| Revision as of 00:42, 21 January 2024 editSumanuil (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users81,975 edits →History: It's clearly not.← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 00:54, 1 December 2024 edit undoJprg1966 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers95,447 editsm →United Jewish-Arab village | ||
| (28 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown) | |||
| Line 7: | Line 7: | ||
| | image_blank_emblem = Coat of arms of Ness Ziona.svg | | image_blank_emblem = Coat of arms of Ness Ziona.svg | ||
| | blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Ness Ziona | | blank_emblem_type = Emblem of Ness Ziona | ||
| | pushpin_map_alt |
| pushpin_map_alt= | ||
| | pushpin_map = Israel center ta#Israel | | pushpin_map = Israel center ta#Israel | ||
| | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | | pushpin_mapsize = 250 | ||
| | pushpin_label_position = left | | pushpin_label_position = left | ||
| | pushpin_map_caption |
| pushpin_map_caption= | ||
| | coordinates = {{coord|31|56|N|34|48|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | | coordinates = {{coord|31|56|N|34|48|E|region:IL|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | ||
| | subdivision_type = Country | | subdivision_type = Country | ||
| | subdivision_name = |
| subdivision_name = {{ISR}} | ||
| | subdivision_type1 |
| subdivision_type1= | ||
| | subdivision_name1 |
| subdivision_name1= | ||
| | subdivision_type2 = ] | | subdivision_type2 = ] | ||
| | subdivision_name2 = | | subdivision_name2 = | ||
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
| | population_as_of = {{Israel populations|Year}} | | population_as_of = {{Israel populations|Year}} | ||
| | population_density_km2 = auto | | population_density_km2 = auto | ||
| | demographics_type1 = Ethnicity | |||
| | demographics1_footnotes= {{Israel populations|reference}} | |||
| | demographics1_title1 = ] | |||
| | demographics1_info1 = 99.9% | |||
| | demographics1_title2 = ] | |||
| | demographics1_info2 = 0.1% | |||
| }} | }} | ||
| ⚫ | '''Ness Ziona''' ({{ |
||
| ⚫ | '''Ness Ziona''' ({{langx|he|נֵס צִיּוֹנָה}}, ''Nes Tziyona'') is a city in ], ]. In {{Israel populations|Year}} it had a population of {{Israel populations|Nes Ziyyona}},{{Israel populations|reference}} and its jurisdiction was 15,579 ]s ({{cvt|15.579|km2|disp=sqbr}}).<ref name= profile>{{cite web |title= Local Authorities in Israel 2005, Publication #1295 - Municipality Profiles - Ness Ziona |publisher=]|lang=he |url=http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2005/pdf/204_7200.pdf |access-date=2008-04-14 |archive-date= 2011-06-10| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110610103809/http://www.cbs.gov.il/publications/local_authorities2005/pdf/204_7200.pdf |url-status= live}}</ref> | ||
| ==Ginnot Tzarifin in the Talmud== | |||
| Lying within Ness Ziona's city bounds is the ruin of the Arab village of ], formerly known as ''Ṣarfān'' (צרפאן), but called in Hebrew ''Ginnot Tzarifin''{{dubious |see talk-page: proven by WHAT? |date=January 2024}} ({{Lang-he|גִּינּוֹת צָרִיפִין}}), not to be confused with the ] base ] ({{lang-he|צְרִיפִין}}).<ref>], ''Sefer Kaftor Vaferach'' (ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), vol. 2, chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007 (critical edition), p. 75 (note 268); the Talmudic version of the name of this place is given by Ishtori Haparchi as "ginnot tzarifin," instead of "gagot tzarifin," as shown in vol. 1 (''ibid''.), chapter 7, p. 146. Likewise, the Yemenite version of the Babylonian Talmud, according to Rabbi Yosef Amar, also has written "ginnot tzarifin" for the name of the place, as cited by the Rabbi in the glosses of ''Menaḥot'' 64b (''Talmud Bavli Menuqad'', vol. 17, Jerusalem 1980).</ref> | |||
| ==Identification== | |||
