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{{Short description|Sindhi sufi mystic and poet (1739–1827)}} {{Short description|Sindhi sufi mystic and poet (1739–1827)}}
{{Page numbers needed|date=August 2024}}
{{Infobox religious biography {{Infobox religious biography
| honorific_prefix = | honorific_prefix =
| background = lightgreen
| name = Sachal Sarmast<br />{{Lang|sd|{{Naskh|سچل سرمست}}}}
| native_name = | name = Sachal Sarmast
| native_name = {{Lang|sd|{{Naskh|سچل سرمست}}}}
| image = Hazrat Sachal Sarmast.JPG | image = Hazrat Sachal Sarmast.JPG
| image_size = | image_size =
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| caption = | caption =
| other_names = Sacho Sarmast, Shah Daraz, Ishq jo Otar, Sultan ul-Arifeen | other_names = Sacho Sarmast, Shah Daraz, Ishq jo Otar, Sultan ul-Arifeen
| order = ] | order = Shah Darazi (] of ])
| religion = ]<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>
| religion = ]
| denomination = ]<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>
| philosophy = ]
| initiator = Khwaja Abdul Haq Farooqui<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n149/mode/2up}}</ref>
| initiation = into Shah Darazi Tariqa (]-] offshoot)
| teacher = Khwaja Abdul Haq Farooqui<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n149/mode/2up}}</ref>
| lineage = ]<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n149/mode/2up}}</ref>
| father = Khwaja Salahuddin Farooqui<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n149/mode/2up}}</ref>
| disciples = Fakir Nanik Yousuf, Muhammad Saleh Qadri, Muhammad Salah Jeho, Guhram Jatoi, ]<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n149/mode/2up}}</ref>
| disciple_of = Khwaja Abdul Haq Farooqui
| pen_name = Sachal
| birth_name = Abdul Wahab Farooqi | birth_name = Abdul Wahab Farooqi
| birth_date = {{circa|1739}} ] | birth_date = {{circa|1739}} ]
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| death_date = {{death date and age|1825|1739}} | death_date = {{death date and age|1825|1739}}
| death_place = ], ] (present-day ], ]) | death_place = ], ] (present-day ], ])
| module = {{infobox philosopher | flourished = ]
| works = "Sachal jo Kalam, Diwan-i-Ashkar, Masnavi-Namas, Diwan-i-Khudai, Nukta-i-Tasawwuf"<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/}}</ref>
| embed = yes
| influences = {{flatlist|
| school_tradition = ] ]
* ]
| main_interests = ]
* ]
| notable_ideas = ], ], and ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
}} }}
| influenced = {{flatlist|
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]
* ]}}
}} }}
'''Sachal Sarmast''' or '''Sacho Sarmast''' ({{lang-sd|{{Naskh|سچو سرمست}}}}; {{circa|1739}} – 1827), was an 18th and 19th century ] ], ] and ] from ] (present-day ], ]), regarded as an important figure in the ]. He is revered throughout ]. '''Sachal Sarmast''' or '''Sacho Sarmast''' ({{langx|sd|{{Naskh|سچو سرمست}}}}; {{circa|1739}} – 1827), was an 18th and 19th century ] ], ] and ] from ] (present-day ], ]), regarded as an important figure in the ]. He is revered throughout ].


== Biography == == Biography ==
] ]
Sachal Sarmast wrote poetry in seven languages: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>Aslam Rasoolpuri, Sachal Sarmast, Bazm e Saqafat Publications Multan</ref> He lived during the Kalhoro/] era. He was born in 1152 H (AD 1739) in ], near ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shameen Khan|title=The enchanting beauty of Sachal Sarmasts shrine|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1126793/the-enchanting-beauty-of-sachal-sarmasts-shrine|access-date=16 November 2015|agency=DAWN|date=August 21, 2014}}</ref> He was a ] ] Muslim and contributed a lot to Sindhi Poetry too. His descent is claimed to be from the second Caliph of Sunni Islam, ]. Sachal Sarmast was a descendant of ] and wrote poetry in seven languages: ], ], ], ], ], ] and ].<ref>Aslam Rasoolpuri, Sachal Sarmast, Bazm e Saqafat Publications Multan</ref> He lived during the Kalhoro/] era. He was born in 1152 H (AD 1739) in ], near ].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Shameen Khan|title=The enchanting beauty of Sachal Sarmasts shrine|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1126793/the-enchanting-beauty-of-sachal-sarmasts-shrine|access-date=16 November 2015|agency=DAWN|date=August 21, 2014}}</ref>

He was named Abdul Wahab, after his great grandfather. His truthful nature received him the names Sacho, or Sachal which means, "The truth-speaker." He was also named Sachedino, which means "Gifted by The True One."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n127/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jotwani |first1=Motilal Wadhumal |title=Sufis of Sindh |date=1996 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |isbn=978-81-230-0508-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/sufisofsindh00jotw}}</ref>

He was also called "] ]", because of his memorization of ] and love for his home of Daraza. His famous name of Sachal Sarmast means, "Truth-speaker intoxicated in Allah's love".<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n127/mode/2up}}</ref>

His native home of Shah Daraza was originally a estate for rulers of the state, but later became a prominent Sufi base due to the mysticism of the Farooqui mystics. It was known as "Dar-i-Raaz" or "Gate of Sufi Mysteries."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n127/mode/2up}}</ref>

== Childhood ==
Sachal was six years old during the time his father Khwaja Salahuddin Farooqui died, and his grandfather Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui then took care of him, then his uncle Khwaja Abdul Haq I, who later became his ] and father-in-law began taking care of him. Khwaja Abdul Haq I appointed Hafiz Abdullah, one of his ]s, as Sachal's tutor. He taught him the ] and theology. At the age of 12, he demonstrated a lot of knowledge of theology.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n129/mode/2up}}</ref>
He liked solitude. He liked to be alone often like a ].<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n129/mode/2up}}</ref>

He was around the age of seven when the famous poet and Sufi, ] came to Daraza and prophecised of Sachal unveiling Sufi mysteries when he is older, in the following words:
"This boy shalt take off the lid I have put on the pot."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n129/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jotwani |first1=Motilal Wadhumal |title=Sufis of Sindh |date=1996 |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |isbn=978-81-230-0508-9 |url=https://archive.org/details/sufisofsindh00jotw}}</ref>

== ] of Shah Darazi Tariqa == == ] of Shah Darazi Tariqa ==

===] reaching modern-day custodians of the shrine===


# Hazrat ], # Hazrat ],
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# Hazrat ], # Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ], # Hazrat ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. Amaududdin Ilyas,
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. Ahmed,
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. Nuruddin Kubrai,
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. Muhammad al-Hassan,
# Hazrat Sh. Muhammad, # Hazrat Sh. Muhammad,
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. Yahya Madani,
# Hazrat Sh. ], # Hazrat Sh. Ubaidullah,
# Hazrat Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui, # Hazrat Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui,
# Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq I, # Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq I,
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# Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq II, # Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq II,
# Sakhi Qabool Muhammad IV<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n111/mode/2up}}</ref> # Sakhi Qabool Muhammad IV<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n111/mode/2up}}</ref>

===] reaching Sachal===

# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. Amaududdin Ilyas,
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. ],
# Hazrat Sh. Ahmed,
# Hazrat Sh. Nuruddin Kubrai,
# Hazrat Sh. Muhammad al-Hassan,
# Hazrat Sh. Muhammad,
# Hazrat Sh. Yahya Madani,
# Hazrat Sh. Ubaidullah,
# Hazrat Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui,
# Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq I,
# Hazrat Sachal Sarmast<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n111/mode/2up}}</ref>


== Sachal's appearance and dress == == Sachal's appearance and dress ==
Sachal was of a medium height, and had a enlightened face describable as radiant. He had a broad forehead, misty eyes, long hair, and a soft flowing beard. He did not dye his beard with ] or other colors as was tradition of the era. He did not smile much, and had a apparent tinge of sadness within his eyes as if he suffered for others.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |page=132 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n131/mode/2up}}</ref> He dressed quite simply, he wore a White Pehran (Shirt), with a White Goad (sheet/loincloth) around his waist. He used to wear a green skullcap called a "Kullah" whenever he was outside, he used to wrap a green ] around the cap, which was a gift from his ]. For outside activities, he always wore blue colored trousers. In winter, he used to wear a black woolen blanket. His footwear consisted of a pair of 'Chakiries' (the typical wooden footwear usually worn by saints and ]), but when he took a long stroll in the meadows and mountains, he preferred to walk barefoot.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n133/mode/2up}}</ref> Sachal's height was average, he had a wide forehead with a "enlightened" face. His eyes were dewy and his face always seemed in somberness or grief.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |page=132 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n131/mode/2up}}</ref> He dressed humbly, he wore a White shirt. He also wore blue trousers. He wore a green turban and wore wooden sandals, he would go barefoot on long strolls sometimes.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n133/mode/2up}}</ref>


== Marriage == == Marriage ==
His master and paternal uncle Khwaja Abdul Haq got him married to his daughter, Sachal's cousin who only lived two years and died childless. Sachal did not marry again.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n133/mode/2up}}</ref> Khwaja Abdul Haq I got him married to his daughter, Sachal's cousin who lived two years after the marriage and died childless. He did not marry again after this.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n133/mode/2up}}</ref>

== Prophecy about Sachal ==
Sachal was about seven when ] came to pay his respects to the Patron Master of Darazi Sufi Thought, Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz. When Sachal was introduced to him, having seen him, he might have received some mystic intuition, he forecast, "This God gifted child will one day uncover those divine secrets which I have still kept concealed.". The prediction came true, for in mystical world Sachal was recognized the most outspoken and boldest reveler of the divine secrets related to human soul.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n129/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sufis of Sindh |url=https://archive.org/details/SufisOfSindh/page/n155/mode/2up}}</ref>


== Sufi Thought == == Sufi Thought ==
The second Sufi master of the Faruqis of ] was Khwaja Mian Abdul Haq Farooqui who was the ] and Guide of Sachal Sarmast.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n91/mode/2up}}</ref> Sachal has said about his Murshid Khwaja Abdul Haq in his following lines: The second Sufi master of the Faruqis of ] was Khwaja Mian Abdul Haq Farooqui who was the ] and Guide of Sachal Sarmast.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n91/mode/2up}}</ref> Sachal has said about his Murshid Khwaja Abdul Haq in his following lines:


"If vou wish to be aware of the Divine Secrets, come With a sincere heart to Shah Daraza. Here is the master Abdul Haq who knows all mysteries, and has shown me the path of love and will also reveal it to you."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref> "If vou wish to be aware of the Devine Secrets, come with a sincere heart to Shah Daraza. Here is the ] Abdul Haq who knows all mysteries, and has shown me the path love and will also reveal it to you."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n93/mode/2up}}</ref>


He was a strict man when it came to religion. He adhered to all religious rites and prayers, and he urged others to do the same, he said to others to offer their prayers five times daily in the mosque, to not miss the Friday prayer, to fast in the month of ] and to be pious; as well as to recite the ] or hear it from others.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n135/mode/2up}}</ref>
He was a master of religious literature and observed all religious ritual strictly. Not only did he himself adhere to all kinds of religious codes of conduct, but he also urged others to do the same:


"You! Offer your prayers five times punctually in the mosque. Never miss the Friday prayer and stand in the front line. Fast in the month of Ramadhan and be pious. Recite the Holy Koran yourself, or hear it from others."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n135/mode/2up}}</ref> His whole life was quite simple. He did not hunt animals. He did not take any intoxicants or alcohol, and he believed that the greatest intoxicant was Allah's love which he has described in his poetry as a "Jaam" or "Wine".<ref>{{cite book|title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n131/mode/2up}}</ref>


== Poetry ==
== Orthodox Opposition to Sachal ==
Sachal was a enthusiast of Sufi poetry and music. Hearing Sufi poems would cause him to go into a state of ] and dance, tears would also come from his eyes. The Khwaja of Daraza put 2 men to write down his poetry whenever he went into ] and sang, if they missed anything and asked him to repeat his lines, Sachal would say, "I did not sing; He Himself sang.".<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n133/mode/2up}}</ref>
Religious leaders took serious notice of what he said. First the leaders complained to the Talpur Mir, who said that Sachal was a true saint of God therefore no such complaints were to be brought before him in future. Then the scholars visited Sachal personally and inquired why he spoke as he did. He asked them if he was religiously wrong and what the maximum punishment for it would be. They replied that it would be the death penalty. Sachal agreed. With that consolation they were about to return when Sachal again raised the Slogan of Truth, and the religious leaders attacked him with swords. But it was a matter of the highest wonder that they passed through his body as if it were water. When he came out of the state of Divine Ecstasy and was told that he had again made the most objectionable utterances, he inquired why they had spared his life. They answered that they had done their best to take his life, but their sword had no effect upon his body, he smiled and said, "I was not speaking that I am He, but He Himself asked me to speak." The religious leader, he spoke to, fell at his feet and became his disciple. But even though he had achieved a state of ], through spiritual practices he still had great reverences for religion, and throughout his life, he never caused to create any hurdle in religious process or practice.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n137/mode/2up |title=Study of Mysticism in Darazi School of Sufi Thought |date=2009 }}</ref> He was a firm believer in ].

He expresses the idea of Allah being the ultimate oneness and only in some of his poems such as:
"He is, You are not, Lose your ],
And jump into the Sea of Unity."<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n139/mode/2up}}</ref>

He was a complete lover and devotee of the ] and has condemned those who curse and disassociate from them in his famous poem, "Mahi Yaar di Gharoli". He expresses this in the following lines:

"], ], ],
], pure ]s of the believers,
Of the ], I am a servant."<ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>

"The ] can never be a ],
Nor can he ever become a ],
My feelings to them are pure poison."<ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>

"The one who curses and disassociates (from the companions),
The companions are free of what he accuses them,
I kiss the dirt of the door of the dear companions."<ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>

Sachal talks of his ] silsilah's origin being Pir Ubaidallah Shah Jilani who is also mentioned in their ]:

"Shah Ubaidallah Jilani!
He gave us the honor of spiritual guidance,
I am born of the city of Daraza!"<ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>

Sachal also praises the revered Islamic and Sufi figure, ] who is also the origin of his ]:

"Pir of Pirs, ]!
Upon whose name, chains break!
Perfect Murshid, his name I repeat!"<ref>{{cite book |title=سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو {{!}} سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر |publisher=سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر |url=https://books.sindhsalamat.com/book/925/view |language=sd}}</ref>


== Death == == Death ==
He remained healthy throughout his life because of a regular and simple diet, fasting and the practice of meditation. He used to say that even though he was 105, he had to fly to the real world fifteen years earlier. For the last three days of his life he did not move out of his room. Only the sounds of melodious music and ecstatic dance were heard by the attendant disciples. He always had great love for music and beauty. He left this earthly planet on 14th of Ramdan 1242 A. H., 1825 AD.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n139/mode/2up}}</ref> He was healthy in his life because of a simple diet and fasting. In the last three days of his life he was in his room. Only the sounds of music and dance were heard by attendants. He died on the 14th of Ramadan 1242 A. H., 1825 AD.<ref>{{cite book |title=Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought |date=2009 |url=https://archive.org/details/studyofmysticismindarazischoolofsufithought/page/n139/mode/2up}}</ref>


== Successors == == Successors ==
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== Urs of Sachal == == Urs of Sachal ==
] ]
An annual three-day ], or festival commemorating the death anniversary of Sachal Sarmast is held at ], beginning on the 13th day of ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/243819/197th-urs-of-sachal-sarmast-to-begin-from-ramazan-13th/|title=197th Urs of Sachal Sarmast to begin from Ramazan 13th|date=2018-05-23|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/397502/198th-urs-celebrations-of-sachal-sarmast-get-underway/|title=198th Urs celebrations of Sachal Sarmast get underway|date=2019-05-19|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sindh.gov.pk/dpt/Usharzakaat/sachal.htm|title=AUQAF DEPARTMENT , GOVERNMENT OF SINDH.|website=sindh.gov.pk|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref> including a literary conference and musical concerts based on his poetry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1031136|title=Sachal's Urs begins today|last=Newspaper|first=the|date=2013-07-23|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref> An annual three-day ], or festival commemorating the death anniversary of Sachal Sarmast is held at ], beginning on the 13th day of ],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/243819/197th-urs-of-sachal-sarmast-to-begin-from-ramazan-13th/|title=197th Urs of Sachal Sarmast to begin from Ramazan 13th|date=2018-05-23|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://dailytimes.com.pk/397502/198th-urs-celebrations-of-sachal-sarmast-get-underway/|title=198th Urs celebrations of Sachal Sarmast get underway|date=2019-05-19|website=Daily Times|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sindh.gov.pk/dpt/Usharzakaat/sachal.htm|title=AUQAF DEPARTMENT , GOVERNMENT OF SINDH.|website=sindh.gov.pk|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref> including a literary conference and musical concerts based on his poetry.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/news/1031136|title=Sachal's Urs begins today|date=2013-07-23|website=DAWN.COM|language=en|access-date=2019-05-20}}</ref>

]


==References== ==References==

Latest revision as of 23:28, 3 December 2024

Sindhi sufi mystic and poet (1739–1827)
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Sachal Sarmast
سچل سرمست‎
Title
  • Hazrat Faqir
  • Attar-e-Sindh
  • Mansur-i-Sani
  • Shair-i-Haft-Zuban
Personal life
BornAbdul Wahab Farooqi
c. 1739 CE
Daraza, Kalhora Sindh (present-day Sindh, Pakistan)
Died1825(1825-00-00) (aged 85–86)
Daraza, Talpur Sindh (present-day Sindh, Pakistan)
FlourishedTalpur period
Parent
  • Khwaja Salahuddin Farooqui (father)
Notable work(s)"Sachal jo Kalam, Diwan-i-Ashkar, Masnavi-Namas, Diwan-i-Khudai, Nukta-i-Tasawwuf"
Other namesSacho Sarmast, Shah Daraz, Ishq jo Otar, Sultan ul-Arifeen
Pen nameSachal
Religious life
ReligionIslam
DenominationSunni
OrderShah Darazi (Silsilah of Qadiriyyah)
PhilosophySufism
LineageFarooqui
Initiationinto Shah Darazi Tariqa (Kubrawi-Qadiri offshoot)
by Khwaja Abdul Haq Farooqui
Senior posting
TeacherKhwaja Abdul Haq Farooqui
Disciple ofKhwaja Abdul Haq Farooqui
Disciples
  • Fakir Nanik Yousuf, Muhammad Saleh Qadri, Muhammad Salah Jeho, Guhram Jatoi, Bedil
Influenced by
Influenced

Sachal Sarmast or Sacho Sarmast (Sindhi: سچو سرمست‎; c. 1739 – 1827), was an 18th and 19th century Sindhi Sufi poet, mystic and philosopher from Daraza (present-day Sindh, Pakistan), regarded as an important figure in the Sindhi-language literature. He is revered throughout Pakistan.

Biography

Shrine of Sachal Sarmast

Sachal Sarmast was a descendant of Umar and wrote poetry in seven languages: Sindhi, Siraiki, Persian, Urdu, Balochi, Punjabi and Arabic. He lived during the Kalhoro/Talpur era. He was born in 1152 H (AD 1739) in Daraza, near Ranipur.

He was named Abdul Wahab, after his great grandfather. His truthful nature received him the names Sacho, or Sachal which means, "The truth-speaker." He was also named Sachedino, which means "Gifted by The True One."

He was also called "Hafiz Darazi", because of his memorization of Quran and love for his home of Daraza. His famous name of Sachal Sarmast means, "Truth-speaker intoxicated in Allah's love".

His native home of Shah Daraza was originally a estate for rulers of the state, but later became a prominent Sufi base due to the mysticism of the Farooqui mystics. It was known as "Dar-i-Raaz" or "Gate of Sufi Mysteries."

Childhood

Sachal was six years old during the time his father Khwaja Salahuddin Farooqui died, and his grandfather Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui then took care of him, then his uncle Khwaja Abdul Haq I, who later became his Murshid and father-in-law began taking care of him. Khwaja Abdul Haq I appointed Hafiz Abdullah, one of his Murids, as Sachal's tutor. He taught him the Quran and theology. At the age of 12, he demonstrated a lot of knowledge of theology. He liked solitude. He liked to be alone often like a Dervish.

He was around the age of seven when the famous poet and Sufi, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai came to Daraza and prophecised of Sachal unveiling Sufi mysteries when he is older, in the following words: "This boy shalt take off the lid I have put on the pot."

Silsila of Shah Darazi Tariqa

Silsila reaching modern-day custodians of the shrine

  1. Hazrat Imam Ali,
  2. Hazrat Imam Husayn,
  3. Hazrat Imam Zayn al-Abidin,
  4. Hazrat Imam al-Baqir,
  5. Hazrat Imam Jafar,
  6. Hazrat Imam Musa,
  7. Hazrat Imam Riza,
  8. Hazrat Sh. Ma'ruf Kharki,
  9. Hazrat Sh. Abu Hassan Sari Sakti,
  10. Hazrat Sh. Junaid al-Baghdadi,
  11. Hazrat Sh. Abu Bakr al-Shibli,
  12. Hazrat Sh. Abu Fazal ibn Awahid,
  13. Hazrat Sh. Abu al-Farah Tartussi,
  14. Hazrat Sh. Ali ibn Muhammad Yusuf Hankari,
  15. Hazrat Sh. Abu Saeed Faruqi,
  16. Hazrat Sh. Abdul Qadir al-Jilani,
  17. Hazrat Sh. Abdul Qadir Suhrawardi,
  18. Hazrat Sh. Amaududdin Ilyas,
  19. Hazrat Sh. Najamuddin Kubra,
  20. Hazrat Sh. Majeeduddin Baghdadi,
  21. Hazrat Sh. Ahmed,
  22. Hazrat Sh. Nuruddin Kubrai,
  23. Hazrat Sh. Muhammad al-Hassan,
  24. Hazrat Sh. Muhammad,
  25. Hazrat Sh. Yahya Madani,
  26. Hazrat Sh. Ubaidullah,
  27. Hazrat Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui,
  28. Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq I,
  29. Hazrat Sakhi Qabool Muhammad I,
  30. Hazrat Khwaja Nazar Muhammad,
  31. Hazrat Khwaja Najamuddin,
  32. Hazrat Sakhi Qabool Muhammad II,
  33. Hazrat Khwaja Sahib Dino,
  34. Hazrat Sakhi Qabool Muhammad III,
  35. Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq II,
  36. Sakhi Qabool Muhammad IV

Silsila reaching Sachal

  1. Hazrat Imam Ali,
  2. Hazrat Imam Husayn,
  3. Hazrat Imam Zayn al-Abidin,
  4. Hazrat Imam al-Baqir,
  5. Hazrat Imam Jafar,
  6. Hazrat Imam Musa,
  7. Hazrat Imam Riza,
  8. Hazrat Sh. Ma'ruf Kharki,
  9. Hazrat Sh. Abu Hassan Sari Sakti,
  10. Hazrat Sh. Junaid al-Baghdadi,
  11. Hazrat Sh. Abu Bakr al-Shibli,
  12. Hazrat Sh. Abu Fazal ibn Awahid,
  13. Hazrat Sh. Abu al-Farah Tartussi,
  14. Hazrat Sh. Ali ibn Muhammad Yusuf Hankari,
  15. Hazrat Sh. Abu Saeed Faruqi,
  16. Hazrat Sh. Abdul Qadir al-Jilani,
  17. Hazrat Sh. Abdul Qadir Suhrawardi,
  18. Hazrat Sh. Amaududdin Ilyas,
  19. Hazrat Sh. Najamuddin Kubra,
  20. Hazrat Sh. Majeeduddin Baghdadi,
  21. Hazrat Sh. Ahmed,
  22. Hazrat Sh. Nuruddin Kubrai,
  23. Hazrat Sh. Muhammad al-Hassan,
  24. Hazrat Sh. Muhammad,
  25. Hazrat Sh. Yahya Madani,
  26. Hazrat Sh. Ubaidullah,
  27. Hazrat Khwaja Muhammad Hafiz Farooqui,
  28. Hazrat Khwaja Abdul Haq I,
  29. Hazrat Sachal Sarmast

Sachal's appearance and dress

Sachal's height was average, he had a wide forehead with a "enlightened" face. His eyes were dewy and his face always seemed in somberness or grief. He dressed humbly, he wore a White shirt. He also wore blue trousers. He wore a green turban and wore wooden sandals, he would go barefoot on long strolls sometimes.

Marriage

Khwaja Abdul Haq I got him married to his daughter, Sachal's cousin who lived two years after the marriage and died childless. He did not marry again after this.

Sufi Thought

The second Sufi master of the Faruqis of Daraza was Khwaja Mian Abdul Haq Farooqui who was the Murshid and Guide of Sachal Sarmast. Sachal has said about his Murshid Khwaja Abdul Haq in his following lines:

"If vou wish to be aware of the Devine Secrets, come with a sincere heart to Shah Daraza. Here is the Murshid Abdul Haq who knows all mysteries, and has shown me the path love and will also reveal it to you."

He was a strict man when it came to religion. He adhered to all religious rites and prayers, and he urged others to do the same, he said to others to offer their prayers five times daily in the mosque, to not miss the Friday prayer, to fast in the month of Ramadan and to be pious; as well as to recite the Qur'an or hear it from others.

His whole life was quite simple. He did not hunt animals. He did not take any intoxicants or alcohol, and he believed that the greatest intoxicant was Allah's love which he has described in his poetry as a "Jaam" or "Wine".

Poetry

Sachal was a enthusiast of Sufi poetry and music. Hearing Sufi poems would cause him to go into a state of Wajd and dance, tears would also come from his eyes. The Khwaja of Daraza put 2 men to write down his poetry whenever he went into Wajd and sang, if they missed anything and asked him to repeat his lines, Sachal would say, "I did not sing; He Himself sang.".

He expresses the idea of Allah being the ultimate oneness and only in some of his poems such as: "He is, You are not, Lose your self, And jump into the Sea of Unity."

He was a complete lover and devotee of the Companions of the Prophet and has condemned those who curse and disassociate from them in his famous poem, "Mahi Yaar di Gharoli". He expresses this in the following lines:

"Abu Bakr, Shah Umar, Uthman, Ali, pure Imams of the believers, Of the liege of the Arabs, I am a servant."

"The Rafidhi can never be a Hafiz, Nor can he ever become a Wali, My feelings to them are pure poison."

"The one who curses and disassociates (from the companions), The companions are free of what he accuses them, I kiss the dirt of the door of the dear companions."

Sachal talks of his Tariqah's silsilah's origin being Pir Ubaidallah Shah Jilani who is also mentioned in their Silsilah:

"Shah Ubaidallah Jilani! He gave us the honor of spiritual guidance, I am born of the city of Daraza!"

Sachal also praises the revered Islamic and Sufi figure, Abdul Qadir Jilani who is also the origin of his Tariqah:

"Pir of Pirs, Hazrat Miraan! Upon whose name, chains break! Perfect Murshid, his name I repeat!"

Death

He was healthy in his life because of a simple diet and fasting. In the last three days of his life he was in his room. Only the sounds of music and dance were heard by attendants. He died on the 14th of Ramadan 1242 A. H., 1825 AD.

Successors

The current Sajjada Nashin of Sachal Sarmast's shrine is Khwaja Abdul Haq III Farooqui.

Urs of Sachal

سچل سرمست جي درگاھ تي صوفياڻي ڪلام تي ڌمال

An annual three-day urs, or festival commemorating the death anniversary of Sachal Sarmast is held at Daraza Sharif, beginning on the 13th day of Ramazan, including a literary conference and musical concerts based on his poetry.

References

  1. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  2. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  3. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  4. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  5. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  6. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  7. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  8. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  9. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  10. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  11. Aslam Rasoolpuri, Sachal Sarmast, Bazm e Saqafat Publications Multan
  12. Shameen Khan (August 21, 2014). "The enchanting beauty of Sachal Sarmasts shrine". DAWN. Retrieved 16 November 2015.
  13. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  14. Jotwani, Motilal Wadhumal (1996). Sufis of Sindh. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. ISBN 978-81-230-0508-9.
  15. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  16. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  17. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  18. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  19. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  20. Jotwani, Motilal Wadhumal (1996). Sufis of Sindh. Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India. ISBN 978-81-230-0508-9.
  21. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  22. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  23. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009. p. 132.
  24. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  25. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  26. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  27. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  28. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  29. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  30. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  31. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  32. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  33. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  34. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  35. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  36. سچل سرمست جي گهڙولي - حزب اللہ آءِ سومرو | سنڌسلامت ڪتاب گهر (in Sindhi). سنڌ سلامت ڪتاب گهر.
  37. Study Of Mysticism In Darazi School Of Sufi Thought. 2009.
  38. Reporter, The Newspaper's Staff (9 February 2015). "Sajjada Nashin of Sachal Sarmast shrine dies". DAWN.COM.
  39. News Desk (25 April 2020). "Sajjada Nasheens appeal masses to follow govt's instructions". Pakistan Observer.
  40. "197th Urs of Sachal Sarmast to begin from Ramazan 13th". Daily Times. 2018-05-23. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  41. "198th Urs celebrations of Sachal Sarmast get underway". Daily Times. 2019-05-19. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  42. "AUQAF DEPARTMENT , GOVERNMENT OF SINDH". sindh.gov.pk. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  43. "Sachal's Urs begins today". DAWN.COM. 2013-07-23. Retrieved 2019-05-20.
  • "The Rise, Growth And Decline of Indo-Persian Literature" by R M Chopra, 2nd Edition 2013, published by Iran Culture House, New Delhi and Iran Society, Kolkata.

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