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{{Short description|Art or science of measuring time}} {{Short description|Art or science of measuring time}}
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{{refimprove|date=November 2011}}
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'''Horology''' ({{lit|the study of time}}; related to ] ''{{wikt-lang|la|horologium}}''; {{etymology|grc|''{{wikt-lang|grc|ὡρολόγιον}}'' ({{grc-transl|ὡρολόγιον}})|instrument for telling the hour}}; {{etymology||''{{wikt-lang|grc|ὥρα}}'' ({{grc-transl|ὥρα}})|hour, time}}, ] ''-o-'', and suffix '']'')<ref>{{OEtymD|horology}}</ref><ref>{{LSJ|w(rolo/gion|ὡρολόγιον}}, {{LSJ|w(/ra2|ὥρα|ref}}.</ref> is the study of the measurement of ]. ]s, ], ], ]s, ]es, ], ]s, ]s, ]s, and ]s are all examples of ]s used to measure ]. In current usage, horology refers mainly to the study of mechanical time-keeping devices, while ] more broadly includes electronic devices that have largely supplanted mechanical clocks for the best accuracy and precision in time-keeping.

People interested in horology are called ''horologists''. That term is used both by people who deal professionally with timekeeping apparatuses (watchmakers, clockmakers), as well as ] and scholars of horology. Horology and horologists have numerous organizations, both professional associations and more scholarly societies. The largest horological membership organisation globally is the NAWCC, the National Association of Watch and Clock Collectors, which is US based, but also has local chapters elsewhere.

== History ==
{{see also|History of timekeeping devices}}
{{expand section|date=December 2021}}

== Museums and libraries ==
], ], ]]]

=== In Europe ===
There are many horology museums and several specialized libraries devoted to the subject. One example is the ], which is also the source of the ] (] 0° 0' 0"), and the home of the first marine timekeepers accurate enough to determine longitude (made by ]). Other horological museums in the London area include the ], which re-opened at the Science Museum in October 2015, the horological collections at the ], the ], and the ]. The ] in ] contains an extensive public collection on horology. In Upton, also in the United Kingdom, at the headquarters of the ], there is the Museum of Timekeeping. A more specialised museum of horology in the United Kingdom is the ] in ], which hosts the world's largest collection of antique ]s.

One of the more comprehensive museums dedicated to horology is the ], in ] in Switzerland, which contains a public library of horology. The ] is smaller but located nearby. Other good horological libraries providing public access are at the ] in Switzerland, at ], and at ].

In France, ] has the Musée du Temps (Museum of Time) in the historic Palais Grenvelle. In ] and ], in ], there is the Museu do Relógio. In Germany, there is the ] in ], in the ], which contains a public library of horology.

=== In North America ===
The two leading specialised horological museums in North America are the ] in ], and the ] in ]. Another museum dedicated to clocks is the ] in ]. One of the most comprehensive horological libraries open to the public is the ] in ].

== Organizations ==
Notable scholarly horological organizations include:
* ] – AWCI (United States of America)
* ] – AHS (United Kingdom)
* ] – BHI (United Kingdom)
* ] (Switzerland)
* ] – DGC (Germany)
* ] – HSNY (United States of America)
* ] – NAWCC (United States of America)
* - UK Clock & Watch Company based in Bristol

=== World exhibitions ===
* Geneva Time Exhibition
* Salon International de la Haute Horlogerie (SIHH)

== Glossary ==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Term !! Explanation
|-
| Chablon
| French term for a ] (not including the dial and hands), that is not completely assembled.
|-
| ]
| French term (commonly used in English-speaking countries) for a movement blank, i.e., an incomplete watch movement sold as a set of loose parts—comprising the main plate, bridges, train, winding and setting mechanism, and regulator. The timing system, escapement, and mainspring, however, are not parts of the ébauche.
|-
| Établissage
| French term for the method of manufacturing watches or movements by assembling their various components. It generally includes the following operations: receipt, inspection and stocking of the "ébauche", the regulating elements and the other parts of the movement and of the make-up; assembling; springing and timing; fitting the dial and hands; casing; final inspection before packing and dispatching.
|-
| Établisseur
| French term for a watch factory that assembles watches from components it buys from other suppliers.
|-
| Factory, works
| In the Swiss watch industry, the term manufacture is used of a factory that manufacturers watches almost completely, as distinct from an ''atelier de terminage'', which only assembles, times, and fits hands and casing.
|-
| Manufacture d'horlogerie
| French term for a watch factory that produces components (particularly the "ébauche") for its products (watches, alarm and desk clocks, etc.).
|-
| ]
| French term for a small secondary source of power, typically a weight or spring, which runs the timekeeping mechanism and is itself periodically rewound by the timepiece's main power source, such as a ].
|-
| Terminage
| French term denoting the process of assembling watch parts for the account of a producer.
|-
| Termineur
| French term for an independent watchmaker (or workshop) engaged in assembling watches, either wholly or in part, for the account of an "établisseur" or a "manufacture", who supply the necessary loose parts. See "atelier de terminage" above.
|}

==See also==
*
{{cmn|
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
{{Wiktionary|horology}}
{{Commons category}}
* {{cite web |title=The Queen has a specialist team of clock masters that spend 40 hours tweaking over 1,000 clocks in her residences for daylight-saving time |date=4 Nov 2021 |author=Maria Noyen |website=Insider |url=https://www.insider.com/queen-clock-masters-spend-40-hours-prepping-for-daylight-saving-2021-11#}}
* Perman, Stacy, , Atria Books (Simon & Schuster), February 2013. {{ISBN|9781439190081}}
* Berner, G.A., , ] FH 1961 - 2012
* Daniels, George, , London: Philip Wilson Publishers, 1981 (reprinted June 15, 2011)
* ], , 1903, from ]
* Grafton, Edward, , London: Aylett and Jones, 1849


{{Time Topics}} {{R from merge}}
{{R to synonym}}
{{Time measurement and standards}}
{{Authority control}}


] ]

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