Misplaced Pages

Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha: Difference between revisions

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
Browse history interactively← Previous editContent deleted Content addedVisualWikitext
Revision as of 01:27, 17 July 2012 view sourceDumbBOT (talk | contribs)Bots293,093 edits removing a protection template from a non-protected page (info)← Previous edit Latest revision as of 13:53, 2 December 2024 view source Sira Aspera (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users15,085 editsmNo edit summaryTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit Advanced mobile edit 
(324 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1523 to 1536}}
{{Other uses|Ibrahim Pasha (disambiguation)}}
{{about||the later (1604) governor of Egypt, also named Ibrahim Pasha and also known by the epithet Maktul ("the Slain")|Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha|other people|Ibrahim Pasha (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox military person
{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}
| name = '''Makbul Ibrahim Pasha'''
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
| image =]
{{Infobox officeholder
| caption = Depiction of Ibrahim Pasha on a contemporary German print, with a translation of a letter sent by Ibrahim to the commanders of ] during the ]. Print by ].
| birth_date = 1493 | name = Ibrahim
| death_date = 1536 | honorific-suffix = ]
| image = Arolsen Klebeband 01 463 1 (cropped).jpg
| placeofburial_label =
| image_size = 280px
| placeofburial =
| caption = Engraving of Ibrahim Pasha
| birth_place = ], ]
| wife = Hatice Sultan ( daughter of ] ) | office1 = 28th ]
| term_start1 = 27 June 1523
| death_place = ], ]<br/>
| term_end1 = 5 March 1536
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| monarch1 = ]
| nickname =
| predecessor1 = ]
| allegiance = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
| branch = | successor1 = ]
| office2 = ]
| serviceyears =
| rank = ]<br>'']'' | term_start2 = 1525
| term_end2 = 1525
| servicenumber =
| unit = | monarch2 = ]
| commands = | predecessor2 = ]
| battles = | successor2 = Güzelce Kasım Pasha
| office3 =
| battles_label =
| awards = | term_start3 =
| relations = | term_end3 =
| laterwork = | monarch3 =
| predecessor3 =
| successor3 =
| office4 =
| term_start4 =
| term_end4 =
| monarch4 =
| predecessor4 =
| successor4 =
| succeeding =
| birth_date = {{circa}} 1495
| birth_place = ], Republic of Venice
| death_date = {{death date and age|1536|3|5|1495|df=yes}}
| death_place = ], Ottoman Empire
| nationality = ]
| blank1 =
| data1 =
| party =
| spouse = Muhsine Hatun<ref name=muhsine/>
| relations =
| children = Mehmed Şah Bey
| residence =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| profession =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}} }}


'''Pargali Ibrahim Pasha''' ({{IPA-tr|paɾgaˈlɯ ibɾaːˈhim paˈʃa}}) (1493 or 1494–1536), also known as '''Frenk Ibrahim Pasha''' (the "Westerner"), '''Makbul Ibrahim Pasha''' ("the Favorite"), which later ] into '''Maktul Ibrahim Pasha''' ("the Executed") after his execution in the ], was the first ] in the ] appointed by ] (r. 1520 to 1566). In 1523, he replaced ], who had been appointed in 1518 by ]'s father, the preceding sultan ], and remained in office for 13 years. He attained a level of authority and influence rivalled by only a handful of other Grand Viziers of the Empire, but in 1536 he was executed by the Sultan and his property was confiscated by the State. '''Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha'''{{efn|also known as '''Frenk Ibrahim Pasha''' ("the Westerner"), '''Makbul Ibrahim Pasha''' ("the Favorite"), which later changed to '''Maktul Ibrahim Pasha''' ("the Executed") after his execution in the ].}} ({{circa}} 1495–5 March 1536), was the first ] appointed by ] ].

Ibrahim, born as Orthodox Christian, was ] during his youth. He and Suleiman became close friends in their youth. In 1523, Suleiman appointed Ibrahim as grand vizier to replace ], who had been appointed in 1518 by Suleiman's father, the preceding Sultan ]. Ibrahim remained in office for the next 13 years. He attained a level of authority and influence rivaled by only a handful of other grand viziers of the Empire, but in 1536, he was executed on Suleiman's orders and his property (much of which was gifted to him by the Sultan) was confiscated by the state.


