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Jamshid Sharmahd
جمشید شارمهد
Sharmahd in 2019
Born	(1955-03-23)23 March 1955 Tehran, Iran
Died	28 October 2024(2024-10-28) (aged 69) Tehran, Iran
Cause of death	Execution
Citizenship	Germany
Education	Software engineering, information technology
Occupations	Journalist software engineer

Jamshid Sharmahd (Persian: جمشید شارمهد; 23 March 1955 – 28 October 2024) was a U.S.-based German-Iranian software engineer. A permanent resident of the United States from 2003, Sharmahd had been targeted by the Iranian government for his connections to Tondar, an Iranian monarchist group engaging in violent attacks. He was abducted by Iranian agents in a forced disappearance in 2020. In a 2023 trial condemned by Amnesty International, Germany, the United States, and the European Council, Sharmahd was sentenced to death. He was held in solitary confinement until his execution on 28 October 2024.

Biography

Jamshid Sharmahd was born in Tehran, Iran, on 23 March 1955. When he was seven years old, he moved with his father to Hanover, West Germany, where he grew up in a German-Iranian household. He was Zoroastrian. He studied to become an electrician, and in 1980 briefly returned to Iran where he got married. In 1983, he returned to West Germany with his wife and daughter. He became a naturalized German citizen in 1995.

Sharmahd established his own software company and in 2003 moved to the United States, where he became a permanent resident (green card holder). After moving to the U.S., Sharmahd resided in the Los Angeles area, living in Glendora, California. Sharmahd had Parkinson's disease.

According to Sharmahd's daughter, Sharmahd provided technical support and website design services for Tondar ("Thunder"), a news platform and monarchist opposition movement. Among the array of Iranian opposition groups, Tondar is considered obscure. The Iranian government accuses Tondar of being a terrorist organization, which the group's members deny. Sharmahd's daughter said that he had become more involved in the group's web publishing and broadcasting in 2007, after group leader Frood Fouladvand was kidnapped in Turkey. Sharmahd helped operate Tondar's Los Angeles-based television and radio programming, including a satellite radio station accessible in Iran. Although his work was intended to be uncredited, a technical error led to the exposure of Sharmahd's name on the public platform. After he was kidnapped in 2020, the Iranian government asserted that Sharmahd ran Tondar, part of the Kingdom Assembly of Iran.

Members of the group in California feared reprisal from Iranian agents, and Tondar's former office in Los Angeles was twice burglarized. Sharmahd was targeted by the Iranian government. Mohammad Reza Sadeghnia was arrested in July 2009 near the Los Angeles airport and pleaded guilty in Los Angeles Superior Court to attempting to hire a hit man to kill Sharmahd, but in 2010 skipped his court date and fled to Iran. Sadeghnia's lawyer denied that his client was an Iranian agent, and said that the prosecution stemmed from his client's drunken comments that he could not have carried out.

Kidnapping in Dubai

In late July 2020, secret agents from Iran's Ministry of Intelligence abducted Sharmahd and took him to Iran. Sharmahd had been in Dubai, where he had been awaiting a connecting flight to India, when he was kidnapped. His last message to his family was received on 28 July 2020. Cell phone tracking data showed movements south from Dubai to Al Ain the next day, and then to Sohar, Oman, on 30 July, when tracking ended. The Iranian Intelligence Ministry said it had seized Sharmahd in a "complex operation" but provided no details.

The Iranian government alleged that Sharmahd was responsible for a 2008 attack on a mosque in Shiraz that killed 14 people and injured 200; it also claimed that in 2017 he had revealed "classified information" on Revolutionary Guard missile sites. The Working Group on Arbitrary Detention stated that "Mr. Sharmahd is being deprived of his liberty as a result of exercising the right to freedom of opinion and expression." Sharmahd denied all charges, and his family campaigned for his release. Sharmahd's abduction was one of a series of kidnapping plots orchestrated by the Iranian government against dissidents, as part of its campaign of transnational repression. Sharmahd's abduction was compared to the previous case of Ruhollah Zam, an exiled journalist who was lured back to Iran and executed in 2020.

Imprisonment and execution in Iran

In February 2023, Sharmahd was sentenced to death by a Revolutionary Court in Tehran on charges of "corruption on earth by planning and directing terrorist attacks." The Iranian Supreme Court upheld the death sentence on 26 April 2023. Amnesty International condemned the trial as grossly unfair, reporting that Iranian authorities had tortured Sharmahd while he was in detention, held him in solitary confinement for extended periods, and denied him access to his Parkinson's disease medications and other treatments. The trial was overseen by Abolghasem Salavati, a judge loyal to the Iranian regime who presided over other prosecutions of dissidents.

The German and U.S. governments also condemned the trial as a sham, with German Minister for Foreign Affairs Annalena Baerbock saying Sharmahd "never had even the semblance of a fair trial." Sharmahd was repeatedly denied German consular assistance and access to trials. In response to the sentence, Germany expelled two Iranian diplomats.

In 2022, the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention (WGAD) released a 13-page document confirming Sharmahd's arrest, forced disappearance, human rights violations, and torture. The WGAD concluded that Sharmahd's detention was arbitrary and called for his "immediate unconditional release." In January 2023, Friedrich Merz, the chairman of the CDU/CSU parliamentary group, took over the political sponsorship for Sharmahd. Merz attempted to travel to Iran to verify the health of Sharmahd, but Iranian authorities denied him a visa. Merz repeatedly demanded Sharmahd's release and called for the German government "to significantly step up its efforts to release Jamshid Sharmahd." In April 2023, the European Council publicly condemned the death sentence of Sharmahd.

Sharmahd was executed in Tehran on 28 October 2024, at the age of 69. Iranian state media announced his execution. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz condemned the execution and called it "a scandal." Baerbock, the German foreign minister, condemned "the murder of Jamshid Sharmahd by the Iranian regime in the strongest possible terms." Sharmahd's daughter criticized the U.S. and German governments, contending that they had failed to do enough to secure Sharmahd's release. She called for the return of Sharmahd's body for burial in accordance with Zoroastrian burial rites. Masih Alinejad, an Iranian American activist who was reportedly the target of an Iranian assassination attempt foiled by U.S. authorities, said in response to the execution, "The Islamic Republic understands no language of peace or diplomacy. Their language is that of hostage-taking, execution, assassination and murder." Iran Human Rights, an Oslo-based NGO, tallied Sharmahd's killing as one of at least 166 executions carried out in Iran in October 2024.

On 5 November 2024, a spokesman for the Iranian judiciary asserted that Sharmahd died before he could be executed, contradicting the Iranian government's earlier statements. The official gave no details. The German Foreign Ministry, in response, stated: "His death was confirmed to us by the Iranian side. Jamshid Sharmahd was abducted by Iran and held for years without a fair trial, in inhumane conditions and without the necessary medical care. Iran is responsible for his death."

Diplomatic fallout

Sharmahd's abduction and execution worsened Germany–Iran relations. The day after he was put to death, Germany summoned Iran's charge d'affaires to register a formal diplomatic protest. The German ambassador to Iran, Markus Potzel, also submitted a protest to the Iranian authorities and was recalled to Berlin. The German Foreign Minister also ordered the closure of all three Iranian consulates in Germany (in Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Munich), leaving only the Iranian embassy in Berlin. As part of the closure of Iranian consulates general in Germany, 32 Iranian diplomats were stripped of their residence permits.

Josep Borrell, the European Union's High Representative for Foreign Affairs, called Sharmahd's execution "appalling" and said it was "seriously harming" EU–Iran relations. Borrell noted that the EU had imposed new sanctions against Iran shortly before Sharmahd was killed, and would consider additional "targeted and significant measures" against Iran, including adding its Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to the EU's list of terrorist groups.

See also

• Extraordinary rendition
• List of foreign nationals detained in Iran

References

1. ^ O'Callaghan, Laura (18 January 2023). "Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us'". The National News.
2. "Iranian Rapper Toomaj Salehi Sentenced to Death for Songs Critical of Government". Rolling Stone (in German). 26 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
3. https://jamestown.org/brief/iranian-monarchist-group-claims-responsibility-for-shiraz-mosque-attack/
4. ^ "Iran executes German-Iranian Jamshid Sharmahd". DW. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
5. ^ "Jamshid Sharmahd ist Opfer eines manipulativen Schauprozesses" [Jamshid Sharmahd is the victim of a manipulative show trial]. International Society for Human Rights (in German). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
6. "'We have to speak up': Son of kidnapped dissident calls for Iran to free his father". The Independent. 16 July 2021. Retrieved 2 November 2024.
7. "Save_Sharmahd". Mideast Freedom Forum Berlin (in German). Retrieved 29 October 2024.
8. Steinmetz, Juergen T. (4 August 2020). "German Citizen from Glendora, California abducted by Iran Ministry in Dubai". eTurboNews.
9. ^ Weinthal, Benjamin (25 July 2022). "'Death sentence certain' for German-Iranian journalist". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
10. O'Callaghan, Laura (18 January 2023). "Fears for German man on death row in Iran as his US family say 'Biden is failing us'". The National News. Retrieved 1 July 2023.
11. ^ Gambrell, Jon (28 October 2024). "Iranian-German prisoner Jamshid Sharmahd, who lived in US, executed in Iran over terror conviction". AP News. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
12. ^ Somerville, Hannah (19 November 2021). "One Year After Abduction, Jamshid Sharmahd's Family Vows to Fight On". IranWire. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
13. ^ Audi, Tamara (10 May 2010). "U.S.-Iran Feud Hits L.A." The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
14. "Iran Says It Detained Leader of California-Based Exile Group". The New York Times. The Associated Press. 1 August 2020.
15. ^ Man Who Targeted Iran Critics Skips LA Court Date, Associated Press via KCAL (3 December 2010).
16. Halpern, Sam (22 February 2023). "Kidnapped German-Iranian journalist Jamshid Sharmahd to be executed". Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
17. ^ Geir Moulson, All 3 Iranian Consulates in Germany ordered shut after execution of Iranian German prisoner, Associated Press (21 October 2024.
18. ^ Vahdat, Amir and Gambrell, Jon (2 August 2020). "Iran says it detains leader of California-based exile group". Associated Press. Retrieved 28 October 2024.
19. "California man faces execution in Iran for being a journalist" (PDF). Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 31 August 2022.
20. ^ "Abducted Californian Jamshid Sharmahd Denies Charges in Final Court Hearing in Iran". IranWire. 26 July 2022.
21. Gambrell, Jon (4 August 2020). "Family tells AP: Iran abducted California man while in Dubai". Associated Press News.
22. "Why Iran abducted and hanged Ruhollah Zam". The Economist. 16 December 2020. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
23. Azizi, Arash (12 January 2021). "Opinion: Why Is Iran Kidnapping and Executing Dissidents?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
24. ^ Gritten, David (21 February 2022). "Iran sentences German-Iranian dissident to death". BBC News. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
25. "Tortured German-Iranian sentenced to death: Jamshid Sharmahd". Amnesty International. 3 April 2023. Retrieved 3 April 2023.
26. ^ "Iran: Statement by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on the confirmation of the death sentence against Jamshid Sharmahd by Iranian court". European Council. 23 April 2023.
27. ^ "Germany Expels Iranian Diplomats in Response to Death Sentence for German Citizen". Voice of America News. 22 February 2023. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
28. Gritten, David (22 February 2023). "Germany expels 2 Iranian diplomats over death sentence". Associated Press News. Retrieved 22 February 2023.
29. ^ "Opinions adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention at its ninety-third session 30 March–8 April 2022" (PDF). Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. 31 August 2022.
30. "Friedrich Merz übernimmt politische Patenschaft für den inhaftierten Deutsch-Iraner Jamshid Sharmahd". CDU/CSU. 9 January 2023.
31. "Friedrich Merz fordert Freilassung von Jamshid Sharmahd aus iranischer Haft". RND. 18 July 2023.
32. Iran executes Iranian-German national after terrorism conviction, state media says, Reuters (October 28, 2024).
33. "Iran executes German-Iranian Jamshid Sharmahd". Deutsche Welle. 28 October 2024.
34. Gambrell, Jon (28 October 2024). "Iranian-German prisoner Jamshid Sharmahd, who lived in US, executed in Iran over terror conviction". AP News. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
35. ^ Jon Gambrell, An Iran official claims Iranian-German prisoner died before he could be executed, Associated Press (November 5, 2024).
36. ^ Tehran says German-Iranian died before execution, Deutsche Welle (November 5, 2024).
37. "Hinrichtung von Jamshid Sharmahd – Bundesregierung schließt alle iranischen Generalkonsulate". Der Spiegel (in German). 31 October 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.

External links

• YouTube Channel, Jimmy Sharmahd

v t e List of foreign nationals detained in Iran
United States	Citizens Saeed Abedini Shane Bauer Haleh Esfandiari Joshua Fattal Gerald F. Seib Amir Hekmati Moorhead C. Kennedy Jr. Nosratollah Khosravi-Roodsari Bruce Laingen Robert Levinson John Limbert Esha Momeni Baquer Namazi Siamak Namazi Jon Pattis Richard Queen David Rabhan Jason Rezaian Barry Rosen Roxana Saberi Ali Shakeri Emad Shargi Sarah Shourd Morad Tahbaz Kian Tajbakhsh Victor L. Tomseth Matthew Trevithick Karan Vafadari Xiyue Wang Michael White Residents Afarin Neyssari Afshin Sheikholeslami Vatani
Canada	Citizens Maziar Bahari Hossein Derakhshan Abdolrasoul Dorri-Esfahani Hamid Ghassemi-Shall Homa Hoodfar Zahra Kazemi Ramin Jahanbegloo Kavous Seyed-Emami Residents Saeed Malekpour
United Kingdom	Citizens Kameel Ahmady Anoosheh Ashoori Iason Athanasiadis Roger Cooper Abbas Edalat Kamal Foroughi Ghoncheh Ghavami Roya Saberi Negad Nobakht Nahid Taghavi Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe Residents Aras Amiri
France	Citizens Louis Arnaud Cécile Kohler Fariba Adelkhah Nazak Afshar Benjamin Brière Roland Marchal Clotilde Reiss Residents Ruhollah Zam
Sweden	Habib Chaab Johan Floderus Ahmad Reza Jalali
Germany	Marcus Hellwig Helmut Hofer Jens Koch Jamshid Sharmahd Nahid Taghavi Helmut Szimkus
Australia	Mark Firkin Jolie King Kylie Moore-Gilbert
Austria	Kamran Ghaderi
Belgium	Olivier Vandecasteele
Netherlands	Zahra Bahrami
Finland	Ana Diamond
Lebanon	Nizar Zakka
New Zealand	Topher Richwhite Bridget Thackwray
Russian	Yulia Yuzik
Category:Foreign nationals detained in Iran

v t e Political prisoners in Iran
Prison
Activists	Habib Afkari Raheleh Ahmadi Maryam Akbari Monfared Zahra Bahrami Emad Bahavar Esmail Bakhshi Mahmudali Chehregani Atena Daemi Golrokh Ebrahimi Iraee Amir Abbas Fakhravar Alireza Farshi Parvaneh Forouhar Ali-Asghar Gharavi Kouhyar Goudarzi Zeynab Jalalian Vida Hajebi Tabrizi Saeed Hajjarian Leila Hosseinzadeh Soheila Hejab Jafar Kazemi Amir Khorram Amir Khosrow Dalirsani Dhabihu'llah Mahrami Mohammad Maleki Azar Mansouri Farideh Mashini Mohsen Mirdamadi Ahmad Moftizadeh Narges Mohammadi Abdollah Momeni Youcef Nadarkhani Shiva Nazar Ahari Keyvan Rafiee Alireza Rajaei Arash Sadeghi Mahan Sadrat Fatemeh Sepehri Kavous Seyed-Emami Reza Shahabi Jamshid Sharmahd Ghasem Sholeh-Saadi Abbas Lisani Ali Shariati Majid Tavakoli Habibollah Peyman Sayed Ziaoddin Nabavi
Actors	Taraneh Alidoosti Hengameh Ghaziani Katayoun Riahi
Artists	Atena Farghadani Amir Emad Mirmirani
Athletes	Voria Ghafouri Ali Akbar Heidari Mohammad Karimi Hossein Mahini Amir Reza Nasr Azadani Navid Afkari
Bloggers	Soheil Arabi Sattar Beheshti
Doctors	Nasser Fahimi Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi Mohammad Ali Taheri
Filmmakers	Keywan Karimi Jafar Panahi Mahnaz Mohammadi Mohammad Nourizad Hossein Rajabian Mohammad Rasoulof
Journalists	Bahman Ahmadi Amouee Mahsa Amrabadi Ahmad Batebi Masoud Bastani Abdolali Bazargan Mohammad Ghouchani Niloofar Hamedi Adnan Hassanpour Zahra Kazemi Masoud Lavasani Saeed Laylaz Elaheh Mohammadi Sam Mahmoudi Said Matinpour Kasra Nouri Siamak Pourzand Hossein Rafiee Taghi Rahmani Roxana Saberi Majid Saeedi Faraj Sarkohi Kianush Sanjari Mohsen Sazegara Mohammad Seddigh Kaboudvand Hengameh Shahidi Mashallah Shamsolvaezin Heshmat Tabarzadi Roya Toloui Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe Ruhollah Zam Ahmad Zeidabadi
Lawyers	Mohammad Ali Dadkhah Saleh Kamrani Nasrin Sotoudeh Shadi Sadr Mohammad Seifzadeh Abdolfattah Soltani
Military	Amir Farshad Ebrahimi Saeed Emami Akbar Ganji Hamid Pourmand
Musicians	Dariush Eghbali Shervin Hajipour Mehdi Rajabian Toomaj Salehi Mehdi Yarrahi
Programmer	Amir Emad Mirmirani
Poets	Baktash Abtin MohammadReza Alee Payam Mona Borzouei Piruz Dilanchi Mehdi Akhavan-Sales Mohammad-Taqi Bahar Keramat Daneshian Arzhang Davoodi Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi Khosrow Golsorkhi Morteza Keyvan Ahmad Shamlou Sedigheh Vasmaghi
Politicians	Mohsen Aminzadeh Morteza Alviri Shahrbanoo Amani Abbas Amir-Entezam Mohsen Armin Mohammad Atrianfar Seyyed Ebrahim Amini Emadeddin Baghi Jila Baniyaghoob Mehdi Bazargan Nasrollah Entezam Iraj Eskandari Hossein Fatemi Dariush Forouhar Sadegh Ghotbzadeh Mehdi Hajati Bahareh Hedayat Faezeh Hashemi Rafsanjani Amir Hossein Heshmat Saran Amir-Abbas Hoveyda Anvar Khamei Mohammad-Reza Khatami Khalil Maleki Mir-Hossein Mousavi Ali-Akbar Mousavi Khoeini Farajollah Mizani Ahmad Moftizadeh Behzad Nabavi Abdollah Nouri Reza Radmanesh Abdollah Ramezanzadeh Gholam Hossein Sadighi Abolghasem Sarhaddizadeh Ali Shakouri-Rad Ali Shariati Mahdi Tajik Mostafa Tajzadeh Mansour Osanlou Ebrahim Yazdi
Scientists	Taqi Arani Ramin Jahanbegloo Omid Kokabee Seyed Hossein Mousavian Ehsan Tabari Kian Tajbakhsh
Writers	Ali Mohammad Afghani Bozorg Alavi Najaf Daryabandari Mahmoud Dowlatabadi Mahmoud Etemadzadeh Ahmad Mahmoud Abbas Milani Shahrokh Meskoob Fariborz Raisdana Ahmad Samii Gilani Brayim Younisi Kourosh Zaim Nasser Zarafshan Sadegh Zibakalam
Category:Political prisoners in Iran

• 1955 births
• 2024 deaths
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• Executed German people
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• Foreign nationals detained in Iran
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• German people imprisoned abroad
• German critics of Islam
• Iranian critics of Islam
• Iranian emigrants to Germany
• Iranian expatriates in the United States
• Iranian monarchists
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• People executed by Iran by hanging
• People with Parkinson's disease
• Political prisoners in Iran
• Iranian Zoroastrians
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• 21st-century German engineers
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