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			#REDIRECT ]
	{{distinguish|Mangalore}}
	{{pp-move-indef}}
	{{short description|Capital of Karnataka, India}}
	{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2016}}
	{{Use Indian English|date=July 2016}}
	{{Infobox settlement
	| name = Bengaluru
	| official_name = Bengaluru
	| image_blank_emblem =
	| blank_emblem_size = 250px
	| native_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT guideline. -->
	| native_name_lang = kn
	| settlement_type = ]
	| image_skyline = BangaloreMontage.png
	| image_alt =
	| image_caption = Clockwise from top: ], ], Glass house at ], ], ] statue, ]
	| nicknames = ],<ref name="cnn-Dec2012" /> Garden City<ref name="Basavaraja" />
	| map_alt =
	| map_caption =
	| pushpin_map = India Karnataka#India
	| pushpin_label_position = left
	| pushpin_map_alt =
	| pushpin_map_caption = Location in ]
	| coordinates = {{coord|12|59|N|77|35|E|display=inline,title}}
	| subdivision_type = Country
	| subdivision_name = {{flag|India}}
	| subdivision_type1 = ]
	| subdivision_name1 = ]
	| subdivision_type2 = Region
	| subdivision_name2 = ]
	| subdivision_type3 = District
	| subdivision_name3 = ]
	| established_title = Established
	| established_date = 1537
	| founder = ]
	| named_for =
	| government_type = ]
	| governing_body = ]
	| leader_title1 = ]
	| leader_name1 = Gangambike Mallikarjun( ] )
	| leader_title2 = Commissioner
	| leader_name2 = N Manjunatha Prasad<ref name=bbmp-commr>{{cite web
	|title=Commissioner&nbsp;
	|url=http://bbmp.gov.in/commissioner
	|website=Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike
	|accessdate=3 May 2015
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511021928/http://bbmp.gov.in/commissioner
	|archivedate=11 May 2015
	}}</ref>
	| unit_pref = Metric
	| area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news | author1 = K. V. Aditya Bharadwaj | title = Bengaluru is growing fast, but governed like a village | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-is-growing-fast-but-governed-like-a-village/article7473604.ece | accessdate = 20 August 2015 | work = The Hindu | date = 28 July 2015 | location = Bengaluru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Profile|url=http://www.bmrda.kar.nic.in/|website=Bangalore Metropolitan Region Development Authority|accessdate=21 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331103011/http://www.bmrda.kar.nic.in/|archive-date=31 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
	| area_rank =
	| area_total_km2 = 709
	| area_metro_km2 = 8005
	| elevation_footnotes = <ref name="iisc_profile">{{Cite journal
	| author1 = H.S. Sudhira
	| author2 = T.V. Ramachandra
	| author3 = M.H. Bala Subrahmanya
	| title = City Profile&nbsp;— Bangalore
	| journal = Cities
	| volume = 24
	| issue = 5
	| publisher = Environmental Information System (Centre of Ecological Sciences), ]
	| place = Bangalore
	| page = 382
	| year = 2007
	| doi = 10.1016/j.cities.2007.04.003
	| url = http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/biodiversity/pubs/ces_pubs/pubs_2007/theme4_42.pdf
	| format = PDF
	}}</ref>
	| elevation_m = 920
	| population_as_of = 2017
	| population_total = 12,339,447
	| population_footnotes = <ref name="IndOnline-Bang" />
	| population_density_km2 = auto
	| population_urban = 10,456,000
	| population_urban_footnotes = <ref name="UNcities2016" />
	| population_blank1_title = Rank
	| population_blank1 = ]
	| population_blank1_footnotes = <ref name="ua_2011">{{cite web
	| title = INDIA STATS : Million plus cities in India as per Census 2011
	| url = http://pibmumbai.gov.in/scripts/detail.asp?releaseId=E2011IS3
	| website = Press Information Bureau, Mumbai
	| publisher = National Informatics Centre
	| accessdate = 20 August 2015
	}}</ref>
	| population_demonym = Bangalorean
	| blank_name_sec1 = ] <!-- GDP consensus approach, per ] -->
	| blank_info_sec1 = $45 to $83 billion (PPP)<ref name="Brookings" /><ref name="pricewater" /><ref name="YahooTop15" />
	| timezone1 = ]
	| utc_offset1 = +05:30
	| postal_code_type = ]
	| postal_code = 560 xxx
	| area_code = ]
	| registration_plate = ]-01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 41, 50, 51, 52, 53, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61
	| blank2_name = {{nowrap|]}}
	| blank2_info = ]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-01-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708012438/http://nclm.nic.in/shared/linkimages/NCLM50thReport.pdf |archivedate=8 July 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
	| website = {{URL|www.bbmp.gov.in/}}
	| footnotes =
	}}
			{{Redirect category shell|
	'''Bangalore''' ({{IPAc-en|b|æ|ŋ|ɡ|ə|ˈ|l|ɔː|r}}), ] known as '''Bengaluru'''<ref>{{cite web
			{{R from move}}
	| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/It-is-official-Bangalore-becomes-Bengaluru/articleshow/45000684.cms
	| title = It is official: Bangalore becomes Bengaluru
	| work = The Times of India
	}}</ref> ({{IPA-kn|ˈbeŋɡəɭuːɾu||Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg}}), is the ] of the ] of ]. It has a population of over ten million,<ref name="UNcities2016" /> making it a ] and the ] and ] in India.<ref name="2011 pp tableA2">{{cite web |url = http://www.citypopulation.de/php/india-karnataka.php |title = Karnataka (India): Districts, Cities, Towns and Outgrowth Wards – Population Statistics in Maps and Charts | publisher = Citypopulation.de }}</ref> It is located in ] on the ] at an elevation of over {{convert|3000|ft|m|sigfig=1|order=flip|abbr=on}} above sea level, which is the highest among India's major cities.<ref>{{cite book | last1 = Swaminathan | first1 = Jayashankar M. | title = Indian Economic Superpower: Fiction Or Future? | volume = Volume 2 of World Scientific series on 21st century business, ISSN 1793-5660 | publisher = World Scientific | year = 2009 | isbn = 9789812814661 | page = 20}}</ref>
	A succession of South Indian dynasties, the ], the ] and the ], ruled the present region of Bangalore until in 1537 CE, ]&nbsp;– a feudal ruler under the ]&nbsp;– established a ] considered to be the foundation of modern Bangalore. In 1638, the ] conquered and ruled Bangalore for almost 50 years, after which the ] captured and sold the city to the ] of the ]. It was captured by the ] after victory in the ] (1799), who returned administrative control of the city to the ]. The old city developed in the dominions of the ] and was made capital of the ], which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the ].
	In 1809, the British shifted their ] to Bangalore, outside the old city, and a town grew up around it, which was governed as part of ]. Following ] in 1947, Bangalore became the capital of ], and remained capital when the new Indian state of Karnataka was formed in 1956. The two urban settlements of Bangalore&nbsp;– city and cantonment&nbsp;– which had developed as independent entities merged into a single urban centre in 1949. The existing ] name, ''Bengalūru'', was declared the ] of the city in 2006.
	Bangalore is sometimes referred to as the "]" (or "IT capital of India") because of its role as the nation's leading ] (IT) exporter.<ref name="cnn-Dec2012">{{cite news | url = http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/06/tech/bangalore-india-internet-access| title = How the 'Silicon Valley of India' is bridging the digital divide| last = Canton| first = Naomi| publisher = CNN| accessdate = 6 December 2012| date = 6 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/20/business/worldbusiness/20bangalore.html | title = Is the Next Silicon Valley Taking Root in Bangalore? | last = RAI | first = Saritha |work = ] | accessdate = 20 March 2006 | date = 20 March 2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20201666 | title = Can the 'American Dream' be reversed in India? | last = Vaidyanathan| first = Rajini| publisher = ]| accessdate = 5 November 2012 | date = 5 November 2012}}</ref> Indian technological organisations ], ], ] and ] are headquartered in the city. A demographically diverse city, Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://us.rediff.com/money/2008/feb/06sld2.htm
	| work = Rediff News
	| date = 6 February 2008
	| title = India's 10 fastest growing cities
	| accessdate = 7 April 2009
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090324171237/http://us.rediff.com/money/2008/feb/06sld2.htm
	| archivedate = 24 March 2009
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> Bangalore has one of the most highly educated workforces in the world.<ref name='India Today'>{{Cite web |url=http://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre2018100500 |title=India Today |last=Broder |first=Jonathan |date=2018-10-05 |website=CQ Researcher |publisher=SAGE Publications |language=en-US |id=cqresrre2018100500 |access-date=2018-10-04}}</ref> It is home to many educational and research institutions in India, such as ] (IISc), ] (IIMB), ] (IIITB), ], Bangalore, ] (NID R&D Campus), ] (NLSIU) and ] (NIMHANS). Numerous state-owned ] and ], such as ], ] and ] are located in the city. The city also houses the ].
	==Etymology==
	The name "Bangalore" represents an ] version of the ] name, "Bengalūru" ] {{IPA-kn|ˈbeŋɡəɭuːru||Bengaluru-Kannada-Pronunciation.ogg}}. It is the name of a village near Kodegehalli and was copied by Kempegowda to the city of Bangalore. The earliest reference to the name "Bengalūru" was found in a ninth-century ] stone inscription on a "''vīra gallu''{{-"}} ({{lang|kn|ವೀರಗಲ್ಲು}}) (literally, "]", a rock edict extolling the virtues of a warrior). In this inscription found in ], "Bengalūrū" is referred to as a place in which a battle was fought in 890 ]. It states that the place was part of the ] until 1004 and was known as "''Bengaval-uru''", the "City of Guards" in ] (Old Kannada).<ref name="OtherNames">{{cite news
	| first = K
	| last = Chandramouli
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/07/25/stories/2002072500270200.htm
	| title = The city of boiled beans
	| newspaper = ]
	| date = 25 July 2002
	| accessdate = 10 June 2012
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref><ref name=TheHinduinscription>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2004/08/20/stories/2004082016400300.htm
	| title = Inscription reveals Bangalore is over 1,000 years old
	| newspaper = The Hindu
	| date = 20 August 2004
	| accessdate = 10 June 2012
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref>
	An ] story recounts that the 12th century ] king ], while on a hunting expedition, lost his way in the forest. Tired and hungry, he came across a poor old woman who served him boiled beans. The grateful king named the place "benda-kaal-uru" (literally, "town of boiled beans"), which eventually evolved into "Bengalūru".<ref name="OtherNames" /><ref name="Bendakaaluru">{{cite web
	|url = http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Oct302006/index20581420061029.asp
	|title = Many miles to go from Bangalore to Bengalūru
	|author = Vijesh Kamath
	|work = Deccan Herald
	|date = 30 October 2006
	|accessdate = 10 June 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120916034243/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Deccanherald/Oct302006/index20581420061029.asp
	|archivedate = 16 September 2012
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref><ref name=gandubhoomi /> ] has put forward an explanation of a possible floral origin of the name, being derived from ''benga'', the Kannada term for '']'' (also known as the ]), a species of dry and moist ]s, that grew abundantly in the region.<ref name="Aditi6" />
	On 11 December 2005, the ] announced that it had accepted a proposal by ] winner ] to ] Bangalore to ''Bengalūru''.<ref name="rename2">{{Cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2005-12-11/india/27862209_1_bengaluru-classical-language-kannada
	| title = Bangalore to be renamed Bengaluru
	| date = 11 December 2005
	| newspaper = ]
	| accessdate = 19 April 2009
	}}</ref> On 27 September 2006, the ] (BBMP) passed a resolution to implement the proposed name change.<ref>{{Cite news
	| title = It will be 'Bengaluru', resolves BMP
	| newspaper = The Hindu
	| date = 28 September 2006
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/09/28/stories/2006092824250300.htm
	| accessdate = 16 May 2007
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref> The government of Karnataka accepted the proposal, and it was decided to officially implement the name change from 1 November 2006.<ref>{{Cite news
	|title = It'll be 'Bengaluru' from November 1
	|newspaper = Deccan Herald
	|date = 8 October 2006
	|url = http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct82006/index2044162006107.asp
	|accessdate = 10 June 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120406020325/http://archive.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/oct82006/index2044162006107.asp
	|archivedate = 6 April 2012
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref><ref name="rename1">{{Cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-11-01/bangalore/27809461_1_bengalooru-skywalks-helmets
	| title = From today, Bangalore becomes Bengalooru
	| date = 1 November 2006
	| newspaper = The Times of India
	| accessdate = 19 April 2009
	}}</ref> The Union government approved this request, along with name changes for 11 other Karnataka cities, in October 2014, hence Bangalore was renamed to "Bengaluru" on 1 November 2014.<ref>{{cite news
	| last1 = Renaming
	| first1 = Cities
	| title = Bangalore, Mysore, Other Karnataka Cities to be Renamed on 1 November
	| url = http://www.ibtimes.co.in/bangalore-mysore-other-karnataka-cities-be-renamed-1-november-611683
	| issue = ibtimes.co.in
	| publisher = ibtimes.co.in
	| date = 18 October 2014
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
	| last1 = Renaming
	| first1 = Cities
	| title = Centre nod for Karnataka's proposal on renaming cities
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/centre-nod-for-karnatakas-proposal-on-renaming-cities/article6514079.ece
	| publisher = The Hindu
	| date = 18 October 2014
	}}</ref>
	==History==
	{{Main|History of Bangalore}}
	===Early and medieval history===
	{{Multiple image
	|align=left
	|direction=vertical
	|image1=Naganatheshvara Temple (9th century) at Begur, Bengaluru.JPG
	|caption1=The Begur ] was built in Bangalore around c. 860, during the reign of the ].
	|image2=Halasuru Someshwara Temple.jpg
	|caption2=Someshwara Temple dates from the ] era
	}}		}}
	A discovery of ] artefacts during the ] at ], Sidhapura and Jadigenahalli, all of which are located on Bangalore's outskirts today, suggest probable human settlement around 4,000 BCE.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = Bangalore dates from 4,000 BC
	| date = 11 October 2001
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-10-11/bangalore/27237242_1_bangalore-mysore-municipal-bodies
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 7 September 2013
	}}</ref> Around 1,000 BCE (]), burial grounds were established at ] and ] on the outskirts of Bangalore. Coins of the ]s ], ], and ] found at ] and ] indicate that Bangalore was involved in trans-oceanic trade with ancient civilisations in 27 BCE.<ref name="banghist">{{cite news
	| first = T.S.
	| last = Ranganna
	| title = Bangalore had human habitation in 4000 B.C.
	| date = 27 October 2001
	| url = http://hindu.com/2001/10/27/stories/0427402p.htm
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 7 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	The region of modern-day Bangalore was part of several successive ]n kingdoms. Between the fourth and the tenth centuries, the Bangalore region was ruled by the ] of Karnataka, the first dynasty to set up effective control over the region.<ref name="banghist3">{{harvnb|Srinivas|2004|p=69|Ref=Sri2004}}</ref> According to Edgar Thurston<ref name='Edgar Thurston'>{{cite book
	| author = Edgar Thurston and K. Rangachari
	| title = Castes and Tribes of Southern India
	| year = 1909
	| publisher = Government Press, Madras
	}}</ref> there were twenty eight kings who ruled Gangavadi from the start of the Christian era until its conquest by the Cholas. These kings belonged to two distinct dynasties: the earlier line of the ''Solar race'' which had a succession of seven kings of the Ratti or Reddi tribe, and the later line of the Ganga race. The ] ruled the region initially as a sovereign power (350–550), and later as feudatories of the ], followed by the ] until the tenth century.<ref name="Aditi6">{{harvnb|Aditi|2008|p=6|Ref=Aditi2008}}</ref> The Begur ] was commissioned around 860, during the reign of the Western Ganga King Ereganga Nitimarga I and extended by his successor Nitimarga II.<ref name="banghist4">{{harvnb|Aditi|2008|p=7|Ref=Aditi2008}}</ref><ref name="niti">Sarma (1992), p. 78</ref> Around 1004, during the reign of ], the Cholas defeated the Western Gangas under the command of the crown prince ], and captured Bangalore.<ref name="banghist4" /><ref>Mysore: A Gazetteer Compiled for Government by B. L. Rice p.224</ref> During this period, the Bangalore region witnessed the migration of many groups&nbsp;— warriors, administrators, traders, artisans, pastorals, cultivators, and religious personnel from ] and other Kannada speaking regions.<ref name="banghist3" /> The ], the Aigandapura complex near ], ] at Binnamangala, Choleshwara Temple at ], Someshwara Temple at ], date from the ] era.<ref name="banghist4" />
	In 1117, the ] king ] defeated the Cholas in the Battle of Talakad in south Karnataka, and extended its rule over the region.<ref name="banghist4" /> Vishnuvardhana expelled the Cholas from all parts of Mysore state.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/
	| title = The Digital South Asia Library-Imperial gazetteer of India
	| work = uchicago.edu
	}}</ref> By the end of the 13th century, Bangalore became a source of contention between two warring cousins, the Hoysala ruler ] of ] and Ramanatha, who administered from the Hoysala held territory in Tamil Nadu.<ref name="banghist4" /> Veera Ballala III had appointed a civic head at Hudi (now within Bangalore Municipal Corporation limits), thus promoting the village to the status of a town. After Veera Ballala III's death in 1343, the next empire to rule the region was the ], which itself saw the rise of four dynasties, the ] (1336–1485), the ] (1485–1491), the ] (1491–1565), and the ] (1565–1646).<ref name="banghist6">{{harvnb|Aditi|2008|p=8|Ref=Aditi2008}}</ref> During the reign of the Vijayanagara Empire, ] of the ] raised the ] across the ] river at ], whose reservoir is the present city's supply of regular piped water.<ref name="Aditi9">{{harvnb|Aditi|2008|p=9|Ref=Aditi2008}}</ref>
	===Foundation and early modern history===
	{{Multiple image
	|align=right
	|direction=vertical
	|image1=Bangalore Fort.jpg
	|caption1=Bangalore Fort in 1860 showing fortifications and barracks. The fort was originally built by ] as a mud fort in 1537.
	|image2=Bangalore Palace.jpg
	|caption2=], built in 1887 in ] was modelled on the ] in England.<ref name="tt8">{{harvnb|Pinto|Srivastava|2008|p=8|Ref=TalkoftheTown}}</ref>
	}}
	Modern Bangalore was begun in 1537 by a ] of the Vijayanagara Empire, ], who aligned with the Vijayanagara empire to campaign against Gangaraja (whom he defeated and expelled to Kanchi), and who built ] for the people at the site that would become the central part of modern Bangalore. Kempe Gowda was restricted by rules made by Achuta Deva Raya, who feared the potential power of Kempe Gowda and did not allow a formidable stone fort. Kempe Gowda referred to the new town as his "gandubhūmi" or "Land of Heroes".<ref name=gandubhoomi>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.livemint.com/2010/05/21205005/Bangalore-Bhath--First-city-e.html
	| title = Bangalore bhath: first city edifices
	| last1 = Misra
	| first1 = Hemant
	| last2 = Jayaraman
	| first2 = Pavitra
	| newspaper = ]
	| date = 22 May 2010
	| accessdate = 11 June 2012
	}}</ref> Within the fort, the town was divided into smaller divisions—each called a "pete" ({{IPA-kn|peːteː}}). The town had two main streets—Chikkapeté Street, which ran east-west, and Doddapeté Street, which ran north-south. Their intersection formed the Doddapeté Square—the heart of Bangalore. Kempe Gowda I's successor, Kempe Gowda II, built four towers that marked Bangalore's boundary. During the Vijayanagara rule, many saints and poets referred to Bangalore as "Devarāyanagara" and "Kalyānapura" or "Kalyānapuri" ("Auspicious City").<ref name=bglrHist2>{{Cite thesis
	|chapter = 5: Bangalore: mud fort to sprawling metropolis
	|title = Bangalore—future trends in public open space usage. Case study: Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore
	|url = http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf
	|format = PDF
	|last = Vagale
	|first = Uday Kumar
	|year = 2004
	|publisher = ]
	|page = 34–35
	|accessdate = 11 June 2012
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf
	|archivedate = 5 June 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref>
	After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1565 in the ], Bangalore's rule changed hands several times. Kempe Gowda declared independence, then in 1638, a large ] Bijapur army led by Ranadulla Khan and accompanied by his second in command ] defeated Kempe Gowda III,<ref name=bglrHist2 /> and Bangalore was given to Shāhji as a '']'' (feudal estate). In 1687, the ] general Kasim Khan, under orders from ], defeated ], son of Shāhji, and sold Bangalore to ] (1673–1704), the then ruler of the ] for three lakh rupees.<ref name=ekoji>{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2005/02/22/stories/2005022201010300.htm
	| title = The bean city
	| newspaper = The Hindu
	| first = S
	| last = Srinivas
	| accessdate = 2 July 2007
	| date = 22 February 2005
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref> After the death of Krishnaraja Wodeyar II in 1759, ], Commander-in-Chief of the Mysore Army, proclaimed himself the ''de facto'' ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore. Hyder Ali is credited with building the Delhi and Mysore gates at the northern and southern ends of the city in 1760.<ref name="tt6">{{harvnb|Pinto|Srivastava|2008|p=6|Ref=TalkoftheTown}}</ref> The kingdom later passed to Hyder Ali's son ]. Hyder and Tipu contributed towards the beautification of the city by building ] Botanical Gardens in 1760. Under them, Bangalore developed into a commercial and military centre of strategic importance.<ref name=bglrHist2 />
	The Bangalore fort was captured by the British armies under ] on 21 March 1791 during the ] and formed a centre for British resistance against Tipu Sultan.<ref name="Mil_Engr_In_India_Vol_1">{{cite book
	| title = The military engineer in India, vol I
	| last = Sandes
	| first = Lt Col E.W.C.
	| year = 1933
	| publisher = The Institution of Royal Engineers
	| location = Chatham
	| isbn = 978-1-84734-071-9
	| pages = 163–165
	}}</ref> Following Tipu's death in the ] (1799), the British returned administrative control of the Bangalore "pētē" to the ] and was incorporated into the ], which existed as a nominally sovereign entity of the ]. The ] ("pētē") developed in the dominions of the Maharaja of Mysore. The ] was first established in ] City in 1799 and later shifted to Bangalore in 1804. It was abolished in 1843 only to be revived in 1881 at Bangalore and to be closed down permanently in 1947, with ].<ref name=rajbha>{{cite web
	|url=http://rajbhavan.kar.nic.in/history/fromresi-rajbhavan.htm
	|title=Raj Bhavan, Karnataka
	|work=The Homepage of Raj Bhavan, Government of Karnataka
	|accessdate=24 August 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206190404/http://rajbhavan.kar.nic.in/history/fromresi-rajbhavan.htm
	|archivedate=6 February 2012
	|df=
	}}</ref> The British found Bangalore to be a pleasant and appropriate place to station their ] and therefore moved their cantonment to Bangalore from ] in 1809 near ], about {{convert|6|km|0}} north-east of the city. A town grew up around the cantonment, by absorbing several villages in the area. The new centre had its own municipal and administrative apparatus, though technically it was a British enclave within the territory of the Wodeyar Kings of the Princely State of Mysore.<ref>{{harvnb|Srinivas|2004|p=3|Ref=Sri2004}}</ref> Two important developments which contributed to the rapid growth of the city, include the introduction of telegraph connections to all major Indian cities in 1853 and a rail connection to ], in 1864.<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Ghosh
	| first1 = Jyotirmoy
	| title = Entrepreneurship in tourism and allied activities: a study of Bangalore city in the post liberalization period
	| publisher = ]
	| year = 2012
	| page = 86
	| url = http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/5261/9/09_chapter%203.pdf
	}}</ref>
	===Later modern and contemporary history===
	{{Multiple image
	|align=left
	|direction=vertical
	|image1=Bangalore Pete in the 1890s.jpg
	|caption1=A view of ] during the 1890s
	|image2=Bangalore Cantonment.jpg
	|caption2=A view of ] (c. 1895)
	|image3=Bangalore (Baedeker, 1914).jpg
	|caption3=Map of the city and environs, ca 1914.
	|image4=Bangalore-torpedo-batey-haosef.jpg
	|caption4=The ] was invented in Bangalore in 1922.
	}}
	In the 19th century, Bangalore essentially became a ], with the "pētē", whose residents were predominantly ]s and the cantonment created by the British.<ref name="bang hist two towns">{{Cite thesis
	|chapter = 8: Public domain—contested spaces and lack of imageability
	|title = Bangalore—future trends in public open space usage. Case study: Mahatma Gandhi Road, Bangalore
	|url = http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf
	|format = PDF
	|last = Vagale
	|first = Uday Kumar
	|year = 2004
	|publisher = ]
	|page = 49
	|accessdate = 11 June 2012
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf
	|archivedate = 5 June 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref> Throughout the 19th century, the Cantonment gradually expanded and acquired a distinct cultural and political salience as it was governed directly by the British and was known as the Civil and Military Station of Bangalore. While it remained in the princely territory of Mysore, Cantonment had a large military presence and a cosmopolitan ] population that came from outside the princely state of Mysore, including British and ] army officers.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
	Bangalore was hit by a ] epidemic in 1898 that claimed nearly 3,500 lives. The crisis caused by the outbreak catalysed the city's sanitation process. Telephone lines were laid to help co-ordinate anti-plague operations. Regulations for building new houses with proper sanitation facilities came into effect. A health officer was appointed and the city divided into four wards for better co-ordination. ] was inaugurated in 1900 by ], the then ].<ref>{{cite news
	| title = 1898 plague revisited
	| date = 17 November 2012
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-11-17/bangalore/35171344_1_bangalore-vivek-first-health-officer
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 8 September 2013
	}}</ref> New extensions in ] and ] were developed in the north and south of the pētē.<ref>{{cite web
	| first = Maya
	| last = Jaypal
	| title = Malleswaram, Basavanagudi, the new extensions
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/237394/malleswaram-basavanagudi-extensions.html
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 8 September 2013
	}}</ref> In 1903, motor vehicles came to be introduced in Bangalore.<ref>{{harvnb|Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bangalore District|p=91|Ref=kar}}</ref> In 1906, Bangalore became one of the first cities in India to have electricity from ], powered by the ] plant situated in ].<ref>{{cite web
	| last = Srinivasaraju
	| first = Sugata
	| title = ElectriCity
	| url = http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?230851
	| accessdate = 15 November 2011
	| work = Outlook India
	| date = 10 April 2006
	}}</ref> The ] was established in 1909, which subsequently played a major role in developing the city as a science research hub.<ref name="tt10" /> In 1912, the ], a defensive explosive weapon widely used in ] and ], was devised in Bangalore by ] Captain McClintock of the ].<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1844966/report-dna-special-bangalore-torpedo-gave-them-their-d-day-69-years-ago
	| title = Bangalore torpedo gave them their D-Day, 69 years ago
	| accessdate = 1 October 2013
	| first = Nirad
	| last = Mudur
	| author2 = Hemanth CS
	| date = 7 June 2013
	| work = ]
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore's reputation as the "Garden City of India" began in 1927 with the ] celebrations of the rule of ]. Several projects such as the construction of parks, public buildings and hospitals were instituted to improve the city.<ref name="Basavaraja">{{cite book
	| last1 = Basavaraja
	| first1 = Kadati Reddera
	| title = History and Culture of Karnataka: Early Times to Unification
	| publisher = Chalukya Publications
	| year = 1984
	| page = 332
	| url = https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VvpIAAAAIAAJ
	}}</ref> Bangalore played an important role during the ]. ] visited the city in 1927 and 1934 and addressed public meetings here.<ref name="banghist" /> In 1926, the ] in ] due to demand by textile workers for payment of bonus resulted in ] and police firing, resulting in the death of four workers, and several injuries.<ref>{{harvnb|Nair|2005|p=70|Ref=nair}}</ref> In July 1928, there were notable ] in Bangalore, when a ] idol was removed from a school compound in the Sultanpet area of Bangalore.<ref>{{cite book
	| title = Dimensions of Socio-Political Change in Mysore, 1918–40
	| first = Chandrasekhar
	| last = S.
	| publisher = APH Publishing
	| year = 1985
	| isbn = 978-0-8364-1471-4
	| page = 135
	}}</ref> In 1940, the first flight between Bangalore and ] took off, which placed the city on India's urban map.<ref name="tt10">{{harvnb|Pinto|Srivastava|2008|p=10|Ref=TalkoftheTown}}</ref>
	After India's independence in August 1947, Bangalore remained in the newly carved ] of which the Maharaja of Mysore was the '']'' (appointed governor).<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Boland-Crewe
	| first1 = Tara
	| last2 = Lea
	| first2 = David
	| title = The Territories and States of India
	| publisher = Psychology Press
	| year = 2004
	| page = 135
	| isbn = 978-0-203-40290-0
	| quote = When the new, extended Mysore was created on 1 November 1956 (by the addition of coastal, central and northern territories), Wodeyar became Governor of the whole state, which was renamed Karnataka in 1973.
	}}</ref> The "City Improvement Trust" was formed in 1945, and in 1949, the "City" and the "Cantonment" merged to form the ]. The ] later constituted the ] in 1976 to co-ordinate the activities of these two bodies.<ref name="lm">{{harvnb|Srinivas|2004|p=4|Ref=Sri2004}}</ref> Public sector employment and education provided opportunities for Kannadigas from the rest of the state to migrate to the city. Bangalore experienced rapid growth in the decades 1941–51 and 1971–81, which saw the arrival of many immigrants from northern Karnataka. By 1961, Bangalore had become the sixth largest city in India, with a population of 1,207,000.<ref name=bglrHist2 /> In the decades that followed, Bangalore's manufacturing base continued to expand with the establishment of private companies such as ] (Motor Industries Company), which set up its manufacturing plant in the city.
	By the 1980s, it was clear that urbanisation had spilled over the current boundaries, and in 1986, the ], was established to co-ordinate the development of the entire region as a single unit.<ref name="lm" /> On 8 February 1981, a ] at Venus Circus in Bangalore, where more than 92 lives were lost, the majority of them being children.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/09/world/death-toll-raised-to-66-in-fire-at-circus-in-india.html
	| title = Death Toll Raised to 66 in Fire at Circus in India
	| date = 9 February 1981
	| work = The New York Times
	}}</ref> Bangalore experienced a growth in its real estate market in the 1980s and 1990s, spurred by capital investors from other parts of the country who converted Bangalore's large plots and colonial ]s into multi-storied apartments.<ref name=realestate>{{cite journal
	| last = Benjamin
	| first = Solomon
	| url = http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/APCITY/UNPAN020773.pdf
	| title = Governance, economic settings and poverty in Bangalore
	| journal = Environment & Urbanization
	| volume = 12
	| issue = 1
	| date = April 2000
	| pages = 35–36
	| accessdate = 11 June 2012
	| doi = 10.1177/095624780001200104
	}}</ref> In 1985, ] became the first ] to set up base in Bangalore. Other information technology companies followed suit and by the end of the 20th century, Bangalore had established itself as the ''] of India''.<ref name=bglrHist2 /> Today, Bangalore is India's third most populous city. During the 21st century, Bangalore has suffered terrorist attacks in ], ], and ].
	==Geography==
	{{Main|Bangalore geography and environment}}
	] in Bangalore]]
	Bangalore lies in the southeast of the ]n state of Karnataka. It is in the heart of the ] (a region of the larger ] ]) at an average elevation of {{convert|900|m|ft|abbr=on|0}}.<ref name="ground water">{{cite web
	| url = http://cgwb.gov.in/District_Profile/karnataka/BANGALORE_URBAN_BROCHURE.pdf
	| title = Ground water information booklet
	| publisher = Central Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India
	| accessdate = 16 June 2012
	| format = PDF
	| date = December 2008
	}}</ref>{{rp|8|date=December 2012}} It is located at {{Coord|12.97|N|77.56|E}} and covers an area of {{convert|741|km²|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="area">{{cite web
	|url=http://www.kar.nic.in/finance/bud2007/bs07e.pdf
	|title=Finance budget for 2007–08
	|publisher=Government of Karnataka
	|accessdate=28 June 2007
	|format=PDF
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070628141329/http://www.kar.nic.in/finance/bud2007/bs07e.pdf
	|archivedate=28 June 2007
	|deadurl=yes
	}}</ref> The majority of the city of Bangalore lies in the ] of Karnataka and the surrounding rural areas are a part of the ]. The Government of Karnataka has carved out the new district of ] from the old Bangalore Rural district.<ref>{{cite web
	|title=District census handbook- Bangalore rural
	|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2929_PART_A_DCHB_BANGALORE%20RURAL.pdf
	|publisher=Directorate of census operations Karnataka
	|accessdate=26 October 2017}}</ref>
	The topology of Bangalore is generally flat, though the western parts of the city are hilly. The highest point is ] ], which is {{convert|962|m|0|abbr=off}} and is situated to the north-west of the city.<ref name=bglrGeo>{{cite web
	|url = http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlands/sarea.html
	|title = Study area: Bangalore
	|publisher = Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science
	|accessdate = 11 June 2012
	|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120716221547/http://ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/wetlands/sarea.html
	|archive-date = 16 July 2012
	|dead-url = yes
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref> No major rivers run through the city, although the ] and ] cross paths at the ], {{convert|60|km|0|abbr=off}} to the north. ], a minor tributary of the Arkavathi, arises within the city at Basavanagudi and flows through the city. The rivers Arkavathi and Vrishabhavathi together carry much of Bangalore's ]. A ] system, constructed in 1922, covers {{convert|215|km²|0|abbr=on}} of the city and connects with five ] centres located in the periphery of Bangalore.<ref name=sewage>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar112004/metro1.asp
	| title = Each drop of water counts
	| last = Tekur
	| first = Suma
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070311005340/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/mar112004/metro1.asp
	| archivedate = 11 March 2007
	| newspaper = Deccan Herald
	| date = 11 March 2004
	}}</ref>
	In the 16th century, Kempe Gowda I constructed many lakes to meet the town's water requirements. The Kempambudhi Kere, since overrun by modern development, was prominent among those lakes. In the earlier half of 20th century, the Nandi Hills ] was commissioned by ] (] of Mysore, 1926–41 CE) to provide a water supply to the city. Currently, the river ] provides around 80% of the total water supply to the city with the remaining 20% being obtained from the Thippagondanahalli and Hesaraghatta reservoirs of the Arkavathi river.<ref name="watersup">{{cite web
	| url = http://bwssb.org/help_faq.html
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060206121846/http://bwssb.org/help_faq.html
	| archivedate = 6 February 2006
	| title = Help/FAQ
	| publisher = Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board
	| accessdate = 2 July 2007
	}}</ref> Bangalore receives 800 million&nbsp;litres (211 million&nbsp;]s) of water a day, more than any other Indian city.<ref name=bglrWater>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/NM2/Thirsty-Bangalore-invokes-god/Article1-6117.aspx
	| title = Thirsty Bangalore invokes god
	| newspaper = ]
	| date = 9 June 2003
	| accessdate = 11 June 2012
	}}</ref> However, Bangalore sometimes does face water shortages, especially during summer- more so in the years of low rainfall. A ] study of the ] (AQI) of twenty stations within the city indicated scores that ranged from 76 to 314, suggesting heavy to severe air pollution around areas of traffic concentration.<ref name=EIA>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.bmrtl.com/EIA.PDF
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20060320001853/http://www.bmrtl.com/EIA.PDF
	| archivedate = 20 March 2006
	| title = Environmental impact analysis
	| format = PDF
	| publisher = Bangalore Metropolitan Rapid Transport Corporation Limited, Government of Karnataka
	| year = 2006
	| accessdate = 11 June 2012
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore has a handful of freshwater lakes and ]s, the largest of which are Madivala tank, ] lake, ] lake, Yediyur Lake and ]. Groundwater occurs in ]y to ]y layers of the ] sediments. The ]ic Complex (PGC) is the most dominant rock unit in the area and includes ]s, ]es and ]s, while the soils of Bangalore consist of red ] and red, fine ]y to ]ey soils.<ref name="EIA" />
	Vegetation in the city is primarily in the form of large ] ] and minority ] trees. Though Bangalore has been classified as a part of the seismic zone II (a stable zone), it has experienced quakes of magnitude as high as 4.5.<ref name="quake">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2001/jan/30inter.htm
	| title = The Rediff interview. Dr S K Srivastav, additional director general, Indian Meteorological Department
	| publisher = ]
	| date = 30 January 2000
	| first = Onkar
	| last = Singh
	| accessdate = 2 July 2007
	}}</ref>
	===Climate===
	Bangalore has a ] (] ''Aw'') with distinct ] and ] seasons. Due to its high elevation, Bangalore usually enjoys a more moderate climate throughout the year, although occasional heat waves can make summer somewhat uncomfortable.<ref name="hightemp">{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/05/18/stories/2005051818670300.htm
	| newspaper = The Hindu
	| title = Rise in temperature 'unusual' for Bangalore
	| accessdate = 2 July 2007
	| date = 18 May 2005
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref> The coolest month is January with an average low temperature of {{convert|15.1|°C}} and the hottest month is April with an average high temperature of {{convert|35|°C|0}}.<ref name="metrain">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/climate/bangalore1.htm
	| title = Bangalore
	| publisher = India Meteorological Department, Government of India
	| accessdate = 7 February 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070708113015/http://www.imd.ernet.in/section/climate/bangalore1.htm
	| archivedate = 8 July 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	}}</ref> The highest temperature ever recorded in Bangalore is {{convert|39.2|°C|0}} (recorded on 24 April 2016) as there was a strong El Nino in 2016 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bengaluru-records-highest-temperature-since-1931/article8516533.ece |title=Bengaluru records highest temperature since 1931 |publisher=The Hindu |date=2016-04-24 |accessdate=2017-09-05}}</ref> There were also unofficial records of {{convert|41|°C|0}} on that day. The lowest ever recorded is {{convert|7.8|°C|0}} in January 1884.<ref name="hightem">{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/10/stories/2006051022920300.htm
	| newspaper = The Hindu
	| date = 10 May 2006
	| title = Set up rain gauges in areas prone to flooding
	| first = Vidyashree
	| last = Amaresh
	| accessdate = 22 December 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071216110551/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/10/stories/2006051022920300.htm
	| archivedate = 16 December 2007
	| deadurl = no
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref><ref name="lowtem">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/Dec172006/city115220061217.asp
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| date = 17 December 2006
	| title = Bangalore weather back again
	| author = Ashwini Y.S.
	| accessdate = 22 December 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071204091959/http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/Dec172006/city115220061217.asp
	| archivedate = 4 December 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	}}</ref> Winter temperatures rarely drop below {{convert|14|°C}}, and summer temperatures seldom exceed {{convert|36|°C}}. Bangalore receives rainfall from both the northeast and the southwest ]s and the wettest months are September, October and August, in that order.<ref name="metrain" /> The summer heat is moderated by fairly frequent ]s, which occasionally cause power outages and local flooding. Most of the rainfall occurs during late afternoon/evening or night and rain before noon is infrequent. November 2015 (290.4&nbsp;mm) was recorded as one of the wettest months in Bangalore with heavy rains causing severe flooding in some areas, and closure of a number of organisations for over a couple of days.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Bangalore |title=Global monitoring precipitation |url=http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/global_monitoring/precipitation/sn43295_1yr.gif |website=www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov}}</ref>
	The heaviest rainfall recorded in a 24-hour period is {{convert|179|mm|in|0}} recorded on 1 October 1997.<ref name="rainmax">{{cite web
	|url=http://www.flonnet.com/fl2223/stories/20051118005402400.htm
	|work=The Frontline
	|date=5 November 2005
	|title=Bangalore's woes
	|first=Ravi
	|last=Sharma
	|accessdate=5 February 2008
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080220184237/http://www.flonnet.com/fl2223/stories/20051118005402400.htm
	|archivedate=20 February 2008
	|deadurl=yes
	}}</ref>
	{{Weather box
	|location = Bangalore
	|metric first = Y
	|single line = Y
	|Jan record high C = 32.8
	|Feb record high C = 35.9
	|Mar record high C = 37.3
	|Apr record high C = 39.2
	|May record high C = 38.9
	|Jun record high C = 38.1
	|Jul record high C = 33.3
	|Aug record high C = 33.3
	|Sep record high C = 33.3
	|Oct record high C = 32.4
	|Nov record high C = 31.7
	|Dec record high C = 31.1
	|Jan high C = 27.9
	|Feb high C = 30.7
	|Mar high C = 33.1
	|Apr high C = 34.0
	|May high C = 33.3
	|Jun high C = 29.6
	|Jul high C = 28.3
	|Aug high C = 27.8
	|Sep high C = 28.6
	|Oct high C = 28.2
	|Nov high C = 27.2
	|Dec high C = 26.5
	|year high C = 29.6
	|Jan low C = 15.8
	|Feb low C = 17.5
	|Mar low C = 20.0
	|Apr low C = 22.0
	|May low C = 21.7
	|Jun low C = 20.4
	|Jul low C = 19.9
	|Aug low C = 19.8
	|Sep low C = 19.8
	|Oct low C = 19.6
	|Nov low C = 18.0
	|Dec low C = 16.2
	|year low C = 19.2
	|Jan record low C = 7.8
	|Feb record low C = 9.4
	|Mar record low C = 11.1
	|Apr record low C = 14.4
	|May record low C = 16.7
	|Jun record low C = 16.7
	|Jul record low C = 16.1
	|Aug record low C = 14.4
	|Sep record low C = 15.0
	|Oct record low C = 13.2
	|Nov record low C = 9.6
	|Dec record low C = 8.9
	|rain colour = green
	|Jan rain mm = 1.9
	|Feb rain mm = 5.4
	|Mar rain mm = 18.5
	|Apr rain mm = 41.5
	|May rain mm = 107.4
	|Jun rain mm = 106.5
	|Jul rain mm = 112.9
	|Aug rain mm = 147.0
	|Sep rain mm = 212.8
	|Oct rain mm = 168.3
	|Nov rain mm = 48.9
	|Dec rain mm = 15.7
	|Jan rain days = 0.2
	|Feb rain days = 0.4
	|Mar rain days = 1.1
	|Apr rain days = 3.1
	|May rain days = 6.7
	|Jun rain days = 6.2
	|Jul rain days = 7.2
	|Aug rain days = 9.9
	|Sep rain days = 9.8
	|Oct rain days = 8.3
	|Nov rain days = 3.8
	|Dec rain days = 1.4
	|Jan sun = 262.3
	|Feb sun = 247.6
	|Mar sun = 271.4
	|Apr sun = 257.0
	|May sun = 241.1
	|Jun sun = 136.8
	|Jul sun = 111.8
	|Aug sun = 114.3
	|Sep sun = 143.6
	|Oct sun = 173.1
	|Nov sun = 190.2
	|Dec sun = 211.7
	|Jan humidity = 60
	|Feb humidity = 52
	|Mar humidity = 30
	|Apr humidity = 43
	|May humidity = 60
	|Jun humidity = 72
	|Jul humidity = 76
	|Aug humidity = 79
	|Sep humidity = 76
	|Oct humidity = 73
	|Nov humidity = 70
	|Dec humidity = 68
	|source 1 = Indian Meteorological Department<ref name= IMD>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/bangaluru2.htm
	| title = Bangalore Climatological Table 1981–2010
	| accessdate = 1 October 2016
	| publisher = Indian Meteorological Department
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20161001134429/http://www.imd.gov.in/section/climate/extreme/bangaluru2.htm
	| archivedate = 1 October 2016
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
	|title=Extremes of India
	|publisher=Indian Meteorological Department
	|accessdate=20 January 2015
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6GmnoaB0m?url=http://www.imdpune.gov.in/Temp_Extremes/histext2010.pdf
	|archivedate=21 May 2013
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	|source 2 = NOAA (humidity and sun: 1971–1990)<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
	| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/IN/43295.TXT
	| title = Bangalore Climate Normals 1971–1990
	| publisher = ]
	| accessdate = 24 December 2012
	}}</ref>
	|date = August 2010
	}}
	==Demographics==
	{{See also|Housing in Bangalore}}
	<!--] is located in ], Bangalore.]]-->
	] is the ] of the ]]]
	{{IndiaCensusPop
	|title= Population Growth
	|state=
	|1941= 406760
	|1951= 778977
	|1961= 1207000
	|1971= 1654000
	|1981= 2922000
	|1991= 4130000
	|2001= 5101000
	|2011= 8425970
	|estimate=
	|estyear=
	|estref=
	|footnote= Source: ]<ref name="Census population">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.cicred.org/Eng/Seminars/Details/Seminars/PDE2007/Papers/IYER_Neelakantan_paperNairobi2007-project.pdf
	| title = Census population
	| work = Census of India
	| page = 21
	| accessdate = 7 June 2008
	| format = PDF
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
	| title = Provisional population totals, Census of India 2011
	| accessdate = 29 November 2011
	| format = PDF
	}}</ref>}}
	{{bar box
	|title=Religion in Bangalore (2011)<ref name=GISData/>
	|titlebar=#Fcd666
	|left1=Religion
	|right1=Percent
	|float=right
	|bars=
	{{bar percent|Hinduism|orange|78.87}}
	{{bar percent|Islam|green|13.90}}
	{{bar percent|Christianity|red|5.61}}
	{{bar percent|Jainism|pink|0.97}}
	{{bar percent|Others†|black|0.65}}
	|caption=Distribution of religions<br />
	†<small>Includes Sikhism (0.15%), Buddhism (0.06%).</small>
	}}
	With a population estimated to be between 10,456,000 and 12,339,000,<ref name="UNcities2016">{{cite web|title=The World's Cities in 2016|url=https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2016_data_booklet.pdf|publisher=]|accessdate=4 March 2017|page=4|format=PDF|date=October 2016}}</ref><ref name="IndOnline-Bang">{{cite web|title=Population of Bangalore 2017- Bangalore Current Population|url=http://www.indiaonlinepages.com/population/bangalore-population.html|website=www.indiaonlinepages.com}}</ref>
	up from 8.5 million at the 2011 census,<ref name=2011UA>{{cite web
	| title = Urban Agglomerations/Cities having population 1 lakh and above
	| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
	| work = Censusindia
	| publisher = The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India
	| accessdate = 17 October 2011
	}}</ref> Bangalore is a ], and the third most populous city in India and the 18th most populous city in the world.<ref name="census11">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
	| publisher = censusindia.gov.in
	| title = Cities having population 1 lakh and above
	| accessdate = 24 July 2012
	}}</ref> Bangalore was the fastest-growing Indian metropolis after ] between 1991 and 2001, with a growth rate of 38% during the decade. Residents of Bangalore are referred to as "Bangaloreans" in English and ''Bengaloorinavaru or Bengaloorigaru'' in Kannada. People from other states have migrated to Bangalore.<ref name=kannadapop>{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2004/07/23/stories/2004072310610400.htm
	| title = Kannadigas assured of all support
	| work = The Hindu
	| date = 23 July 2004
	| accessdate = 10 May 2010
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref>
	According to the 2011 census of India, 78.9% of Bangalore's population is ], a little less than the ].<ref name=GISData>{{cite web|title=Population By Religious Community – Karnataka|year=2011|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01.html|format=XLS|publisher=Office of The Registrar General and Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=13 September 2015}}.Click on arrow adjacent to state Karnataka so that a Microsoft excel document is downloaded with district wise population of different religious groups. Scroll down to BBMP (M. Corp. + OG) in the document at row no. '''596'''.</ref> ]s comprise 13.9% of the population, roughly the same as their national average. ]s and ]s account for 5.6% and 1.0% of the population, respectively, double that of their national averages. The city has a literacy rate of 89%.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
	| title = Provisional Population Totals, Census of India 2011
	| publisher = ]
	| accessdate = 28 December 2011
	| deadurl = no
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111113152754/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
	| archivedate = 13 November 2011
	}}</ref> Roughly 10% of Bangalore's population lives in ]s.<ref name=indiancityslums>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/
	| title = Total Population, Slum Population&nbsp;...
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070806121833/http://www.censusindia.net/results/slum/slum2.html
	| archivedate = 6 August 2007
	}} Census of India, 2001. 2006. ]</ref>—a relatively low proportion when compared to other cities in the developing world such as Mumbai (50%) and ] (60%).<ref name=slumpop2>Warah, Rasna. . The EastAfrican. 2006. National Media Group Ltd. 6 October 2003</ref> The 2008 ] statistics indicate that Bangalore accounts for 8.5% of the total crimes reported from 35 major cities in India which is an increase in the crime rate when compared to the number of crimes fifteen years ago.<ref name=NCRB>{{cite web
	|url=http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2008/cii-2008/Snapshots.pdf
	|title=Snaphhots&nbsp;– 2008
	|publisher=National Crime Records Bureau
	|accessdate=21 October 2010
	|format=PDF
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622023825/http://ncrb.nic.in/CII2008/cii-2008/Snapshots.pdf
	|archivedate=22 June 2011
	|df=
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore suffers from the same major urbanisation problems seen in many fast-growing cities in developing countries: rapidly escalating social inequality, mass displacement and dispossession, proliferation of slum settlements, and epidemic public health crisis due to severe water shortage and sewage problems in poor and working-class neighbourhoods.<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Roy
	| first1 = Ananya
	| last2 = Ong
	| first2 = Aihwa
	| title = Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global
	| chapter = Speculating on the Next World City
	| volume = 42
	| edition = illustrated
	| publisher = John Wiley & Sons
	| year = 2011
	| isbn = 978-1-4443-4678-7
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore is a ] city. The official language in Bangalore is ]. Other languages such as English, ], ], ], ], ] are also spoken widely.<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Kaminsky
	| first1 = Arnold P.
	| last2 = Long
	| first2 = Roger D.
	| title = India Today: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic: An Encyclopedia of Life in the Republic
	| volume = 1
	| edition = reprint
	| publisher = ABC-CLIO
	| year = 2011
	| page = 75
	| isbn = 978-0-313-37463-0
	}}</ref> The Kannada language spoken in Bangalore is a form of Kannada called as '] Kannada' which is also used in most of the southern part of Karnataka state. A vernacular dialect of this, known as ], is spoken among the youth in Bangalore and the adjoining ] regions.<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Brown
	| first1 = Keith
	| last2 = Ogilvie
	| first2 = Sarah
	| title = Concise Encyclopedia of Languages of the World
	| edition = revised
	| publisher = Elsevier
	| year = 2010
	| page = 577
	| isbn = 978-0-08-087775-4
	}}</ref> English (as an Indian dialect) is extensively spoken and is the principal language of the professional and business class.<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Lindsay
	| first1 = Jennifer
	| title = Between Tongues: Translation And/of/in Performance in Asia
	| edition = illustrated, reprint, annotated
	| publisher = NUS Press
	| year = 2006
	| page = 52
	| isbn = 9789971693398
	}}</ref>
	The major communities of Bangalore who share a long history in the city other than the ] are the ] and ], who migrated to Bangalore in search of a better livelihood.<ref name="diverse" /><ref>{{cite news
	| first = Deepika
	| last = Sarma
	| title = Building blocks of one of the city's largest communities
	| date = 4 October 2012
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/building-blocks-of-one-of-the-citys-largest-communities/article3961678.ece
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 9 September 2013
	}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Srinivas|2004|pp=100–102|loc=The Settlement of Tamil-Speaking Groups in Bangalore|Ref=Sri2004}}</ref> Already in the 16th century, Bangalore had few speakers of Tamil and Telugu, who spoke Kannada to carry out low profile jobs. However the Telugu Speaking Morasu Vokkaligas are the Native people of Bangalore<ref>{{harvnb|Srinivas|2004|p=5|Ref=Sri2004}}</ref> Telugu-speaking people initially came to Bangalore on invitation by the Mysore royalty (a few of them have lineage dating back to ]).<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/31/stories/2007103160320300.htm
	| title = Bangalore calling: it all goes way back...
	| accessdate = 9 September 2013
	| last = Srivatsa
	| first = Sharath S.
	| date = 31 October 2007
	| work = ]
	}}</ref>
	Other native communities are the ] and the ] of coastal Karnataka, the ] of the ] of Karnataka. The migrant communities are ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and ].<ref name="diverse">{{cite web
	|first = G N
	|last = Prashanth
	|title = A melting pot that welcomes all
	|url = http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=22&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=18-07-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar02200&publabel=TOI
	|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140502011608/http://mobiletoi.timesofindia.com/mobile.aspx?article=yes&pageid=22&edlabel=TOIBG&mydateHid=18-07-2009&pubname=Times+of+India+-+Bangalore&edname=&articleid=Ar02200&publabel=TOI
	|dead-url = yes
	|archive-date = 2 May 2014
	|work = ]
	|accessdate = 9 September 2013
	}}</ref> Bangalore once had a large ] population, the second largest after ]. Today, there are around 10,000 Anglo-Indians in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news
	| author1 = M.V. Chandrasekhar
	| author2 = Sahana Charan
	| title = They are now part of city's unique social mix
	| date = 23 December 2006
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/23/stories/2006122324880300.htm
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 9 September 2013
	}}</ref> Christians form a sizeable section of Bangalorean society, with migrant forming the majority of the Christian population, while Kannada Catholics, ], ] ] and others form the rest of the population.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.ucanindia.in/news/bangalore-included-in-mandya;-new-bishop-named/29918/daily
	| title = Bangalore included in Mandya; new bishop named
	| publisher =
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
	| first = Joseph
	| last = Christopher
	| title = In the Indian rector's murder, the 'why' matters as much as the 'who'
	| url = http://www.ucanews.com/news/in-the-indian-rectors-murder-the-why-matters-as-much-as-the-who/70603
	| date = 31 March 2014
	| publisher = UCA News
	| accessdate = 1 May 2014
	}}</ref> Muslims form a very diverse population, consisting of ] and Urdu-speaking Muslims, ]s, ] and ]s.<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Gayer
	| first1 = Laurent
	| last2 = Jaffrelot
	| first2 = Christophe
	| title = Muslims in Indian Cities: Trajectories of Marginalisation
	| edition = illustrated
	| publisher = Hurst Publishers
	| year = 2012
	| page = 290
	| isbn = 978-1-84904-176-8
	}}</ref>
	== Languages ==
	According to following is the distribution of Bangalore district people as per their mother tongue.
	While Kannada is the official language of Bangalore but the city is multi-cultural with Kannandigas forming plurality. According to census 2011, Kannada spoken by 45.47%, Tamil spoken by 14.2%, Telugu spoken by 13.99%, Urdu spoken by 12.11%, Hindi spoken by 5.51%, Malayalam spoken by 2.94%, Marathi spoken by 1.92%, Konkani spoken by 0.67%, Bengali spoken by 0.64%, Oriya spoken by 0.52%, Tulu spoken by 0.49%, Gujarati spoken by 0.47%.
	==Civic administration==
	{{See also|Infrastructure in Bangalore}}
	{| class="infobox bordered" style="width:20em;"
	|-
	! colspan="2" style="background:#c2d6e5; text-align: centre; font-size: 110%;"| Important officials of Bangalore
	|-
	! Municipal Commissioner:
	| N. Manjunath Prasad, IAS
	|-
	! ]:
	| Gangambike Mallikarjun<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/gangambike-elected-as-bengalurus-new-mayor/articleshow/65996515.cms|title=Gangambike elected as Bengaluru’s new Mayor|date=2018-09-28|work=The Economic Times|access-date=2018-10-02}}</ref>
	|-
	! ]:
	| T. Suneel Kumar, IPS
	|}
	{{Multiple image
	|align=left
	|direction=vertical
	|image1=High Court of Karnataka, Bangalore MMK.jpg
	|caption1=The ] is the supreme judicial body in Karnataka and is located in Bangalore.
	|image2=Vikas Soudha.JPG
	|caption2=The Vikasa Soudha, situated adjacent to the ], houses many state ministries.
	|image3=One of the typical Interceptors used by the Bangalore Traffic Police.jpg
	|caption3=A typical traffic speed interceptor used by the ]
	}}
	The ] (BBMP, ''Greater Bangalore Municipal Corporation'') is in charge of the civic administration of the city. It was formed in 2007 by merging 100 wards of the erstwhile ''Bangalore Mahanagara Palike'', with seven neighbouring City Municipal Councils, one Town Municipal Council and 110 villages around Bangalore. The number of wards increased to 198 in 2009.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Layout/Includes/TOINEW/ArtWin.asp?From=Archive&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIBG%2F2010%2F03%2F10&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00200&AppName=1
	| title = How BMP became Bruhat
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	| last = Prashanth
	| first = G. N.
	| work = ]
	}}</ref><ref name="bbmp">{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/01/18/stories/2007011820460300.htm
	| work = The Hindu
	| title = Greater Bangalore, but higher tax?
	| author = Afshan Yasmeen
	| accessdate = 17 October 2007
	| location = Chennai, India
	| date = 18 January 2007
	}}</ref> The BBMP is run by a city council composed of 250 members, including 198 ]s representing each of the ] of the city and 52 other elected representatives, consisting of members of Parliament and the state legislature. Elections to the council are held once every five years, with results being decided by ]. Members contesting elections to the council usually represent one or more of the state's political parties. A mayor and deputy mayor are also elected from among the elected members of the council.<ref name="Council">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/62189/bbmp-election-result-2-pm.html
	| title = BBMP election result by 2&nbsp;pm
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| location = India
	| date = 4 April 2010
	| accessdate = 5 May 2010
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100409054108/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/62189/bbmp-election-result-2-pm.html
	| archivedate = 9 April 2010
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> Elections to the BBMP were held on 28 March 2010, after a gap of three and a half years since the expiry of the previous elected body's term, and the ] was voted into power&nbsp;– the first time it had ever won a civic poll in the city.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_bjp-wins-bruhat-bangalore-mahanagara-palike-elections-for-the-first-time_1367595
	| title = BJP wins Bangalore municipal elections for the first time
	| work = Daily News and Analysis
	| location = India
	| date = 5 April 2010
	| accessdate = 5 May 2010
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100408151645/http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_bjp-wins-bruhat-bangalore-mahanagara-palike-elections-for-the-first-time_1367595
	| archivedate = 8 April 2010
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> ] councillor Sampath Raj became ] in September 2017, the vote having been boycotted by the ].<ref name="TH-Sept2017">{{cite news|last1=Reporter|first1=Staff|title=Sampath Raj is city’s new Mayor|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/sampath-raj-is-citys-new-mayor/article19768858.ece|work=The Hindu|date=28 September 2017|language=en-IN}}</ref> In September 2018, ] councillor Gangambike Mallikarjun was elected as the ]<ref name=":0" /> and took charge from the outgoing Mayor, ].
	Bangalore's rapid growth has created several problems relating to traffic congestion and infrastructural obsolescence that the Bangalore Mahanagara Palike has found challenging to address. The unplanned nature of growth in the city resulted in massive traffic ]s that the municipality attempted to ease by constructing a ] system and by imposing one-way traffic systems. Some of the flyovers and one-ways mitigated the traffic situation moderately but were unable to adequately address the disproportionate growth of city traffic.<ref name="urban">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.ces.iisc.ernet.in/energy/water/paper/urbanfloods_bangalore/profile.htm
	| title = Urban Floods: Case Study of Bangalore
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	| last = Ramachandra
	| first = T. V.
	| author2 = Pradeep P. Mujumdar
	| publisher = ]
	}}</ref> A 2003 ''Battelle Environmental Evaluation System'' (BEES) evaluation of Bangalore's physical, biological and socioeconomic parameters indicated that Bangalore's water quality and terrestrial and aquatic ]s were close to ''ideal'', while the city's socioeconomic parameters (traffic, ]) aire quality and ] scored poorly.<ref name="bees">{{cite web|url=http://www.bmrtl.com/EIA.PDF |title=Environmental Impact Analysis |accessdate=2006-03-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060320001853/http://www.bmrtl.com/EIA.PDF |archivedate=20 March 2006 |df=dmy }}&nbsp;{{small|(362&nbsp;KB)}}. Bangalore Metropolitan Rapid Transport Corporation Limited. 2006. Government of Karnataka. 2005. (pp. 30–32)</ref> The BBMP works in conjunction with the ] (BDA) and the Agenda for Bangalore's Infrastructure and Development Task Force (ABIDe) to design and implement civic and infrastructural projects.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://epaper.timesofindia.com/Default/Scripting/ArticleWin.asp?From=Archive&Source=Page&Skin=TOINEW&BaseHref=TOIBG%2F2010%2F04%2F24&GZ=T&ViewMode=HTML&EntityId=Ar00202&AppName=1
	| title = The Bruhat Journey
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	| work = ]
	}}</ref>
	The ] (BCP) has seven geographic zones, includes the Traffic Police, the City Armed Reserve, the Central Crime Branch and the City Crime Record Bureau and runs 86 police stations, including two all-women police stations.<ref name=bcp> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060220032844/http://www.bcp.gov.in/english/index.htm |date=20 February 2006 }}. Bangalore City Police. 2006. Karnataka State Police.</ref> As capital of the state of Karnataka, Bangalore houses important state government facilities such as the ], the ] (the home of the Karnataka state legislature) and ] (the residence of the Governor of Karnataka). Bangalore contributes four members to the lower house of the ], the '']'', from its four constituencies: ], ], ], and ],<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf
	|title=Constituency Wise Detailed Results
	|publisher=]
	|format=PDF
	|accessdate=14 September 2013
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811090059/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/archiveofge2009/Stats/VOLI/25_ConstituencyWiseDetailedResult.pdf
	|archivedate=11 August 2014
	|df=
	}}</ref> and 28 members to the ].<ref>{{cite news
	| first = S.
	| last = Rajendran
	| title = Power of the city
	| date = 19 April 2013
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/power-of-the-city/article4631157.ece
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	Electricity in Bangalore is regulated through the ] (BESCOM),<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.bescom.org/en/aboutus/index.asp
	| title = About Us
	| work = Official webpage of BESCOM
	| accessdate = 5 May 2010
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080731092131/http://www.bescom.org/en/aboutus/index.asp
	| archivedate = 31 July 2008
	| deadurl = yes
	}}</ref> while ] and ] facilities are provided by the ] (BWSSB).<ref>{{cite web
	|url = http://bwssb.org/mission-history/
	|title = BESCOM Mission Statement
	|accessdate = 13 October 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20121020070108/http://bwssb.org/mission-history/
	|archivedate = 20 October 2012
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref>
	The city has offices of the ],<ref>{{cite news
	|title=German consulate in Bangalore formally inaugurated
	|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov212008/city20081121102018.asp?section=updatenews
	|accessdate=25 June 2012
	|newspaper=Deccan Herald
	|date=21 November 2008
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131211220647/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Nov212008/city20081121102018.asp?section=updatenews
	|archivedate=11 December 2013
	|df=
	}}</ref> France,<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Nos coordonnées
	| url = http://ambafrance-in.org/-Bangalore,1026-
	| publisher = Consulat général de France à Bangalore
	| accessdate = 25 June 2012
	}}</ref> Japan<ref>{{cite web
	|title=Consulate of Japan, Bangalore
	|url=http://www.in.emb-japan.go.jp/Contact_Us/bangalore.html
	|publisher=Embassy of Japan, New Delhi
	|accessdate=25 June 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120708015906/http://www.in.emb-japan.go.jp/Contact_Us/bangalore.html
	|archivedate=8 July 2012
	}}</ref> Israel,<ref>{{cite news
	| last = Bose
	| first = Praveen
	| title = Israel to open consulate in Bangalore
	| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/israel-to-open-consulate-in-bangalore/478574/
	| accessdate = 27 June 2012
	| newspaper = Business Standard
	| date = 27 June 2012
	}}</ref> British Deputy High Commission,<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Bangalore Location and Access
	| url = https://www.gov.uk/government/world/organisations/british-deputy-high-commission-bangalore
	| accessdate = 7 May 2013
	}}</ref> along with honorary consulates of Ireland,<ref>{{cite web
	|title=Department of Foreign Affairs
	|url=http://www.irelandinindia.com/home/index.aspx?id=52432
	|publisher=Embassy of Ireland, New Delhi
	|accessdate=25 June 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626040307/http://www.irelandinindia.com/home/index.aspx?id=52432
	|archivedate=26 June 2012
	|df=
	}}</ref> Finland,<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.formin.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=40278&contentlan=2&culture=en-US
	|title=Contact Information: Finland´s Honorary Consulate, Bangalore (India) – Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland: Diplomatic missions: Bangalore (Honorary Consulate)
	|publisher=Formin.fi
	|date=3 March 2010
	|accessdate=25 November 2010
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717054718/http://www.formin.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=40278&contentlan=2&culture=en-US
	|archivedate=17 July 2011
	}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://meaprotocol.nic.in/cgi-bin/db2www/foreignmission.d2w/seDataMis#SwitzerlandBangalore
	|title=Missions List
	|publisher=Meaprotocol.nic.in
	|accessdate=25 November 2010
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101115134951/http://meaprotocol.nic.in/cgi-bin/db2www/foreignmission.d2w/seDataMis
	|archivedate=15 November 2010
	|df=
	}}</ref> Maldives,<ref>{{cite web
	|title=Maldives Honorary Consuls in India
	|url=http://www.maldiveshighcom.in/index.php/honconsuls
	|publisher=Maldives High Commission, New Delhi
	|accessdate=25 June 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001201140/http://www.maldiveshighcom.in/index.php/honconsuls
	|archivedate=1 October 2011
	}}</ref> Mongolia, Sri Lanka and Peru.<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Embassy of Peru in India and Honorary Consulates
	| url = http://www.embassyperuindia.in/embassyofperuinindia.html
	| publisher = Government of Peru
	| accessdate = 22 August 2012
	}}</ref> It also has a trade office of Canada<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Trade Office of Canada in Bangalore
	| url = http://www.canadainternational.gc.ca/india-inde/offices-bureaux/bangalore.aspx?lang=eng&view=d
	| publisher = Government of Canada
	| accessdate = 25 June 2012
	}}</ref> and a virtual Consulate of the United States.<ref>{{cite web
	|title = United States Virtual Consulate Bangalore, India
	|url = http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/vppbangalore.html
	|publisher = Consulate General of the United States, Chennai
	|accessdate = 25 June 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20111125193948/http://chennai.usconsulate.gov/vppbangalore.html
	|archivedate = 25 November 2011
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref>
	===Pollution control===
	Bangalore generates about 3,000 tonnes of ] per day, of which about 1,139 tonnes are collected and sent to ] units such as the Karnataka Composting Development Corporation. The remaining solid waste collected by the municipality is dumped in open spaces or on roadsides outside the city.<ref name=solidwaste>van Beukering, Sehker, et al.{{cite web|url=http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/8113IIED.pdf |title=Analysing Urban Solid Waste&nbsp;... |accessdate=2006-05-02 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060304102415/http://www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/8113IIED.pdf |archivedate=4 March 2006 |df=dmy }} ], 2006. March 1999.</ref> In 2008, Bangalore produced around 2,500&nbsp;] of ], and increased to 5000 ] in 2012, which is transported from collection units located near ], to the garbage dumping sites.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.rediff.com/news/2008/feb/07level.htm
	| title = Bangalore: Pollution levels at all time high
	| publisher = Rediff.com
	| accessdate = 6 September 2012
	}}</ref> The city suffers significantly with dust pollution, hazardous waste disposal, and disorganised, unscientific waste retrievals.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report_exclusive-50pct-of-bangalores-air-pollution-caused-due-to-dust_1618349
	| title = Exclusive! 50% of Bangalore's air pollution caused due to dust&nbsp;– Bangalore
	| work = Daily News and Analysis
	| date = 28 November 2011
	| accessdate = 6 September 2012
	}}</ref> The IT hub, Whitefield region is the most polluted area in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-02-23/bangalore/31090885_1_whitefield-rspm-air-pollution-levels
	| work = The Times of India
	| title = Whitefield is most polluted area in Bangalore
	| date = 23 February 2012
	}}</ref> Recently a study found that over 36% of diesel vehicles in the city exceed the national limit for emissions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/36-diesel-vehicles-exceed-national-limit-for-emissions-Study/articleshow/53851872.cms|title=36% diesel vehicles exceed national limit for emissions: Study – Times of India|access-date=2016-08-30}}</ref>
	===Slums===
	According to a 2012 report submitted to the ] by Karnataka Slum Clearance Board, Bangalore had 862 slums from total of around 2000 ]s in Karnataka. The families living in the slum were not ready to move into the temporary shelters.<ref name="iijnm1">{{cite news
	|last=Teja
	|first=Bhanu
	|url=http://www.iijnm.org/media_uploads/thesoftcopy/2011_2012/city_slum.html
	|title=Slum dwellers rehoused Bangalore&nbsp;– The SoftCopy
	|publisher=Iijnm.org
	|accessdate=22 October 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130510231612/http://www.iijnm.org/media_uploads/thesoftcopy/2011_2012/city_slum.html
	|archivedate=10 May 2013
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
	|url=http://indiasanitationportal.org/133
	|title=Water India Slums
	|publisher=India Sanitation Portal
	|accessdate=22 October 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921060908/http://indiasanitationportal.org/133
	|archivedate=21 September 2013
	}}</ref> 42% of the households migrated from different parts of India like ], ] and most of ], and 43% of the households had remained in the slums for over 10 years. The Karnataka Municipality, works to shift 300 families annually to newly constructed buildings.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.manipalworldnews.com/2014/10/30/2020-bangalore-will-full-fledged-concrete-jungle/
	|title=By 2020, Bangalore will be a full-fledged concrete jungle
	|work=Udupi News, Manipal News, Mangalore News
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106135846/http://www.manipalworldnews.com/2014/10/30/2020-bangalore-will-full-fledged-concrete-jungle/
	|archivedate=6 November 2014
	}}</ref> One-third of these slum clearance projects lacked basic service connections, 60% of slum dwellers lacked complete water supply lines and shared BWSSB water supply.<ref name="iijnm1" /><ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2011/02/slum-dwellers-illegally-tap-bwssb-supply/
	| title = Slum Dwellers Illegally Tap Board of Water Supply Bangalore's Supply
	| publisher = Youthkiawaaz.com
	| date = 19 February 2011
	| accessdate = 22 October 2012
	}}</ref>
	===Waste management===
	Ιn 2012 Bangalore generated 2.1 million tonnes of ] (195.4&nbsp;kg/cap/yr).<ref>(2012). City Data: LAHORE</ref> The waste management scenario in the state of Karnataka is regulated by the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) under the aegis of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) which is a Central Government entity. As part of their Waste Management Guidelines the Government of Karnataka through the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board (KSPCB) has authorised a few well-established companies to manage the ] and hazardous waste in the state of Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=November 2015}}
	==Economy==
	{{Main|Economy of Bangalore}}
	{{wide image|Bangalore Panorama edit1.jpg|780px|align-cap=center|Bangalore city skyline showing UB City to the left and Richmond Town area to the right|1020px|center|alt=The Bangalore Skyline}}
	]: IJT prototype in its hangar.]]
	], India's second largest IT company, is located in Bangalore]]
	Recent estimates of the economy of Bangalore's metropolitan area have ranged from $45 to $83 billion (] ]), and have ranked it either ] of India.<ref name="Brookings">{{cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/research/global-metro-monitor/|title=Global city GDP 2014|publisher=]|accessdate=8 May 2015}}</ref><ref name="pricewater">{{cite web|url=https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|title=Global city GDP rankings 2008-2025|publisher=]|accessdate=16 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504031739/https://www.ukmediacentre.pwc.com/imagelibrary/downloadMedia.ashx?MediaDetailsID=1562|archive-date=4 May 2011}}</ref><ref name="YahooTop15">{{cite web |title = India's top 15 cities with the highest GDP Photos Yahoo! India Finance|url = https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807049.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009131024/https://in.finance.yahoo.com/photos/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-1348807591-slideshow/the-top-15-indian-cities-by-gdp-photo-1348807049.html|archivedate=9 October 2014|publisher = ] |date = 28 September 2012 |accessdate = 27 March 2017}}</ref><ref name="McKinsey">{{cite web|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/13/the_most_dynamic_cities_of_2025|title=The Most Dynamic Cities of 2025|publisher=Foreign Policy|accessdate=24 August 2012}}</ref> The value of city's exports totalling {{INRConvert|432|b}} in 2004–05.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.wider.unu.edu/publications/working-papers/2010/en_GB/wp2010-80/_files/83759752537047356/default/wp2010-80.pdf
	| title = ICT Sector, Globalisation and Urban Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangalore (India)
	| author = M. R. Narayana
	| work = Working Paper No. 2010/80
	| publisher = ]
	| date = July 2010
	| accessdate = 1 November 2010
	}}</ref> With an economic growth of 10.3%, Bangalore is the second fastest-growing major metropolis in India,<ref name=blorefastest>. Rediff.com. 29 January 2008.</ref> and is also the country's fourth largest ] (FMCG) market.<ref name=4thlargest>. 2006. Rediff.com. 23 August 2006.</ref> ''Forbes'' considers Bangalore one of "The Next Decade's Fastest-Growing Cities".<ref>{{cite news
	| last = Kotkin
	| first = Joel
	| title = The World's Fastest-Growing Cities
	| url = https://www.forbes.com/2010/10/07/cities-china-chicago-opinions-columnists-joel-kotkin.html
	| work = Forbes
	| accessdate = 21 February 2012
	| date = 10 July 2010
	}}</ref> The city is the third largest hub for ]s and is home to over 10,000-dollar millionaires and about 60,000 super-rich people who have an investment surplus of {{INRConvert|45|m|0}} and {{INRConvert|5|m|-2}} respectively.<ref name=HNWI>.2007. ''The Times of India''. Times of India. 1 April 2007</ref>
	The headquarters of several ]s such as ] (BEL), Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), ] (NAL), ] (BHEL), ] (BEML), Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI) and ] (formerly Hindustan Machine Tools) are located in Bangalore. In June 1972 the ] (ISRO) was established under the Department of Space and headquartered in the city. Bangalore also houses several research and development centres for many firms such as ABB, Airbus, Bosch, Boeing, GE, GM, Google, ], Microsoft, Mercedes-Benz, Nokia, Oracle, Philips, Shell, Toyota and Tyco.
	Bangalore is called as the ''Silicon Valley of India'' because of the large number of information technology companies located in the city which contributed 33% of India's {{INRConvert|1442|b|0}} IT exports in 2006–07.<ref name=Nasscom>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage_c.php?leftnm=10&autono=299725
	|title=IT in India: Big successes, large gaps to be filled
	|author=Jairam Ramesh
	|work=Business Standard
	|date=30 September 2007
	|accessdate=4 October 2007
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071204103043/http://www.business-standard.com/common/storypage_c.php?leftnm=10&autono=299725
	|archivedate=4 December 2007
	|deadurl=no
	|df=dmy
	}}</ref> Bangalore's IT industry is divided into three main ]&nbsp;– ] (STPI); ] (ITPB); and ]. UB City, the headquarters of the ], is a high-end commercial zone.<ref>{{Cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-06-22/bangalore/27789370_1_retail-space-ub-city-debenhams
	| work = The Times of India
	| title = UB City is finally here
	| accessdate = 6 April 2009
	| first1 = Sujit
	| last1 = John
	| date = 22 June 2006
	}}</ref> ] and ], India's third and fourth largest software companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global ''SEI-CMM Level 5 Companies''.
	The growth of IT has presented the city with unique challenges. Ideological clashes sometimes occur between the city's IT moguls, who demand an improvement in the city's infrastructure, and the state government, whose electoral base is primarily the people in rural Karnataka.<ref name="clash">{{cite news
	| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051110/asp/opinion/story_5421239.asp
	| work = The Telegraph
	| title = Poverty of Politics&nbsp;– If politicians lack vision, the rate of change will remain slow
	| author = Surendra Munshi
	| accessdate = 25 October 2007
	| location = Calcutta, India
	| date = 10 November 2005
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071123154426/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1051110/asp/opinion/story_5421239.asp
	| archivedate = 23 November 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> The encouragement of high-tech industry in Bangalore, for example, has not favoured local employment development, but has instead increased land values and forced out small enterprise.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/briefing-papers/44-urban-labour-markets-exploitation.pdf
	| title = Opportunity and exploitation in urban labour markets
	| date = November 2008
	| publisher = Overseas Development Institute
	}}</ref> The state has also resisted the massive investments required to reverse the rapid decline in city transport which has already begun to drive new and expanding businesses to other centres across India. Bangalore is a hub for ] related industry in India and in the year 2005, around 47% of the 265 biotechnology companies in India were located here; including ], India's largest biotechnology company.<ref name="biorank">{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042301960600.htm
	| work = The Hindu
	| title = Bangalore Helix to be a reality soon
	| accessdate = 4 October 2007
	| location = Chennai, India
	| date = 23 April 2005
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012172400/http://hindu.com/2005/04/23/stories/2005042301960600.htm
	| archivedate = 12 October 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref><ref name="biolead">{{Cite news
	| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/health-SP/idUSBOM33872620071004
	| agency = Reuters
	| title = Biocon in drug development talks with Bayer
	| accessdate = 4 October 2007
	| first = Sumeet
	| last = Chatterjee
	| date = 4 October 2007
	}}</ref>
	{{clear}}
	==Transport==
	===Air===
	] is located in ].]]
	Bangalore is served by ] {{airport codes|BLR|VOBL}}, located at ], about {{convert|40|km|0|abbr=off}} from the city centre. It was formerly called Bangalore International Airport. The airport started operations from 24 May 2008 and is a private airport managed by a consortium led by the ]. The city was earlier served by the ] at ], a residential locality in the eastern part of the city.<ref>{{cite web
	|url = http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/april2k6_annex3.jsp
	|title = Airports Authority of India: Traffic statistics&nbsp;– Passengers (Intl+Domestic), Annexure IIIC
	|date = April 2006
	|accessdate = 25 January 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130120154236/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/april2k6_annex3.jsp
	|archivedate = 20 January 2013
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	|url = http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/april2k6_annex2.jsp
	|title = Airports Authority of India: Traffic statistics&nbsp;– Aircraft movements (Intl+Domestic), Annexure IIC
	|date = April 2006
	|accessdate = 25 January 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130518032235/http://www.aai.aero/traffic_news/april2k6_annex2.jsp
	|archivedate = 18 May 2013
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref><ref name="traff">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/Oct272006/index211220061026.asp
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| location = India
	| title = Expressway for airport drive
	| author = R. Krishnakumar
	| accessdate = 2 July 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070929123204/http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/Oct272006/index211220061026.asp
	| archivedate = 29 September 2007
	}}</ref> The airport is third busiest in India after ] and ] in terms of passenger traffic and the number of air traffic movements (ATMs).<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-12-14/bangalore/28098026_1_passenger-traffic-traffic-figures-airport
	| work = The Times of India
	| location = India
	| title = Passenger traffic tops 9.3m at Bangalore airport
	| date = 14 December 2009
	}}</ref> Taxis and air conditioned ] buses operated by ] connect the airport with the city.
	===Rail===
	A ] system called the '']'' is being built in stages. Initially opened with the {{convert|7|km|mi}} stretch from Baiyappanahalli to MG Road in 2011,<ref>{{cite news
	|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/south-indias-first-metro-flagged-off/article2554937.ece
	|title=South India’s first metro flagged off
	|first=Anil Kumar
	|last=Sastry
	|date=20 October 2011
	|work=The Hindu
	}}</ref> phase 1 covering a distance of {{convert|42.30|km|mi}} for the North-South and East-West lines was made operational by June 2017.<ref>{{cite news
	|url= http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/2017/jun/08/all-of-bangalore-metro-phase-1-will-be-up-and-running-from-june-18-1614155.html
	|title= All of Bangalore Metro Phase-1 will be up and running from June 18
	|date=8 June 2017
	|author=S Lalitha
	|work=The New India Express
	}}</ref> Phase 2 of the metro covering {{convert|72.1|km|mi}} is under construction and includes two new lines along with the extension of the existing North-South and East-West lines.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://english.bmrc.co.in/FileUploads/phase2forweb.pdf
	|title= Bangalore Metro Rail Project Phase 2
	|publisher= Bangalore Metro Rail Corporation Limited
	}}</ref> There are also plans to extend the North-South line to the airport, covering a distance of {{convert|29.6|km|mi}}. It is expected to be operational by 2021.<ref>{{cite news
	|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/kempegowda-airport-in-bengaluru-to-get-metro-rail-connectivity-by-2021/article21429684.ece
	|title=Cabinet clears 29.62-km Nagawara–Kempegowda International Airport line
	|date=12 December 2017
	|work=The Hindu
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore is a divisional headquarters in the ] of the ]. There are four major railway stations in the city: '']'', ], ] and ], with railway lines towards ] in the east, ] in the north-east, ] in the north, ] in the northwest, ] in the west, ] in the southwest and ] in the south. There is also a railway line from Baiyappanahalli to Vimanapura which is no more in use. Though Bangalore has no commuter rail at present, there have been demands for a suburban rail service keeping in mind the large number of employees working in the IT corridor areas of Whitefield, Outer Ring Road and Electronics City.
	The Rail Wheel Factory is Asia's second largest manufacturer of wheel and axle for railways and is headquartered in Yelahanka, Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web
	|url = http://kojano.com/about-city/how-to-reach/bangalore-transport_i141
	|title = Rail Wheel Factory
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025919/http://kojano.com/about-city/how-to-reach/bangalore-transport_i141
	|archivedate = 29 November 2014
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref>
	===Road===
	] buses are a popular mode of commuting within Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66569/bangaloreans-begin-bond-sleek-swedish.html
	| title = Bangaloreans begin to bond with the sleek Swedish behemoths
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| location = India
	| date = 28 April 2010
	| author = Sharmada Shastry
	| accessdate = 30 April 2010
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100502014107/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/66569/bangaloreans-begin-bond-sleek-swedish.html
	| archivedate = 2 May 2010
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref>]]
	Buses operated by ] (BMTC) are an important and reliable means of public transport available in the city.<ref name="bus">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jun202007/city200706208444.asp
	| title = Loyalty may pay for Volvo commuters!
	| author = S Praveen Dhaneshkar
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| date = 20 June 2007
	| accessdate = 10 April 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070819052527/http://www.deccanherald.com/Content/Jun202007/city200706208444.asp
	| archivedate = 19 August 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	}}</ref> While commuters can buy tickets on boarding these buses, BMTC also provides an option of a bus pass to frequent users.<ref name="bus" /> BMTC runs air-conditioned luxury buses on major routes, and also operates shuttle services from various parts of the city to ] .<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.bangalore-city.com/transport/bangalore-buses.html
	| title = Bangalore-city.com, Bangalore Bus Information, City Buses, Volvo Buses, Tata Marcopolo Buses, Long Distance Buses
	| publisher = Bangalore-city.com
	| accessdate = 29 March 2010
	}}</ref> The BMTC also has a mobile app that provides real-time location of a bus using the ] of the user's mobile device.<ref>{{cite web|title=BMTC launches mobile app|url=https://www.mybmtc.com/news/bmtc%E2%80%88launches-mobile-app|website=mybmtc|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161124102326/https://www.mybmtc.com/news/bmtc%E2%80%88launches-mobile-app|archivedate=24 November 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> The ] operates 6,918 buses on 6,352 schedules, connecting Bangalore with other parts of Karnataka as well as other neighbouring states. The main bus depots that ] maintains are the ], locally known as "Majestic bus stand", where most of the out station buses ply from. Some of the KSRTC buses to ], ] and ] ply from ], Satellite Bus Station at Mysore road and Baiyappanahalli satellite bus station.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://cityplus.jagran.com/city-news/ksrtc-s-tamil-nadu-bound-buses-to-ply-from-shantinagar_1300340102.html
	| title = KSRTC's Tamil Nadu-bound buses to ply from Shantinagar
	| publisher = Cityplus.jagran.com
	| date = 17 March 2011
	| accessdate = 10 June 2013
	}}</ref> BMTC and KSRTC were the first operators in India to introduce Volvo city buses and intracity coaches in India.
	Three-wheeled, yellow and black or yellow and green ]s, referred to as ''autos'', are a popular form of transport. They are metered and can accommodate up to three passengers. ], commonly called ''City Taxis'', are usually available too, but they are only available on call or by online based services. Taxis are metered and are generally more expensive than auto-rickshaws.<ref name="auto">{{cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/15/stories/2006121520050300.htm
	| work = The Hindu
	| title = Stir leaves hundreds stranded
	| accessdate = 17 June 2012
	| date = 15 December 2006
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref>
	There are currently 1,250 vehicles being registered daily on an average in Bangalore RTOs. The total number of vehicles as on date are 44 lakh vehicles, with a road length of {{convert|11000|km|0|abbr=off}}.<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/report-banglore-has-1-car-for-every-2-people-1567546
	| title = Vehicles in Bangalore
	}}</ref>
	{{clear}}
	==Culture==
	{{Main|Culture of Bangalore}}
	{{Multiple image
	|align=right
	|direction=vertical
	|image1=Huvina Karaga.jpg
	|caption1=], one of the oldest and most important festivals in Bangalore
	|image2=Demon Yakshagana.jpg
	|caption2=]&nbsp;– a theatre art of coastal Karnataka is often played in town hall
	}}
	Bangalore is known as the "Garden City of India" because of its greenery, broad streets and the presence of many public parks, such as ] and ].<ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Abram
	| first1 = David
	| last2 = Edwards
	| first2 = Nick
	| title = South India
	| edition = illustrated
	| publisher = Rough Guides
	| year = 2003
	| page = 204
	| isbn = 978-1-84353-103-6
	}}</ref> Bangalore is sometimes called as the "] Capital of India" and the "Rock/Metal Capital of India" because of its underground music scene and it is one of the premier places to hold international rock concerts.<ref>Richard Plunkett (2001), p. 124.</ref> In May 2012, ] ranked Bangalore 3rd among the world's top 10 cities to visit.<ref>{{cite web
	| author = Richard I'Anson
	| url = http://www.lonelyplanet.com/england/london/travel-tips-and-articles/76861
	| title = Lonely Planet's Best in Travel: top 10 cities for 2012&nbsp;– travel tips and articles
	| publisher = Lonely Planet
	| accessdate = 6 September 2012
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore is also home to many ]-friendly restaurants and ] activism groups, and has been named as India's most vegan-friendly city by ] India.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/bangalore-most-veganfriendly-city/article6458500.ece
	| title = Bangalore most 'vegan-friendly' city
	| publisher = ]
	| accessdate = 30 September 2014
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/Bangalore-most-vegan-friendly-city-in-India/articleshow/43829855.cms
	| title = Bangalore most vegan-friendly city in India
	| publisher = ]
	| accessdate = 30 September 2014
	}}</ref>
	] flower shows are held at the ] Gardens during the week of ] (26 January) and ] (15 August). ] or "Karaga Shaktyotsava" is one of the most important and oldest festivals of Bangalore dedicated to the Hindu Goddess ]. It is celebrated annually by the ] community, over a period of nine days in the month of March or April. The Someshwara Car festival is an annual procession of the idol of the ] (Ulsoor) led by the ]s, a major land holding community in the southern Karnataka, occurring in April. ] is widely celebrated on 1 November and is a public holiday in the city, to mark the formation of ] state on 1 November 1956. Other ] in Bangalore are ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>{{harvnb|Bangalore&nbsp;— Mysore|pp=42–45|Ref=bm}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2007/04/02/stories/2007040221520500.htm
	| work = The Hindu, dated Monday, 2 April 2007
	| title = Bangalore Karaga
	| location = Chennai, India
	| date = 2 April 2007
	}}</ref>
	The diversity of cuisine is reflective of the social and economic diversity of Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2007/06/11/stories/2007061154170400.htm
	| title = Explore the continent
	| date = 11 June 2007
	| newspaper = The Hindu
	| accessdate = 16 June 2012
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref> Bangalore has a wide and varied mix of restaurant types and cuisines and Bangaloreans deem eating out as an intrinsic part of their culture. Roadside vendors, ]s, and South Indian, North Indian, ] and Western fast food are all very popular in the city.<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/International-cuisine-pushes-retailers-margins/articleshow/2681793.cms
	| title = International cuisine pushes retailers' margins
	| author = Anand, Swati
	| date = 8 January 2008
	| newspaper = The Times of India
	| accessdate = 16 June 2012
	}}</ref> ] restaurants are very popular and serve predominantly vegetarian, regional cuisine.<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/breakfast-in-bangalore/477454/
	| title = Breakfast in Bangalore
	| author = Malhotra, Samil
	| date = 16 June 2012
	| work = Business Standard
	| accessdate = 16 June 2012
	}}</ref>
	===Art and literature===
	Bangalore did not have an effective contemporary art representation, as compared to ] and ], until recently during the 1990s, several art galleries sprang up, notable being the government established ].<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/3d9f7fea-98f6-11e1-9da3-00144feabdc0.html
	| title = Bangalore rebooted
	| accessdate = 12 September 2013
	| last = Narayan
	| first = Shobha
	| date = 14 May 2012
	| work = ]
	}}</ref> Bangalore's international ], ''Art Bangalore'', was established in 2010.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = Bangalore has a heart for art
	| date = 17 August 2013
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2013-08-17/people/41419943_1_17-galleries-art-bengaluru-uzma-irfan
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 12 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	] appears to have flourished in Bangalore even before Kempe Gowda laid the foundations of the city. During the 18th and 19th centuries, Kannada literature was enriched by the '']'' (a form of rhythmic writing) composed by the heads of the ] ]s (monastery) in Bangalore. As a cosmopolitan city, Bangalore has also encouraged the growth of Telugu, Urdu, and English literatures. The headquarters of the ], a nonprofit organisation that promotes the Kannada language, is located in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news
	| first = K.
	| last = Chandramouli
	| title = Lyrical land
	| date = 26 September 2002
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/mp/2002/09/26/stories/2002092600660200.htm
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 13 September 2013
	}}</ref> The city has its own ], known as the "Bangalore Literature Festival", which was inaugurated in 2012.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = History, they wrote at Bangalore Literature fest
	| date = 12 August 2012
	| url = http://www.deccanchronicle.com/121208/news-current-affairs/article/history-they-wrote-bangalore-literature-fest
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 7 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	===Indian Cartoon Gallery ===
	]
	The cartoon gallery is located in the heart of Bangalore, dedicated to the art of cartooning, is the first of its kind in India. Every month the gallery is conducting fresh cartoon exhibition of various professional as well as amateur cartoonist. The gallery has been organised by the ] based in Bangalore that serves to promote and preserve the work of eminent cartoonists in India. the Institute has organised more than one hundred exhibitions of cartoons.<ref> ], Bangalore, 31 December 2016.</ref><ref> Whatshapp Bangalore : January 5, 2017</ref>
	===Theatre, music, and dance===
	Bangalore is home to the ], which churns out about 80 Kannada movies each year.<ref name="numfilm">{{cite web
	|url = http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2125/stories/20041217006413300.htm
	|work = The Frontline,
	|volume = 21
	|number = 25
	|date = 17 December 2004
	|author = Ravi Sharma
	|title = A chauvinistic turn
	|accessdate = 25 January 2012
	|deadurl = yes
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071210114446/http://frontlineonnet.com/fl2125/stories/20041217006413300.htm
	|archivedate = 10 December 2007
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref> Bangalore also has a very active and vibrant theatre culture with popular theatres being ]<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.bangaloreorbit.com/bangaloredarshan/monuments-in-bangalore/ravindra-kalakshetra.html
	|title=Ravindra Kalakshetra
	|publisher=Bangalore Orbit
	|accessdate=16 June 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313171703/http://www.bangaloreorbit.com/bangaloredarshan/monuments-in-bangalore/ravindra-kalakshetra.html
	|archivedate=13 March 2012
	}}</ref> and the more recently opened ]<ref name="rangashankara">{{cite news
	|url=http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep102007/metromon2007090924391.asp
	|title=An experience called 'Ranga Shankara'
	|last1=Murali
	|first1=Janaki
	|date=10 September 2007
	|newspaper=Deccan Herald
	|accessdate=16 June 2012
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029194402/http://archive.deccanherald.com/Content/Sep102007/metromon2007090924391.asp
	|archivedate=29 October 2013
	}}</ref> The city has a vibrant English and foreign language theatre scene with places like Ranga Shankara and ] leading the way in hosting performances leading to the establishment of the Amateur film industry.<ref name="rangashankara" />
	<!--]&nbsp;– a theatre art often performed in the town hall]]-->
	Kannada theatre is very popular in Bangalore, and consists mostly of political satire and light comedy. Plays are organised mostly by community organisations, but there are some amateur groups which stage plays in Kannada. Drama companies touring India under the auspicies of the ] and ] Bhavan also stage performances in the city frequently.<ref>{{harvnb|Bangalore&nbsp;— Mysore|p=37|Ref=bm}}</ref> The Alliance Française de Bangalore also hosts numerous plays through the year.
	Bangalore is also a major centre of Indian classical music and dance.<ref>{{cite news
	| last = Ravindran
	| first = Nirmala
	| title = Dance and Music is part of our culture
	| url = http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/In+the+city/1/13928.html
	| accessdate = 17 June 2012
	| newspaper = India Today
	| date = 27 August 2008
	}}</ref> The cultural scene is very diverse due to Bangalore's mixed ethnic groups, which is reflected in its music concerts, dance performances and plays. Performances of ] (South Indian) and ] (North Indian) classical music, and dance forms like ], ], ], ], and ] are very popular.<ref name="bm">{{harvnb|Bangalore&nbsp;— Mysore|pp=34–35|Ref=bm}}</ref> ], a theatre art indigenous to coastal Karnataka is often played in town halls.<ref>{{cite news
	| first = Sharath M.
	| last = Sharma
	| title = It's Yakshagana season
	| date = 22 August 2010
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/its-yakshagana-season/article587170.ece
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 13 September 2013
	}}</ref> The two main music seasons in Bangalore are in April–May during the Ram Navami festival, and in September–October during the Dusshera festival, when music activities by cultural organisations are at their peak.<ref name="bm" /> Though both classical and contemporary music are played in Bangalore, the dominant music genre in urban Bangalore is rock music. Bangalore has its own subgenre of music, "Bangalore Rock", which is an amalgamation of ], ] and ], with a bit of ] and ] in it.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = You know music is in Bangalore's DNA, bands tell why
	| date = 24 December 2011
	| url = http://www.dnaindia.com/bangalore/1629608/report-you-know-music-is-in-bangalores-dna-bands-tell-why
	| work = DNA
	| accessdate = 21 September 2013
	}}</ref> Notable bands from Bangalore include ], ], ], ], ], and ].
	The city hosted the ] beauty pageant.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/24/world/miss-world-crowned-as-indians-protest.html|title=Miss World Crowned As Indians Protest|last=Reuters|date=1996-11-24|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-15|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
	==Education==
	{{Main|Education in Bangalore}}
	{{See also|List of educational institutions in Bangalore}}
	{{Multiple image
	|align=left
	|direction=vertical
	|image1=Bangalore College.jpg
	|caption1=]&nbsp;– one of the premier institutes of science in India
	|image2=IIMB Entrance.jpg
	|caption2=], one of the premier management institutes in India
	}}
	=== Schools ===
	Until the early 19th century, education in Bangalore was mainly run by religious leaders and restricted to students of that religion.<ref name="gaz">{{harvnb|Rao|1929|p=494|Ref=mg}}</ref> The western system of education was introduced during the rule of ]. Subsequently, the British ] Mission established the first English school in 1832 known as ]. The fathers of the Paris Foreign Missions established the ] in 1858.<ref>{{cite web
	|url=http://www.stjosephsindianinstitutions.com//?page_id=9
	|title=History
	|work=stjosephsindianinstitutions.com
	|deadurl=yes
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324111204/http://www.stjosephsindianinstitutions.com/?page_id=9
	|archivedate=24 March 2014
	}}</ref> The Bangalore High School was started by the Mysore Government in 1858 and the ] was started in 1865. In 1945 when World War II came to an end, King George Royal Indian Military Colleges was started at Bangalore by King George VI; the school is popularly known as ]<ref name="gaz1">{{harvnb|Rao|1929|p=497|Ref=mg}}</ref><ref>{{cite book
	| last1 = Punekar
	| first1 = Vijaya Bhaskar
	| title = Assimilation: A Study of North Indians in Bangalore
	| publisher = Popular Prakashan
	| year = 1974
	| page = 54
	| isbn = 9788171540129
	}}</ref>
	In post-independent India, schools for young children (16 months–5 years) are called nursery, ] or ] which are broadly based on ] or ]<ref>{{cite web
	| title = Pre-schools work on developing multiple intelligence
	| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/Pre-schools-work-on-developing-multiple-intelligence/articleshow/5224559.cms?referral=PM
	| website = The Times of India
	| accessdate = 1 December 2015
	| date = 13 November 2009
	| last = Gopalakrishnan
	| first = Karthika
	}}</ref> methodology of education.<ref name="kinder">{{Cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2003-08-09/bangalore/27193880_1_international-schools-canadian-school-international-baccalaureate
	| work = The Times of India
	| title = Bangalore a hot destination for foreign students
	| accessdate = 16 October 2007
	| date = 9 August 2003
	}}</ref> Primary and secondary education in Bangalore is offered by various schools which are affiliated to one of the boards of education, such as the ] (SSLC), ] (ICSE), ] (CBSE), ] (IB), ] (IGCSE) and ] (NIOS).<ref name="boards">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/july012004/edu2.asp
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| date = 1 July 2004
	| title = Broad choice of Class X boards
	| accessdate = 16 October 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071106093218/http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/july012004/edu2.asp
	| archivedate = 6 November 2007
	}}</ref> ] are either government run or are private (both aided and un-aided by the government).<ref name="aid">{{Cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2004-05-18/bangalore/28338778_1_karnataka-schools-fear-psychosis-trimester
	| title = Trimester system in all Karnataka schools from 1 June
	| work = The Times of India
	| accessdate = 16 October 2007
	| date = 18 May 2004
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
	| first = S.
	| last = Bageshree
	| title = What will happen to government schools now?
	| date = 9 May 2012
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/what-will-happen-to-government-schools-now/article3398125.ece
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	}}</ref> Bangalore has a significant number of ] due to expats and IT crowd.<ref>{{cite web
	| title = IT crowd, elite prefer international schools
	| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/IT-crowd-elite-prefer-international-schools/articleshow/20868328.cms
	| website = The Times of India
	| accessdate = 1 December 2015
	| last = Ullas
	| first = Sruthy Susan
	| date = 2 July 2013
	}}</ref> After completing their secondary education, students either attend ] (PUC) or continue High School in one of three ''streams''&nbsp;– ], Commerce or Science.<ref name="streams">{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/16/stories/2006051618850300.htm
	| title = Students, parents throng PU colleges in city
	| work = The Hindu
	| publisher = 2006, The Hindu
	| accessdate = 16 October 2007
	| location = Chennai, India
	| date = 16 May 2006
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070921111926/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/16/stories/2006051618850300.htm
	| archivedate = 21 September 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> Alternatively, students may also enroll in Diploma courses. Upon completing the required coursework, students enroll in general or professional degrees in universities through lateral entry.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = Diploma students have a chance in government engineering colleges
	| date = 29 August 2013
	| url = http://newindianexpress.com/cities/bangalore/Diploma-students-have-a-chance-in-government-engineering-colleges/2013/08/29/article1757185.ece
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
	| first = Darinia
	| last = Khongwir
	| title = PUC is not the only option
	| date = 6 May 2009
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-05-06/bangalore/28156113_1_sslc-pu-karnataka-examination-authority
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	Below are some of the historical schools in Bangalore and their year of establishment.
	{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
	* ] (1832)
	* ] (1854)
	* ] (1855)
	* ] (1858)
	* ] (1865)
	* ] (1865)
	* ] (1866)
	* ] (1880)
	* ] (1880)
	* ] (1904)
	* ] (1913)
	* ] (1914)
	* ] (1917)
	* ] (1944)
	* ] (1946)
	* ] (1949)
	{{div col end}}
	=== Universities ===
	], a premier law university known as 'Harvard of the East']]
	]]]
	], established in 1886, provides affiliation to over 500 colleges, with a total student enrolment exceeding 300,000. The university has two campuses within Bangalore&nbsp;– Jnanabharathi and Central College.<ref name="univ">{{Cite news
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2007-01-09/bangalore/27875270_1_bu-bed-colleges-bangalore-university
	| title = BU overloaded, wants to split
	| work = The Times of India
	| accessdate = 16 October 2007
	| date = 9 January 2007
	}}</ref> ] was established in the year 1917, by ], At present, the UVCE is the only engineering college under the ]. Bangalore also has many private Engineering Colleges affiliated to ].
	Some of the institutes in Bangalore are:
	* ]
	* ]
	* ], which was established in 1909 in Bangalore
	* ] (JNCASR),
	* ] (NCBS),
	* ] (NIMHANS).
	* ], and
	Some of the professional institutes located in Bangalore are
	* ] (IIM-B),
	* ]
	* ] (IFIM)
	* ],
	* ] (IIIT-B) and
	* ](NID),
	* ] (NIFT),
	* ] (NLSIU)
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ] (UASB),
	Some private and deemed universities in Bangalore include institutes like ], ], ], ] and ].
	Bangalore medical colleges include ] (SJMC) and ] (BMCRI).<ref name="blredu">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20060908002809900.htm&date=fl2317/&prd=fline&
	| work = the Hindu, Volume 23&nbsp;– Issue 17
	| date = 8 September 2006
	| title = Hub of research
	| author = Parvathi Menon and Ravi Sharma
	| accessdate = 25 January 2012
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
	| title = Bangalore, the education hub
	| date = 27 June 2011
	| url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-06-27/education/29708615_1_education-hub-indian-institute-education-destination
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 14 September 2013
	}}</ref> The ] has a branch located in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.mpbifr-blr.in/about.htm
	| title = About Us
	| publisher = M. P. Birla Institute of Fundamental Research
	| accessdate = 6 May 2012
	}}</ref>
	==Media==
	The first printing press in Bangalore was established in 1840 in Kannada by the ] Christian Mission. In 1859, ''Bangalore Herald'' became the first English bi-weekly newspaper to be published in Bangalore and in 1860, ''Mysore Vrittanta Bodhini'' became the first Kannada newspaper to be circulated in Bangalore.<ref name="newshist">{{cite book
	| author = M. Fazlul Hasan
	| publisher = Historical Publications
	| title = Bangalore Through the Centuries
	| pages = 165–166
	| year = 1970
	}}</ref><ref name="ppr">{{Cite book
	| url = https://books.google.com/?id=SB3_VodABdIC&pg=PA54&lpg=PA54&dq=1840+printing+press+bangalore
	| title = Assimilation: A Study of North Indians in Bangalore
	| author = Vijaya B. Punekar
	| accessdate = 4 October 2007
	| isbn = 978-81-7154-012-9
	| year = 1974
	}}</ref> Currently, '']'' and '']'' are the most widely circulated Kannada and English newspapers in Bangalore respectively, closely followed by the '']'' and '']'' both owned by the Printers (Mysore) Limited&nbsp;– the largest print media house in Karnataka.<ref name="vke">{{Cite news
	| url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/2190334.cms
	| work = The Economic Times
	| title = Double dhamaka
	| author = Preiti Sharma
	| accessdate = 7 October 2007
	| date = 18 October 2006
	}}</ref><ref name="toidh">{{cite news
	| url = http://www.telegraphindia.com/1061119/asp/look/story_7016875.asp
	| work = The Telegraph
	| author = Shuma Raha
	| title = Battleground Bangalore
	| accessdate = 7 October 2007
	| location = Calcutta, India
	| date = 19 November 2006
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011172555/http://telegraphindia.com/1061119/asp/look/story_7016875.asp
	| archivedate = 11 October 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> Other circulated newspapers are '']'','']'','']'','']'', '']'','']'' provide localised news updates. On the web, ] provides listings information in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news
	| first = K.
	| last = Satyamurty
	| title = Exploring Bangalore, a mouse click away
	| date = 22 November 2000
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2000/11/22/stories/0422402j.htm
	| work = ]
	| accessdate = 17 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore got its first radio station when ], the official broadcaster for the ], started broadcasting from its Bangalore station on 2 November 1955.<ref name="radio">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/jan232006/metromon1727452006122.asp
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| date = 23 January 2006
	| title = Idhu Akashvani, Bengalooru!
	| accessdate = 7 October 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071204092005/http://www.deccanherald.com/Archives/jan232006/metromon1727452006122.asp
	| archivedate = 4 December 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	}}</ref> The radio transmission was ], until in 2001, ] became the first private channel in India to start transmitting ] radio from Bangalore.<ref name="rc">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.blonnet.com/2002/05/23/stories/2002052301450400.htm
	| work = Business Line
	| date = 23 May 2002
	| title = Radio City goes on air in Mumbai
	| accessdate = 7 October 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011191801/http://blonnet.com/2002/05/23/stories/2002052301450400.htm
	| archivedate = 11 October 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> In recent years, a number of FM channels have started broadcasting from Bangalore.<ref name="gaga">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/jan82006/index204517200617.asp
	| work = Deccan Herald
	| date = 8 January 2006
	| title = Radio gaga: 6 more FM stations
	| accessdate = 7 October 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071204092025/http://www.deccanherald.com/archives/jan82006/index204517200617.asp
	| archivedate = 4 December 2007
	}}</ref> The city probably has India's oldest ] Club&nbsp;– Bangalore Amateur Radio Club (VU2ARC), which was established in 1959.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.barc.in
	| title = Bangalore Amateur Radio Club &#124; Fifty Golden Years 1959–2009
	| publisher = Barc.in
	| accessdate = 29 March 2010
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.qrz.com/db/VU2ARC
	| publisher = QRZ, Callsign Database
	| title = VU2ARC
	| accessdate = 17 September 2013
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore got its first look at television when ] established a relay centre here and started relaying programs from 1 November 1981. A production centre was established in the Doordarshan's Bangalore office in 1983, thereby allowing the introduction of a news program in Kannada on 19 November 1983.<ref name="dd" /> Doordarshan also launched a Kannada satellite channel on 15 August 1991 which is now named ].<ref name="dd">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.pibbng.kar.nic.in/media.htm
	| work = the Press Information Bureau
	| title = Doordarshan, Bangalore
	| accessdate = 7 October 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071011182720/http://pibbng.kar.nic.in/media.htm
	| archivedate = 11 October 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> The advent of private satellite channels in Bangalore started in September 1991 when ] started to broadcast its channels.<ref name="startv">{{cite web
	|url=http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2001/07/29/stories/13290695.htm
	|work=The Hindu
	|date=29 July 2001
	|title=Tune in to quality
	|author=Sevanti Ninan
	|accessdate=8 October 2007
	|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012225516/http://thehindujobs.com/thehindu/2001/07/29/stories/13290695.htm
	|archivedate=12 October 2007
	|deadurl=yes
	}}</ref> Though the number of satellite TV channels available for viewing in Bangalore has grown over the years,<ref name="chan">{{cite web
	| url = http://mib.nic.in/informationb/CODES/Consolidatedchannels310707.htm
	| work = the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India
	| title = Consolidated list of channels allowed to be carried by Cable operators/Multi system operators/DTH licensees in India
	| accessdate = 4 October 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012001735/http://mib.nic.in/informationb/CODES/Consolidatedchannels310707.htm
	| archivedate = 12 October 2007
	| deadurl = yes
	}}</ref> the cable operators play a major role in the availability of these channels, which has led to occasional conflicts.<ref name="cabo">{{Cite news
	| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/781475.cms
	| work = The Times of India
	| title = Rage against cable operators
	| accessdate = 8 October 2007
	| date = 17 July 2004
	}}</ref> ] (DTH) services are also available in Bangalore now.<ref name="dth">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-eworld/article1679696.ece?
	| work = Business Line
	| date = 8 May 2007
	| title = Going for the action
	| accessdate = 25 January 2012
	}}</ref>
	The first ] in Bangalore was ], Bangalore which started offering internet services in early 1990s.<ref name="stpint">{{cite web
	|url = http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2006-05-02rbasant.pdf
	|title = Bangalore Cluster: Evolution, Growth and Challengers
	|author = Rakesh Basant
	|accessdate = 8 October 2007
	|format = PDF
	|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071025132717/http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2006-05-02rbasant.pdf
	|archivedate = 25 October 2007
	|deadurl = yes
	|df = dmy-all
	}}</ref> This Internet service was, however, restricted to corporates until ] started offering ] services to the general public at the end of 1995.<ref name="vsnldi">{{cite web
	| url = http://www.rediff.com/computer/1998/sep/07net.htm
	| title = A short recap on Internet developments in India
	| accessdate = 8 October 2007
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071016132614/http://www.rediff.com/computer/1998/sep/07net.htm
	| archivedate = 16 October 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref> Currently, Bangalore has the largest number of ] connections in India.<ref name="bbi">{{Cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/29/stories/2006122922770200.htm
	| work = The Hindu
	| title = A highly net-savvy city
	| accessdate = 8 October 2007
	| location = Chennai, India
	| date = 29 December 2006
	| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20071012040754/http://hindu.com/2006/12/29/stories/2006122922770200.htm
	| archivedate = 12 October 2007
	| deadurl = no
	}}</ref>
	Namma Wifi is a free ] in Bangalore, the first free Wifi in India. It began operation on 24 January 2014. Service is available at M.G. Road, Brigade Road, and other locations. The service is operated by D-VoiS and is paid for by the State Government.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = Free wifi on M.G. Road and Brigade Road from Friday
	| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/free-wifi-on-mg-road-and-brigade-road-from-friday/article5606757.ece
	| work = The Hindu
	| date = 23 January 2014
	| accessdate = 6 October 2014
	}}</ref> Bangalore was the first city in India to have the 4th Generation Network (]) for Mobile.<ref>{{cite news
	| title = First 4G Network for Mobile in India
	| url = http://www.airtel.in/4G
	| work = Aitel 4G
	| date = 29 January 2014
	| accessdate = 31 October 2014
	}}</ref>
	==Sports==
	]
	] and ] are by far the most popular sports in the city. Bangalore has many parks and gardens that provide excellent pitches for impromptu games.<ref>{{harvnb|Bangalore&nbsp;— Mysore|pp=29|Ref=bm}}</ref> A significant number of national cricketers have come from Bangalore, including former captains ] and ]. Some of the other notable players from the city who have represented India include ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<!-- Do not include Javagal Srinath, as he is from Mysore --> Bangalore's international cricket stadium is the ], which has a ] of 55,000<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/india/content/ground/57897.html
	| title = Cricinfo Page on Chinnaswamy Stadium
	| publisher = Content-usa.cricinfo.com
	| accessdate = 29 March 2010
	}}</ref> and has hosted matches during the ], ] and the ]. The Chinnaswamy Stadium is the home of India's ].<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.ncabcci.com/contact_us
	| title = Address from NCA Website
	| publisher = ncabcci.com
	| accessdate = 9 October 2012
	}}</ref>
	The ] franchise ] and the ] club ] are based in the city. The city hosted some games of the 2014 ].
	The city hosts the ] (WTA) ] ] annually. Beginning September 2008, Bangalore has also been hosting the ] ] tournament annually.<ref name=kingfisheropen> {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20130202212150/http://cbs.sportsline.com/tennis/story/10834314 |date=2 February 2013 }}. CBSSportsline.com.</ref>
	The city is home to the ] (BRFC).<ref>{{cite news
	| url = http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/06/25/stories/2009062551400400.htm
	| title = Kicking up a storm
	| work = The Hindu
	| date = 25 May 2009
	| location = Chennai, India
	}}</ref> Bangalore has a number of elite clubs, like Century Club, The Bangalore Golf Club, the Bowring Institute and the exclusive ], which counts among its previous members ] and the Maharaja of Mysore.<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.oxford2oxford.co.uk/6.html
	| title = Detailed Account on Bangalore Club
	| publisher = Oxford2oxford.co.uk
	| accessdate = 29 March 2010
	}}</ref> The ] is based in Bangalore.
	India's ] team members, ]<ref name=mahesh>. CBSSports.com. CBS Interactive</ref> and ]<ref name=rohan>{{cite web
	| url = http://www.daviscup.com/en/players/player/profile.aspx?playerid=10024192
	| title = Davis Cup – Player profile – Rohan BOPANNA (IND)
	| publisher = ]
	| work = daviscup.com
	}}</ref> reside in Bangalore. Other sports personalities from Bangalore include national swimming champion ], world ] champion ] and former ] badminton champion ].<ref>{{cite web
	| url = http://badmintonmania.wordpress.com/touch-play-the-prakash-padukone-story/
	| title = Touch Play: The Prakash Padukone Story &#124; Badminton Mania
	| publisher = Badmintonmania.wordpress.com
	| accessdate = 10 June 2013
	}}</ref>
	Bangalore is home to ],<ref> Ekta Katti (''sportskeeda''), 16 July 2016. Accessed 1 May 2017.</ref> 2017 vice champion of India's top professional basketball division, the ].
	The city hast hosted some games of the 2014 ].
	{| class="wikitable sortable"
	|-
	|+ City based professional clubs
	|-
	! Club !! Sport !! League !! Stadium !! Span
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2012&nbsp;–
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	|
	| 2015&nbsp;–
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2013&nbsp;–
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2014&nbsp;–2014
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2014&nbsp;–
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2013&nbsp;–
	|-
	|]
	|]
	|]
	|]
	| N/A
	|-
	|]
	|]
	|]
	|]
	| 2015&nbsp;–
	|-
	|]
	|]
	|]
	|]
	| 2013&nbsp;–
	|-
	|]
	|]
	|]
	|]
	| 2011&nbsp;–
	|-
	|]
	|]
	|]
	|]
	| N/A
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2005&nbsp;–2008
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2011&nbsp;–2012
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2008&nbsp;–
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2009&nbsp;–2011
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2009&nbsp;–2011
	|-
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| ]
	| 2017&nbsp;–
	|}
	== Sister cities ==
	{{see also|List of twin towns and sister cities in India}}
	*{{flagicon|Belarus}} ], ] (1973) <ref>{{cite news|title=Sister Cities|url=http://minskherald.com/tag/sister-cities/|publisher=The Minsk Herald|date=1 January 2016}}</ref>
	*{{flagicon|United States}} ], ], ] (1992)<ref name="USIndia"/>
	*{{flagicon|United States}} ], ], ] (2008)<ref name="USIndia">{{cite web|url=http://www.asiamattersforamerica.org/india/data/sistercities|title=US-India Sister City Relationships|publisher=Asia Matters for America|accessdate=5 May 2015}}</ref>
	*{{flagicon|CHN}} ], ], ] (2013)<ref>{{cite web|title=Bangalore’s Chinese twin comes calling|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-karnataka/bangalores-chinese-twin-comes-calling/article5416395.ece|publisher=The Hindu|accessdate=25 February 2016}}</ref>
	==See also==
	{{Misplaced Pages books}}
	{{portal|India|Karnataka|Bangalore}}
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	* ]
	==References==
	{{Reflist|30em}}
	==Further reading==
	{{Refbegin|30em}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = De
	| first1 = Aditi
	| title = Multiple city: writings on Bangalore
	| publisher = Penguin Books India
	| year = 2008
	| isbn = 978-0-14-310025-6
	| ref = Aditi2008
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = Sarma
	| first1 = I.K.
	| authorlink = Inguva Kartikeya Sarma
	| title = Temples of the Gangas of Karnataka
	| publisher = Archaeological Survey of India
	| year = 1992
	| isbn = 0-19-560686-8
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = Srinivas
	| first1 = Smriti
	| title = Landscapes of Urban Memory: The Sacred and the Civic in India's High-tech City
	| edition = revised
	| publisher = ]
	| year = 2004
	| isbn = 9788125022541
	| ref = Sri2004
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = Government of Karnataka
	| title = Karnataka State Gazetteer: Bangalore District
	| year = 1990
	| ref = kar
	| authorlink1 = Government of Karnataka
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = Raman
	| first1 = A.
	| title = Bangalore&nbsp;— Mysore
	| edition = illustrated
	| publisher = ]
	| year = 1994
	| isbn = 978-0-86311-431-1
	| ref = bm
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| author = ]
	| title = The Mysore State Gazetteer
	| year = 1929
	| ref = mg
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = Nair
	| first1 = Janaki
	| title = The Promise of the Metropolis: Bangalore's Twentieth Century
	| edition = illustrated
	| publisher = ]
	| year = 2005
	| isbn = 978-0-19-566725-7
	| ref = nair
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last1 = Pinto
	| first1 = Jerry
	| last2 = Srivastava
	| first2 = Rahul
	| title = Talk of the Town
	| publisher = Penguin Books India
	| year = 2008
	| isbn = 978-0-14-333013-4
	| ref = TalkoftheTown
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last = Rangachari
	| first = Edgar Thurston, K.
	| title = Castes and tribes of southern India
	| year = 1993
	| publisher = Asian Educational Services
	| location = New Delhi
	| isbn = 9788120602885
	| ref = EdgarThurston
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last = Rice
	| first = B. Lewis
	| title = Mysore : a gazetteer compiled for government.
	| year = 2001
	| publisher = Asian Educational Services
	| location = New Delhi
	| isbn = 8120609778
	| ref = MysoreGazetteer
	}}
	* {{cite book
	| last = Stein
	| first = Burton
	| title = ].
	| year = 1989
	| publisher = Cambridge Univ. Press
	| location = Cambridge
	| isbn = 978-0-521-26693-2
	| ref = BurtonStein
	}}
	* Hasan, Fazlul. Bangalore Through The Centuries. Bangalore: Historical Publications, 1970.
	* Plunkett, Richard. South India. ], 2001. {{ISBN|1-86450-161-8}}
	* Vagale, Uday Kumar. {{cite web |url= http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf |title= "Public Space in Bangalore: Present and Future Projections" |access-date= 11 June 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120605195117/http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05172004-231956/unrestricted/4.pdf |archive-date= 5 June 2012 |dead-url= yes |df= dmy-all }}&nbsp;{{small|(773&nbsp;KB)}}. Digital Libraries and Archives. 2006. Virginia Tech. 27 April 2004.
	* Hunter, Cotton, Burn, Meyer. , 2006. Oxford, ]. 1909.
	* {{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Bangalore|volume=3|page=315|short=1}}
	{{Refend}}
	==External links==
	{{Commons category|Bangalore}}
	{{Wikiquote}}
	{{Wikivoyage}}
	*
	*
	* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Karnataka/Localities/Bangalore/}}
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	]
	]
	]<!--state capital city-->
	]<!--present day capital of Karnataka state-->
	]
	]
	]
	]

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