==Biography== ==Biography==
===Origin===
Ibrahim was born a ] ], near ], ], modern ].<ref>Margaret Rich Greer, Walter Mignolo, Maureen Quilligan. , University of Chicago Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-226-30722-0, p. 41: "Ibrahim Pasha, his intimate and grand vezir, a Greek from Parga in Epirus"</ref><ref>Willem Frederik Bakker. BRILL, 1972. ISBN 978-90-04-03552-2 ,p. 312</ref><ref>Roger Bigelow Merriman. READ BOOKS, 2008. ISBN 978-1-4437-3145-4, p. 76</ref><ref name=Andrews>Walter G. Andrews, Najaat Black, Mehmet Kalpaklı. University of Washington Press, 2006. ISBN 978-0-295-98595-4, p. 230.</ref><ref>Machiel Kiel. . Variorum, 1990. ISBN 9780860782766, p. 416.</ref><ref name="Ostle2008">{{cite book|last=Ostle|first=Robin|title=Sensibilities of the Islamic Mediterranean: self-expression in a Muslim culture from post-classical times to the present day|url=books.google.com/books?id=t_khAQAAIAAJ|accessdate=11 December 2011|date=2008-10-14|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-1-84511-650-7|page=75}}</ref>
Ibrahim was born to ] parents in ], ], then part of the ]. His ethnicity is unknown, but he probably originally spoke a Slavic dialect and also knew Greek and Albanian. His father was either a sailor or a fisherman.<ref name=origin>{{cite journal |last=Turan |first=Ebru |title=The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire |journal=Turcica |volume=41 |date=2009 |pages=5–6 |doi=10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287 |quote=Originally, he probably spoke a Slavic dialect; sources mention that during the peace negotiations with the Habsburgs in 1533 he conversed in his mother tongue with Ferdinand I's representative Jerome of Zara, who was a Croatian... Venetian sources indicate that the pasha could also speak Greek and Albanian.}}</ref> Some time between 1499 and 1502 he was captured in a raid by ], the Ottoman governor of Bosnia, becoming a slave. He first met Prince ] while residing at Iskender Pasha's estate near ], most likely in 1514. It was then that he was taken into Suleiman's service.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Turan |first=Ebru |title=The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire |journal=Turcica |volume=41 |date=2009 |pages=6–9|doi=10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287 }}</ref>


===Political career===
He was the son of a sailor in ] and as a child he was carried off by pirates and sold as a ] to the ] Palace in western ], where Ottoman ]s ('']'') were being educated. There, he was befriended by crown prince ], who was of the same age. Ibrahim received his ] and became a ] and ]. Upon Suleiman's accession to the Ottoman throne in 1520, he was awarded various posts, the first being the Falconer of the Sultan. Ibrahim proved his skills in numerous diplomatic encounters and military campaigns, and was so rapidly promoted that at one point he begged Suleiman not to promote him too rapidly, for fear of arousing the jealousy and enmity of the other ]s, who expected some of those titles for themselves. Pleased with Ibrahim's display of modesty, Suleiman purportedly swore that he would never be put to death during his reign. After being appointed ], Ibrahim Pasha continued to receive other additional appointments and titles from the sultan (such as the title of ]), and his power in the ] became almost as absolute as his master's.


After his rival ], the ], declared himself independent of the Ottoman Empire and was executed in 1524, Ibrahim Pasha traveled south to Egypt in 1525 and reformed the Egyptian provincial civil and military administration system. He promulgated an edict, the ''Kanunname'', outlining his system.<ref name="Raymond2001-191">{{cite book|last=Raymond|first=André|others=Translated by Willard Wood|title=Cairo: City of History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=W8CVAAAACAAJ|edition=Harvard|year=2001|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|location=Cairo, Egypt; New York|isbn=978-977-424-660-9|page=191}}</ref><ref name="HoltGray1975">{{cite journal|last1=Holt|first1=P. M.|last2=Gray|first2=Richard|editor1-last=Fage|editor1-first=J.D.|editor2-last=Oliver|editor2-first=Roland|title=Egypt, the Funj and Darfur|journal=The Cambridge History of Africa|location=London, New York, Melbourne|publisher=Cambridge University Press|volume=IV|year=1975|pages=14–57|doi=10.1017/CHOL9780521204132.003|isbn=9781139054584}}</ref>
Although he married Süleyman's sister, Sultana (Princess) Hatice, and was as such a bridegroom to the Ottoman dynasty (''Damat''), this title is not frequently used in association with him, possibly in order not to confuse him with other grand viziers who were namesakes (] (a ]) and ] (a Turk).) He is usually referred to as "Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha" or "Frenk (''the European'') Ibrahim Pasha" due to his tastes and manners. Yet another name given by his contemporaries was "Makbul Maktul" (''favorite and killed'') Ibrahim Pasha.


In a lavish ceremony in 1523, Ibrahim Pasha was married to Muhsine Hatun, the granddaughter of the same Iskender Pasha who had captured him more than two decades previously. This marriage appears to have been politically motivated as a method of integrating Ibrahim, an outsider, into the Ottoman elite. While Muhsine was initially skeptical about her new husband, they eventually formed a loving relationship. Although historians once believed that the woman Ibrahim married was ], the sister of Sultan Suleiman, this had been based on scanty evidence and conjecture. As a result of research carried out by the historian Ebru Turan, including the discovery of multiple references to Muhsine in Venetian and Ottoman texts as well as a signed letter from her to Ibrahim, it is now accepted that Ibrahim's wife was Muhsine and not Hatice. They had at least one child, a son named Mehmed Şah Bey (dead in 1539).<ref name=muhsine>{{cite journal |last=Turan |first=Ebru |title=The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire |journal=Turcica |volume=41 |date=2009 |pages=3–36|doi=10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287 }}
] in ], ].]]
* {{Cite book |last=Şahin |first=Kaya |title=Empire and Power in the reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-107-03442-6 |pages=51}}
* {{Cite book |last=Peirce |first=Leslie |title=Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire |year=2017 |publisher=Basic Books |page=157 |quote=Muhsine, granddaughter of an illustrious statesman, is now largely accepted as Ibrahim's wife.}}</ref>


] in ], ], now the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum.]] His palace, which still stands on the west side of the ] in Istanbul, has been converted into the modern-day ].
His palace, which still stands on ] in ], is currently the ]. Built according to a design which is unmistakably defensive in concept (he had fearsome rivals), the building is the only residence built by someone outside the Ottoman dynasty that deserves to be designated as a palace.


] and Ibrahim Pasha, a few days before his execution, expanding to the whole ] the privileges received by ] in ] from the ] before 1518.]] ] and Ibrahim Pasha, a few days before his execution, expanding to the whole ] the privileges received by France in ] from the ] before 1518.]]


On the diplomatic front, Ibrahim's work with Western Christendom was a complete success. Portraying himself as "the real power behind the Ottoman Empire", Ibrahim used a variety of tactics to negotiate favorable deals with the leaders of the Catholic powers. The ] diplomats even referred to him as "Ibrahim the Magnificent", a play on Suleiman's usual sobriquet. In 1533, he convinced ] to turn ] into an Ottoman vassal state. In 1535, he completed a monumental agreement with ] that gave France favorable trade rights within the Ottoman empire in exchange for joint action against the ]. This agreement would set the stage for joint ], including the ] (in ]) during the winter of 1543-1544. On the diplomatic front, Ibrahim's work with Western ] was a complete success. Portraying himself as "the real power behind the Ottoman Empire", Ibrahim used a variety of tactics to negotiate favorable deals with the leaders of the Catholic powers. The ] diplomats even referred to him as "Ibrahim the Magnificent",<ref>Jenkins, H. D. (1970). Chapter 5L Ibrahim's Fall. In Ibrahim Pasha: Grand Vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent, 38-39. Essay, AMS Press.</ref> a play on Suleiman's usual sobriquet. In 1533, he convinced ] to turn ] into an Ottoman vassal state. In 1535, he completed a monumental agreement with ] that gave France favorable trade rights within the Ottoman Empire in exchange for joint action against the ]. This agreement would set the stage for joint ], including the ] (in ]) during the winter of 1543–1544.


Although Ibrahim Pasha had long since converted to Islam, he maintained some ties to his roots, even bringing his parents to live with him in the Ottoman capital, where they also converted to Islam. His father took the name Yusuf and joined the Ottoman elite, becoming a governor in Epirus.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Turan |first=Ebru |title=The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire |journal=Turcica |volume=41 |date=2009 |pages=6|doi=10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287 }}</ref>
A skilled commander of ], he eventually fell from grace after an imprudence committed during a campaign against the ] ] empire, when he awarded himself a title including the word ] (in particular, his adoption of the title ''Serasker Sultan'' was seen as a grave affront to Suleiman.{{citation needed|date=February 2011}}) This incident launched a series of events which culminated in his execution in 1536, thirteen years after having been promoted as Grand Vizier. It has also been suggested by a number of sources that Ibrahim Pasha had been a victim of ]'s (], the sultan's wife) intrigues and rising influence on the sovereign, especially in view of Ibrahim's past support for the cause of ], Suleiman I's first son and heir to the throne, who was accused of treason and strangled to death upon an order by his father on 6 October 1553, through a series of plots put in motion by Roxelana (who wanted one of her sons to become the next sultan, instead of Mustafa who was the son of ], Suleiman's first ].)


As he attained increasing wealth and power, he also attained enemies; such as the famous ]. After a dinner with the Sultan on 5 March 1536, Ibrahim Pasha went to bed. Upon arrival to his room, he was seized, and killed. Thus, Hürrem became the chief political advisor to her husband, the Sultan.<ref>], ''Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566'' (1944) pp 184–185.</ref><ref>Jenkins (1911), 109-125.</ref>
Although he had long since converted into Islam, he maintained some ties to his Christian roots, even bringing his parents to live with him in the Ottoman capital.<ref name=Andrews/>


==In popular media==
Since Suleiman had sworn not to take Ibrahim's life during his reign, he acquired a '']'', which permitted him to take back the oath by building a mosque in ]. He announced the ''fetva'' one week before Ibrahim's execution and dined alone with him seven times before the final move, so to give his lifelong friend a chance to flee the country or to take the sultan's own life. It was later discovered in Ibrahim's letters that he was perfectly aware of the situation but nevertheless decided to stay true to Suleiman.
* In the internationally popular Turkish television series '']'', Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha is portrayed by actor ].

* He appears as a unique Ottoman governor in the video game '']'' in the ].
Suleiman later greatly regretted Ibrahim's execution and his character changed dramatically, to the point where he became completely secluded from the daily work of governing. His regrets are reflected in his poems, in which even after twenty years he continually stresses topics of amity and trust between friends, and often hints on character traits similar to Ibrahim's.


==See also== ==See also==
* ], formerly Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha's palace
* ] * ]
* ]

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}


==References== ==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist}} {{reflist}}


===Other sources=== ==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
*Fictional accounts of Ibrahim Pasha include ]'s ''Harem Secrets''(2008, Trafford, ISBN 978-1-4251-5750-0) and ]'s '']'' (1949).
* Jenkins, Hester Donaldson. ''Ibrahim Pasha: grand vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent'' (1911)
* {{Cite book |last=Şahin |first=Kaya |title=Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-107-03442-6}}
*{{cite journal |last=Turan |first=Ebru |title=The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire |journal=Turcica |volume=41 |date=2009 |pages=3–36|doi=10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287 }}
{{refend}}


{{s-start}} {{s-start}}
{{s-gov}} {{s-off}}
{{succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years=27 June 1523-14 March 1536}} {{succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years=27 June 1523 – 14 March 1536}}
{{succession box|title=]|before=]|after=]|years=1525}}
{{s-end}} {{s-end}}

