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{{Short description|English Catholic prelate (1905–1975)}}
{{for|the 19th-century boxer|John Camel Heenan}}
{{redirect|Cardinal Heenan}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2022}}
{{Infobox Christian leader {{Infobox Christian leader
| type = cardinal | type = cardinal
| honorific-prefix = <small>]</small><br />] | honorific-prefix = ]
| name = John Carmel Heenan | name = John Carmel Heenan
| honorific-suffix = | honorific-suffix =
| title = ] | title = ] <br>]
| image = | image = John Heenan.jpg
| caption = John ] Heenan
| caption =
| province = ] | province = ]
| archdiocese = ] | diocese = ]
| enthroned = 1963 | appointed = 2 September 1963
| ended = 7 November 1975 | term_end = 7 November 1975
| predecessor = ] | predecessor = ]
| successor = ] | successor = ]
| other_post = ]
| ordination = 6 July 1930 (])
| ordination = 6 July 1930
⚫ | consecration = 27 January 1951 (])
| ordained_by = ]
⚫ | consecration = 27 January 1951
| consecrated_by = William Godfrey, ] and ]
| cardinal = 22 February 1965 | cardinal = 22 February 1965
| created_cardinal_by = ]
| rank = ] ''of ]''
| rank = Cardinal-Priest
| other_post = ] 1957-63; ] 1951-57
| previous_post = {{unbulleted list|] (1951–1957)|] (1957–1963)}}
| birth_name = | birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date|1905|01|26|df=yes}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1905|01|26|df=yes}}
| birthplace = ], ] | birth_place = ], ]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1975|11|07|1905|01|26|df=yes}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1975|11|07|1905|01|26|df=yes}}
| deathplace = ], ] | death_place = London, England
| buried = ] | buried = ]
| nationality = ]] | nationality = British
| religion = ] | religion = ]
| residence = | residence =
| motto = ''Sub umbra carmeli''
| parents = James Carmel Heenan and Anne Pilkington
| spouse = | spouse =
| children = | children =
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| profession = | profession =
| alma_mater = | alma_mater =
| coat_of_arms = Coat of Arms of John Heenan.svg
| signature = | signature =
}} }}

'''John Carmel Heenan''' (26 January 1905&ndash;7 November 1975) was an ] ] of the ]. He served as ] from 1963 until his death, and was elevated to the ] in 1965.<ref>{{cite web |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=John Carmel Heenan |url=http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-h.htm#Heenan |work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |accessdate=2009-04-09 }}</ref> '''John Carmel Heenan''' (26 January 1905 – 7 November 1975) was a senior-ranking English ] of the ]. He served as ] from 1963 until his death, and was elevated to the ] in 1965.<ref>{{cite web |last=Miranda |first=Salvador |title=John Carmel Heenan |url=http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1965.htm#Heenan |work=The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church |access-date=2009-04-09 |archive-date=28 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170328223523/http://www2.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1965.htm#Heenan |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Biography== ==Biography==

===Early life and ordination=== ===Early life and ordination===
John Heenan was born in ], ], as the youngest of the four children of the ] John and Anne (née Pilkington) Heenan. He auditioned for ] ] at age 9, but ] rejected him for his "metallic voice".<ref>Diocese of Westminster. 11 January 2005</ref> Heenan studied at ] in ], ] in ], and the ] in ] before being ] to the ] on 6 July 1930. He then did ] work in ] until 1947, at which time he became ] of the Catholic Missionary Society of ]. In this position, Heenan criticized the ] for being too concerned about ], and not enough about spiritual matters.<ref>Time Magazine. 12 June 1950</ref> By this time he had published a biography (1943) of ], Archbishop of Westminster, who had recently died. John Heenan was born in ], ], the youngest of four children of ] parents John and Anne Heenan (née Pilkington). He auditioned for ] ] at age 9, but ] rejected him for his "metallic voice".<ref>Diocese of Westminster. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930221938/http://www.rcdow.org.uk/cardinal/default.asp?library_ref=1&content_ref=14 |date=30 September 2007 }} 11 January 2005</ref> Heenan studied at ] in ], ] in ], and the ] in Rome before being ] to the priesthood on 6 July 1930. He then did ] work in ] until 1947, at which time he became ] of the Catholic Missionary Society of ]. In this position, Heenan criticized the United States for being too concerned about communism, and not enough about spiritual matters.<ref>Time Magazine. 12 June 1950</ref> By this time he had published a biography (1943) of ], Archbishop of Westminster, who had recently died.


