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{{Short description|Special device to deep fry food in a vacuum}}
{{no footnotes|date=March 2014}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}} {{Use dmy dates|date=January 2014}}
⚫ A '''vacuum fryer''' is a ] device housed inside a ] chamber. With vacuum frying it is easier to maintain natural colors and flavours of the finished product. Due to the lower ]s applied (approximately {{convert|130|°C|°F}}), the formation of suspected ] ] is significantly lower than in standard atmospheric fryers, where the frying temperature is approximately {{convert|170|°C|°F}}.<ref name=Granda/> The ] absorption of the products is also reported to be lower than in atmospheric fryers. In Southeast Asia (mainly the ], ], ] and ]) batch type vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit chips. However, these machines are only appropriate for relatively small production companies.{{clarify|date=November 2024}}<ref name=Granda>{{Cite journal|last1=Granda|first1=C.|last2=Moreira|first2=R.g.|last3=Tichy|first3=S.e.|date=2004-10-01|title=Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low-temperature Vacuum Frying|journal=Journal of Food Science|language=en|volume=69|issue=8|pages=E405–E411|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09903.x|issn=1750-3841}}</ref>
A '''vacuum fryer''' is a ] device housed inside a ] chamber. It was originally developed for ] production.


==Working principle==
⚫ Vacuum fryers are fit to process low-quality ]es that contain higher sugar levels than normal, as they frequently have to be processed in spring and early summer before the potatoes from the new ] become available. With vacuum frying it is easier to maintain natural colors and flavours of the finished product. Due to the lower ]s applied (approx. {{convert|130|°C|°F}}), the formation of suspected ] ] is significantly lower than in standard atmospheric fryers, where the frying temperature is approx. {{convert|170|°C|°F}}. The ] absorption of the products is also reported to be lower than in atmospheric fryers. In South East Asia (mainly ], ], ] and ]) batch type vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit chips. However, these machines are only appropriate for relatively small production companies.
Water ] at lower pressure. As pressure decreases below that of the ], the boiling point of water also drops below 100 °C (212 °F).<ref>{{Cite web |last=Purdue University |title=Boiling |url=https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/boil.html |access-date=2024-07-26 |website=www.chem.purdue.edu}}</ref>
<gallery></gallery>


Vacuum fryers allow food items to be fried at lower temperatures by lowering the pressure inside the chamber. This allows the frying of heat-sensitive foods that would have otherwise been burned in the normal ] process.<ref>{{cite book |chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328746067 |doi=10.1007/978-981-13-2490-1_13|chapter=Design and Analysis of Vertical Vacuum Fryer |title=Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation |series=Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering |year=2019 |last1=Gupta |first1=Abhishek |last2=Choudhari |first2=Amit |last3=Kadaka |first3=Taha |last4=Rayar |first4=Pavan |pages=133–149 |isbn=978-981-13-2489-5 |s2cid=135418355 }}</ref>
⚫ ==Continuous Vacuum Fryers==


⚫ ==Continuous vacuum fryers==
For larger production quantities, continuous vacuum fryers are available. In these installations, the ] frying pan is installed in a stainless ] vacuum tube. The infeed of the raw product is carried out through a rotary ].
Depending on the application, the ] itself is designed to meet the different product specifications. A transport belt takes the finished product out of the fryer and towards the outfeed system. A lock chamber at the exit of the vacuum tube prevents air from entering the vacuum zone, and a belt system takes the product from one zone to another. For larger production quantities, continuous vacuum fryers are available. In these installations, the ] ] is installed in a ] vacuum tube. The infeed of the raw product is carried out through a rotary ]. Depending on the application, the frying pan itself is designed to meet the different product specifications. A transport belt takes the finished product out of the fryer and towards the outfeed system. A lock chamber at the exit of the vacuum tube prevents air from entering the vacuum zone, and a belt system takes the product from one zone to another.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ift.confex.com/ift/2002/techprogram/paper_10613.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120311024700/http://ift.confex.com/ift/2002/techprogram/paper_10613.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2012-03-11|title=91C-19 Vacuum frying of potato chips|date=2012-03-11|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.airfryervergelijken.nl/|title=Airfryer, gezonder frituren - alle informatie op airfryervergelijken.nl|website=Airfryervergelijken.nl|language=nl-NL|access-date=2016-12-08}}</ref> The vacuum is created by ]s, and the whole system is controlled by a ].


⚫ In batch fryers, the frying oil has to be replaced quite often as it is sensitive to temperature changes. Continuous vacuum fryers lead to a longer lifetime of the frying oil and therefore lower the production costs. Vacuum fryers can also reduce oil content in fried foods. The amount of reduced oil content, usually 1–3%, depends on the type of vacuum fryer.<ref>Journal of Food Engineering
The vacuum is created by ]s, and the whole system is controlled by a ].
Volume 55, Issue 2, November 2002, Pages 181-191,

"Vacuum frying of potato chips"
⚫ In batch fryers, the frying oil has to be replaced quite often as it is sensitive to temperature changes. Continuous vacuum fryers lead to a longer lifetime of the frying oil and therefore lower the production costs. Vacuum fryers can also reduce oil content in fried foods. The amount of reduced oil content, usually 1-3%, depends on the type of vacuum fryer.
By Jagoba Garayo & Rosana Moreira,
⚫ Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station - TX - 77843-2117, USA
Received 31 October 2001, Accepted 5 February 2002, Available online 12 March 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00062-6</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
{{Portal|Food}} {{Portal|Cooking|Food}}
* ] * ]
* ] * ]


==References== ==References==
{{reflist}}
<div class="references-small">
* {{cite journal|
|title=Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low-temperature Vacuum Frying
|authors=C. Granda, R. G. Moreira, S. E. Tichy
⚫ |work=Journal of Food Science
⚫ |publisher=]
|date=October 2004
|issue=69
|pages=E405–E411
|doi=10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09903.x
|url=http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09903.x
|accessdate=17 September 2012
}}</div>
{{Reflist}}


==External links== ==External links==
* {{cite journal * {{cite web
|title=Vacuum frying of potato chips |title = Harvest Bay uses vacuum frying for snack products
⚫ |work = The World of Food Science
|authors=R. G. Moreira, J. Garayo
⚫ |publisher = ]
|work=2002 Annual Meeting and Food Expo,
⚫ |date = 8 November 2002
|publisher=]
⚫ |url = http://www.worldfoodscience.org/cms/?pid=1001723
|id=91C-19
|publication-date=18 June 2002 |access-date = 17 September 2012
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130206105255/http://www.worldfoodscience.org/cms/?pid=1001723
|url=http://ift.confex.com/ift/2002/techprogram/paper_10613.htm
|archive-date = 6 February 2013
|accessdate=17 September 2012
|url-status = dead
⚫ }} Additional citation: Biological & Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M Univ, 310 Scoates Hall, College Station, TX 77843-2117.
|df = dmy-all
* {{cite web|
|title=Harvest Bay uses vacuum frying for snack products
|work=The World of Food Science
|publisher=]
⚫ |date=8 November 2002
⚫ |url=http://www.worldfoodscience.org/cms/?pid=1001723
|accessdate=17 September 2012
}} }}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book|last1=Henry C. Dethloff, Stephen W. Searcy|title=Engineering Agriculture at Texas A&M: The First Hundred Years|date=2015|publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=978-1623492892|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EnJ8BgAAQBAJ|access-date=8 December 2016}}


] ]

Latest revision as of 13:18, 1 December 2024

Special device to deep fry food in a vacuum
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A vacuum fryer is a deep-frying device housed inside a vacuum chamber. With vacuum frying it is easier to maintain natural colors and flavours of the finished product. Due to the lower temperatures applied (approximately 130 °C (266 °F)), the formation of suspected carcinogen acrylamide is significantly lower than in standard atmospheric fryers, where the frying temperature is approximately 170 °C (338 °F). The fat absorption of the products is also reported to be lower than in atmospheric fryers. In Southeast Asia (mainly the Philippines, Thailand, China and Indonesia) batch type vacuum fryers are mainly used for the production of fruit chips. However, these machines are only appropriate for relatively small production companies.

Working principle

Water boils at lower temperatures at lower pressure. As pressure decreases below that of the general atmosphere, the boiling point of water also drops below 100 °C (212 °F).

Vacuum fryers allow food items to be fried at lower temperatures by lowering the pressure inside the chamber. This allows the frying of heat-sensitive foods that would have otherwise been burned in the normal deep frying process.

Continuous vacuum fryers

For larger production quantities, continuous vacuum fryers are available. In these installations, the vacuum frying pan is installed in a stainless steel vacuum tube. The infeed of the raw product is carried out through a rotary airlock. Depending on the application, the frying pan itself is designed to meet the different product specifications. A transport belt takes the finished product out of the fryer and towards the outfeed system. A lock chamber at the exit of the vacuum tube prevents air from entering the vacuum zone, and a belt system takes the product from one zone to another. The vacuum is created by vacuum pumps, and the whole system is controlled by a programmable logic controller.

In batch fryers, the frying oil has to be replaced quite often as it is sensitive to temperature changes. Continuous vacuum fryers lead to a longer lifetime of the frying oil and therefore lower the production costs. Vacuum fryers can also reduce oil content in fried foods. The amount of reduced oil content, usually 1–3%, depends on the type of vacuum fryer.

See also

References

  1. ^ Granda, C.; Moreira, R.g.; Tichy, S.e. (1 October 2004). "Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low-temperature Vacuum Frying". Journal of Food Science. 69 (8): E405–E411. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09903.x. ISSN 1750-3841.
  2. Purdue University. "Boiling". www.chem.purdue.edu. Retrieved 26 July 2024.
  3. Gupta, Abhishek; Choudhari, Amit; Kadaka, Taha; Rayar, Pavan (2019). "Design and Analysis of Vertical Vacuum Fryer". Proceedings of International Conference on Intelligent Manufacturing and Automation. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. pp. 133–149. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2490-1_13. ISBN 978-981-13-2489-5. S2CID 135418355.
  4. "91C-19 Vacuum frying of potato chips". 11 March 2012. Archived from the original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  5. "Airfryer, gezonder frituren - alle informatie op airfryervergelijken.nl". Airfryervergelijken.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  6. Journal of Food Engineering Volume 55, Issue 2, November 2002, Pages 181-191, "Vacuum frying of potato chips" By Jagoba Garayo & Rosana Moreira, Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station - TX - 77843-2117, USA Received 31 October 2001, Accepted 5 February 2002, Available online 12 March 2002. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0260-8774(02)00062-6

External links

Further reading

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