{{Grand Viziers of_Ottoman Empire}} {{Grand Viziers of_Ottoman Empire}}


{{Authority control}}
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see ]. -->

| NAME = Pargali Ibrahim Pasha
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ibrahim, Pargali}}
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
]
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1493
| PLACE OF BIRTH = ], ]
| DATE OF DEATH = 1536
| PLACE OF DEATH = ], ]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Pargali Ibrahim Pasha}}
]
]
]
]
] ]
]
]
]
] ]
] ]
]
] ]
]
] ]
]
] ]
] ]
]

]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]
]

Latest revision as of 13:53, 2 December 2024

Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire from 1523 to 1536 For the later (1604) governor of Egypt, also named Ibrahim Pasha and also known by the epithet Maktul ("the Slain"), see Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha. For other people, see Ibrahim Pasha (disambiguation).

IbrahimPasha
Engraving of Ibrahim Pasha
28th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
In office
27 June 1523 – 5 March 1536
MonarchSuleiman I
Preceded byPiri Mehmed Pasha
Succeeded byAyas Mehmed Pasha
Ottoman Governor of Egypt
In office
1525–1525
MonarchSuleiman I
Preceded byGüzelce Kasım Pasha
Succeeded byGüzelce Kasım Pasha
Personal details
Bornc. 1495
Parga, Republic of Venice
Died5 March 1536(1536-03-05) (aged 40–41)
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
NationalityOttoman
SpouseMuhsine Hatun
ChildrenMehmed Şah Bey

Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (c. 1495–5 March 1536), was the first Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire appointed by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.

Ibrahim, born as Orthodox Christian, was enslaved during his youth. He and Suleiman became close friends in their youth. In 1523, Suleiman appointed Ibrahim as grand vizier to replace Piri Mehmed Pasha, who had been appointed in 1518 by Suleiman's father, the preceding Sultan Selim I. Ibrahim remained in office for the next 13 years. He attained a level of authority and influence rivaled by only a handful of other grand viziers of the Empire, but in 1536, he was executed on Suleiman's orders and his property (much of which was gifted to him by the Sultan) was confiscated by the state.

Biography

Origin

Ibrahim was born to Orthodox Christian parents in Parga, Epirus, then part of the Republic of Venice. His ethnicity is unknown, but he probably originally spoke a Slavic dialect and also knew Greek and Albanian. His father was either a sailor or a fisherman. Some time between 1499 and 1502 he was captured in a raid by Iskender Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Bosnia, becoming a slave. He first met Prince Suleiman while residing at Iskender Pasha's estate near Edirne, most likely in 1514. It was then that he was taken into Suleiman's service.

Political career

After his rival Hain Ahmed Pasha, the governor of Egypt, declared himself independent of the Ottoman Empire and was executed in 1524, Ibrahim Pasha traveled south to Egypt in 1525 and reformed the Egyptian provincial civil and military administration system. He promulgated an edict, the Kanunname, outlining his system.

In a lavish ceremony in 1523, Ibrahim Pasha was married to Muhsine Hatun, the granddaughter of the same Iskender Pasha who had captured him more than two decades previously. This marriage appears to have been politically motivated as a method of integrating Ibrahim, an outsider, into the Ottoman elite. While Muhsine was initially skeptical about her new husband, they eventually formed a loving relationship. Although historians once believed that the woman Ibrahim married was Hatice Sultan, the sister of Sultan Suleiman, this had been based on scanty evidence and conjecture. As a result of research carried out by the historian Ebru Turan, including the discovery of multiple references to Muhsine in Venetian and Ottoman texts as well as a signed letter from her to Ibrahim, it is now accepted that Ibrahim's wife was Muhsine and not Hatice. They had at least one child, a son named Mehmed Şah Bey (dead in 1539).

Ibrahim Pasha Palace in Sultanahmet, Fatih, now the Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum.

His palace, which still stands on the west side of the Hippodrome in Istanbul, has been converted into the modern-day Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum.

Draft of the 1536 Treaty negotiated between French ambassador Jean de La Forêt and Ibrahim Pasha, a few days before his execution, expanding to the whole Ottoman Empire the privileges received by France in Egypt from the Mamluks before 1518.