| A story is related in the ] about ''Ginnot Tzarifin'', that during the time of the ] it was customary to enquire where the first of the barley harvest and wheat harvest were reaped when they were brought to the Temple as the ], a ] offering, as it was not permissible to bring them from outside the ] ]. Once, when the ''omer'' offering was brought to Jerusalem, they knew not whence it had come. They enquired of a deaf-mute who knew where it had come from and who, mimicking with his hands, pointed to makeshift booths (Heb. ''tzarifin''), and pointed to rooftops (Heb. ''gagot''), the only word that he could find that rhymed with the word "gardens" (''ginnot''). The sages, asking if there was such a place called ''Gagot Tzarifin'' (lit. "Rooftops of the booths"), were hard-pressed to recall such a place, until at last they remembered that there was a place called ''Ginnot Tzarifin'', and accepted of the man's offering of the ''Omer''.<ref>Babylonian Talmud (''Menaḥot'' 64b); cf. episode in Jerusalem Talmud, ''Sheqalim'' 5:1 (21b)</ref> | |||
| Lying within Ness Ziona's city bounds is the ruin of the Arab village of ], which was depopulated in 1948. Some scholars believe that this is the site that the medieval Jewish traveller ] identified as the ]ic ''Tzrifin'', but other scholars believe Haparchi was referring to ], 5 km distant.<ref>Ishtori Haparchi, ''Sefer Kaftor Vaferach'' (ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), vol. 2, chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007 (critical edition), p. 75 (note 268).</ref><ref name= Tsafrir>{{cite book |author= Tsafrir, Yoram |author2= Di Segni, Leah |author3= Green, Judith |title=]: Judaea, Palaestina |publisher= Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities |location= Jerusalem |year= 1994 |page= 228}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author= Kohn-Taylor, Achia |title= Sarafand al-Amar |journal= Hadashot Arkeologiyot |volume= 120 |year= 2008 |pages= 371–379 |url= http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/reports_eng.aspx?id=118}}</ref> However, neither site has revealed archaeological remains from Talmudic times.<ref name= Taxel>{{cite journal |author = Taxel, Itamar |title= Rural Settlement Processes in Central Palestine, ca. 640-800 c.E.: The Ramla-Yavneh Region as a Case Study |journal= Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |volume= 369 |year= 2013 |pages= 157–199 |doi= 10.5615/bullamerschoorie.369.0157 |s2cid= 163507411 |url=}}</ref> On the basis of excavations at Sarafand al-Kharab, it is believed to have been founded no earlier than the late Byzantine period.<ref name= Taxel/><ref>{{cite journal |author= Golan, Dor |title= Nes Ziyyona, Sarafand el-Kharab Final Report |journal= Hadashot Arkheologiyot |volume= 127 |year= 2015 |url=http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=15734&mag_id=122}}</ref> | |||
| ==History== | ==History== | ||
| ===Wadi Chanin/Nahalat Reuben=== | ===Wadi Chanin/Nahalat Reuben=== | ||
| {{see also|Wadi Hunayn}} | {{see also|Wadi Hunayn}} | ||
| ====German farm ( |
====German farm (1878–1883)==== | ||
| In 1878, the ] ] Gustav Reisler purchased lands in ], planted an orchard, and lived there with his family. The name "'''Wadi-Chanin'''", with its German orthography, became the standard Western name for the place for several decades to come. After losing his wife and children to malaria, Reisler returned to Europe. He travelled to ] in 1882 and met Reuben Lehrer, born Patchornik ( |
In 1878, the ] ] Gustav Reisler purchased lands in ], planted an orchard, and lived there with his family. The name "'''Wadi-Chanin'''", with its German orthography, became the standard Western name for the place for several decades to come. After losing his wife and children to malaria, Reisler returned to Europe. He travelled to ] in 1882 and met Reuben Lehrer, born Patchornik (1832–1917),<ref name=EGL>Levitan, Eilat Gordin. . Retrieved 20 Jan 2024.</ref> a religiously observant Russian Jew with Zionist ideals, who had his own farmland there. Reisler traded his parcel of land in Palestine for Lehrer's land in Russia.<ref name=muni>{{cite web |author=Young, Daphne |title=Ness Ziona – The Flag of Zion! |publisher=Ness Ziona Municipality |url=http://www.ness-ziona.muni.il/Htmls/English/ARTICLE.html |access-date=February 18, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100430210950/http://www.ness-ziona.muni.il/Htmls/English/ARTICLE.html |archive-date=April 30, 2010}}</ref><ref name=lex>{{cite book |last=HaReuveni |first=Immanuel |title=Lexicon of the Land of Palestine |publisher=Miskal – Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books |lang=he |year=1999 |page=692 |isbn=965-448-413-7}}</ref><ref name=NZC>{{Cite web |title=יצירת קשר |trans-title=|url=http://www.nzc.org.il/?CategoryID=209&ArticleID=377 |access-date=2015-02-18 |archive-date=2015-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218035002/http://www.nzc.org.il/?CategoryID=209&ArticleID=377 |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| ====Jewish settlement (1883)==== | ====Jewish settlement (1883)==== | ||