===Bishop=== ===Bishop===
On 27 January 1951, Heenan was appointed ] by ]. Heenan received his ] on the following 12 March from ], with Bishops ] and ] serving as ]. Named the sixth ] on 2 May 1957, Heenan was later appointed the eighth ] on 2 September 1963. As Archbishop of Westminster, he served as the spiritual leader of the ]. On 27 January 1951, Heenan was appointed the fifth ] by ]. He received his ] on the following 12 March from Archbishop ], ], with ], ], and ], ], serving as ]. Named the sixth ] on 2 May 1957, Heenan was later appointed the eighth ] on 2 September 1963. As Archbishop of Westminster, he served as the spiritual leader of the ]. In 1968, Heenan was elected President of the ].


===Positions during the Second Vatican Council=== ===Positions during the Second Vatican Council===
A participant of the ] (1962–1965), Heenan showed himself to be of a ] mind. He opposed '']'', the Council's constitution on the Church in the modern world, saying that it had been "written by clerics with no knowledge of the world."<ref name="Time30-10-1964">Time Magazine. 30 October 1964</ref> The English prelate also condemned the '']'', or theological experts, who sought to change the Church's doctrine on ].<ref name="Time30-10-1964"/> Moreover, despite the risks to ], Heenan later supported the ] of the ].<ref>Time Magazine. 19 January 1970</ref> A participant of the ] (1962–1965), Heenan showed himself to be of a conservative mind. He opposed '']'', the council's constitution on the church in the modern world, saying that it had been "written by clerics with no knowledge of the world".<ref name="Time30-10-1964">Time Magazine. 30 October 1964</ref> He also condemned the '']'', or theological experts, who sought to change the church's doctrine on ].<ref name="Time30-10-1964"/> Moreover, despite the risks to ], Heenan later supported the ] of the ].<ref>Time Magazine. 19 January 1970</ref>


===Cardinal=== ===Cardinal===
He was created ] of '']'' by ] in the ] of 22 February 1965. In 1968, Heenan was named President of the ]. He was created ] of '']'' by ] in the ] of 22 February 1965.


He died from a ] in ]<ref>Time Magazine. 17 November 1975</ref> at age 70, and is buried in Westminster Cathedral, under the twelfth ] ("] ] ]"). He died from a heart attack in London<ref>Time Magazine. 17 November 1975</ref> at age 70, and is buried in Westminster Cathedral, under the ] ("Jesus ] ]").

Heenan shared a lengthy correspondence with author ] regarding the Second Vatican Council. A compilation of their letters, ''A Bitter Trial: Evelyn Waugh and John Carmel Cardinal Heenan on the Liturgical Changes'', was first published in 1996 and reprinted in an expanded edition in 2011.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Blosser |first=Philip |date=June 2012 |title=Undone by the "Permanent Workshop" |journal=New Oxford Review |volume=79 |issue=5 |url=http://www.newoxfordreview.org/reviews.jsp?did=0612-blosser |access-date=12 December 2016 |archive-date=21 December 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221011056/http://www.newoxfordreview.org/reviews.jsp?did=0612-blosser |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Quotes== ==Quotes==
*"A church that is half empty is half full."<ref>Time Magazine. 9 May 1949</ref> *"A church that is half empty is half full."<ref>Time Magazine. 9 May 1949</ref>
*"At home it is not only women and children but also fathers of families and young men who come regularly to mass. If we were to offer them the kind of ceremony we saw yesterday in the Sistine Chapel we would soon be left with a congregation mostly of women and children."<ref>''Liturgical Shipwreck'' TAN Books and Pub. March 1997</ref> *"At home it is not only women and children but also fathers of families and young men who come regularly to mass. If we were to offer them the kind of ceremony we saw yesterday in the Sistine Chapel we would soon be left with a congregation mostly of women and children."<ref>''Liturgical Shipwreck'' TAN Books and Pub. March 1997</ref>