On the diplomatic front, Ibrahim's work with Western Christendom was a complete success. Portraying himself as "the real power behind the Ottoman Empire", Ibrahim used a variety of tactics to negotiate favorable deals with the leaders of the Catholic powers. The Venetian diplomats even referred to him as "Ibrahim the Magnificent", a play on Suleiman's usual sobriquet. In 1533, he convinced Charles V to turn Hungary into an Ottoman vassal state. In 1535, he completed a monumental agreement with Francis I that gave France favorable trade rights within the Ottoman Empire in exchange for joint action against the Habsburgs. This agreement would set the stage for joint Franco-Ottoman naval maneuvers, including the basing of the Ottoman fleet in southern France (in Toulon) during the winter of 1543–1544.

Although Ibrahim Pasha had long since converted to Islam, he maintained some ties to his roots, even bringing his parents to live with him in the Ottoman capital, where they also converted to Islam. His father took the name Yusuf and joined the Ottoman elite, becoming a governor in Epirus.

As he attained increasing wealth and power, he also attained enemies; such as the famous Hürrem. After a dinner with the Sultan on 5 March 1536, Ibrahim Pasha went to bed. Upon arrival to his room, he was seized, and killed. Thus, Hürrem became the chief political advisor to her husband, the Sultan.

In popular media

See also

Notes

  1. also known as Frenk Ibrahim Pasha ("the Westerner"), Makbul Ibrahim Pasha ("the Favorite"), which later changed to Maktul Ibrahim Pasha ("the Executed") after his execution in the Topkapı Palace.

References

  1. ^ Turan, Ebru (2009). "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire". Turcica. 41: 3–36. doi:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287.
    • Şahin, Kaya (2013). Empire and Power in the reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-107-03442-6.
    • Peirce, Leslie (2017). Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire. Basic Books. p. 157. Muhsine, granddaughter of an illustrious statesman, is now largely accepted as Ibrahim's wife.
  2. Turan, Ebru (2009). "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire". Turcica. 41: 5–6. doi:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287. Originally, he probably spoke a Slavic dialect; sources mention that during the peace negotiations with the Habsburgs in 1533 he conversed in his mother tongue with Ferdinand I's representative Jerome of Zara, who was a Croatian... Venetian sources indicate that the pasha could also speak Greek and Albanian.
  3. Turan, Ebru (2009). "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire". Turcica. 41: 6–9. doi:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287.
  4. Raymond, André (2001). Cairo: City of History. Translated by Willard Wood (Harvard ed.). Cairo, Egypt; New York: American University in Cairo Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-977-424-660-9.
  5. Holt, P. M.; Gray, Richard (1975). Fage, J.D.; Oliver, Roland (eds.). "Egypt, the Funj and Darfur". The Cambridge History of Africa. IV. London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press: 14–57. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521204132.003. ISBN 9781139054584.
  6. Jenkins, H. D. (1970). Chapter 5L Ibrahim's Fall. In Ibrahim Pasha: Grand Vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent, 38-39. Essay, AMS Press.
  7. Turan, Ebru (2009). "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire". Turcica. 41: 6. doi:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287.
  8. Roger Bigelow Merriman, Suleiman the Magnificent 1520-1566 (1944) pp 184–185.
  9. Jenkins (1911), 109-125.

Bibliography

  • Jenkins, Hester Donaldson. Ibrahim Pasha: grand vizir of Suleiman the Magnificent (1911) online
  • Şahin, Kaya (2013). Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-03442-6.
  • Turan, Ebru (2009). "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire". Turcica. 41: 3–36. doi:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287. pnline
Political offices
Preceded byPiri Mehmed Pasha Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire
27 June 1523 – 14 March 1536 		Succeeded byAyas Mehmed Pasha
Preceded byGüzelce Kasım Pasha Ottoman Governor of Egypt
1525 		Succeeded byGüzelce Kasım Pasha
Arms of the Ottoman Empire Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Rise (1299–1453)
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Classical Age (1453–1550)
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Transformation (1550–1700)
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Old Regime (1700–1789)
Coat of arms of the Ottoman Empire
Grand Viziers of the Ottoman Empire – Decline and Modernization (1789–1922)
Categories: