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{{Short description|Era name of Han Lin'er}} {{Short description|Era name of Han Lin'er}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title = Longfeng
|pic=
|picsize=
|piccap=
|t=龍鳳
|s=龙凤
|p=Lóngfèng
|w=Lung-fêng
|l=
}}


'''Longfeng''' (16 March 1355 – January 1367) was the era name of Han Lin'er (韓林兒; Young Prince of Radiance 小明王), who was a rebel and emperor of Han Song during the ] of China. It was used for a total of 12 years.<ref>Li Chongzhi (李崇智). ''Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao'' (中國歷代年號考), p. 202</ref> After Han Lin'er's death, his subordinate ], Prince of Wu, changed the next year (1367) to "] 1" (吳元元年, "the first year of Wuyuan") (historical records as "Wu 1" (吳元年, "the first year of Wu")), and in 1368 (Wuyuan 2), to "]", and established the ]. '''Longfeng''' ({{zh|t=龍鳳|s=龙凤|p=Lóngfèng|w=Lung-fêng}}; 16 March 1355 – January 1367) was the era name (''nianhao'') of ] (Young Prince of Radiance 小明王), who was a rebel and emperor of Han Song (1355–1367) during the ] of China. It was used for a total of 12 years.<ref>Li Chongzhi. ''Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao'', p. 202</ref> After Han Lin'er's death, his subordinate ], Prince of Wu, changed the next year (1367) to "] 1" (吳元年, "the first year of Wu"), and in 1368 (Wu 2), to "]", and established the ].


==Change of era== ==Change of era==
* '''16 March 1355''' (Yuan dynasty Zhizheng 15, 2nd day of the 2nd month): Han Lin'er changed the era to Longfeng 1 (龍鳳元年, "the first year of Longfeng").<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 44, Emperor Shun 7|last=Song Lian (宋濂)|wslink=zh:元史/卷044}}〔至正十五年〕二月己未，劉福通等自碭山夾河迎韓林兒至，立為皇帝，又號小明王，建都亳州，國號宋，改元龍鳳。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 25, Huizong 3|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|wslink=zh:新元史/卷025}}〔至正十五年〕二月己未，劉福通立韓林兒為皇帝，僭號宋，又稱小明王，建元龍鳳。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Annals, Volume 1, Taizu 1|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|wslink=zh:明史/卷1}}〔至正十五年〕三月，郭子興卒。時劉福通迎立韓山童子林兒於亳，國號宋，建元龍鳳。……〔二十六年〕十二月，韓林兒卒。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Biographies, Volume 10, Han Lin'er|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|wslink=zh:明史/卷122}}〔至正〕十五年二月，福通物色林兒，得諸碭山夾河；迎至亳，僭稱皇帝，又號小明王，建國曰宋，建元龍鳳。</ref><ref>Li Zhaoluo (李兆洛). ''Ji yuan bian'' (紀元編), Volume 1：韓林兒，龍鳳〈至正十五年二月〉。</ref> * 16 March 1355 (1355, 2nd day of the 2nd month): Han Lin'er ascended the throne as emperor of the Song dynasty with the era name Longfeng.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 44, Emperor Shun 7|last=Song Lian (宋濂)|wslink=zh:元史/卷044}}〔至正十五年〕二月己未，劉福通等自碭山夾河迎韓林兒至，立為皇帝，又號小明王，建都亳州，國號宋，改元龍鳳。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 25, Huizong 3|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|wslink=zh:新元史/卷025}}〔至正十五年〕二月己未，劉福通立韓林兒為皇帝，僭號宋，又稱小明王，建元龍鳳。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Annals, Volume 1, Taizu 1|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|wslink=zh:明史/卷1}}〔至正十五年〕三月，郭子興卒。時劉福通迎立韓山童子林兒於亳，國號宋，建元龍鳳。……〔二十六年〕十二月，韓林兒卒。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Biographies, Volume 10, Han Lin'er|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|wslink=zh:明史/卷122}}〔至正〕十五年二月，福通物色林兒，得諸碭山夾河；迎至亳，僭稱皇帝，又號小明王，建國曰宋，建元龍鳳。</ref><ref>Li Zhaoluo (李兆洛). ''Ji yuan bian'' (紀元編), Volume 1：韓林兒，龍鳳〈至正十五年二月〉。</ref>
⚫ * January 1367 (1366, 12th month): Zhu Yuanzhang sent Liao Yongzhong (廖永忠) to welcome Han Lin'er to Yingtian Prefecture. Han Lin'er's boat sank while crossing the Yangtze River, and Han Lin'er was killed.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 26, Huizong 4|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|wslink=zh:新元史/卷026}}〔至正二十六年〕十二月，朱元璋迎韓林兒至建康，中道殺之。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Annals, Volume 1, Taizu 1|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|wslink=zh:明史/卷1}}〔至正二十六年〕十二月，韓林兒卒。</ref>

==Events==
* '''16 March 1355''' (Longfeng 1, 2nd day of the 2nd month): Han Lin'er ascended the throne as emperor and established the Song dynasty.
⚫ * '''January 1367''' (Longfeng 12, 12th month): Zhu Yuanzhang sent Liao Yongzhong (廖永忠) to welcome Han Lin'er to Yingtian Prefecture. Han Lin'er's boat sank while crossing the Yangtze River, and Han Lin'er was killed.<ref>{{cite wikisource|title=New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 26, Huizong 4|last=Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞)|wslink=zh:新元史/卷026}}〔至正二十六年〕十二月，朱元璋迎韓林兒至建康，中道殺之。</ref><ref>{{cite wikisource|title=History of Ming, Annals, Volume 1, Taizu 1|last=Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉)|wslink=zh:明史/卷1}}〔至正二十六年〕十二月，韓林兒卒。</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
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{{Reflist}} {{Reflist}}


==Further reading== ==Bibliography==
⚫ * {{Citation |author=Li Chongzhi |script-title=zh:《中國歷代年號考》 |lang=zh |date=2004 |publisher=Zhonghua Book Co. |location=Beijing |id=ISBN 7101025129 }}
<div>
* {{Citation |author=Deng Hongbo |script-title=zh:《東亞歷史年表》 |lang=zh |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm |date=2005 |publisher=National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures |location=Taipei |id=ISBN 9789860005189 }}.
⚫ *{{Cite book|author=Li Chongzhi (李崇智)|title=Zhongguo lidai nianhao kao (中國歷代年號考)|date=December 2004|publisher=Zhonghua Book Company (中華書局)|location=Beijing (北京)|isbn=7101025129}}
*{{Cite book|author=Deng Hongbo (鄧洪波)|title=Chronology of East Asian history (東亞歷史年表)|format=pdf|url=http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm|date=March 2005|publisher=National Taiwan University, Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures (國立臺灣大學東亞經典與文化研究計劃)|location=Taipei (臺北)|isbn=9789860005189|access-date=2021-11-10|archive-date=2007-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070825002742/http://www.eastasia.ntu.edu.tw/chinese/05_a04.htm}}
</div>


{{S-start}} {{S-start}}
{{s-bef| before = — }} {{s-bef| before = — }}
{{s-ttl| title = Han Song ] {{s-ttl| title = Han Song ]
| years = 1355–1366 }} | years = 1355–1367 }}
{{s-aft| after = ]<br>(]) }} {{s-aft| after = ]: ] }}
{{s-end}} {{s-end}}


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] ]
]

Latest revision as of 07:21, 29 November 2024

Era name of Han Lin'er

Longfeng (simplified Chinese: 龙凤; traditional Chinese: 龍鳳; pinyin: Lóngfèng; Wade–Giles: Lung-fêng; 16 March 1355 – January 1367) was the era name (nianhao) of Han Lin'er (Young Prince of Radiance 小明王), who was a rebel and emperor of Han Song (1355–1367) during the Yuan dynasty of China. It was used for a total of 12 years. After Han Lin'er's death, his subordinate Zhu Yuanzhang, Prince of Wu, changed the next year (1367) to "Wu 1" (吳元年, "the first year of Wu"), and in 1368 (Wu 2), to "Hongwu", and established the Ming dynasty.

Change of era

  • 16 March 1355 (1355, 2nd day of the 2nd month): Han Lin'er ascended the throne as emperor of the Song dynasty with the era name Longfeng.
  • January 1367 (1366, 12th month): Zhu Yuanzhang sent Liao Yongzhong (廖永忠) to welcome Han Lin'er to Yingtian Prefecture. Han Lin'er's boat sank while crossing the Yangtze River, and Han Lin'er was killed.

See also

References

  1. Li Chongzhi. Zhongguo Lidai Nianhao Kao, p. 202
  2. Song Lian (宋濂). History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 44, Emperor Shun 7  – via Wikisource.〔至正十五年〕二月己未，劉福通等自碭山夾河迎韓林兒至，立為皇帝，又號小明王，建都亳州，國號宋，改元龍鳳。
  3. Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞). New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 25, Huizong 3  – via Wikisource.〔至正十五年〕二月己未，劉福通立韓林兒為皇帝，僭號宋，又稱小明王，建元龍鳳。
  4. Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉). History of Ming, Annals, Volume 1, Taizu 1  – via Wikisource.〔至正十五年〕三月，郭子興卒。時劉福通迎立韓山童子林兒於亳，國號宋，建元龍鳳。……〔二十六年〕十二月，韓林兒卒。
  5. Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉). History of Ming, Biographies, Volume 10, Han Lin'er  – via Wikisource.〔至正〕十五年二月，福通物色林兒，得諸碭山夾河；迎至亳，僭稱皇帝，又號小明王，建國曰宋，建元龍鳳。
  6. Li Zhaoluo (李兆洛). Ji yuan bian (紀元編), Volume 1：韓林兒，龍鳳〈至正十五年二月〉。
  7. Ke Shaomin (柯劭忞). New History of Yuan, Annals, Volume 26, Huizong 4  – via Wikisource.〔至正二十六年〕十二月，朱元璋迎韓林兒至建康，中道殺之。
  8. Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉). History of Ming, Annals, Volume 1, Taizu 1  – via Wikisource.〔至正二十六年〕十二月，韓林兒卒。

Bibliography

  • Li Chongzhi (2004), 《中國歷代年號考》 (in Chinese), Beijing: Zhonghua Book Co., ISBN 7101025129
  • Deng Hongbo (2005), 《東亞歷史年表》 [Chronology of East Asian History] (in Chinese), Taipei: National Taiwan University Program for East Asian Classics and Cultures, ISBN 9789860005189.
Preceded by— Han Song era name
1355–1367 		Succeeded byZhu Wu: Wu
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