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{{Short description|Theme in Ancient Greek literature}}
{{For|the genus of moth|Aidos (moth)}} {{For|the genus of moth|Aidos (moth)}}
{{Infobox deity {{Infobox deity
| type = Greek | type = Greek
| name = Aidos | name = Aidos
| deity_of = Goddess of shame, modesty, respect, and humility. | deity_of = Goddess of shame, modesty, respect, and humility.
| member_of = | member_of =
| image = Villa dei Misteri VII - 2.jpg | image = Villa dei Misteri VII - 2.jpg
| alt = | alt =
| caption = | caption =
| other_names = | other_names =
| hiro = | hiro =
| affiliation = | affiliation =
| cult_center = | cult_center =
| weapon = | weapon =
| battles = | battles =
| artifacts = | artifacts =
| animals = | animals =
| symbol = | symbol =
| height = | height =
| age =
| age = | tree =
| tree = | day =
| day = | color =
| color = | number =
| number = | consort =
| parents = Eusebia (mother){{citation needed|date=January 2024}}
| consort =
| siblings =
| parents = ] (mother)
| siblings = | offspring =
| offspring = | predecessor =
| predecessor = | successor =
| successor = | army =
| army = | mount =
| mount = | texts =
| Roman_equivalent = ]{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}
| texts =
⚫ | Etruscan_equivalent =
| Roman_equivalent = Pudicitia
⚫ | region =
⚫ | Etruscan_equivalent =
⚫ | region =
| ethnic_group = | ethnic_group =
| festivals = | festivals =
}} }}
'''Aidos''' (]: {{lang|grc|]}}, {{IPA-el|ai̯dɔ̌ːs|pron}}) was the ] ] of ], ], ], and ]. Aidos, as a quality, was that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong. It also encompassed the emotion that a rich person might feel in the presence of the impoverished, that their disparity of wealth, whether a matter of luck or merit, was ultimately undeserved. Ancient and Christian humility share common themes: they both reject egotism, self-centeredness, arrogance, and excessive pride; they also recognize human limitations. Aristotle defined it as a middle ground between vanity and cowardice. '''Aidos''' or '''Aedos''' ({{IPAc-en|'|iː|d|ɒ|s}};<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dictionary-of-classical-mythology/page/14/mode/2up |page=14 |title=Dictionary of Classical Mythology |first=J. E. |last=Zimmerman |publisher=Harper & Row |location=New York |year=1964}}</ref> ]: {{lang|grc|]}}, {{IPA-el|ai̯dɔ̌ːs|pron}}) was the ] ] of ], ], ], and ].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Bell|first=Robert E.|title=Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=1991|isbn=9780874365818|pages=6}}</ref> Aidos, as a quality, was that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong. It also encompassed the emotion that a rich person might feel in the presence of the impoverished, that their disparity of wealth, whether a matter of luck or merit, was ultimately undeserved. Ancient and Christian humility share common themes: they both reject egotism, self-centeredness, arrogance, and excessive pride; they also recognize human limitations. ] defined it as a middle ground between vanity and cowardice.{{citation needed|date=October 2021}} {{Greek deities (personifications)}}

"As we become more accomplished in something, we tend to take pride in our advances and see our growing mastery, particularly when accompanied by the pleasure or approval of others, as a spur to further improvements. A pianist likes to show off her skill in playing a Beethoven sonata; an apprentice cabinetmaker feels quiet satisfaction in the work of his hands; a dancer delights in knowing the pleasure her movements bring to another. But humility is, by definition, a virtue that systematically denies us these satisfactions. It is the virtue in which we should never take pride, whether that pride is generated entirely by ourselves or fed by the approval of others."<ref name="HumilityViceorVirtue">{{cite web |last1=McClay | |first1=Wilfred M. |title=Humility: Vice or Virtue |url=http://incharacter.org/observation/humility-vice-or-virtue/ |website=InCharacter.org |accessdate=6 May 2019}}</ref></blockquote>

The problem of humility is in the self-satisfaction of providing ourselves with credit for any improvement or accomplishment with which we gain, may have provided to others too, when pursuing the virtue of humility we are likely to recognize improvements, that is the result of becoming more humble. Humility is resistant to self-evaluation and self-appreciation, undertaking either is like undoing whole effort.<ref name="HumilityViceorVirtue" />


== Mythology == == Mythology ==
She was the last ] to leave the ] after the ]. She was a close companion of the goddess of vengeance ].<ref>], ''Works and Days'', 170 ff</ref> One source calls her daughter of ].<ref>], Olympian Ode 7. 44 ff</ref> Mythologically, she is often considered to be more of a ] than a physical deity. She was the last ] to leave the ] after the ]. She was a close companion of the goddess of vengeance ].<ref>], ''Works and Days'' 170 ff.</ref> One source calls her daughter of ].<ref>], ''Olympian Ode'' 7.44 ff.</ref> Mythologically, she is often considered to be more of a ] than a physical deity.


There are references to her in various early ], such as '']'' by ], '']'' by ], and '']'' by ]. There are references to her in various early ], such as '']'' by ], '']'' by ], and '']'' by ].


There were altars to Aidos in ]<ref>], ''Graeciae Descriptio'' .</ref> and in ].<ref>Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio'' .</ref> ], a Spartan king, tried to persuade his daughter ] to stay in Sparta after her marriage to ]. When Odysseus made Penelope choose between her father and her husband, she modestly covered her face with a veil, signaling her decision to leave with Odysseus. Understanding her choice, Icarius let them go and commemorated the moment by erecting a statue of Aidos at the spot. <ref>Pausanias, 3.20.10-11</ref>
There were altars to Aidos in ]<ref>], ''Description of Greece'', 1. 17. 1</ref> and in ].<ref>], ''Description of Greece'', 3. 20. 10–11</ref>


Some sources mention '''Aeschyne''' (]: {{lang|grc|Αἰσχύνη}}) as a personification of shame and reverence;<ref>], '']'' 409 ff</ref><ref>], ''Fables'' 528</ref> this figure appears to be equivalent to Aidos. Some sources mention '''Aeschyne''' (]: {{lang|grc|Αἰσχύνη}}) as a personification of shame and reverence.<ref>], '']'' 409 ff.; ], ''Fables'' 528</ref>

==Notes==

⚫ {{reflist}}
==Bibliography==
⚫ * Douglas L. Cairns, ''Aidos: The Psychology and Ethics of Honour and Shame in Ancient Greek Literature'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992.


==See also== ==See also==


{{wiktionary|Aidos}}]: Goddess of ], ], ], and ]. {{wiktionary|Aidos}}
* ]: Goddess of ], ], ], and ].
* ]: God of ]. * ]: God of ].
* ]: Goddess of ] and ]. * ]: Goddess of ] and ].


==References== ==Notes==


⚫ {{reflist}}
⚫ * '']'' by ]


== References ==
* ], translated in two volumes. 1. ''Seven Against Thebes'' by Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1926. .
*Bell, Robert E., ''Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary''. ]. 1991. {{ISBN|9780874365818|0874365813}}.
⚫ *Douglas L. Cairns, ''Aidos: The Psychology and Ethics of Honour and Shame in Ancient Greek Literature'', Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1992.
*], ''Works and Days'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. .
⚫ *'']'' by ]
*], ''Description of Greece'' with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. {{ISBN|0-674-99328-4}}.
*Pausanias, ''Graeciae Descriptio.'' ''3 vols''. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. .
*], ''Odes'' translated by Diane Arnson Svarlien. 1990.
*Pindar, ''The Odes of Pindar'' including the Principal Fragments with an Introduction and an English Translation by Sir John Sandys, Litt.D., FBA. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1937. .
{{Greek mythology (deities)}} {{Greek mythology (deities)}}


] ]
] ]
]

Latest revision as of 21:59, 2 December 2024

Theme in Ancient Greek literature For the genus of moth, see Aidos (moth).
Aidos
Goddess of shame, modesty, respect, and humility.
ParentsEusebia (mother)
Equivalents
RomanPudicitia

Aidos or Aedos (/ˈiːdɒs/; Greek: Αἰδώς, pronounced [ai̯dɔ̌ːs]) was the Greek goddess of shame, modesty, respect, and humility. Aidos, as a quality, was that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong. It also encompassed the emotion that a rich person might feel in the presence of the impoverished, that their disparity of wealth, whether a matter of luck or merit, was ultimately undeserved. Ancient and Christian humility share common themes: they both reject egotism, self-centeredness, arrogance, and excessive pride; they also recognize human limitations. Aristotle defined it as a middle ground between vanity and cowardice.

Greek deities
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Mythology

She was the last goddess to leave the earth after the Golden Age. She was a close companion of the goddess of vengeance Nemesis. One source calls her daughter of Prometheus. Mythologically, she is often considered to be more of a personification than a physical deity.

There are references to her in various early Greek plays, such as Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus, Iphigenia at Aulis by Euripides, and Oedipus Rex by Sophocles.

There were altars to Aidos in Athens and in Sparta. Icarius, a Spartan king, tried to persuade his daughter Penelope to stay in Sparta after her marriage to Odysseus. When Odysseus made Penelope choose between her father and her husband, she modestly covered her face with a veil, signaling her decision to leave with Odysseus. Understanding her choice, Icarius let them go and commemorated the moment by erecting a statue of Aidos at the spot.

Some sources mention Aeschyne (Ancient Greek: Αἰσχύνη) as a personification of shame and reverence.

See also

Notes

  1. Zimmerman, J. E. (1964). Dictionary of Classical Mythology. New York: Harper & Row. p. 14.
  2. Bell, Robert E. (1991). Women of Classical Mythology: A Biographical Dictionary. ABC-CLIO. p. 6. ISBN 9780874365818.
  3. Hesiod, Works and Days 170 ff.
  4. Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.44 ff.
  5. Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 1.17.1.
  6. Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio 3.20.10–11.
  7. Pausanias, 3.20.10-11
  8. Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 409 ff.; Aesop, Fables 528

References

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