| Reuben Lehrer made ] (emigrated to Palestine) with his eldest son Moshe in 1883, bringing over his wife and another four of his children the following year.<ref name=muni/><ref name=lex/><ref name=NZC/> | Reuben Lehrer made ] (emigrated to Palestine) with his eldest son Moshe in 1883, bringing over his wife and another four of his children the following year.<ref name= muni/><ref name= lex/><ref name= NZC/> | ||
| Lehrer placed advertisements near ] port asking others to join him offering plots in his land for a small amount of money. The pioneers that arrived established a settlement named '''Tel Aviv''' (the city of ] did not yet exist), although the area was still known as Wadi Chanin, from its Arabic name, Wadi Hunayn.<ref name=lex/> | Lehrer placed advertisements near ] port asking others to join him offering plots in his land for a small amount of money. The pioneers that arrived established a settlement named '''Tel Aviv''' (the city of ] did not yet exist), although the area was still known as Wadi Chanin, from its Arabic name, Wadi Hunayn.<ref name= lex/> | ||
| The settlement (colony, ]) was known for a while as Wadi Chanin after the local Arab village,{{dubious |reason=See talk-page: Hebrew article has the village being est. only in 1926 by farmers from Sarafand. Maybe simply named for wadi? |date= January 2024}} and as '''Nahalat Reuben''' (lit. "Reuben's Estate") after Reuben Lehrer. | The settlement (colony, ]) was known for a while as Wadi Chanin after the local Arab village,{{dubious |reason=See talk-page: Hebrew article has the village being est. only in 1926 by farmers from Sarafand. Maybe simply named for wadi? |date= January 2024}} and as '''Nahalat Reuben''' (lit. "Reuben's Estate") after Reuben Lehrer. | ||
| In 1888, Avraham Yalovsky, a ], was killed there defending his workshop from Arab gangs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Yalovsky, Avraham - Life Story |url=http://www.izkor.gov.il/izkor86.asp?t=505868|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410141949/http://www.izkor.gov.il/izkor86.asp?t=505868|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 10, 2009 |access-date=2008-10-22 |
In 1888, Avraham Yalovsky, a ], was killed there defending his workshop from Arab gangs.<ref>{{cite web |title= Yalovsky, Avraham - Life Story |lang= he |website= izkor.gov.il, part of the state commemoration project "Yizkor", organized by the Ministry of Defense |url=http://www.izkor.gov.il/izkor86.asp?t=505868 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090410141949/http://www.izkor.gov.il/izkor86.asp?t=505868 |url-status= dead |archive-date= April 10, 2009 |access-date= 2008-10-22}}</ref> | ||
| ===Ness Ziona (1891)=== | ==={{anchor|Ness Ziona (1891)}}Ness Ziona (1891)=== | ||
| In 1891, Michael Halperin bought more land in the wadi. He gathered a group of people on the "Hill of Love"{{clarify| The English source was overzealous with translaing everything. Hebrew name? Or maybe Arabic? |date= January 2024}} and unfurled a blue and white flag emblazoned with the ] and the words "Ness Ziona" ('Banner toward Zion' or 'Miracle of Zion') written in gold. The name is based on a verse from the ], {{bibleref|Jeremiah| 4:6}}: "Raise a standard toward Zion...". This flag was taken by Halperin to the ] seven years later, where it became the model for the ] adopted by the nascent movement.<ref name=muni/><ref name=lex/> | In 1891, Michael Halperin bought more land in the wadi. He gathered a group of people on the "Hill of Love"{{clarify| The English source was overzealous with translaing everything. Hebrew name? Or maybe Arabic? |date= January 2024}}, where he arrived with the ] mounted guards company he had founded,<ref name= post>{{cite web |title= The Israeli Flag (definitive stamp), 11/2010. Four Milestones in the History of the Flag: Nezz Ziona, 1891 |publisher=], The ] |url= https://services.israelpost.co.il/PostBoolaee.nsf/Allbulim/25823662C6A509C6C22577D100379ECC/$File/Israeli%20Flag.pdf |access-date= 22 January 2024}}</ref> and unfurled a blue and white flag emblazoned with the ] and the words "Ness Ziona" ('Banner toward Zion' or 'Miracle of Zion') written in gold. The name is based on a verse from the ], {{bibleref|Jeremiah| 4:6}}: "Raise a standard toward Zion...". This flag was taken by Halperin to the ] seven years later, where it became the model for the ] adopted by the nascent movement.<ref name= muni/><ref name= lex/> | ||
| ⚫ | ===United Jewish village=== | ||
| ] | |||
| ] | ] | ||
| In 1905, the "Geula" organisation bought the piece of land separating the older Wadi Chanin/Nahalat Reuben and the newer Ness Ziona, allowing the two Jewish settlements to unite into one larger village. | |||
| ⚫ | ===United |
||
| ⚫ | |||
| ===United Jewish–Arab village=== | |||
| In 1926, a new Arab village, Wadi Hunayn, developed across the Jaffa–Jerusalem road from a watermelon farm established there by the Abu Jaber clan from Sarafand el-Kharab, and became part of the same administrative unit as Ness Ziona. | |||
| ⚫ | Until the ], it was the only mixed Arab–Jewish village in Mandatory Palestine. The coexistence was, on the whole, a peaceful one.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nes Ẓiyyonah |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0015_0_14703.html |access-date=2015-03-15 |archive-date=2022-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715130944/https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/nes-x1e92-iyyonah |url-status=live}}</ref> | ||
| ===British Mandate=== | ===British Mandate=== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| According to a ] conducted in 1922 by the ], Ness Ziona had a population of 319 Jews.<ref name= |
According to a ] by the ], Ness Ziona had a population of 319 Jews.<ref name= Census1922>Barron (1923). Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. .</ref> By the 1931 ], it had increased to 1,013 inhabitants in 221 houses.<ref name= Census1931>Mills (1932), p. .</ref> In 1921 a pump and a system of water pipes were installed. In 1924 the British Army contracted the Israel Electric Company{{dubious |Improbable comp. name, "Israel" in 1920s. |date= June 2024}} for wired electric power. The contract allowed the Electric Company to extend the grid beyond the original geographical limits that had been projected by the concession it was given. The high-tension line that exceeded the limits of the original concession ran along some major towns and agricultural settlements, offering extended connections to the Jewish settlements of Rishon Le-Zion, Nes-Ziona and Rehovot (in spite of their proximity to the high-tension line, the Arab towns of Ramleh and Lydda remained unconnected).<ref>Shamir, Ronen (2013). ''Current Flow: The Electrification of Israel''. Stanford: Stanford University Press.</ref> | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| The Great Synagogue of Ness Ziona was built in the 1920s, during the period of the ].<ref>Religious Renewal, ], November 22, 2019</ref> | The Great Synagogue of Ness Ziona was built in the 1920s, during the period of the ].<ref>"Religious Renewal", '']'', November 22, 2019.</ref> | ||
| <gallery> | <gallery> | ||
| Line 77: | Line 90: | ||
| ], Oct. 1939.]] | ], Oct. 1939.]] | ||
| In 1935, a temporary workers' camp named ] was established near Ness Ziona. It was meant as a training camp for new settlement groups ("]"), two of which went on to establish the ]im of ] and ]. | In 1935, a temporary workers' camp named ] after Michael Halperin, was established near Ness Ziona. It was meant as a training camp for new settlement groups ("]"), two of which went on to establish the ]im of ] and ]. | ||
| ===Arab attacks=== | ===Arab attacks=== | ||
| Ness Ziona was attacked by Arab forces during the ], and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The outlying villages of Kfar Aharon and Tirat Shalom (now part of Ness Ziona) frequently exchanged fire with the Arab villages ] and ] (now western ]).<ref name= |
Ness Ziona was attacked by Arab forces during the ], and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The outlying villages of Kfar Aharon and Tirat Shalom (now part of Ness Ziona) frequently exchanged fire with the Arab villages ] and ] (now western ]).<ref name= 110years>{{cite book |author=Regev, Yoav |title= Ness Ziona - 110 Years |year= 1993 |location= Tel Aviv |pages= 48–51 |lang=he}}</ref> Most of Ness Ziona's youth joined the ] to fight off these threats. On May 15, 1948, ] was evacuated of Arab inhabitants, and on May 19, al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa were conquered by the ]. Much of the territory abandoned by the fleeing Arab residents of nearby villages was added to Ness Ziona, increasing its size from {{convert|8|to|15.3|km²|1|abbr=out}} immediately after the war.<ref name= 110years/> | ||
| ===After the establishment of the state=== | ===After the establishment of the state=== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| During the war, Ness Ziona's population almost tripled to become 4,446 (according to an October 23, 1949 survey), and until 1950 the local council absorbed 9,000 '']'', most of whom were housed in '']''. In 1952 a new industrial zone was approved for the town on an area of 70 ]s. In 1955, a second industrial zone was approved.<ref name= |
During the war, Ness Ziona's population almost tripled to become 4,446 (according to an October 23, 1949 survey), and until 1950 the local council absorbed 9,000 '']'', most of whom were housed in '']'' (provisional housing camps). In 1952, a new industrial zone was approved for the town on an area of 70 ]s. In 1955, a second industrial zone was approved.<ref name= 110years/> | ||
| ==Geography== | ==Geography== | ||
| ] | ] | ||
| Ness Ziona is located on the ] approximately {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} inland of the ], to the south of ]. The city is bordered to the north by ], to the east by ], and to the south by ]. ], ], ] ] and ] ] also border the city. The city has been designed to have a rural character due to urban planning that bans the construction of buildings higher than eight stories. Property values have risen by 30 percent in recent years.<ref name= |
Ness Ziona is located on the ] approximately {{convert|10|km|0|abbr=on}} inland of the ], to the south of ]. The city is bordered to the north by ], to the east by ], and to the south by ]. ], ], ] ] and ] ] also border the city. The city has been designed to have a rural character due to urban planning that bans the construction of buildings higher than eight stories. Property values have risen by 30 percent in recent years.<ref name= haaretz>{{cite web |author= Lieberman, Guy |title= Watch out, Tel Aviv! |publisher=] |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/946516.html |access-date= 2008-04-14}}</ref> Ness Ziona is located in the ] metropolitan area. | ||
| ===Neighborhoods=== | ===Neighborhoods=== | ||
| Line 159: | Line 172: | ||
| ==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| *] | *] | ||
| *] |
*], Hebrew word for heritage or estate widely used for toponyms in Israel | ||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 00:54, 1 December 2024
City in Central District, Israel City in Israel| Ness Ziona נֵס צִיּוֹנָה | |
|---|---|
| City (from 1992) | |
 | |
 Emblem of Ness Ziona | |
  Ness ZionaShow map of Central Israel Ness ZionaShow map of Israel | |
| Coordinates: 31°56′N 34°48′E / 31.933°N 34.800°E / 31.933; 34.800 | |
| Country |  Israel |
| District | Central |
| Founded | 1883; 142 years ago (1883) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Shmuel Boxer |
| Area | |
| • Total | 15,579 dunams (15.579 km or 6.015 sq mi) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 50,341 |
| • Density | 3,200/km (8,400/sq mi) |
| Ethnicity | |
| • Jews and others | 99.9% |
| • Arabs | 0.1% |
Ness Ziona (Hebrew: נֵס צִיּוֹנָה, Nes Tziyona) is a city in Central District, Israel. In 2022 it had a population of 50,341, and its jurisdiction was 15,579 dunams (15.579 km ).
Identification
Lying within Ness Ziona's city bounds is the ruin of the Arab village of Sarafand al-Kharab, which was depopulated in 1948. Some scholars believe that this is the site that the medieval Jewish traveller Ishtori Haparchi identified as the Talmudic Tzrifin, but other scholars believe Haparchi was referring to Sarafand al-Amar, 5 km distant. However, neither site has revealed archaeological remains from Talmudic times. On the basis of excavations at Sarafand al-Kharab, it is believed to have been founded no earlier than the late Byzantine period.
History
Wadi Chanin/Nahalat Reuben
See also: Wadi HunaynGerman farm (1878–1883)
In 1878, the German Templer Gustav Reisler purchased lands in Wadi Hunayn, planted an orchard, and lived there with his family. The name "Wadi-Chanin", with its German orthography, became the standard Western name for the place for several decades to come. After losing his wife and children to malaria, Reisler returned to Europe. He travelled to Odessa in 1882 and met Reuben Lehrer, born Patchornik (1832–1917), a religiously observant Russian Jew with Zionist ideals, who had his own farmland there. Reisler traded his parcel of land in Palestine for Lehrer's land in Russia.
Jewish settlement (1883)
Reuben Lehrer made aliyah (emigrated to Palestine) with his eldest son Moshe in 1883, bringing over his wife and another four of his children the following year.
Lehrer placed advertisements near Jaffa port asking others to join him offering plots in his land for a small amount of money. The pioneers that arrived established a settlement named Tel Aviv (the city of Tel Aviv did not yet exist), although the area was still known as Wadi Chanin, from its Arabic name, Wadi Hunayn.
The settlement (colony, moshava) was known for a while as Wadi Chanin after the local Arab village, and as Nahalat Reuben (lit. "Reuben's Estate") after Reuben Lehrer.
In 1888, Avraham Yalovsky, a blacksmith, was killed there defending his workshop from Arab gangs.
Ness Ziona (1891)
In 1891, Michael Halperin bought more land in the wadi. He gathered a group of people on the "Hill of Love", where he arrived with the "Mahane Yehuda" mounted guards company he had founded, and unfurled a blue and white flag emblazoned with the Star of David and the words "Ness Ziona" ('Banner toward Zion' or 'Miracle of Zion') written in gold. The name is based on a verse from the Book of Jeremiah, Jeremiah 4:6: "Raise a standard toward Zion...". This flag was taken by Halperin to the First Zionist Congress seven years later, where it became the model for the official flag adopted by the nascent movement.
United Jewish village
In 1905, the "Geula" organisation bought the piece of land separating the older Wadi Chanin/Nahalat Reuben and the newer Ness Ziona, allowing the two Jewish settlements to unite into one larger village.
United Jewish–Arab village
In 1926, a new Arab village, Wadi Hunayn, developed across the Jaffa–Jerusalem road from a watermelon farm established there by the Abu Jaber clan from Sarafand el-Kharab, and became part of the same administrative unit as Ness Ziona.
Until the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, it was the only mixed Arab–Jewish village in Mandatory Palestine. The coexistence was, on the whole, a peaceful one.
British Mandate
According to a census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, Ness Ziona had a population of 319 Jews. By the 1931 census, it had increased to 1,013 inhabitants in 221 houses. In 1921 a pump and a system of water pipes were installed. In 1924 the British Army contracted the Israel Electric Company for wired electric power. The contract allowed the Electric Company to extend the grid beyond the original geographical limits that had been projected by the concession it was given. The high-tension line that exceeded the limits of the original concession ran along some major towns and agricultural settlements, offering extended connections to the Jewish settlements of Rishon Le-Zion, Nes-Ziona and Rehovot (in spite of their proximity to the high-tension line, the Arab towns of Ramleh and Lydda remained unconnected).
The Great Synagogue of Ness Ziona was built in the 1920s, during the period of the Third Aliyah.
-
Bedouin encampment at Ness Ziona, 1934
-
Ness Ziona (Nes Tisyona) on 1945 1:250,000 map
-
Ness Ziona (Nes Tsiyona) on 1948 1:20,000 map
Givat Michael
In 1935, a temporary workers' camp named Givat Michael after Michael Halperin, was established near Ness Ziona. It was meant as a training camp for new settlement groups ("gar'in"), two of which went on to establish the kibbutzim of Gal On and Mesilot.
Arab attacks
Ness Ziona was attacked by Arab forces during the 1936–39 Arab Revolt, and the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The outlying villages of Kfar Aharon and Tirat Shalom (now part of Ness Ziona) frequently exchanged fire with the Arab villages al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa (now western Rehovot). Most of Ness Ziona's youth joined the Haganah to fight off these threats. On May 15, 1948, Sarafand al-Kharab was evacuated of Arab inhabitants, and on May 19, al-Qubayba and Zarnuqa were conquered by the Givati Brigade. Much of the territory abandoned by the fleeing Arab residents of nearby villages was added to Ness Ziona, increasing its size from 8 to 15.3 square kilometres (3.1 to 5.9 sq mi) immediately after the war.
After the establishment of the state
During the war, Ness Ziona's population almost tripled to become 4,446 (according to an October 23, 1949 survey), and until 1950 the local council absorbed 9,000 olim, most of whom were housed in ma'abarot (provisional housing camps). In 1952, a new industrial zone was approved for the town on an area of 70 dunams. In 1955, a second industrial zone was approved.
Geography
Ness Ziona is located on the Israeli coastal plain approximately 10 km (6 mi) inland of the Mediterranean Sea, to the south of Tel Aviv. The city is bordered to the north by Rishon LeZion, to the east by Be'er Ya'akov, and to the south by Rehovot. Beit Hanan, Beit Oved, Ayanot youth village and Kibbutz Netzer Sereni also border the city. The city has been designed to have a rural character due to urban planning that bans the construction of buildings higher than eight stories. Property values have risen by 30 percent in recent years. Ness Ziona is located in the Gush Dan metropolitan area.
Neighborhoods
Ness Ziona is composed of a central core and villages that came under its municipal jurisdiction over time. The city also has two industrial zones and a high-tech park, Kiryat Weizmann.
Demographics
According to the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), in 2005 the ethnic makeup of the city was 99.6% Jewish and other non-Arabs. At the end of 2004 there were 612 immigrants (2.2%), although this rose sharply to 7.8% in 2005. The city also receives significant internal migration, and is popular among Tel Aviv residents seeking to leave the city.
In 2005 there were 14,400 males and 14,900 females. 31.8% of the population was 19 years of age or younger, 15.2% between 20 and 29, 21% between 30 and 44, 19.1% from 45 to 59, 3.1% from 60 to 64, and 9.7% 65 years of age or older. The population growth rate in 2006 was 5.8%.
In 2005, there were 11,830 salaried workers and 984 self-employed. The mean monthly wage for a salaried worker was NIS 7,597, a 9.2% increase over 2000. Salaried males had a mean monthly wage of NIS 9,802 (an 8.4% increase) versus NIS 5,595 for females (a 14% increase). The mean income for the self-employed was 7,064. There were 290 people receiving unemployment benefits and 986 receiving an income guarantee (welfare).
Economy
Ness Ziona is home to the Israel Institute for Biological Research (IIBR), a secret government defence research institute working in chemical and biological research with 350 employees, and Zenith Solar, a solar energy company. The Kiryat Weizmann Science Park is a magnet for many Israeli start-ups, among them Indigo Digital Press, which was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2002 and manufactures high-end digital printing presses.
Education
Schools
Until 1961 there was only elementary school in Ness Ziona. In 1961 (שנת הלימודים תשכ"ב), Ben Gurion High school was opened.
there are 20 schools in Ness Ziona
- Elementary: "Rishonim", "Eshkol", "Savionim", "Ben Zvi", "Hadar", "Shaked", "Nizanim", "Argaman", "Lev HaMoshava", "Irus", "Sadot" and "Shibolim".
- Religious: "Reut", "Habad".
- High Schools: "Golda", "Ben Gurion", "Eliezer Ben Yehuda", "Park HaMada".
- Special Education: "HaTomer", "Dklaim".
Youth Organizations
The following youth organizations have chapters in Ness Ziona:
- Bnei Akiva
- HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed
- Maccabi youth movement
- Hebrew Scouts Movement in Israel
- Krembo Wings
- Moadonchik
- Israel Gay Youth
Sports
The city has been represented in the top division of Israeli football by two different clubs; Maccabi Ness Ziona competed in the top flight in the first post-independence season. However, they lost all 24 games, and were relegated. A new club, Sektzia Ness Ziona was formed in 1956 and reached the top flight in 1966. However, they were relegated after only one season. After folding, they reformed as Ironi Ness Ziona in 2001, and since then have reverted to their former name and reached Liga Leumit, the second tier. The club plays at the Ness Ziona Stadium.
The town is also home to a basketball team, Ironi Nes Ziona B.C., playing in the national premier league.
Transportation
Ness Ziona has two main roads – Highway 42 to the west, and Road 412 (Weizmann Street), which goes through the city center and connects to Rishon LeZion and Rehovot.
Ness Ziona is also served by 5 bus lines operated by Egged (company).
Notable people
- Avigdor Kahalani (born 1944), soldier and politician
- Avraham Katz (1931–1986), politician
- Tamir Nabaty (born 1991), chess Grandmaster
- Ya'akov Shahar (born 1941), owner of Maccabi Haifa
- Shimi Tavori (born 1953), singer
- Pini Zahavi (born 1955), football agent
- Dror Zeigerman (born 1948), politician and diplomat
- Misha Zilberman (born 1989), Olympic badminton player
Twin towns – sister cities
Ness Ziona is twinned with:
Freiberg, Germany
Le Grand-Quevilly, France- Solingen, Germany
Qingdao, China
Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland
See also
- Population groups in Israel
- Nahala (disambiguation), Hebrew word for heritage or estate widely used for toponyms in Israel
References
- ^ "Regional Statistics". Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 21 March 2024.
- ^ "Local Authorities in Israel 2005, Publication #1295 - Municipality Profiles - Ness Ziona" (PDF) (in Hebrew). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
- Ishtori Haparchi, Sefer Kaftor Vaferach (ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), vol. 2, chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007 (critical edition), p. 75 (note 268).
- Tsafrir, Yoram; Di Segni, Leah; Green, Judith (1994). Tabula Imperii Romani: Judaea, Palaestina. Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities. p. 228.
- Kohn-Taylor, Achia (2008). "Sarafand al-Amar". Hadashot Arkeologiyot. 120: 371–379.
- ^ Taxel, Itamar (2013). "Rural Settlement Processes in Central Palestine, ca. 640-800 c.E.: The Ramla-Yavneh Region as a Case Study". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research. 369: 157–199. doi:10.5615/bullamerschoorie.369.0157. S2CID 163507411.
- Golan, Dor (2015). "Nes Ziyyona, Sarafand el-Kharab Final Report". Hadashot Arkheologiyot. 127.
- Levitan, Eilat Gordin. "Patchornik Family". Retrieved 20 Jan 2024.
- ^ Young, Daphne. "Ness Ziona – The Flag of Zion!". Ness Ziona Municipality. Archived from the original on April 30, 2010. Retrieved February 18, 2015.
- ^ HaReuveni, Immanuel (1999). Lexicon of the Land of Palestine (in Hebrew). Miskal – Yedioth Ahronoth Books and Chemed Books. p. 692. ISBN 965-448-413-7.
- ^ "יצירת קשר". Archived from the original on 2015-02-18. Retrieved 2015-02-18.
- "Yalovsky, Avraham - Life Story". izkor.gov.il, part of the state commemoration project "Yizkor", organized by the Ministry of Defense (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on April 10, 2009. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
- "The Israeli Flag (definitive stamp), 11/2010. Four Milestones in the History of the Flag: Nezz Ziona, 1891" (PDF). Israel Post, The Israel Philatelic Service. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
- "Nes Ẓiyyonah". Jewish Virtual Library. Archived from the original on 2022-07-15. Retrieved 2015-03-15.
- Barron (1923). Table VII, Sub-district of Ramleh, p. 22.
- Mills (1932), p. 22.
- Shamir, Ronen (2013). Current Flow: The Electrification of Israel. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- "Religious Renewal", Haaretz, November 22, 2019.
- ^ Regev, Yoav (1993). Ness Ziona - 110 Years (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv. pp. 48–51.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Lieberman, Guy. "Watch out, Tel Aviv!". Haaretz. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
- "Population and Density Per Sq. Km. in Localities Numbering Above 5,000 Residents" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2004-12-31. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-04-07. Retrieved 2008-04-26.
- "Table 3 - Population of Localities Numbering Above 2,000 Residents and Other Rural Population" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. 2010-06-30. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-11-21. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
- Pringle, Peter (27 April 2014). "The Observer newspaper: Marcus Klingberg: the spy who knew too much, 27 April 2014". The Observer. Archived from the original on 3 July 2017. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
- At the Zenith of Solar Energy Archived 2011-05-23 at the Wayback Machine, Neal Sandler, Businessweek, March 26, 2008
- "Israel - List of Final Tables". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 2017-10-15. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
- "Twin Cities". Ness Ziona Municipality. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2019.
External links
| Central District of Israel | ||
|---|---|---|
| Cities |  | |
| Local councils | ||
| Regional councils | ||
| Boroughs | ||
| See also | ||
| Israeli cities | |
|---|---|
| 300,000+ | |
| 200,000–299,999 | |
| 100,000–199,999 | |
| 50,000–99,999 | |
| 15,000–49,999 |
|