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| {{Infobox royalty | {{Infobox royalty | ||
| | succession =] | | succession =] | ||
| | image= |
| image= Denar Władysław I Herman pierwsza emisja.jpg | ||
| | caption |
| caption = Władysław's effigy on a ] coin (left) | ||
| | reign =1079–1102 | | reign =1079–1102 | ||
| | royal house =] | | royal house =] | ||
| | coat of arms =] | |||
| | predecessor =] | | predecessor =] | ||
| | successor =] | | successor =] | ||
| | spouses =Przecława (Prawdzic?)<br>]<br>] | | spouses =Przecława (Prawdzic?)<br>]<br>] | ||
| | issue =]<br> ]<br>] | | issue =]<br> ]<br>] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 19: | ||
| | death_place =], ] | | death_place =], ] | ||
| | place of burial =], ], ] | | place of burial =], ], ] | ||
| }} | |||
| '''Władysław I Herman''' ({{circa}} 1044 |
'''Władysław I Herman''' ({{circa}} 1044 – 4 June 1102) was the ] from 1079 until his death. | ||
| ==Accession== | |||
| He was the second son of ] by his wife ], daughter of ], ]. | |||
| Władysław was the second son of the Polish duke ] and ].{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}} As the second son, Władysław was not destined for the throne. However, due to the flight from Poland of his older brother ] in 1079, he became ]. Opinions vary on whether Władysław played an active role in the plot to depose his brother or whether he was handed the authority simply because he was the best candidate to replace Bolesław.{{cn|date=March 2022}} | |||
| ==German relations== | |||
| ==Biography== | |||
| ]. It is the oldest extant document sent by a Polish ruler.]] | |||
| As the second son, Władysław was not destined for the throne. However, due to the flight from ] of his older brother ] in 1079, he was elevated to the rank of ] of Poland. Opinions vary on whether Władysław played an active role in the plot to depose his brother or whether he was handed the authority simply because he was the most proper person, being the next in line in the absence of the king and his son ]. | |||
| In 1080, in order to improve the relations between Poland and Bohemia, Władysław married ], the daughter of Duke ], a vassal of the ]. After this, Władysław's foreign policy gravitated strongly towards appeasing the Holy Roman Empire, and he accepted the overlordship of ]. While Vratislaus was declared a king in 1085 by Emperor Henry, Władysław never pursued kingship. Soon after, he was forced by the barons of Poland to recall his nephew ] from exile in Hungary. Mieszko accepted the overlordship of his uncle and gave up his claim to Poland in exchange for becoming first in the line of succession. Władysław was forced to accept the terms of his nephew, because his eldest and only son at that time, ], was born from a union not recognized by the church. Władysław's relations with Henry considerably improved after Judith of Bohemia died and Władysław married Henry's sister ], dowager queen of Hungary, in 1089. | |||
| Władysław abandoned the alliance with ] favored by his deposed brother, and joined the anti-papal camp. He also resumed paying ] for ] to Bohemia. In addition, ] and ] were ceded to Bohemia, and ] was lost to Germany, while ] Land in the east was lost to Halych-Ruthenia. Władysław did make attempts to regain control of ], and through numerous expeditions was temporarily (1090–1091) able to do so. | |||
| In 1080, in order to improve the relations between Poland and Bohemia, Władysław married Judith, the daughter of the Duke (and first King from 1085) ]. After this, the foreign policy of the Duke gravitated strongly towards appeasement of the ]. | |||
| ]]] | |||
| He accepted overlordship of the Empire, and when in 1085 while in ] the ] ] announced that his brother-in-law ] to be King of Bohemia and Poland, Władysław did not object. He also never pursued the Royal crown due to his subservient status. Soon after, he was forced by the barons of Poland to recall from exile in Hungary his nephew and rightful heir to the Polish throne, ]. The young prince accepted the overlordship of his uncle and gave up his hereditary claims in exchange for becoming first in line of succession. Władysław was forced to accept the terms of his nephew, because his eldest and only son at that time, Zbigniew, was illegitimate because he had been born from a union not recognized by the church. Władysław's relations with the Emperor were considerably improved after his second marriage with his sister Judith (also Dowager Queen of Hungary) in 1089. | |||
| ==Domestic difficulties== | |||
| Władysław abandoned the alliance with ] favored by his deposed brother, and joined the anti-Papal camp. Also, he resumed paying ] for ] to Bohemia. In addition ] and ] were ceded to Bohemia, ] was lost to Germany while ] Land in the east was lost to Halych-Ruthenia. Władysław did make attempts to regain the control of ], and through numerous expeditions was temporarily (1090–1091) able to do so. | |||
| Although Władysław was formally duke of Poland, in reality the barons who banished his brother used this victory to strengthen their position. It is not surprising, therefore, that within a short time Władysław was forced to give up the government to his ] (Polish: ]), a nobleman named ]. Sieciech's administration of the realm was negatively perceived by those of the barons who were not the beneficiaries of the power shift. | |||
| The birth of ] to Władysław and Judith of Bohemia changed the political situation in Poland. Władysław's nephew Mieszko was already seventeen at that time and was, by the previous agreement made after his return, the first in line to succeed. In 1089 Mieszko died under mysterious circumstances, probably poisoned on the orders of Sieciech and Judith of Swabia. Almost immediately, Zbigniew was sent to Germany and placed in the ]. With the idea of forcing his first-born son to take ], Władysław intended to deprive him of any chance of succession. | |||
| Although Władysław was formally ''Dux'' and an Overlord of Poland, in reality the barons who banished his brother used this victory to strengthen their position. It's not surprising therefore, that within a short time the Duke was forced to give up the government to his ], (Polish: ]) a high born noble named ]. Sieciech's administration of the realm was negatively perceived by those of the barons who were not the beneficiaries of the power shift. | |||
| In 1090 Sieciech, with help of Polish forces under his command, managed to gain control of ], albeit for a short time. Major towns were garrisoned by Polish troops, the rest were burned, in order to thwart any future resistance. Several months later, however, a rebellion of native elites led to the restoration of the region's independence from Poland. | |||
| The birth of the future Bolesław III completely changed the political situation in Poland. Mieszko Boleslawowic was already seventeen at that time and was, by the previous agreement made after his return, the first in line to succeed. In 1089 Mieszko died under mysterious circumstances, probably poisoned on the orders of Sieciech and Duchess Judith-Sophia. Almost immediately, Zbigniew was sent to Germany and placed in the ] Abbey. With the idea of forcing his first-born son to take the holy vows, Władysław intended to deprive him of any chance of succession. | |||
| Sieciech's tyrannical rule reflected negatively on Władysław, causing a massive political migration out of Poland. In 1093 Silesia rebelled, and the ''comes'' Magnus, with the assistance of the Bohemian and Polish knights, welcomed Zbigniew after he escaped from Germany; however, soon Sieciech captured the prince and imprisoned him. The increasing dissatisfaction in the country forced the release of Zbigniew in 1097. Immediately after this Władysław (after an unsuccessful retaliatory expedition against Silesia and being forced to recognize Zbigniew as the legitimate heir) appointed his sons as commanders of the army which was formed in order to recapture Gdańsk Pomerania. | |||
| In 1090 Sieciech, with help of Polish forces under his command, managed to gain control of ], albeit for a short time. Major towns were garrisoned by Polish troops, the rest were burned, in order to thwart any future resistance. Several months later, however, a rebellion of native elites led to the restoration of the region’s independence from Poland. | |||
| ] by Władysław Herman in the year 1096. Painting by ] from 1893, held at the ].]] | |||
| Sieciech's tyrannical rule reflected negatively on Władysław, causing a massive political migration out of Poland. In 1093 Silesia rebelled, and the ''comes'' Magnus with the assistance of the Bohemian and Polish knights welcomed Zbigniew after he escaped from Germany; however, soon Sieciech captured the prince and imprisoned him. The increasing dissatisfaction in the country forced the release of Zbigniew in 1097. Immediately after this Władysław (after an unsuccessfully retaliatory expedition against Silesia and forced to recognize Zbigniew as the legitimate heir) appointed his sons as commanders of the army which was formed in order to recapture Gdańsk Pomerania. | |||
| Simultaneously a great migration of Jews from Western Europe to Poland began circa 1096, around the time of the ]. Władysław, a tolerant ruler, attracted the Jews to his domains, and permitted them to settle throughout the entire country without restriction. | |||
| ] | |||
| Simultaneously a great migration of Jews from Western Europe to Poland began circa 1096, around the time of the ]. Władysław, a tolerant ruler, attracted the Jews into his domains, and permitted to settle throughout the entire country without restriction. | |||
| Soon Zbigniew and Bolesław decided to join forces and demanded that the |
Soon Zbigniew and Bolesław decided to join forces and demanded that the reins of government should be handed over to them. Władysław agreed to divide the realm between the brothers, each to be granted his own province while he himself kept control of ] and its capital at Płock. Władysław also retained control of the most important cities--''i.e.'', ], ] and ]. Zbigniew's province encompassed ] including ], ], ] and ]. Bolesław's territory included ], ] and ]. However, Sieciech, alarmed by the evident diminution of his power, began to intrigue against the brothers. Władysław decided to support him against his own sons. Defeated, and after the mediation of Martin, Archbishop of Gniezno, the Duke was forced to confiscate Sieciech's properties and exiled him in 1101. | ||
| ==Erection of churches== | |||
| However, Sieciech, alarmed by the evident diminution of his power, began to intrigue against the brothers. Władysław decided to support him against his own sons. Defeated, in 1101 and after the mediation of the Archbishop of Gniezno Martin, the Duke was forced to confiscate Sieciech's properties and exiled him. | |||
| ] interior of the Church of St. Giles at ], in central Poland.]] | |||
| Władysław founded several churches in Poland. Most notably he was the founder of the ] ] of which the Silver Bells Tower still remains standing. He was also very fond of Saint Giles (Polish: Idzi) to whom he founded no less than three churches: in ], ] and Giebułtów. This is attributed to the fact that while his first wife was finally pregnant after six years of childless marriage, the Duke sent rich gifts to the ] monastery of ] in southern France, begging for a healthy child. When a son was born, Wladyslaw began building churches in his honor. According to legend, he also founded a ] dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which was later granted to the ]. | |||
| ==Health== | |||
| Władysław died on 4 June 1102, without resolving the issue of succession, leaving his sons to struggle for supremacy. His body was interned in the ].<ref>Antoni Czubinski, Jerzy Topolski – "History of Poland" Ossolineum, Warsaw (1988)</ref><ref>Lech Bielski, Mariusz Traba – "Poczet Krolow i Książat Polskich" Park, Bielsko-Biała (2005)</ref><ref>Przemysław Wiszewski, "Władysław Herman and his Epoch" Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław (2002)</ref><ref>Gallus Anonymus – "Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum" (c.1115)</ref> | |||
| According to ], Władysław long suffered from a debilitating ailment that affected his legs. There is also a legend which states that in 1086 Władysław was affected by a terrible pox, with abscesses that affected his nose and face. According to the legend, the Holy Virgin appeared in the duke's dream and led him to find the cure in the sandy area outside the city. Once healed Władysław founded a ] of the Holiest ] "on the sand" in the spot where he found the cure. | |||
| ==Churches founded== | |||
| <gallery> | |||
| Image:Kosciol Idziego w Krakowie.jpg|St. Idzi Church in Kraków | |||
| File:Kraków_-_Bazylika_o._Karmelitów.jpg|Church "On the Sand" in Kraków | |||
| Image:Kosciol sw Idziego w Inowlodzu.jpg|St. Idzi Church in ] | |||
| Image:0795KrakówWawel.JPG|Wawel Cathedral with the Silver Bells Tower | |||
| </gallery> | |||
| Władysław died on 4 June 1102, without resolving the issue of succession, leaving his sons to struggle for supremacy. His body was interred in the ].<ref>Antoni Czubinski, Jerzy Topolski – "History of Poland" Ossolineum, Warsaw (1988)</ref><ref>Lech Bielski, Mariusz Traba – "Poczet Krolow i Książat Polskich" Park, Bielsko-Biała (2005)</ref><ref>Przemysław Wiszewski, "Władysław Herman and his Epoch" Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław (2002)</ref><ref>Gallus Anonymus – "Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum" (c.1115)</ref> | |||
| Władysław founded several churches in Poland. Most notably he was the founder of the ] ] of which the Silver Bells Tower still remains standing. He was also very fond of Saint Giles (Polish: Idzi) to whom he founded no less than three churches: in ], ] and Giebultow. This is attributed to the fact that while his first wife was finally pregnant after six years of childless marriage, the Duke sent rich gifts to the ] monastery of ] in southern France, begging for a healthy child. When a boy was born, Wladyslaw began building churches in his honor. According to legend, he also founded a ] dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which was later granted to the ]. | |||
| ==Health issues== | |||
| According to ], Władysław long suffered from a debilitating ailment that affected his legs. There is also a legend which states that in 1086 Władysław was affected by a terrible pox, with abscesses that affected his nose and face. According to the legend Holy Virgin appeared in the duke's dream and led him to find the cure in the sandy area outside the city. Once healed Władysław founded a ] of Holiest ] "on the sand" in the spot where he found the cure. | |||
| ==Marriages and issue== | ==Marriages and issue== | ||
| ] which belonged to Władysław Herman's wife and consort, ]. It is held at the Czartoryski Library in ].]] | |||
| Before Władysław took the title of Duke of Poland, probably during the 1070s, he had a relationship with a certain Przecława, whose exact origins are unknown, although some sources stated that she belonged to the ].<ref>Kazimierz Jasiński, Rodowód pierwszych Piastów, Wrocław – Warszaw (1992).</ref> Her status is also a matter of dispute among the historians: some believed that she only was Władysław's mistress and others asserted that she was his wife, but this union was performed under pagan rituals and in consequence not recognized by the Church as a valid marriage. By 1080, one year after Władysław ascended to the Polish throne, Przecława either died or was sent away; it's believed by some sources that after she was dismissed by the Duke, Przecława took the veil under the name of Christina ({{lang-pl|Krystyna}}) and died around 1092.<ref></ref> This union produced a son, ] (b. c. 1070/73 – d. c. 1112/14), who was considered illegitimate. | |||
| Before Władysław became duke of Poland, probably during the 1070s, he had a relationship with a woman named Przecława, whose exact origins are unknown, although some sources stated that she belonged to the ].<ref>Kazimierz Jasiński, Rodowód pierwszych Piastów, Wrocław – Warszaw (1992).</ref> Her status is also a matter of dispute among the historians: some believed that she was only Władysław's mistress and others asserted that she was his wife, but this union was performed under pagan rituals and in consequence not recognized by the Church as a valid marriage. By 1080, one year after Władysław ascended to the Polish throne, Przecława either died or was sent away; it is believed by some sources that after she was dismissed by Władysław, Przecława took the veil under the name Christina ({{langx|pl|Krystyna}}) and died around 1092.<ref></ref> This union produced a son, ] (b. c. 1070/73 – d. c. 1112/14), who was considered illegitimate. | |||
| In 1080 Władysław married |
In 1080, Władysław married ] ({{circa}} 1056 – 1086),{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}} daughter of ]. They had a son, ] (1086 – 1138).{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}} In 1089 Władysław married ] (1054 – 1105),{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}} daughter of ] and widow of King ]. Their daughters were: | ||
| #Sophia (b. c. 1089 – d. bef. 12 May 1112), married before 1108 to ],{{efn|Norman Davies states only a daughter of Wladyslaw married Iaroslav and gives no specific name.{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}}}}{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}} ], son of ]. | |||
| #] (b. 20 August 1086 – d. 28 October 1138). | |||
| #] (b. c. 1090 – d. 29 December 1127), ] (1110) and ] (1111). | |||
| #Adelaide (b. c. 1091 – d. 25/26 March 1127), married before 1118 to Margrave ]{{sfn|Davies|1982|p=65}} | |||
| In 1089 Władysław married secondly with ] (b. 9 April 1054 – d. 14 March c. 1105), daughter of ] and widow of King ]. They had four daughters: | |||
| # |
#A daughter (b. c. 1092 – d. bef. 1111), married c. 1111 to a Polish lord. | ||
| #] (b. c. 1090 – d. 29 December 1127), Abbess of ] (1110) and ] (1111). | |||
| #Adelaide (b. c. 1091 – d. 25/26 March 1127), married bef. 1118 to ].<ref>Adelaide's parentage is disputed among the historians and web sources.</ref> | |||
| #A daughter (b. c. 1092 – d. bef. 1111), married c. 1111 with a Polish lord. | |||
| ==Ancestry== | |||
| {{ahnentafel | |||
| |collapsed=yes |align=center | |||
| |boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc; | |||
| |boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9; | |||
| |boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc; | |||
| |boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc; | |||
| |boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe; | |||
| |1= 1. '''Władysław I Herman''' | |||
| |2= 2. ] | |||
| |3= 3. ] | |||
| |4= 4. ] | |||
| |5= 5. ] | |||
| |6= 6. ] | |||
| |7= | |||
| |8= 8. ] | |||
| |9= 9. ] | |||
| |10= 10. ] | |||
| |11= 11. ] | |||
| |12= 12. ] | |||
| |13= 13. ] | |||
| |14= | |||
| |15= | |||
| |16= 16. ] | |||
| |17= 17. ] | |||
| |18= 18. Dobromir of Lusatia | |||
| |19= | |||
| |20= 20. ] | |||
| |21= 21. Heylwig von Dillingen | |||
| |22= 22. ] | |||
| |23= 23. ] | |||
| |24= 24. ] | |||
| |25= 25. ] | |||
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| }} | |||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| ==Notes== | |||
| {{notelist}} | |||
| ==References== | ==References== | ||
| {{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
| ==Sources== | |||
| *{{cite book |title=God's Playground: A History of Poland |volume=I: The Origins to 1795 |first=Norman |last=Davies |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1982 }} | |||
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Latest revision as of 17:30, 30 November 2024
This article is about the 11th-century Polish monarch. For the 14th-century monarch, see Władysław I the Elbow-high. For other nobles with a similar name, see Ladislaus I (disambiguation). Duke of Poland| Władysław I Herman | |
|---|---|
 Władysław's effigy on a denar coin (left) | |
| Duke of Poland | |
| Reign | 1079–1102 |
| Predecessor | Bolesław II the Generous |
| Successor | Zbigniew of Poland |
| Born | c. 1044 Poland |
| Died | 4 June 1102 (aged 58) Płock, Poland |
| Burial | Masovian Blessed Virgin Mary Cathedral, Płock, Poland |
| Spouses | Przecława (Prawdzic?) Judith of Bohemia Judith of Swabia |
| Issue more... | Zbigniew Bolesław III Wrymouth Agnes I, Abbess of Quedlinburg |
| House | Piast |
| Father | Casimir I the Restorer |
| Mother | Maria Dobroniega of Kiev |
Władysław I Herman (c. 1044 – 4 June 1102) was the duke of Poland from 1079 until his death.
Accession
Władysław was the second son of the Polish duke Casimir the Restorer and Maria Dobroniega of Kiev. As the second son, Władysław was not destined for the throne. However, due to the flight from Poland of his older brother Bolesław the Bold in 1079, he became duke of Poland. Opinions vary on whether Władysław played an active role in the plot to depose his brother or whether he was handed the authority simply because he was the best candidate to replace Bolesław.
German relations
In 1080, in order to improve the relations between Poland and Bohemia, Władysław married Judith, the daughter of Duke Vratislaus II of Bohemia, a vassal of the Holy Roman Empire. After this, Władysław's foreign policy gravitated strongly towards appeasing the Holy Roman Empire, and he accepted the overlordship of Emperor Henry IV. While Vratislaus was declared a king in 1085 by Emperor Henry, Władysław never pursued kingship. Soon after, he was forced by the barons of Poland to recall his nephew Mieszko Bolesławowic from exile in Hungary. Mieszko accepted the overlordship of his uncle and gave up his claim to Poland in exchange for becoming first in the line of succession. Władysław was forced to accept the terms of his nephew, because his eldest and only son at that time, Zbigniew, was born from a union not recognized by the church. Władysław's relations with Henry considerably improved after Judith of Bohemia died and Władysław married Henry's sister Judith, dowager queen of Hungary, in 1089.
Władysław abandoned the alliance with Hungary favored by his deposed brother, and joined the anti-papal camp. He also resumed paying tribute for Silesia to Bohemia. In addition, Kraków and Cieszyn were ceded to Bohemia, and Lubusz Land was lost to Germany, while Przemyśl Land in the east was lost to Halych-Ruthenia. Władysław did make attempts to regain control of Pomerania, and through numerous expeditions was temporarily (1090–1091) able to do so.
Domestic difficulties
Although Władysław was formally duke of Poland, in reality the barons who banished his brother used this victory to strengthen their position. It is not surprising, therefore, that within a short time Władysław was forced to give up the government to his count palatine (Polish: wojewoda), a nobleman named Sieciech. Sieciech's administration of the realm was negatively perceived by those of the barons who were not the beneficiaries of the power shift.
The birth of Bolesław Wrymouth to Władysław and Judith of Bohemia changed the political situation in Poland. Władysław's nephew Mieszko was already seventeen at that time and was, by the previous agreement made after his return, the first in line to succeed. In 1089 Mieszko died under mysterious circumstances, probably poisoned on the orders of Sieciech and Judith of Swabia. Almost immediately, Zbigniew was sent to Germany and placed in the Quedlinburg Abbey. With the idea of forcing his first-born son to take holy vows, Władysław intended to deprive him of any chance of succession.
In 1090 Sieciech, with help of Polish forces under his command, managed to gain control of Gdańsk Pomerania, albeit for a short time. Major towns were garrisoned by Polish troops, the rest were burned, in order to thwart any future resistance. Several months later, however, a rebellion of native elites led to the restoration of the region's independence from Poland.
Sieciech's tyrannical rule reflected negatively on Władysław, causing a massive political migration out of Poland. In 1093 Silesia rebelled, and the comes Magnus, with the assistance of the Bohemian and Polish knights, welcomed Zbigniew after he escaped from Germany; however, soon Sieciech captured the prince and imprisoned him. The increasing dissatisfaction in the country forced the release of Zbigniew in 1097. Immediately after this Władysław (after an unsuccessful retaliatory expedition against Silesia and being forced to recognize Zbigniew as the legitimate heir) appointed his sons as commanders of the army which was formed in order to recapture Gdańsk Pomerania.
Simultaneously a great migration of Jews from Western Europe to Poland began circa 1096, around the time of the First Crusade. Władysław, a tolerant ruler, attracted the Jews to his domains, and permitted them to settle throughout the entire country without restriction.
Soon Zbigniew and Bolesław decided to join forces and demanded that the reins of government should be handed over to them. Władysław agreed to divide the realm between the brothers, each to be granted his own province while he himself kept control of Mazovia and its capital at Płock. Władysław also retained control of the most important cities--i.e., Wrocław, Kraków and Sandomierz. Zbigniew's province encompassed Greater Poland including Gniezno, Kuyavia, Łęczyca and Sieradz. Bolesław's territory included Lesser Poland, Silesia and Lubusz Land. However, Sieciech, alarmed by the evident diminution of his power, began to intrigue against the brothers. Władysław decided to support him against his own sons. Defeated, and after the mediation of Martin, Archbishop of Gniezno, the Duke was forced to confiscate Sieciech's properties and exiled him in 1101.
Erection of churches
.jpg)
Władysław founded several churches in Poland. Most notably he was the founder of the Romanesque Wawel Cathedral of which the Silver Bells Tower still remains standing. He was also very fond of Saint Giles (Polish: Idzi) to whom he founded no less than three churches: in Kraków, Inowłódz and Giebułtów. This is attributed to the fact that while his first wife was finally pregnant after six years of childless marriage, the Duke sent rich gifts to the Benedictine monastery of Saint Gilles in southern France, begging for a healthy child. When a son was born, Wladyslaw began building churches in his honor. According to legend, he also founded a church "on the sand" dedicated to the Virgin Mary, which was later granted to the Carmelites.
Health
According to Gallus Anonymus, Władysław long suffered from a debilitating ailment that affected his legs. There is also a legend which states that in 1086 Władysław was affected by a terrible pox, with abscesses that affected his nose and face. According to the legend, the Holy Virgin appeared in the duke's dream and led him to find the cure in the sandy area outside the city. Once healed Władysław founded a Church of the Holiest Virgin Mary "on the sand" in the spot where he found the cure.
Władysław died on 4 June 1102, without resolving the issue of succession, leaving his sons to struggle for supremacy. His body was interred in the Płock Cathedral.
Marriages and issue
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Before Władysław became duke of Poland, probably during the 1070s, he had a relationship with a woman named Przecława, whose exact origins are unknown, although some sources stated that she belonged to the Prawdzic clan. Her status is also a matter of dispute among the historians: some believed that she was only Władysław's mistress and others asserted that she was his wife, but this union was performed under pagan rituals and in consequence not recognized by the Church as a valid marriage. By 1080, one year after Władysław ascended to the Polish throne, Przecława either died or was sent away; it is believed by some sources that after she was dismissed by Władysław, Przecława took the veil under the name Christina (Polish: Krystyna) and died around 1092. This union produced a son, Zbigniew (b. c. 1070/73 – d. c. 1112/14), who was considered illegitimate.
In 1080, Władysław married Judith (c. 1056 – 1086), daughter of Vratislaus II of Bohemia. They had a son, Bolesław Wrymouth (1086 – 1138). In 1089 Władysław married Judith (1054 – 1105), daughter of Emperor Henry III and widow of King Solomon of Hungary. Their daughters were:
- Sophia (b. c. 1089 – d. bef. 12 May 1112), married before 1108 to Iaroslav Sviatopolkovich, Prince of Volhynia, son of Sviatopolk II of Kiev.
- Agnes (b. c. 1090 – d. 29 December 1127), abbess of Quedlinburg (1110) and Gandersheim (1111).
- Adelaide (b. c. 1091 – d. 25/26 March 1127), married before 1118 to Margrave Diepold III of Vohburg
- A daughter (b. c. 1092 – d. bef. 1111), married c. 1111 to a Polish lord.
See also
Notes
- Norman Davies states only a daughter of Wladyslaw married Iaroslav and gives no specific name.
References
- ^ Davies 1982, p. 65.
- Antoni Czubinski, Jerzy Topolski – "History of Poland" Ossolineum, Warsaw (1988)
- Lech Bielski, Mariusz Traba – "Poczet Krolow i Książat Polskich" Park, Bielsko-Biała (2005)
- Przemysław Wiszewski, "Władysław Herman and his Epoch" Wydawnictwo Dolnośląskie, Wrocław (2002)
- Gallus Anonymus – "Cronicae et gesta ducum sive principum Polonorum" (c.1115)
- Kazimierz Jasiński, Rodowód pierwszych Piastów, Wrocław – Warszaw (1992).
- Krystyna Przecława Prawdzic
Sources
- Davies, Norman (1982). God's Playground: A History of Poland. Vol. I: The Origins to 1795. Columbia University Press.
| Władysław I Herman Piast DynastyBorn: c. 1044 Died: 4 June 1102 | ||
| Preceded byBolesław II the Bold | Duke of Poland 1079–1102 |
Succeeded byZbigniew and Bolesław III Wrymouth |
| Monarchs of Poland | |
|---|---|
| Legendary | |
| Proto-historic (before 966) | |
| Piast dynasty (966–1138) | |
| Fragmentation period (1138–1320) | Senior or Supreme Princes
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| Přemyslid dynasty (1296–1306) |
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| Restored Piast dynasty (1320–1370) | |
| Capet-Anjou dynasty (1370-1399) | |
| Jagiellonian dynasty (1386–1572) | |
| Elective monarchy (1572–1795) | |
| Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) | Frederick Augustus I |
| Romanov dynasty (1815–1917) | |
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