==See also==
{{portal bar|Biography|Catholicism|England}}


==References== ==References==
{{Ibid|date=July 2010}}
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
⚫ * {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819180548/http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios-h.htm#Heenan |date=19 August 2014 }}
*
⚫ *


{{s-start}} {{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}} {{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef| before=]}} {{s-bef| before=]}}
{{s-ttl|title=] | years=1951&ndash;1957}} {{s-ttl|title=] | years=1951–1957}}
{{s-aft|after=]}} {{s-aft|after=]}}
{{s-bef| before=]}} {{s-bef|rows=2| before=]}}
{{s-ttl|title=] | years=1957&ndash;1963}} {{s-ttl|title=] | years=1957–1963}}
{{s-aft|after=]}} {{s-aft|after=]}}
⚫ {{s-ttl|title=] | years=1963–1975}}
{{s-bef| before=]}}
⚫ {{s-aft|rows=2|after=]}}
⚫ {{s-ttl|title=] | years=1963&ndash;1975}}
⚫ {{s-aft|after=]}}
{{s-bef| before=]}} {{s-bef| before=]}}
{{s-ttl|title=] of '']'' | years= 1965&ndash;1975}} {{s-ttl|title=] of '']'' | years= 1965–1975}}
⚫ {{s-end}}
{{s-aft|after=]}}


{{Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds|state=collapsed}}
⚫ {{end}}
{{Archdiocese of Liverpool}}
{{Diocese of Westminster}}
{{Authority control}}


{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->
| NAME = Heenan, John
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 26 January 1905
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ]
| DATE OF DEATH = 7 November 1975
| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Heenan, John}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heenan, John}}
] ]
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Latest revision as of 19:05, 22 November 2024

English Catholic prelate (1905–1975) For the 19th-century boxer, see John Camel Heenan. "Cardinal Heenan" redirects here. For other uses, see Cardinal Heenan (disambiguation).

His Eminence
John Carmel Heenan
Archbishop of Westminster
Primate of England and Wales
John Cardinal Heenan
ProvinceWestminster
DioceseWestminster
Appointed2 September 1963
Term ended7 November 1975
PredecessorWilliam Godfrey
SuccessorBasil Hume
Other post(s)Cardinal-Priest of San Silvestro in Capite
Previous post(s)
Orders
Ordination6 July 1930
by Arthur Henry Doubleday
Consecration27 January 1951
by William Godfrey, Joseph McCormack and John Edward Petit
Created cardinal22 February 1965
by Paul VI
RankCardinal-Priest
Personal details
Born(1905-01-26)26 January 1905
Ilford, Essex
Died7 November 1975(1975-11-07) (aged 70)
London, England
BuriedWestminster Cathedral
NationalityBritish
DenominationRoman Catholic
MottoSub umbra carmeli
Coat of armsJohn Carmel Heenan's coat of arms

John Carmel Heenan (26 January 1905 – 7 November 1975) was a senior-ranking English prelate of the Catholic Church. He served as Archbishop of Westminster from 1963 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1965.

Biography

Early life and ordination

John Heenan was born in Ilford, Essex, the youngest of four children of Irish parents John and Anne Heenan (née Pilkington). He auditioned for Westminster Cathedral Choir School at age 9, but Sir Richard Terry rejected him for his "metallic voice". Heenan studied at St. Ignatius College in Stamford Hill, Ushaw College in Durham, and the Venerable English College in Rome before being ordained to the priesthood on 6 July 1930. He then did pastoral work in Brentwood until 1947, at which time he became Superior of the Catholic Missionary Society of England and Wales. In this position, Heenan criticized the United States for being too concerned about communism, and not enough about spiritual matters. By this time he had published a biography (1943) of Cardinal Hinsley, Archbishop of Westminster, who had recently died.

Bishop

On 27 January 1951, Heenan was appointed the fifth Bishop of Leeds by Pope Pius XII. He received his episcopal consecration on the following 12 March from Archbishop William Godfrey, Apostolic Delegate to Great Britain, with Joseph McCormack, Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, and John Petit, Bishop of Menevia, serving as co-consecrators. Named the sixth Archbishop of Liverpool on 2 May 1957, Heenan was later appointed the eighth Archbishop of Westminster on 2 September 1963. As Archbishop of Westminster, he served as the spiritual leader of the Catholic Church in England and Wales. In 1968, Heenan was elected President of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales.

Positions during the Second Vatican Council

A participant of the Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), Heenan showed himself to be of a conservative mind. He opposed Gaudium et spes, the council's constitution on the church in the modern world, saying that it had been "written by clerics with no knowledge of the world". He also condemned the periti, or theological experts, who sought to change the church's doctrine on birth control. Moreover, despite the risks to ecumenism, Heenan later supported the canonization of the forty martyrs.

Cardinal

He was created Cardinal-Priest of S. Silvestro in Capite by Pope Paul VI in the consistory of 22 February 1965.

He died from a heart attack in London at age 70, and is buried in Westminster Cathedral, under the twelfth Station of the Cross ("Jesus dies on the Cross").

Heenan shared a lengthy correspondence with author Evelyn Waugh regarding the Second Vatican Council. A compilation of their letters, A Bitter Trial: Evelyn Waugh and John Carmel Cardinal Heenan on the Liturgical Changes, was first published in 1996 and reprinted in an expanded edition in 2011.

Quotes

  • "A church that is half empty is half full."
  • "At home it is not only women and children but also fathers of families and young men who come regularly to mass. If we were to offer them the kind of ceremony we saw yesterday in the Sistine Chapel we would soon be left with a congregation mostly of women and children."

See also

Portals:

References

  1. Miranda, Salvador. "John Carmel Heenan". The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church. Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2009.
  2. Diocese of Westminster. Cardinal John Carmel Heenan Archived 30 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine 11 January 2005
  3. Time Magazine. Dominant Theme 12 June 1950
  4. ^ Time Magazine. The Bravest Schema 30 October 1964
  5. Time Magazine. Furor over Forty 19 January 1970
  6. Time Magazine. 17 November 1975
  7. Blosser, Philip (June 2012). "Undone by the "Permanent Workshop"". New Oxford Review. 79 (5). Archived from the original on 21 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
  8. Time Magazine. Revival in England 9 May 1949
  9. Liturgical Shipwreck TAN Books and Pub. March 1997

External links

Catholic Church titles
Preceded byHenry Poskitt Bishop of Leeds
1951–1957 		Succeeded byGeorge Patrick Dwyer
Preceded byWilliam Godfrey Archbishop of Liverpool
1957–1963 		Succeeded byGeorge Andrew Beck
Archbishop of Westminster
1963–1975 		Succeeded byBasil Hume
Preceded byValerio Valeri Cardinal Priest of S. Silvestro in Capite
1965–1975
Roman Catholic Diocese of Leeds
Coat of Arms of the Diocese of Leeds
Archdiocese of Liverpool
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Liverpool
Coat of arms of the Archdiocese of Liverpool.svg
Diocese of Westminster
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Westminster
Archbishops of Westminster
Coat of arms of the Diocese of Westminster
Churches
Patronal Feasts of the Diocese
Schools
See also
Categories: