a village with 67 households. In the 17th century, Katip Çelebi and Evliya Çelebi mention this place as Jakovičse, with 2000 houses and 300 shops. During the early period of Ottoman rule, Gjakova and the Gjakova Municipality were part of the Nahiya of Altun-ili. Most of the villages in the Nahiya of Altun-ili were dominated by inhabitants with Albanian anthroponomy. This is seen by Selami Pulaha as an indication that during the 15th century (as supported by Ottoman defters), the lands between Junik and Gjakova were inhabited by a dominant ethnic Albanian majority. In the 1571 and 1591 Ottoman defters, the majority of the inhabitants of Gjakova as a settlement itself were recorded with Albanian anthroponomy; Albanian onomastics prevailed over Slavic onomastics.
In the year 1638, the Archbishop of Bar, Gjergj Bardhi, reported that Gjakova had 320 Muslim homes, 20 Catholic homes and 20 Orthodox homes, and wrote that the region is inhabited by Albanians and that the Albanian language is spoken there.
The city had developed into an Ottoman trade center on the Shkodra–Istanbul route, with the marketplace being by the Hadum Mosque, built in 1594 by Mimar Sinan, financed by Hadum Aga. Evliya Çelebi mentioned it as a city in 1662, and described it as a flourishing and attractive town with 2,000 houses built of stone with roofs and gardens. The public buildings were situated on a broad plain and included two richly adorned congregational mosques, several prayer-houses, some inns with leaden roofs, a delightful bath-house (hamam), and about 300 shops like nightingale-nests. Between 3–6 September 1878, heavy fighting took place in Gjakovë between the nationalist Albanian League of Prizren and the Ottoman Empire. In the ensuing fight, 280 Ottoman soldiers were killed, including 2 Pashas, and a further 300 were wounded.
In May 1845, following Mustafa Reşid Pasha's outlawing of the right to bear arms, 2,000 rebels from the Gjakova region, and the Gjakova Highlander tribes of Krasniqi, Gashi and Bytyçi rose in revolt. The rebels, about 8,000 men, drove the Ottoman garrison out of Gjakova. The Ottomans suppressed the rebellion, but did not succeed in establishing effective control of the region.
In 1862 the Ottomans sent Maxharr Pasha with 12 divisions to implement the Tanzimat Reforms in the Highlands of Gjakova. Under the leadership of Mic Sokoli and Binak Alia, the tribes of Krasniqi, Gashi, Bytyçi and Nikaj-Mertur organized a resistance near Bujan. The rebels were reinforced by the forces of Shala, led by Mark Lula. After heavy fighting, they managed to defeat the Ottoman force and expel them from the highlands.
Local Albanian leaders, such as Sulejman Aga of Botushë, organised resistance and movements for independence against the Ottomans throughout the 19th-20th centuries; in one such uprising, 5,000-6,000 Albanian fighters led by Sulejman Aga Batusha, gathered outside of Gjakova and attacked the garrison in an attempt to enter the city. In 1904, 10 Ottoman battalions accompanied by artillery were sent to Gjakova in order to quell the uprising. Shemsi Pasha and the Ottomans were then ordered to estimate the livestock possessions and to enforce heavy taxes upon the local Albanians in response to the uprising, and the hostilities were accompanied by the forcible collection of taxes from the local population and the destruction of entire villages in the Gjakova region by Ottoman forces; Upon arriving to Botusha, Shemsi Pasha, with five battalions and numerous artillery pieces, began bombarding the houses. The Ottomans were met by 300 Albanian resistance fighters led by Sulejman Aga Batusha. The resistance fighters had 35 dead or wounded, but the Ottomans lost more than 80 soldiers. Another 300 Albanian fighters arrived and surrounded the Ottoman force but could not yet finish them as the Ottomans were numerically-superior and were positioned well with cannons. 2,000 Albanian tribesmen would eventually gather to fight the Turks, and the Ottoman government sent 18 more battalions accompanied by artillery to quell this new uprising; Shkup's Vali, Shakir Pasha, also went to Gjakova. A series of ensuing battles followed in the Gjakova region, resulting in the deaths of more than 900 Ottoman soldiers as well as 2 bimbashis and a dozen officers, whereas the Albanians suffered only 170 dead or wounded. Shakir Pasha was thereby ordered to stand down.
Modern Period
Gjakova suffered greatly from the Serbian and Montenegrin armies during the First Balkan War. The New York Times reported in 1912, citing Austro-Hungarian sources, that people on the gallows hanged on both sides of the road, and that the way to Gjakova became a "gallows alley." In the region of Gjakova, the Montenegrin military police formed the Royal Gendarmerie Corps (Kraljevski žandarmerijski kor), known as krilaši, which committed much abuse and violence against the non-Orthodox Christian population. The mass hanging of Albanian civilians in 1914 by the Serbo-Montenegrin army and the killing of Catholic priest Luigj Palaj were some of the most reported wartime events which took place in Gjakova.
Serbian priests forcibly converted Albanian Catholics to Serbian Orthodoxy. According to a 20 March 1913 Neue Freie Presse article, Orthodox priests and the military converted 300 Gjakova Catholics to the Orthodox faith; Franciscan Pater Angelus, who refused to renounce his faith, was tortured and killed with bayonets. The History Institute in Pristina reported that Montenegro converted over 1,700 Albanian Catholics to the Serbian Orthodox faith in the Gjakova region in March 1913. Albert von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein told Edward Grey in a 10 March 1912 interview that Serbian soldiers behaved in a "barbarous way" toward Muslim and Catholic Albanians in Gjakova. During World War II, when Kosovo was made a part of Greater Albania under Italian rule and later under German control, Serbs were persecuted by Albanian paramilitaries. A large number of killings of Serbs took place in 1941 in the district of Gjakova.
In 1953–56, a systematic campaign of police repression was conducted throughout Kosovo with the goal to force Albanians to leave the region. The first protest against the Yugoslav police which involved the unfurling of the banned Albanian national flag was held in Gjakova on May Day, 1956. This protest was soon followed by other protests which involved high school and university students who unfurled the Albanian flag in Yugoslavia. A total of 19 Albanians were assassinated by the Yugoslav secret police in Gjakova in these events.
In the events of the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the Union of Independent Trade Unions of Kosova (BSPK) was created in 1990. BSPK's members took pride in their large grassroots participation which reached 14,900 workers. The BSPK founding congress was held in Gjakova and despite gaining a permission to be legally held, the police broke it up during its second day. The city was badly affected by the Kosovo War, suffering great physical destruction and large-scale human losses and human rights abuses. In the rural locality of Meja, just 4 km outside Gjakova's city center, the mass killing of at least 377 Albanian males between the ages of 16 and 60 took place on April 27, 1999, by the Serbian police. It is the largest massacre of the Kosovo War. Many of the bodies of the victims were found in the Batajnica mass graves. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia has convicted several Serbian army and police officers for their involvement. Actions on the ground had a devastating effect on the city. According to the ICTY, OSCE, and international human rights organisations, about 75% of the population was expelled by Serbian police and paramilitaries as well as Yugoslav forces, while many civilians were killed in the process. Large areas of the city were destroyed, chiefly through arson and looting but also in the course of localised fighting between government security forces and members of the KLA. The actions of the government forces in Gjakova formed a major part of the United Nations war crimes indictment of the then-President Slobodan Milošević. Yugoslav units were stationed in and near the city in two barracks due to the risk of an attack by the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) from across the border in Albania. In one incident, NATO aircraft misidentified a convoy of Albanian refugees and attacked it.
Most of the Albanian population returned following the end of the war. After that much of the town was rebuilt. Many Albanians viewed the Roma population as participants in war crimes and collaborators in acts of state repression. The Romani neighbourhood of Gjakova (Brekoc) was targeted and parts of it burnt down in mid-1999, about 600 Roma were moved to a refugee camp outside the town and as a result of political violence 15 were reportedly killed or missing by August 1999. The majority of the Serbian population, numbering 3,000, fled Gjakova in June 1999 with only five Serbs remaining, living under guard by KFOR troops at a local Serbian Orthodox Church. In 2004, the last five remaining Serbs were expelled from Gjakova with the local Serbian Orthodox Church being destroyed by ethnic Albanians during rioting as part of the March unrest in Kosovo. About 15 Serbs had returned to Gjakova by the 2011 census.
Geography
Gjakova is located in the south-western part of Kosovo. To the north-east of the city, the west Kosovan plain of Metohija opens, while in the south-west the peak of Accursed Mountains rises. The city is also situated at the entrance to the Erenik Valley, where the river Krena flows from the north to the Erenik mountain stream. After a few kilometers, it flows into the White Drin, the longest river in Kosovo. To the west of Gjakova lie the Gjakova Highlands, and to the north-east of the city is the Dushkaja region.
Climate
Gjakova has a Humid subtropical climate (Cfa) as of the Köppen climate classification with an average annual temperature of 11.5 °C (52.7 °F). The warmest month in Gjakova is August with an average temperature of 22.5 °C (72.5 °F), while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of 0.7 °C (33.3 °F).
Demography
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1948 | 39,998 | — |
1953 | 44,415 | +11.0% |
1961 | 53,270 | +19.9% |
1971 | 71,374 | +34.0% |
1981 | 92,303 | +29.3% |
1991 | 115,097 | +24.7% |
2011 | 94,556 | −17.8% |
2024 | 78,824 | −16.6% |
Source: |
According to the 2024 census, the total population of the municipality is 78,824, of which 39,288 (49.84%) are males and 39,536 (50.16%) are females.
According to the 2011 census, the resident population was 94,556, of which urban inhabitants numbered 40,827 and rural 53,729; there were 47,226 males and 47,330 females. The ethnic groups include Albanians (87,672), Balkan Egyptians (5,117), Roma (738), Ashkali (613), and smaller numbers of Bosniaks (73), Serbs (17), Turks (16), Gorani (13) and others. Based on those that answered, the religious make-up was 77,299 Muslims, 16,296 Roman Catholics, 22 Orthodox Christians, 142 others, and 129 irreligious. Based on the population estimates from the Kosovo Agency of Statistics in 2016, the municipality has 95,433 inhabitants. According to OSCE estimations, before the Kosovo War of 1999 the municipality had a population of about 145,000, of which 93% were Kosovo Albanians and 7% non-majority communities, including some 3,000 Serbs, who mostly lived in Gjakova itself.
In 2021 Dragica Gasic, the first Serb returnee since the end of the Kosovo War in 1999 returned to her former apartment in Gjakova. Despite being legally allowed to return to her property by the Kosovo Property Agency, her return was marred by threats of violence and harassment from her ethnic-Albanian neighbors.
Gjakova is characterized by two Catholic Churches and Mosques, which are part of the cultural heritage of the city.Kosovo does not have an official religion. As the rest of the country, the majority of Gjakova's population consider themselves Muslim. The minority of Gjakova's religious population that is not Muslim practices Christianity in the form of Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy. According to the census of 2011, the prominent religion is Islam, including 81.75% of the population, while 17.23% is Roman Catholic Christian, 0.02% Orthodox Christian and 1% other. Religious communities have educational institutions for their needs organized in accordance with applicable law.
Christianity has been around in Gjakova for a long time, going back all the way to the time of the Roman Empire. Islam in Gjakova began to be spread very early, during the Ottoman Rule.
Most Catholics live in the Rruga e Katolikëve street, where the two main churches are, and others in villages. The Muslims, living in other parts of the city and in most villages, have been encouraging the building of mosques, which could have counted about 10–15 buildings during the centuries.
Economy
Gjakova built an economy based on farming and agriculture, lower trade and some types of manufacturing workshops which mainly produce for the needs of city-based products as imported cases. After World War II, Gjakova has built an economy based on industry and agriculture but also in the service sector. Nowadays, these subsequent shifts in transitional societies are escorted with shifts in the economic structure of the city. Therefore, Gjakova has an economic structure that is based on two pillars: in the private business sector and social business sector which is currently being privatized. Private business sector is in expansion and the main indicators qualify it as the main component of Gjakova's economy.
According to official sources identified in the Ministry of Trade and Industry, by the end of 2005 there were about 3,200 registered businesses that exercise activity in different areas of Gjakova, such as enterprise manufacturing, construction, service, trade, catering, craft, transportation, information technology, etc. Social economy in 1989 has counted 45 companies that have employed 18,640 workers. In non-economic activities (education, health, culture, government institutions, banks, etc.) there were employed 4000 workers. Furthermore, they also developed the private economy – where in 2010 approximately 920 employees were registered in the business entities. The economy of the municipality of Gjakova suffered mostly during the economic sanctions and the mass violence done by Serbian forces during the war. The situation further during NATO's intervention as a result of the destructive actions of multiple military and police forces, which have stood and operated in the economic enterprise facilities. This meant that during their withdrawal, these Serbian forces robbed, looted and destroyed most of the assets, inventories, transportation machines, etc. The losses that were done in the social economy as a result of the war were approximately 190 million DEM, whereas in the private economy around 100 million DEM.
According to official data, in 2006, there were 581 registered small and medium enterprises, in 2008 there were 3,120 such registered businesses, while in 2012 their number had reached 4,120. Gjakova currently has 12,000 people employed, in both the public and private sector, mostly in the latter. Although unemployment is high, there is a gradual increase of employment over the years according to data from the Kosovo Ministry of Work and Social Wellbeing. According to government statistics, in 2010, 40,000 people were registered as unemployed, while in 2011 this number decreased to 30,000 and in 2012 to 15,000. 30,000 people in Gjakova receive social assistance. This category includes poor families, people with disabilities, families of war veterans/victims and the retired.
Potential industry sectors in the municipality of Gjakova are:
- Metal industry, which produces metal ropes, nails, galvanized pipes, profiles of metal adhesive bandages. The existing industry also the production of electro motors for washing machines, engines for industrial applications, motors for hermetic compressors, finger jointed and Teflon containers, chimneys, elbows, enameled pots, technical gases, and chrome concentrate.
- Textile industry, which produced cotton spinning, cotton fabrics, artificial leather, underwear, lingerie costume for men, and different types of fabric (specifically jeans), etc.
- Chemical industry, involves production of the shampoo for domestic and industrial use and other chemical products which are used for household hygiene.
- Food industry, is mainly known with the production of flour, bread, eggs, pasta, chocolate, high quality wines, and fresh meat.
- Construction industry, Gjakova is also known for its construction materials industry, which involves the production of bricks, blocks, tiles, doors and windows, briquette, wooden cottages in the global level (log Houses ) and also the production of asphalt, fresh concrete, concrete slabs, and concrete pipes.
The municipal budget of Gjakova was subsidised by donations from USAID, CDF, Austrian Office in Kosovo, the European Commission and others, which over the past four years have done capital investments to the amount of €25 million: €5.4 million in 2010; €6.3m in 2011; €6.7m in 2012; €6.6m in 2013.
The capital investments in the municipality of Gjakova are mainly focused on the regulation of roads including the rehabilitation, pavement and partially their lighting. However, investments for the expansion of the sewage system and the regulation of the canalization remain insufficient. The total amount of funds that are available to the municipality of Gjakova during a year for capital investments lies somewhere over 6 million euros.
Dominated by small family businesses, retail stores, cafeterias and providers of basic services, the private sector of Gjakova remains weak. It makes up only 5.5 percent of all businesses registered in Kosovo. According to the Tax Administration Office in Gjakova, 88 to 93 percent of active businesses are businesses with a single owner, five to ten percent are businesses with limited liability and the remaining two percent are large businesses. As in any other place in Kosovo, more than 90 percent of the sector consists of small family businesses which cannot create growth with added value. Only 2 out of 53 studied businesses in the centre of Gjakova declared not having employed any relative.
Gjakova's private sector, as in other places of Kosovo, is dominated by small businesses which hire 1–5 employees in activities with small added value, such as wholesale and retail, or other service activities such as restaurants and hotels. Wholesale and retail represent 50.5 percent of registered businesses. Other sectors include hotels and restaurants (10.2 percent), production (9.7 percent), transport and communication (7.8 percent), construction (4.2 percent) and agriculture (1.7 percent) among others.
Outside of the city's centre, Gjakova's private sector is characterized by ex-social ventures. Only one of the 15 privatized social ventures and one of the two ventures with common shares are completely functional. Both ventures have to do with construction. One of them is "Dukagjini" with 109 employees, which is one of the biggest private employers in Gjakova today. The other venture is "NIKI-S" which at present has 279 employees and is considered the biggest company in Gjakova's municipality.
Education
Gjakova has a long tradition of education since the beginning of civil life. According to the Gjakova tradition the Hadim Aga library was so rich in books so it was said "Who wants to see the Kaaba, let them visit the library of Hadim Aga". The library had a reading room on the ground floor and the shelf with books upstairs.
According to some data, schools with Albanian as a language of instruction in the territory of Gjakova were opened before 1840. The Albanian intellectuals from the city, that were educated in the most important educational centers of the Ottoman Empire, had a special role in opening of schools in Albanian during the Albanian National Movement.
A particular role in enriching the educational tradition in the region of Gjakova and beyond was the opening of religious schools, initially schools, later the madrasas.
The city has become an important university town. Today in the municipality of Gjakova, there is also a large number of primary and secondary schools, in the public sector, as well as in the private sector. The education system is organized in many schools and in the separate physical activity classes. During 2004, there was development respectively. There has been an increase in the number of private institutions, especially at the preschool level, but also in primary and secondary education.
The University of Gjakova Fehmi Agani, is one of the newest public universities in Kosovo. The university began operating on 1 October 2013. In 2014, the Gjakova Summer School for Entrepreneurship were opened in the city.
Culture
Main article: Culture of Gjakova Panoramic view of Gjakova in winter.Historical monuments in Gjakova are divided into three main categories based on their cultural, religious and social context. The core part of the city was created between the Krena River to the east and Cabrati hill to the west. Around the cornerstone of the town, the Old Bazaar – the center of trade and craftsmanship – was created. By 1900, the bazaar housed around 1000 enterprises. Numerous bridges were built to enable the journey of trade caravans across the neighboring rivers. With the fast development of trade in the city, several inns were built to host the many visitors. Because of its ancient origins and fast economic development, Gjakova has become of great historical importance.
The Old or Grand Bazaar (Çarshia e Madhe) in Gjakova is the oldest bazaar in Kosovo, and it served as an Ottoman trading centre and heart of the city economy. It suffered damage during the Kosovo War but has since been renovated. The Hadum Mosque, built in the 16th century, lies by the bazaar, and includes a highly decorated graveyard, where the city notables were buried. Within the mosque complex were the hamam which was destroyed in 2008, the "Old library" from 1671, damaged in the Kosovo War, and also a meytepi from 1777. The Bazaar is linked to the city centre, just five minutes away via the Islam-Beg Bridge. The bazaar covers an area of about 35,000 m (380,000 sq ft) and the length of its main road is 1 km, with about 500 shops situated along it. It is, however, still home to an active mosque, several türbes, and a clocktower.
The Hadum Mosque, located in the Old Bazaar, built in 1594 by Ottoman architect Mimar Sinan and financed by Hadum Aga. The mosque has played a significant role in the urban character of the city from the 17th to 20th centuries. Its construction was followed by the appearance of the craftsmanship around it, which increased the importance of the city. The mosque holds historical value and is viewed of as a sacred monument. The great Tekke ("Teqja e Madhe"), built by the end of the 16th century by Shejh Suleyman Axhiza Baba, a Sufi mystic from Shkodra. It belongs to the Saadi order of Sufism. The complex includes turbe (small mausoleums), samahanes (ritual prayer-halls), houses and fountains. It is characterized with detailed sacral architecture, with wood-carved elements.
Gjakova is also characterized with two main Catholic Churches, which are part of the cultural heritage. The Saint Paul and Saint Peter Church (Albanian: Kisha e Shën Palit dhe Shën Pjetrit) is one of the tallest monuments in Gjakova, which can be seen from different points of the city. The arrival of the Albanian Catholics form Malesia resulted in rejuvenation of Saint Peter's Church in Gjakova in 1703, while in 1851 Gjakova's parish is rejuvenated. In 1999, after the War it was totally destroyed. In the same site the new cathedral has been built.
The Saint Ndou Church, was once called also the church of Padre Mila, who had built it in 1882, but it was later destroyed. In 1931, Padre Lorenc Mazrreku built in the same place the church that exists today, which was renovated few times, adding to it the guestrooms, offices and restrooms, but complying with the original architectural concept.
The Clock Tower, built just after the Hadum Mosque at a place known as Field of the Clock, characterizes the rapid economic development of Gjakova at that time. It was destroyed during the Balkan Wars, while the belfry was removed and transported to Montenegro. With sides 4.10m long and a height of about 30 meters, a new clock tower was built later near the foundations of the previous one. Constructed mainly of stone with the wooden observation area and the roof covered in lead, the clock tower is unique of its kind.
Festivals
Main article: Events and festivals in GjakovaEvents and festivals in Gjakova are not as much in numbers, as they are highly valued. The historic city of Gjakova, Kosovo, especially the Old Town, is the hub of many outdoor and indoor festivals, cultural events and street parades. Many of them are seasonal and take place only one time, while others are organised annually for many years by various festival societies. All of them draw interest from the locals and visitors alike. Some of the events are organised by the city, some by private companies as well.
Sports
Apart from being a culture and educative center of the Kosovo, Gjakova is also known as a sport center. The best example of this is the fact of having 38 clubs, which compete in all leagues over Kosovo. Gjakova's most successful team is KF Vëllaznimi which has won 9 titles of Kosovar Superliga and 4 Kosovo Cups. "Shani Nushi" is the city's sports hall, which has a capacity of 3500 seats, while the Gjakova City Stadium has a capacity of 6000 seats.
Transport
There are lots of infrastructure facilities of railways and platforms which currently are out of function. Pristina International Airport is some 70 kilometres east of Gjakova. It is the only port of entry for air travelers to Kosovo. In northern of the city, there is the Gjakova Airport situated. The airport is expected to become public in the following years, to be used by low-cost commercial airlines and cargo flights.
International relations
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in KosovoGjakova is twinned with:
- Fort Dodge, United States
- Jamestown, United States
- Lodève, France
- Saranda, Albania
Notable people
Notes
- Gjakova is known as Gjakovë (Albanian definite form: Gjakova, pronounced [ɟaˈkovə]) and Đakovica (Serbian Cyrillic: Ђаковица, pronounced [ˈdʑakoʋitsa])
References
- "Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2024.
- "Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2024.
- Никола Чупић (1898). Годишњица Николе Чупића. Штампа Државне штампарије Краљевине Југославије. p. 151.
- ^ Зборник Матице српске за ликовне уметности. Матица. 1990.
... господару овог места Јакову, вазалу Вука Бранковића Сачувано је и неколико примерака новца са натписом "Јаков", који је овај властелин ковао. У турском попису из 1485. уписано је ово место као "село Ђаковица" са 67 домова међу којима је и дом "попа сина Вукашина". Хаџи Калфа и Евлија Челебија у XVII веку помињу ово место као "Јаковичсе" са 2000 кућа и 300 дућана ..
- Zapisi. Cetinjsko istorijsko društvo. 1928.
Арбанаси мештани пак кажу да је име Ђаковица дошло од имена Јак (Јаков) и ова што значи поље, те би Јакова значило Ја- ковљево поље. У арбанашком језику Ђаковица се и зове Јакова, а •не Ђакова и Ђаковица.
- Pulaha, Selami (1974). Defteri i Regjistrimit të Sanxhakut të Shkodrës i Vitit 1485. Tirana: Akadamia e Shkencave. pp. 210–211.
- Anscombe, Frederick F. (2006). "The Ottoman Empire in recent international politics – II: the case of Kosovo" Archived 14 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine, The International History Review 28 (4) 758–793.
- Kiel, Machiel (1990). Ottoman Architecture in Albania, 1385-1912. Islamic art series. Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. p. 21.
The important and wholly Albanian town of Djakovo, situated just outside the present artificial frontiers of the country, arose in the nineties of the 16th century around the pious foundations of Hadim Süleyman Efendi, a local Albanian who had risen to a position of great honour at the Istanbul court.
- Anscombe, Frederick (2006). "The Ottoman Empire in recent international politics II: the case of Kosovo" (PDF). The International History Review. 28 (4): 785. doi:10.1080/07075332.2006.9641103. S2CID 154724667.
- Elsie, Robert (24 April 2015). The Tribes of Albania: History, Society and Culture. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 158. ISBN 9780857725868.
- Valentini, Giuseppe (1956). Il Diritto delle Comunità - Nella Tradizione Giuridica Albanese. Florence: Vallecchi Editore. pp. 316–317.
- Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI. Tirana: 8 Nëntori. pp. 93–94, 103.
- Pulaha, Selami (1984). Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve XV XVI. Tirana: 8 Nëntori. pp. 509, 103.
- Popullsia Shqiptare e Kosoves Gjate Shekujve p. 489
- Elsie, Robert (2004). Historical dictionary of Kosova. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, Inc. ISBN 0-8108-5309-4.
- Theodor Ippen (1916), Robert Elsie (ed.), Nineteenth-Century Albanian History, translated by Robert Elsie, archived from the original on 8 January 2013
- Hannes Grandits; Nathalie Clayer; Robert Pichler (2011), Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans: The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-Building, Library of Ottoman Studies, vol. 28, Tauris Academic Studies, p. 196, ISBN 978-1848854772
- Malaj, 2003, p.72
- Anamali, Skënder (2002). Historia e popullit shqiptar: Rilindja kombëtare : vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912. Tiranë: Botimet Toena. p. 313. ISBN 9789992716236.
- Anamali, Skënder (2002). Historia e popullit shqiptar: Rilindja kombëtare : vitet 30 të shek. XIX-1912. Tiranë: Botimet Toena. pp. 314, 560. ISBN 9789992716236.
- Tako, Piro (1984). Shahin Kolonja (YPI): jeta dhe veprimtaria atdhetare e publicistike. Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori". p. 150.
- Haskaj, Zihni (1971). Mendimi politik e shoqëror i Rilindjes Kombëtare Shqiptare. Akademia e Shkencave e RP të Shqipërise. p. 467.
- Schirò, Giuseppe (1904). Gli Albanesi e la questione Balkanica. Ferd. Bideri. p. 516.
- Schirò, Giuseppe (1904). Gli Albanesi e la questione Balkanica. Ferd. Bideri. pp. 515–516.
- "Servian army left a trail of blood" (PDF). The New York Times. 31 December 1912.
- "Krilaši", Istorijski leksikon Crne Gore, Podgorica: Daily Press, 2006
- Carmichael, Cathie (2018). "Culture, resistance and violence: guarding the Habsburg Ostgrenze with Montenegro in 1914" (PDF). European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire. 25 (5): 705–723. doi:10.1080/13507486.2018.1474179. S2CID 149668448.
- Nadj, Danijela. "Medjunarodni znanstveni skup "Jugoistocna Europa 1918.-1995." Albanci u svjetlosti vanjske politike Srbije". Archived from the original on 25 June 2001. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- Hajrullaaga, Edmond. "chapter 2". Archived from the original on 31 October 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
- Great Britain Foreign Office (1934). The Balkan wars. pt. 1. The prelude; the Tripoli war. pt. 2. The league and Turkey. H.M. Stationery Office. p. 569. Retrieved 30 December 2019.
- Antonijević, Nenad (2009). Албански злочини над Србима на Косову и Метохији у Другом светском рату, документа (PDF). Muzej žrtava genocida. p. 38. ISBN 9788690632992.
- Clark 2000, p. 38.
- Clark 2000, p. 74.
- Jones, Adam (2006). Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction. Routledge. p. 330. ISBN 9781134259809.
- Haxhiaj, Serbeze; Stojanovic, Milica (2020). "Evidence Reveals Serbian Officers' Role in Kosovo Massacre was Ignored". Balkan Insight.
- "UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo – 6. Djakovica Municipality". Hrw.org. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "OSCE". Osce.org. Archived from the original on 22 February 2004. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "Indictment" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- Abrahams, Fred; Ward, Benjamin (2001). Under Orders War Crimes in Kosovo. Human Rights Watch. p. 531. ISBN 9781564322647.
- Failure to Protect: Anti-Minority Violence in Kosovo, March 2004 (16 ed.). Human Rights Watch. 2004. p. 52.
- Failure to Protect: Anti-Minority Violence in Kosovo, March 2004 (16 ed.). Human Rights Watch. 2004. p. 53.
- "2011 Kosovo census". pop-stat.mashke.org.
- ^ "Climate: Gjakova". Climate-Data. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
- "Population and housing census in Kosovo preliminary results - July 2024" (PDF). Retrieved 21 July 2024.
- ^ "Të dhënat demografike sipas komunave" (PDF). Statistics Agency of Kosovo. April 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
- OSCE "Mission in Kosovo: Municipal profile of Đakovica". Archived from the original on 11 October 2014., November 2005. Retrieved on 13 November 2007.
- Bislimi, Bekim; Cvetkovic, Ljudmila; Heil, Andy (8 July 2021). "'We Don't Allow Serbs': Kosovar City's First Serb Returnee Reopens Wartime Wounds". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- Bami, Xhorxhina (28 July 2021). "Kosovo's Most Famous Serb Returnee Suffers Break-In". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- "Të dhënat kryesore demografike sipas komunave" (PDF). Esk.rks-gov.net. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "Komuna Gjakove - Ekonomia". Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ^ "Mbijetesa e qytetit të harruar". Zeri.info. Archived from the original on 1 March 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "Letërnjoftimi i Komunës së Gjakovës" (PDF). Institutigao.org. 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "IKS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 9 March 2014.
- ^ "Education of Gjakova". Gjakovaportal.com. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "University of Gjakova "Fehmi Agani" – new.euforia-kosovo.com". euforia-kosovo.com.
- "Frontpage – GjakovaSummerSchool". GjakovaSummerSchool.
- "Ura e Terzive (Terzi or Tailors Bridge), Gjakovë (Đakovica), Kosovo - Western Balkans Geotourism Mapguide". www.balkansgeotourism.travel. Archived from the original on 21 February 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
- "Integrated Conservation". Cultural Heritage without Borders. Archived from the original on 2 April 2006.
- Broshura për promovimin e Gjakovës, CBDC
- ^ "Churches". Gjakovaportal.com. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "REGIONAL POLICE DIRECTORATE – GJAKOVA – Policia e Kosovës – Policija Kosova – Kosovo Police -". Policia e Kosovës – Policija Kosova – Kosovo Police -.
- "Aeroporti i Kosovës në Gjakovë për cargo, çmime të lira dhe trajnime për pilotë". Zëri.info. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- "Aeroporti Gjakovë, news report". ABC News. Archived from the original on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
- "TV9 travels to Iowa's Sister State Kosovo". kcrg.com. KCRG. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- "Binjakëzohen Komuna Lodéve në Francë dhe Komuna e Gjakovës". ambasada-ks.net (in Albanian). Ambasada e Republikës së Kosovës në Paris. 12 May 2013. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
- "BINIAKËZIME | Miresevini ne faqen zyrtare te Bashkise Sarande" (in Albanian). Retrieved 13 September 2021.
Sources
- Clark, Howard (2000). Civil Resistance in Kosovo. Pluto Press. ISBN 0745315690.
External links
- kk.rks-gov.net/gjakove – Official Website (in Albanian)
Municipalities of Kosovo | ||
---|---|---|
District of Ferizaj | ||
District of Gjakova | ||
District of Gjilan | ||
District of Mitrovica | ||
District of Peja | ||
District of Pristina | ||
District of Prizren |