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{{short description|American Christian fundamentalist and Young Earth Creationist}} | |||
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'''Kent E. Hovind''' (born ] ]), the self-styled '''''Dr Dino''''', is an ] ] (YEC) ] who is currently offering ] to anyone who can prove ] "is the only possible way" that the ] and life arose, although some of his critics consider the challenge to be spurious. Despite having no science credentials, he is the founder of Creation Science Evangelism ]. | |||
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2022}} | |||
{{Infobox person | |||
| image = Hovind portrait.jpg | |||
| image_caption = Hovind {{circa}} 2002 | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1953|1|15}} | |||
| birth_place = | |||
| education = | |||
| employer = | |||
| known_for = Advocate of ] and anti-tax views | |||
| nationality = American | |||
| alma_mater = ] (]) | |||
}} | |||
'''Kent E. Hovind''' (born January 15, 1953) is an American ] evangelist and ]. He is a controversial figure in the ] movement whose ministry focuses on ] of scientific theories in the fields of biology (] and ]), ], and ] in favor of a ] interpretation of the ] found in the ]. Hovind's views, which combine elements of ] and ], are dismissed by the scientific community as ] and ]. ] openly criticized him for continued use of discredited arguments abandoned by others in the movement. | |||
Hovind established Creation Science Evangelism (CSE) in 1989 and Dinosaur Adventure Land in 2001 in ]. He frequently spoke on Young Earth creationism in schools, churches, debates, and on radio and television broadcasts. His son Eric Hovind took over operation of CSE after Hovind began serving a ten-year prison sentence in January 2007 for federal convictions for failing to pay taxes, obstructing federal agents, and ] cash transactions. In September 2021, Hovind was convicted of domestic violence against his estranged wife. | |||
== Biography == | == Biography == | ||
At the age of 16, Hovind became a ]<ref name="affidavit1998"/> within the ] church.<ref>"I am, without apology, an independent fundamental Baptist." {{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=43 | title=The Baptists and the Amish | publisher= DrDino.com (archived) |year= 2002 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | access-date =January 2, 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030618200641/http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=43 | archive-date= June 18, 2003}}</ref> | |||
In 1971, he graduated from ] in ]. He entered ] and then transferred to the unaccredited ] in 1972, attaining a ] of Religious Education in 1974.<ref name="affidavit1998"/> | |||
He married his wife Jo in 1973 and they had three children between 1977 and 1979. Between 1975 and 1988, Hovind served as an assistant pastor and teacher at three ], including one he started.<ref name="affidavit1998">"Affidavit of Kent E. Hovind (2005) with Circuit Court of Escambia County August 10, 2005"</ref> | |||
In 1989, the family moved to Pensacola, Florida, where Jo attended (then unaccredited) ] and earned a bachelor's degree in music and master's degrees in music and sacred music.<ref name="TCM2012-281"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414015531/http://www.ustaxcourt.gov/InOpHistoric/HovindOpinion.TCM.WPD.pdf |date=April 14, 2015 }}; T.C. Memo. 2012-281; October 3, 2012; also available online at ].</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://drdino.com/AboutCSE.htm | title=About CSE |publisher=DrDino.com (archived) |year=1999 | access-date = August 18, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/19991012020647/http://drdino.com/AboutCSE.htm |archive-date=October 12, 1999 }}</ref> | |||
In 1998, Hovind created his ''Dr. Dino'' web site and began producing articles and selling video tapes, books, and fossil replicas.<ref name="TCM2012-281"/> Prior to his incarceration, Hovind had numerous speaking engagements (around 700 in 2004<ref name="DarwinfreeNYT"/>) at churches, private schools, and other venues each year, in addition to hosting a daily internet radio talk show and establishing ''Dinosaur Adventure Land'' in Pensacola, Florida. In 1999, his son Eric Hovind began traveling to present his arguments and seminars.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/readNews.php?id=31 | title=Trip to Canada and Debate|publisher=DrDino.com (archived) |date=April 2, 2007 | first=Eric | last=Hovind | access-date = August 18, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070914150425/http://www.drdino.com/readNews.php?id=31 |archive-date = September 14, 2007}}</ref><ref name="EricJoins1999">Kent Hovind wrote his son, Eric, "joined our CSE staff May 10th. He is taking my seminar to schools and churches and has quite a few meetings scheduled already." {{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/newsletter.htm | title=The Every-Once-in-a-While Newsletter | publisher= DrDino.com (archived) |year= 1999 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | access-date =August 17, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/19991012204514/http://www.drdino.com/newsletter.htm | archive-date=October 12, 1999}}</ref> Kent and Jo divorced in 2016.<ref>Judgment dated June 21, 2016, recorded June 24, 2016, ''Jo D. Hovind v. Kent E. Hovind''; {{cite web |title=Case Number 2016 DR 001238 |publisher=Escambia County Florida Clerk of the Circuit Court |url=http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml/xmlBM.asp?ucase_id=2204417 |access-date=June 30, 2016 }}{{Dead link|date=May 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> | |||
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In 1988 and 1991 respectively, Hovind received a master's degree and doctorate in Christian Education through ] from (also unaccredited) ], then in ].<ref group="notes">now Patriot Bible University in ], Colorado, which no longer offers this program</ref><ref name="HovindWhereDidYou">{{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/FAQs/FAQmisc13.jsp | title=Where did you get your degree? | publisher= DrDino.com (archived) |year= 2000 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20000903025232/http://www.drdino.com/FAQs/FAQmisc13.jsp | archive-date= September 3, 2000}}</ref><ref name="Forrest">{{cite news | url=https://ncse.ngo/unmasking-false-prophet-creationism | title=Unmasking the False Prophet of Creationism| publisher=] |date=September 1, 1999 | first=Forrest| last=Barbara | access-date = December 4, 2024}}</ref> Patriot University is a ].<ref name="KauffmanYD"/><ref name="PigliucciBoudry2013">{{cite book |last=Prothero |first=Donald |author-link=Donald Prothero |editor-last1=Pigliucci |editor-first1=Massimo |editor-link1=Massimo Pigliucci |editor-last2=Boudry |editor-first2=Maarten |editor-link2=Maarten Boudry |title=Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pc4OAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA357 |access-date=June 1, 2015 |date=August 16, 2013 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |pages=341–60 |chapter=The Holocaust Denier's Playbook and the Tobacco Smokescreen|isbn=9780226051826 }}</ref> | |||
Having a website called "Dr. Dino" has provoked some academics to look closely at how Hovind presents his education and credentials. All his known degrees are from unaccredited institutions, and he has no training in ].<ref name="LoxtonProthero2013"/> ], a professor of philosophy, expert on the history of creationism and activist in the ], wrote that Hovind's lack of training makes academic discussion impossible<ref name="Forrest"/> and has said that his understanding of historical and scientific research is deficient.<ref name="KauffmanYD">{{cite news | url=http://www.yorkdispatch.com/ci_3597850 | title=Creationist speaker 'loose about the facts' | publisher=] | date=March 13, 2006 | first=Christina | last=Kauffman | access-date=April 7, 2015 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414163221/http://www.yorkdispatch.com/ci_3597850 | archive-date=April 14, 2015 }}</ref> ], an organic chemistry professor who debated Hovind,<ref name="Forrest"/> examined Hovind's ] and found it is incomplete,<ref group="notes">It contains four chapters totaling 101 pages, but Hovind's introduction claims the work is 250 pages with 16 chapters.</ref> contains numerous spelling errors, lacks ], shows flawed reasoning, and states that it does not present any original research.<ref name="LoxtonProthero2013"/><ref name="Holley2015">{{cite journal |last=Holley |first=Tracey |date=September 2015 |title=Evolution is the Root of All Evil: An Examination of the Paranoid Style of Creation Science Evangelism |url=http://www.ijessnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2.pdf |journal=International Journal of Education and Social Science |volume=2 |issue=9 |pages=8–14 |access-date=January 21, 2016 |archive-date=April 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180410143314/http://www.ijessnet.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/2.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="Bartelt">{{cite web | url=http://www.noanswersingenesis.org.au/bartelt_dissertation_on_hovind_thesis.htm | title=The Dissertation Kent Hovind Doesn't Want You to Read: A Review of Kent Hovind's Thesis |publisher=] | year=2004 | first=Karen E. | last=Bartelt| access-date = October 24, 2007}}</ref> | |||
=== Creation Science Evangelism and Creation Today === | |||
<!-- Eric Hovind redirects to this section. If the title of this section is changed, please update the redirect page.--> | |||
Hovind established Creation Science Evangelism in 1989 to evangelize and teach ].<ref name="TCM2012-281"/> In May 1999, his son Eric joined Creation Science Evangelism as a speaker, and his daughter Marlissa began training to become Hovind's secretary.<ref name="EricJoins1999"/> That year, CSE merged with ] of ], ], beginning a relationship that lasted until 2002. In 2003, with the aid of ] (a promoter of ] schemes), Hovind set up a series of entities starting with "an unincorporated association of pure trust" on May 13, under which a ] and several ministerial trusts were established starting on May 23. CSE properties were conveyed to the trusts which operated under business licenses from the ].<ref name="OrderonProperty"/> | |||
Hovind is associated with the ] (UBF), a loosely affiliated group of roughly 100 churches which share a "theology of Christian resistance" to civil governments. Because the UBF would consider it an acknowledgement of government authority over the church, they reject the highly favorable ] status, which makes donations tax deductible and exempts them from income tax, but not FICA taxes or employee income tax withholding.<ref name="SPLC2001">{{cite news |url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2001/seizure-indianapolis-baptist-temple-ends-standoff-%E2%80%98unregistered%E2%80%99-church-movement-continues |title=Seizure of Indianapolis Baptist Temple Ends Standoff, But 'Unregistered' Church Movement Continues |publisher=] |date=May 8, 2001 |access-date=February 24, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Kurst-Swanger2008">{{cite book|last=Kurst-Swanger|first=Karel|title=Worship and Sin: An Exploration of Religion-related Crime in the United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9N7nPf_0ePUC&pg=210|access-date=February 24, 2016|year=2008|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-0-8204-6387-2|pages=210–211}}</ref> The UBF holds that governmental authority stops "at the threshold of the church",<ref name="Kurst-Swanger2008" /><ref>{{cite web |url= http://unregisteredbaptistfellowship.org/about/ |title= About UBF |date= March 13, 2015 |website= Unregistered Baptist Fellowship |access-date= February 24, 2016 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20151127170532/http://unregisteredbaptistfellowship.org/index.php/content/about-ubf |archive-date= November 27, 2015 |url-status= live }}</ref> and Hovind has likened his ministry's status to that of the ] State.<ref name="DALFight" /> When the federal government obtained a ] in 2004, an ] (IRS) criminal investigator made the ] that the organization did not have a business license and did not have tax-exempt status.<ref name="ParkFinance" /> | |||
Hovind was convicted of 58 felony counts in November 2006<ref>{{cite web |url=http://kenthovindblog.com/?p=50 |title=Creation Science Evangelism is the Lord's work. |publisher=Creation Science Evangelism |work=Kenthovindblog.com |date=November 3, 2006 |access-date=July 10, 2016 |archive-date=August 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807064333/http://kenthovindblog.com/?p=50 |url-status=dead }}</ref> and sentenced to ten years in prison in January 2007; Eric Hovind took over Creation Science Evangelism.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kenthovindblog.com/?p=62 | title=New Mission Field for Dr. Hovind | publisher=Creation Science Evangelism | work=kenthovindblog.com | date=January 20, 2007 | first=Eric | last=Hovind | access-date=October 3, 2012 | archive-date=May 14, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210514093217/http://www.kenthovindblog.com/?p=62 | url-status=dead }}</ref> In July 2007, God Quest Inc. was ] with Eric Hovind as president,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sunbiz.org/COR/2007/0726/06494231.Tif | title=Florida Articles of Incorporation of God Quest, Inc. |publisher=State of Florida, Department of State. | year=2007 | access-date = August 11, 2010}}</ref> and that November, God Quest Inc. filed in Florida to do business under the ] Creation Science Evangelism.<ref>, Registration #G07317900401, November 13, 2007, from . Retrieved May 15, 2015.</ref> In June 2008, Eric announced that the CSE website would incorporate the CSE blog and change format allowing for "only positive comments" about Hovind and CSE,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.kenthovindblog.com/?p=153 | title=Updating CSE Blogs | publisher=Creation Science Evangelism blog | date=June 24, 2008 | access-date=October 21, 2008 | archive-date=December 15, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215150749/http://www.kenthovindblog.com/?p=153 | url-status=dead }}</ref> and in late 2011, Creation Science Evangelism's ''DrDino.com'' website was redirected to ''CreationToday.org''.<ref>Kyle Winkler, {{cite web | url=https://issuu.com/cseministry/docs/ct-current-winter-2011 | title=We are Now Creation Today | publisher=Creation Today | date=Winter 2011 | page=3 | access-date=April 25, 2015 | archive-date=April 14, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414020112/http://issuu.com/cseministry/docs/ct-current-winter-2011 | url-status=dead }}</ref> The new website announced "Creation Today is a ministry of God Quest, Inc." with focus on "creation, apologetics and evangelism."<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.creationtoday.org/about/at-a-glance/ | title=At a Glance | publisher=Creation Today | year=2012 | access-date = January 14, 2012}}</ref> | |||
=== Dinosaur Adventure Land === | |||
<!-- Dinosaur Adventure Land redirects to this section. If the title of this section is changed, please update the redirect page.--> | |||
] | |||
{{Commons category|Dinosaur Adventure Land}} | |||
In 2001, Hovind started Dinosaur Adventure Land, a young Earth creationist ] located behind Hovind's home in Pensacola.<ref name="CSICOP">{{cite news |url=http://www.csicop.org/si/show/stupid_dino_tricks_a_visit_to_kent_hovindrsquos_dinosaur_adventure_land/ |title=Stupid Dino Tricks: A Visit to Kent Hovind's Dinosaur Adventure Land |publisher=] |date=November 2004 |first=Greg |last=Martinez |access-date=April 10, 2015}}</ref> With the slogan, "Where Dinosaurs and the Bible meet!", the facility on roughly {{convert|7|acre|ha|abbr=off|round=0.5|spell=on}}<ref name="AdamEveTRex">{{cite news |title=Adam, Eve and T. Rex |date= August 27, 2005 |first=Ashley |last=Powers |periodical=Los Angeles Times |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-aug-27-me-dinosaurs27-story.html |access-date=May 28, 2015}}</ref> had an indoor "Science Center" and an outdoor space with a variety of simple dinosaur-themed rides and activities, each of which was tied to some religious message. For example, the "Jumpasaurus" was a trampoline next to a basketball hoop; children would have one minute to make as many baskets as they could, and the message was that one has to be coordinated to do more for Jesus. Annual attendance was 38,000.<ref name="DarwinfreeNYT"/><ref name="CSICOP"/> The park depicted humans and dinosaurs co-existing in the last 4,000–6,000 years and also contains a depiction of the ].<ref name="HeresyNS">{{cite news | url=http://www.momentmag.com/Exclusive/2005/2005-10/200510-HeresyOfSlifkin.html | title=The Heresy of Nosson Slifkin | magazine= ] |date= October 2005 | access-date =October 1, 2005 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091129021453/http://momentmag.com/Exclusive/2005/2005-10/200510-HeresyOfSlifkin.html | archive-date= November 29, 2009}}</ref> The ] said the park also "claims that a few small dinosaurs still roam the planet".<ref name="SPLC2004">{{cite news|last=Jackson|first=Camille|date=Summer 2004|title=When Giants Roamed: A Florida theme park sells creationism — with an antigovernment twist|publisher=]|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/florida-theme-park-dinosaur-adventure-land-sells-creationism-antigovernment-twist|url-status=live|access-date=December 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210718183537/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2004/florida-theme-park-dinosaur-adventure-land-sells-creationism-antigovernment-twist|archive-date=July 18, 2021}}</ref> A 2004 '']'' article discussed a visit to Hovind's dinosaur theme park and concluded that the park is "deceptive on many levels".<ref name="CSICOP"/> In ''Reports of the ]'', George Allan Alderman described it as "essentially a playground with a few exhibits, several fiberglass dinosaurs, a climbing wall, and a couple of buildings." He summarized it as "shabby".<ref name="AldermanAllen">{{cite web|last=Alderman|first=George Allen|date=November 2011|year=2011|title=Dinosaur Adventure Land, or How Max Defeated the Creationist Swing Set|url=http://reports.ncse.com/index.php/rncse/article/view/85/78|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705125338/http://reports.ncse.com/index.php/rncse/article/download/85/78|archive-date=July 5, 2017|access-date=February 9, 2022|website=]}}</ref> | |||
The venture encountered legal issues when the owners did not get a ] in 2002 (]). In April 2006, Escambia County officials closed the building in question.<ref name="ParkExtinction"/> In July 2009, the courts ruled that the properties could be seized and sold to satisfy Hovind's criminal penalties (]).<ref name="pnjruling">{{cite news | url=http://www.pnj.com/article/20090801/NEWS01/908010317 | title=Judge clears way for dinosaur park to be seized | publisher= ] |date= July 31, 2009| first=Kris | last=Wernowsky | access-date =August 17, 2009}} .</ref> Another Florida ministry theme park, the ], successfully lobbied for a property tax exemption law for parks "used to exhibit, illustrate, and interpret biblical manuscripts" in 2006; Dinosaur Adventure Land, which was not a ], failed to have the law expanded to be included.<ref>{{citation |title= Biblical parks may get tax deal |last= Liberto |first= Jennifer |date= April 6, 2006 |work= Tampa Bay Times |url= https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2006/04/06/biblical-parks-may-get-tax-deal/ |access-date= May 6, 2020}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title= Bibleland Orlando's Holy Land Experience And Other Religious Theme Parks Mix Faith and Entertainment -- But Not Without Controversy |last= Alter |first= Alexandra |date= September 23, 2006 |newspaper= Washington Post |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2006/09/23/bibleland-span-classbankheadorlandos-holy-land-experience-and-other-religious-theme-parks-mix-faith-and-entertainment-but-not-without-controversyspan/509d1eaf-4063-49d9-88cf-fdc4d3c111de/ |access-date= May 6, 2020}}</ref> Eric Hovind kept the park and CSE operating throughout 2008,<ref name="DALFight">{{cite news | title=Jailed owner fights to keep park open | publisher=] |date=July 21, 2008}} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref> but in July 2009, a judge allowed the government seizure to proceed.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/news/2009/07/dinosaur-adventure-land-to-be-seized-004963 | title=Dinosaur Adventure Land to be seized? | publisher=] | date=July 31, 2009 | access-date = August 21, 2009}}</ref> In August 2009, Dinosaur Adventure Land's website announced it was closed,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dinosauradventureland.com/news.php?e=29 | title=Park Closed Until Further Notice |publisher=Dinosaur Adventure Land (archived) | date=August 24, 2009 | access-date = August 24, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100722224125/http://www.dinosauradventureland.com/news.php?e=29 |archive-date=July 22, 2010 }}</ref> and CSE announced its re-opening as the "Creation Store" in November 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.dinosauradventureland.com/news.php?e=30 | title=Spend Christmas with the Dinosaurs |publisher=Dinosaur Adventure Land (archived) | date=November 5, 2010 | access-date = August 24, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110723021844/http://www.dinosauradventureland.com/news.php?e=30 |archive-date = July 23, 2011}}</ref> | |||
In April 2016, Hovind discussed plans for a new Dinosaur Adventure Land, which included an 80-foot-tall model dinosaur that would be the largest in the state, with commissioners in ].<ref>{{cite news |last= Peacock |first= Lee |date= April 14, 2016 |title= Commissioners discuss 'Dr. Dino' |newspaper= Evergreen Courant |location= Evergreen, AL |volume=121 |number=29 |page=1 (cont. 12)}}</ref> A supporter donated a {{convert|140|acre|ha|adj=on|abbr=off|round=5}} parcel of land in ], a former gravel pit.<ref name ="AL2018">{{cite web |title=Alabama's Dinosaur Adventure Land teaches that evolution is 'dumbest religion in the history of the world' |url=https://www.al.com/news/index.ssf/2018/09/alabamas_dinosaur_adventure_la.html |last=Vollers |first=Anna Claire |date=September 19, 2018 |work=AL.com}}</ref> Volunteers started work by June 2016,<ref>{{cite news |last=Dewberry |first=Josh |date= June 23, 2016 |title=Dr. Dino's work continues |newspaper=Monroe Journal |location=Monroeville, AL |volume=150 |number=25 |page=1 (cont. 8A)}}</ref> and it opened in April 2018. {{as of|2018|September}}, total attendance had exceeded 1,000, according to Hovind. Dinosaur Adventure Land is operated by a 501(c)(3) organization, Creation Science Evangelism Ministries Inc. Its revenue streams are donations, book and DVD sales, and YouTube advertising. There is no admission charge and it operates without liability insurance. Facilities include a science center, a campground, a four-wheeler park, and church services including baptisms.<ref name ="AL2018"/> | |||
On March 15, 2020, a seven-year-old boy drowned at the park.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://2083.newstogo.us/editionviewer/?Edition=ef8b164d-40ca-414d-9cb1-404756d154f7&Section=0 | title=The Monroe Journal - Child Dies at Dinosaur Adventure Land |publisher=The Monroe Journal | date=March 19, 2020 | access-date = March 19, 2020}}</ref> | |||
== Creationism == | |||
=== The Hovind Theory === | |||
Hovind presented a version of ] he calls the "Hovind Theory" in lectures and in the book ''Unmasking the False Religion of Evolution''.<ref>{{cite AV media |title=The Hovind Theory (Seminar Part 6) |url=http://creationtoday.org/the-hovind-theory-seminar-part-6/ |access-date=June 3, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322013156/http://www.creationtoday.org/the-hovind-theory-seminar-part-6/|archive-date=March 22, 2012|url-status=dead|publisher=Creation Science Evangelism}}</ref><ref name="FalseReligion">{{cite web | url=http://www.royalse.com/scroll/evolve/cover.html | title=Unmasking the False Religion of Evolution, Based on the fact filled, and exciting seminars of Dr. Kent Hovind, Chapter 5: The Hovind Theory |first1=Robert T. |last1=Weaver |first2=Shirley |last2=Norris| publisher= Creation Science Evangelism |year= 1999 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20010224095434/http://www.royalse.com/scroll/evolve/ch5p1ng.html | archive-date= February 24, 2001}}</ref> The Hovind Theory is entirely rejected in the scientific community, and its plausibility has even been criticized by other young Earth creationists.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind/howgood.html | title=How Good Are Those Young-Earth Arguments: A Look at Hovind's arguments |publisher=] | date=December 10, 2002 | first=Dave | last=Matson | access-date = September 30, 2007}}</ref><ref name="CMIIntegrity">{{cite news | url=http://creation.com/maintaining-creationist-integrity-response-to-kent-hovind | title=Maintaining Creationist Integrity: A response to Kent Hovind| publisher=] |date= October 11, 2002 | last1=Wieland | first1 = Carl | author-link1=Carl Wieland | last2 = Ham | first2 = Ken | author-link2=Ken Ham | last3 = Sarfati | first3 = Jonathan | author-link3=Jonathan Sarfati | access-date =April 26, 2015}}</ref> | |||
In Hovind's narrative, dinosaurs and humans coexisted and '']'' was a vegetarian prior to the ].<ref name="AdamEveTRex"/><ref name="MooreDecker2008"/> Hovind expands upon the late 19th- and early 20th-century ] concept of a protective shield that made Earth a relative paradise between the ] and ].<ref name="Giberson2015">{{cite book|last=Giberson|first=Karl W.|author-link=Karl W. Giberson|title=Saving the Original Sinner: How Christians Have Used the Bible's First Man to Oppress, Inspire, and Make Sense of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VAiJBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT185|date=June 9, 2015|publisher=Beacon Press|isbn=978-0-8070-1252-9|pages=185–7}}</ref> The flood is expressed as a function of ] rather than ] processes.<ref>{{Citation |title=Reading Genesis |journal=] |publisher=] |date=December 2016 |volume=68 |number=4 |pages=237–261 |last=Clouser |first=Roy |author-link=Roy A. Clouser |url=http://www.allofliferedeemed.co.uk/Clouser/RC2016Reading%20Genesis.pdf |access-date=April 23, 2017 |archive-date=April 24, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424090002/http://www.allofliferedeemed.co.uk/Clouser/RC2016Reading%20Genesis.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> ]'s family and two of every ] of animal<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chick.com/information/authors/hovind.asp#testimony|access-date=October 6, 2006|title=Kent Hovind's testimony on Chick.com|publisher=Chick.com}}</ref> (including dinosaurs, which fit because babies were taken aboard and conditions allowed larger humans, making the ark's size, based on ]s, larger<ref name="Lebo2009">{{cite book|last=Lebo|first=Lauri |author-link=Lauri Lebo|title=The Devil in Dover: An Insider's Story of Dogma V. Darwin in Small-Town America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_MkDGsDrWmMC&pg=PA144|date=March 2009|publisher=New Press|isbn=978-1-59558-451-9|page=144}}</ref>) boarded ] before an ice ] impacted the Earth. Fragments from the meteor caused ]s and ]s on the moon and other solar system bodies.<ref name="Grant2011"/> The remainder were drawn to the North and South Poles by the ] as cataclysmic snowfall which buried the ]s standing up.<ref name="FalseReligion"/><ref name="Grant2011"/> The ice on the poles cracked the ], releasing the "]". According to Hovind, these events caused an ], and made the Earth wobble around, collapsing the vapor canopy that protected it.<ref>'The Hovind Theory' - part 6 of his CSE series</ref> | |||
In the next few months of the ], the dead animals and plants were buried, and became ], ], and fossils.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://drdino.com/articles.php?spec=13 | title=Fossils Do not Prove Evolution|publisher=DrDino.com (archived) |year=2006 | access-date = August 18, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060625185617/http://drdino.com/articles.php?spec=13 |archive-date = June 25, 2006}}</ref> The last months of the flood included geological instability, when the ] shifted, forming ] and ]s. The ] was formed in a couple of weeks during this time.<ref name="MooreDecker2008">{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Randy |last2=Decker|first2=Mark D. |title=More Than Darwin: An Encyclopedia of the People and Places of the Evolution-creationism Controversy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zBI7AQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-34155-7|pages=172–3|chapter=Kent Hovind (b. 1953)}}</ref> | |||
=== Criticism from creationists === | |||
In a rare case of open dissent within the movement over the substance of creation science,<ref name="PettoGodfrey2007">{{cite book|last=Plavcan|first=J. Michael|editor1-last=Petto |editor1-first=Andrew J.|editor2-last=Godfrey|editor2-first=Laurie R. |title=Scientists Confront Intelligent Design and Creationism|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SCDB7hhLpwMC&pg=PA367|year=2007|publisher=W.W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-05090-5|page=367|chapter=The Invisible Bible: The Logic of Creation Science}}</ref> ] (AiG) published a 2002 position paper titled: "Arguments we think creationists should NOT use".<ref name="dontuse">{{cite web|url=http://creation.com/arguments-we-think-creationists-should-not-use|title=Arguments we think creationists should NOT use|publisher=Answers in Genesis|access-date=May 1, 2015}}</ref> After Hovind issued a point-by-point rebuttal,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=41 | title=Bad Creation Arguments? |publisher=DrDino.com (archived) |date=August 2, 2002| first=Kent | last=Hovind | access-date = May 1, 2015 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20021031104619/http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=41 | archive-date= October 31, 2002}}</ref> ], ], and ] of AiG wrote that the claims made by Hovind were "fraudulent" and contained "mistakes in facts and logic which do the creationist cause no good."<ref name="DarwinfreeNYT">{{cite web |last=Goodnough |first=Abby |date=May 1, 2004 |title=Darwin-Free Fun For Creationists |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/01/arts/darwin-free-fun-for-creationists.html |newspaper=] |access-date=April 10, 2015 }}</ref><ref name="CMIIntegrity"/><ref name="dontuse"/> In particular, AiG criticized Hovind for "persistently us discredited or false arguments" as well as "fraudulent claims" from ],<ref name="CMIIntegrity"/> and described one of Hovind's claims as "self-refuting".<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.ocweekly.com/2006-02-23/news/jesus-kills/4/ | title=Jesus Kills: The end of the world is coming, and some OC Christians cant wait | newspaper=] | date=February 23, 2006 | access-date=May 1, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402100433/http://www.ocweekly.com/2006-02-23/news/jesus-kills/4/ | archive-date=April 2, 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> Rancorous disagreements resulted in AiG splitting into U.S. and Australian chapters in 2005. The Australian branch, renamed ] (CMI), maintained content critical of Hovind on their website, while the U.S. branch, led by ], removed it.<ref>{{cite journal | journal=Reports of the National Center for Science Education (Online Edition) | publisher=] | title=Trouble in Paradise: Answers in Genesis Splinters | volume=26 | number=6 |date=November–December 2006 | pages=4–7 | url=http://ncse.com/book/export/html/1934 |access-date=May 1, 2015}}</ref> In 2009, CMI said that they had relaxed their stance because CSE's revamped website had removed some of Hovind's claims to which they objected.<ref name="CMIIntegrity"/> | |||
], an old-Earth creationist who runs the Old Earth Ministries website<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldearth.org/about_aic.htm |title=About Old Earth Ministries? |website= Old Earth Ministries |access-date=May 21, 2015}}</ref> (renamed from ]), writes that Hovind's articles about humans and dinosaurs coexisting are unsupported by evidence and that they "embarrass the young earth creation science community as a whole".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oldearth.org/drdino.htm |title= Creation Science Rebuttals: Creation Science Evangelism and Dinosaurs |last1=Neyman |first1=Greg |date= September 21, 2003 |website=Old Earth Ministries |access-date=May 21, 2015}}</ref><ref name="Moore2014">{{cite book|last=Moore|first=Randy |title=Dinosaurs by the Decades: A Chronology of the Dinosaur in Science and Popular Culture|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WPeCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA368|date=July 23, 2014|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0-313-39365-5|page=368}}</ref> | |||
To the ] creationist, Hovind's approach relies upon a strict literal reading of the ]. Where Jews interpret the Hebrew through ] and ], Hovind relies on a direct reading of English. For example, Hovind claims that the word ''dinosaur'', which was introduced to English in 1841, refers to what previously had been called ''dragon''. Dragon is used where '']'' ({{langx|he|{{linktext|תנין}}}}) appears, but it means ''serpent'' or ''crocodile''.<ref name="HeresyNS"/> | |||
=== Anti-evolution claims === | |||
Hovind contends that "]" produced "], ], ], ], ] and the ]".<ref name="radicalreligion"/><ref name="JarrettKentState"/> He blamed the forced ] resettlement on a belief in evolution, although the ] preceded '']'', the book which first presents the theory of evolution by natural selection, by roughly two decades.<ref name="Forrest"/><ref name="KauffmanYD"/> Hovind maintains that biology textbooks are lying in order to brainwash youth.<ref name="Brainwashed">{{cite web |url=http://creationtoday.org/downloads/files/411PDF.pdf |title=Are You Being Brainwashed |publisher=Creation Science Evangelism |year=2007 |first=Kent | last=Hovind |page=6 |access-date=March 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209112154/http://www.drdino.com/img/brainwashed_low.pdf |archive-date=December 9, 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Rauser2012">{{cite book|last=Rauser|first=Randal |author-link=Randal Rauser|title=You're Not As Crazy As I Think: Dialogue in a World of Loud Voices and Hardened Opinions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7-SYWacongC&pg=PA144|date=January 6, 2012|publisher=InterVarsity Press|isbn=978-0-8308-5979-5|page=144}}</ref> He said, "Satan is using evolution theory to make kids go to hell."<ref name="CreationEvolutionMeyer">{{cite news | first=Zlati | last=Meyer | title=Creation v Evolution Topic of Student Forum: A FLA. Evangelist Spoke at Pennridge High School |periodical=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=November 10, 2000 |url=http://articles.philly.com/2000-11-10/news/25614829_1_evolution-and-creationism-kent-hovind-science-classroom |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150504211526/http://articles.philly.com/2000-11-10/news/25614829_1_evolution-and-creationism-kent-hovind-science-classroom |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 4, 2015 |access-date=May 4, 2015}}</ref> Hovind claims he is not trying to eliminate evolution from schools,<ref name="Brainwashed"/> but says "schools should ]."<ref name="CreationEvolutionMeyer"/> Hovind said that in order to forge "missing link" ] to support ], the ] has 33,000 sets of human remains in its basement, some taken alive (murder).<ref name="Forrest"/><ref name="MooreDecker2008"/> In an interview prior to speaking at ], Hovind said "You should have another rebellion here at Kent State and do it for the right reason," the reason being protesting evolution and referred to the ] when he added, "This time, don't get shot."<ref name="JarrettKentState">{{cite web |first=Pat |last=Jarrett |title=Creationist speaker: 'Stop lying to students' |periodical=Daily Kent Stater |date=April 7, 2006 |url=http://www.kentwired.com/latest_updates/article_5ace2e09-8050-5b61-9cb4-e7ac23c56b56.html |access-date=July 13, 2015 |archive-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203101855/http://www.kentwired.com/latest_updates/article_5ace2e09-8050-5b61-9cb4-e7ac23c56b56.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
In the ] of ], Hovind published and co-authored ''Claws, Jaws, and Dinosaurs'' with ], another Creationist who has searched for ] under the belief that discovering a ] would somehow undermine evolutionary theory and that dinosaurs were ]s.<ref name="LoxtonProthero2013">{{cite book|last1=Loxton|first1=Daniel |author-link1=Daniel Loxton|last2=Prothero|first2=Donald R. |author-link2=Donald Prothero|title=Abominable Science: Origins of the Yeti, Nessie, and other Famous Cryptids|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UV2sAgAAQBAJ|date=September 10, 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-15320-1|pages=293, 308–9}}</ref> Dinosaur Adventure Land had displays about the existence of the ]<ref name="Grant2011">{{cite book|last=Grant|first=John |author-link=John Grant (author)|title=Denying Science: Conspiracy Theories, Media Distortions, and the War Against Reality|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=anPotGg3tcUC|date=October 4, 2011|publisher=Prometheus Books|isbn=978-1-61614-400-5|pages=159–60}}</ref> and '']'' as history rather than legend.<ref name="CSICOP"/> | |||
=== Debates === | |||
Prior to his convictions, Hovind was a prolific debater. While Hovind campaigns against ], the ] is essentially universal within the ] and ];<ref>{{cite court |litigants=Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District |vol=400 |reporter=F.Supp.2d |opinion= 707 |pinpoint= p83 |court=United States District Court, M.D. Pennsylvania |date=December 20, 2005 |url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=16465861447416053365&q=kitzmiller+vs+dover&as_sdt=8006 |access-date=May 19, 2015 }} available at Wikisource: ]<br>Sample organizational statements: | |||
* ]: {{cite web |last=AAAS |first=American Association for the Advancement of Science |author-link=American Association for the Advancement of Science |date=February 16, 2006 |title=Statement on the Teaching of Evolution |publisher=aaas.org |url=http://archives.aaas.org/docs/resolutions.php?doc_id=443 |access-date=April 24, 2015 }} | |||
* InterAcademy Partnership: {{cite book |date=June 21, 2006 |title=IAP Statement on the Teaching of Evolution |publisher=interacademies.net |url=http://www.interacademies.net/10878/13901.aspx |access-date=April 24, 2015 |archive-date=July 17, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717190031/http://www.interacademies.net/10878/13901.aspx |url-status=dead }} | |||
* ]: {{cite web |year=2007 |title=An NSTA Evolution Q&A |url=http://www.nsta.org/evolution/#qanda |access-date=April 24, 2015 }} | |||
] maintains an extensive </ref> support for creationism is minimal among scientists in general, and virtually nonexistent among those in the following fields: ], ], ], ''etc''.<ref>{{cite book |last=Larson |first=Edward J. |author-link=Edward J. Larson |year=2004 |title=Evolution |publisher=Modern Library |isbn=0-679-64288-9 |page= |quote=Virtually no secular scientists accepted the doctrines of ]; but that did not deter creation scientists from advancing scientific arguments for their position. |url=https://archive.org/details/evolutionremarka00lars/page/258 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Martz |first1=Larry |last2=McDaniel |first2=Ann |date= June 29, 1987 |title=Keeping God out of the Classroom (Washington and bureau reports) |journal=Newsweek |pages=23–24 |volume=CIX |number=26 |publisher=Newsweek Inc. |issn=0028-9604 |quote="By one count there are some 700 scientists (out of a total of 480,000 U.S. earth and life scientists) who give credence to creation-science, the general theory that complex life forms did not evolve but appeared 'abruptly'."}}</ref> C. A. Chinn and L. A. Buckland classify his debate style, common among Young Earth Creationists, as ]: focused on winning by rhetoric rather than illuminating by careful examination of evidence.<ref name="TaylorFerrari2012">{{cite book|last1=Chinn |first1=Clark A.|last2=Buckland|first2=Luke A.|editor-last1=Taylor|editor-first1=Roger S.|editor-last2=Ferrari|editor-first2=Michel|title=Epistemology and Science Education: Understanding the Evolution vs. Intelligent Design Controversy|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DKHHBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT102|date=March 28, 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-88599-0|page=61|chapter=Differences in Epistemic Practices of Scientists, Young Earth Creationists, Intelligent Design Creationists, and the Scientist-Creationists of Darwin's Era}}</ref> | |||
In 1993, Hovind announced that he would be debating the renowned evolutionary biologist, ], who had a longstanding opposition to debating Creationists and had turned down numerous challenges. When contacted about the announcement, Gould said he had never heard of Hovind, much less agreed to debate.<ref>{{citation|first=John|last=Cole|title=Gould to Debate Creationist—NOT|journal=NCSE Reports|date=Summer 1993|volume=13|number=2|page=9}}</ref> | |||
In May 2004, ] debated Hovind in front of a predominantly ] audience. Shermer claimed the exchange was "not an intellectual exercise", but rather "an emotional drama", and concluded, "Unless there is a subject that is truly debatable with a format that is fair, in a forum that is balanced, it only serves to belittle both the magisterium of science and the magisterium of religion."<ref name="ShermerHovind">{{cite news | url=http://www.skeptic.com/eskeptic/04-05-10.html#miracle | title=Then a Miracle Occurs: An Obstreperous Evening with the Insouciant Kent Hovind, Young Earth Creationist and Defender of the Faith | publisher=] | date=May 10, 2004 | first=Michael | last=Shermer | access-date = February 11, 2007}}</ref> ] also debated Hovind, and expressed surprise at Hovind's ignorance of evolutionary theory. Pigliucci recalled Hovind tried "to convince the audience that evolutionists believe humans came from rocks" and subsequently "evolved from bananas."<ref name="Pigliucci2002">{{cite book|last=Pigliucci|first=Massimo|author-link=Massimo Pigliucci|title=Denying Evolution: Creationism, Scientism, and the Nature of Science|date=January 1, 2002|publisher=W.H. Freeman|isbn=978-0-87893-659-5|page=|url=https://archive.org/details/denyingevolution00mass/page/102}}</ref> ], Director of Microscopy at ], wrote that Hovind's ideas are not rational or scientific because they are not testable.<ref>{{Citation | last=Reville | first=William | title=Why would God dress the world in shades of evolution? | newspaper=Irish Times | date=November 16, 2000 | url=https://www.irishtimes.com/news/why-would-god-dress-the-world-in-shades-of-evolution-1.1116027 | access-date =April 7, 2015 }}</ref> Hovind has repeatedly declined offers for written debates where his claims would be scrutinized by scientists, including his decline of a debate offer from ].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nmsr.org/hovind.htm | title=The C-Files: Kent Hovind| publisher=New Mexicans for Science and Reason |year= 2000 | last=Thomas | first=Dave | author-link=Dave Thomas (physicist) | access-date =October 17, 2012}}</ref> | |||
During a debate with ], Hovind said that ] had uncovered the leg bones of ] at a different site over a mile away from the reported site, in a deeper ], quipping, "I would like to know how fast the train was going that hit that chimpanzee."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theskepticalreview.com/tsrmag/1hovin94.html | title=On the Till-Hovind Debate |publisher=The Skeptical Review online | date= January–February 1994 | first=Karen | last=Bartelt | access-date = May 19, 2015}} reprinted in 2(2) (March 1994).</ref> This was clearly contrary to the published statements by Johanson. After Hovind had been informed in 1993 that his statement was false, he agreed to stop using the claim. When he repeated the claim in 1995, he once more agreed he was in error.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/knee-joint.html | title=A Case Study in Creationists' Willingness to Admit Their Errors |publisher=] | date=June 12, 2003 | access-date = December 3, 2015}} A version appears as in ] 15(4):34–6 (Summer 1995). Retrieved December 3, 2015.</ref> | |||
=== $250,000 offer === | |||
In 1990, Hovind made a $10,000 offer to anyone who could meet a set of requirements he said would prove evolution, and he later raised the amount to $250,000.<ref name="offer">{{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/read-article.php?id=66 | title=Hovind's $250,000 Offer | year= 2009 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | access-date = April 24, 2009 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090424080647/http://www.drdino.com/read-article.php?id=66 |archive-date = April 24, 2009}}</ref> In 2007, Creation Science Evangelism removed the offer from its website.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.creationtoday.org/teaching-evolution-indoctrination-as-education/ |title=Teaching Evolution|publisher=CreationToday.org |date=October 14, 2012|access-date=October 14, 2012}}</ref> | |||
{{blockquote|I have a standing offer of $250,000 to anyone who can give any empirical evidence (scientific proof) for evolution.* My $250,000 offer demonstrates that the hypothesis of evolution is nothing more than a religious belief.<ref name="offer"/> | |||
... | |||
<nowiki>*</nowiki>NOTE: When I use the word evolution, I am not referring to the minor variations found in all of the various life forms (]). I am referring to the general theory of evolution which believes these five major events took place without God: | |||
# Time, space, and matter came into existence by themselves. | |||
# Planets and stars formed from space dust. | |||
# Matter created life by itself. | |||
# Early life-forms learned to reproduce themselves. | |||
# Major changes occurred between these diverse life forms (i.e., fish changed to amphibians, amphibians changed to reptiles, and reptiles changed to birds or mammals).}} | |||
The premises of Hovind's offer have been rejected both by scientists and fellow creationists as fundamentally flawed.<ref name="CMIIntegrity"/><ref name="talkorigins"/> Hovind's conditions would require a claimant not only to prove the theory of evolution, but also ], ] and ], and additionally prove that no gods could possibly exist.<ref name=talkorigins>{{cite web|url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind.html|title=Kent Hovind's $250,000 Offer|publisher=]|first=John|last=Pieret|date=July 18, 2002|access-date=June 18, 2009}}</ref> The judges would be hand-picked without assurances that they would be unbiased or qualified to assess the merit of claims, and it is possible that no panel was convened when a claim was submitted. Some forms of evidence would be excluded prior to judging.<ref name="Isaak2007">{{cite book|last=Isaak|first=Mark |title=The Counter-creationism Handbook|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dGFJXLEWogEC&pg=PA29|date=January 2007|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-24926-4|pages=29–30}}</ref> | |||
] dismissed the challenge as a gimmick.<ref name="MooreDecker2008"/>{{rp|172–3}} A 2005 challenge on '']'' offered $250,000 to anyone who could prove that the ] (the deity of a parody religion constructed to make a point about giving time to alternative views on evolution) was not the father of Jesus.<ref>{{cite news | title='Spaghetti Monster' is noodling around with faith | first=Dan | last=Vergano | periodical= USA Today | date= March 26, 2006 | url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/tech/science/2006-03-26-spaghetti-monster_x.htm | access-date=May 16, 2015}}</ref> | |||
=== Political activity === | |||
In 1999, a ] pastor asked the school board to consider adding Creationism to the curriculum. The school board chairman's actions raised issues when, in his capacity as a citizen, he helped fund a series of seminars by Hovind, but he was within ethical guidelines. More controversy was raised when a school employee was sent to videotape the lectures, although without intention for rebroadcast.<ref>{{Citation|last= Ayres|first=Annette|date=December 2, 1999|title=Ethics Question Arises from Creationism|newspaper=Bradenton Herald|page=Local 1}}</ref> Ultimately, there was no curriculum change.<ref>{{cite book|last=Haught|first=Brandon |title=Going Ape: Florida's Battles Over Evolution in the Classroom|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coRmngEACAAJ|year=2014|publisher=University Press of Florida|isbn=978-0-8130-4943-4|pages=145–7}}</ref> | |||
Hovind was criticized for his involvement with ] ]'s Anti-Evolution Bill in 2001 (House Bill 2548).<ref name="Hovindconnection">Don Michael, "The Hovind connection: Check your facts, legislators." ''Northwest Arkansas Times''. April 5, 2001</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/news/2003/04/potential-anti-evolution-legislation-louisiana-00400 | title=Potential anti-evolution legislation in Louisiana | publisher=] |date= April 24, 2003 | access-date = February 19, 2007}}</ref> This bill "would have required that when public schools refer to evolution that it be identified as an unproven theory." Opponents of the bill worried that it would subject Arkansas to the same type of derision that occurred when the state's balanced-treatment law was struck down in '']''.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nwanews.com/adg/News/159282/ | title='Extremist' Holt? Well, depends on who's asked| publisher=] | date= July 2, 2006 | first=Michael| last=Wickline | access-date = October 19, 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060716110826/http://www.nwanews.com/adg/News/159282/ |archive-date = July 16, 2006}}</ref> Holt called upon Hovind as an expert who "testified for Holt before the State Agencies and Governmental Affairs Committee, alleging much of the information pertaining to evolution in our science textbooks is false."<ref name="Hovindconnection"/> | |||
In 2007, ] added a $100,000 ] in a ] appropriations bill, directed towards the ] "to develop a plan to promote better science education". Their website included a document, {{"'}}A Battle Plan—Practical Steps to Combat Evolution' by Kent Hovind". After a reporter's inquiries, the document, which called evolution "not a harmless theory but a dangerous religious belief" and blamed it for atrocities by ], ], and ], was removed from their website. The earmark was withdrawn from the bill.<ref name="Blumenthal2010"/><ref>{{cite journal |title=The Rise and Fall of the Vitter Earmark |first=Glenn |last=Branch |url=http://ncse.com/rncse/27/5-6/rise-fall-vitter-earmark |journal=Reports of the National Center for Science Education (Online Edition) | publisher=] |date=September–December 2007 | volume=27 | number=5–6 | pages=9–12 |access-date=April 30, 2015}}</ref> | |||
=== Chick tracts === | |||
The most widely distributed antievolution work, ''Big Daddy?'',<ref name="MooreDecker2008Chick">{{cite book|last1=Moore|first1=Randy |last2=Decker|first2=Mark D. |title=More Than Darwin: An Encyclopedia of the People and Places of the Evolution-creationism Controversy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zBI7AQAAIAAJ|year=2008|publisher=Greenwood Press|isbn=978-0-313-34155-7|pages=55–7|chapter=Jack Chick (b. 1924)}}</ref> was first published in 1972<ref group="notes">There may also be a 1970 version.</ref><ref name="WorldOfChick">{{cite book|author= R.B.F. (Robert B. Fowler) |title=The World of Chick?|year=2001|publisher=]|isbn=0-86719-512-6|pages=2–9}}</ref> and revised several times; it is one of the controversial ]s, comic strips intended to convert people to ].<ref name="Burack2008">{{cite book|last=Burack|first=Cynthia |title=Sin, Sex, and Democracy: Antigay Rhetoric and the Christian Right|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=28AuhrNkqfIC&pg=PA54|date=April 17, 2008|publisher=SUNY Press|isbn=978-0-7914-7406-8|pages=54–63}}</ref> Material from Hovind was incorporated into the 2000 revision.<ref name="WorldOfChick"/><ref>, tract from Chick Publications.</ref><ref>Article from Chick Publications ''Battle Cry'' July/August 2000 Newsletter, </ref> | |||
=== Miscellaneous === | |||
Hovind believes that the ] is the ].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8_SU-qKlig | title=Why use the King James Version (KJV) of the Bible? | website=] | date=February 23, 2021 }}</ref> | |||
== Politics and conspiracy theories == | |||
Hovind has made controversial remarks regarding conspiracies, science, creation, equal rights, religion, and government. His presentations on creationism and evolution are a mix of ] and ].<ref name="ShermerHovind"/> His creationist presentations have asserted that ] is not taught in public schools due to a ], established by ] and involving ] and ], the ], the ], the ] (which he calls "the American Communist Lawyers Union"), U.S. government officials, business leaders, and social activists. In May 1999, he claimed "the implementation of the NWO's world-domination plan was May 5, 2000."<ref name="Holley2015"/><ref name="Delphia">{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/rncse/19/5/dr-dino-does-delphia | title=Dr Dino Does 'Delphia | publisher=] |year= 1999 | access-date = February 19, 2007}}</ref> | |||
Hovind has promoted several conspiracy theories about the U.S. government. He has ] the ]<ref name="Blumenthal2010">{{cite book|author=Max Blumenthal|title=Republican Gomorrah: Inside the Movement that Shattered the Party|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Oa-TsVnbYUIC&pg=PA180|date=July 13, 2010|publisher=Nation Books|isbn=978-1-56858-417-1|page=180}}</ref> and the ].<ref name="MooreDecker2008"/> Regarding ]s, Hovind recommends books by conspiracy theorists who believe "some UFO's are U.S. Government experiments with electrogravitic propulsion as opposed to jet propulsion, while others are Satanic apparitions."<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=faq&specific=37 | title=What about UFO's? | publisher= DrDino.com (Archived) |year= 2003 | access-date=November 11, 2001 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20030618222837/http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=faq&specific=37 | archive-date=June 18, 2003}}</ref><ref name="DinosaursExistGuardian">"Alberta: Evangelist says dinosaurs existed in God's world," ], December 2, 2000</ref> The ] (SPLC) criticized Hovind for referring followers to books by ],<ref name="SPLC2004"/> a ] who has been convicted of tax evasion multiple times.<ref>{{Citation| last=Stratton | first=Jeff | date=February 1, 2011 | title=The Evaders | periodical=Seattle Weekly News | url=http://www.seattleweekly.com/2011-02-02/news/the-evaders/ | access-date=April 4, 2015 }}</ref> The SPLC has criticized Hovind for "point his followers to '']'', popular among ], and to ''Media Bypass'', an antigovernment magazine with strong ] leanings",<ref name="SPLC2004"/> and for selling of books such as ]'s '']'' and Peter Kershaw's '']'', and recommending '']'', a well-known ] hoax.<ref name="radicalreligion"/> | |||
Hovind claims that the ]-releasing compound ] is a "]" which the U.S. government is conspiring to suppress<ref name="CSICOP"/><ref>{{cite journal |author=American Cancer Society |title=Unproven methods of cancer management. Laetrile |journal=CA Cancer J Clin |volume=41 |issue=3 |pages=187–92 |year=1991 |pmid=1902140 |doi=10.3322/canjclin.41.3.187|s2cid=5932239 |doi-access=free }}</ref> and that diseases including ], ], ], and ] and ] were engineered by "the money masters and governments of the world" for the purpose of global economic domination.<ref name="Blumenthal2010"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=53 | title=Man Made Plagues | publisher= DrDino.com (archived) |date= July 28, 2001 | first=Kent | last=Hovind | access-date =August 17, 2009 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20040225004330/http://www.drdino.com/cse.asp?pg=articles&specific=53 | archive-date= February 25, 2004}}</ref> He has denounced ] as "evil and contrary to God's law",<ref name="radicalreligion">{{cite web|url=https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2001/creationism-gets-dash-anti-semitism |year=2001|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|title=Radical Religion: Creationism gets a dash of anti-Semitism|access-date=April 14, 2006}}</ref> and called ] a communist conspiracy.<ref name="DinosaursExistGuardian"/> | |||
In his lectures, he claimed that the United States government was implanting ] into people allowing them to be tracked by satellite,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.royalse.com/scroll/evolve/ch4p5ng.html | title=Unmasking the False Religion of Evolution, Based on the fact filled, and exciting seminars of Dr. Kent Hovind, Chapter 4: Evolution, the Foundation For Communism, Nazism and Socialism (part 5) |website= DrDino.com | publisher= Creation Science Evangelism |year= 1999 |first1=Robert T. |last1=Weaver |first2=Shirley |last2=Norris| access-date=November 11, 2001 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20010312054117/http://www.royalse.com/scroll/evolve/ch4p5ng.html | archive-date= March 12, 2001}}</ref> even though the transponder range made that impossible.<ref name="MarkoftheBeastBS">{{cite magazine | url=http://archive.wired.com/culture/lifestyle/news/1996/12/1126 | title=BS Detector: Mark of the Beast in an Implantable Microchip | magazine=] |date= December 23, 1996 | first=Mark | last=Frauenfelder | access-date = May 31, 2015}}</ref> On his website, Hovind associated the ] with the ], and wrote that there were reports of people paying for groceries by having their hands scanned in 1999.<ref name="Forrest"/><ref name="radicalreligion"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drdino.com/FAQs/FAQmisc9.htm |title=Miscellaneous Questions and Answers: What about the Mark of the Beast? |date=November 8, 1999 |website=drdino.com |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20000622120807/http://www.drdino.com/FAQs/FAQmisc9.htm |archive-date=June 22, 2000}}</ref> | |||
== YouTube copyright controversy == | |||
] | |||
On September 16, 2007, the ] (RRS) complained that Creation Science Evangelism was filing spurious ] requests that had caused RRS ] videos to be taken down and the RRS YouTube account to be banned.<ref name="WiredHovind">{{cite magazine | url=http://archive.wired.com/entertainment/theweb/news/2007/09/youtube_dmca | title=YouTube Supports "Fraudulent" Creationist DMCA Claim | magazine=] |date= September 16, 2007 | access-date =December 9, 2015 | first=Rob | last=Beschizza}}</ref> In response to the copyright claims, the RRS threatened a lawsuit.<ref name="RRS">{{cite news | url=http://www.rationalresponders.com/forum/rational_response_squad_alerts/rational_response_squad_alerts/9978 | title=We're Ready to Help Sue Creation Science Evangelism | publisher=] |date= September 14, 2007 | access-date =September 17, 2007}}</ref><ref name="Christian Post">{{cite news |url=https://www.christianpost.com/news/atheists-blast-creationists-in-copyright-battle-29487/ |title=Atheists Blast Creationists in Copyright Battle |newspaper=The Christian Post |date=September 28, 2007 |last=Black |first=Nathan |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150105052944/http://www.christianpost.com/article/20070928/29487_Atheists_Blast_Creationists_in_Copyright_Battle.htm |archive-date=January 5, 2015 |access-date=May 26, 2018 |url-status=unfit}}</ref> | |||
At the time of the complaints, the CSE's website indicated the videos were not copyrighted, and the CSE encouraged copying and distributing them.<ref name="WiredHovind"/> Five days later, the CSE copyright page was changed to say that copied material must be left unedited.<ref name="Ars Technica">{{cite web | url=https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070919-dr-dino-uses-dmca-takedowns-on-critics-admits-to-mistakes.html | title=Creationists, atheists battle over copyrights, criticism, and the DMCA| website=Ars Technica |date= September 19, 2007 | first=Nate | last=Anderson | access-date =September 27, 2009}}</ref> According to a spokesperson for the ], CSE's claim was "clearly bogus",<ref name="WiredHovind September 25">{{cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.com/entertainment/theweb/news/2007/09/youtube_dmca | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131229174739/http://www.wired.com/entertainment/theweb/news/2007/09/youtube_dmca | archive-date=December 29, 2013 | title=Creationist vs. Atheist YouTube War Marks New Breed of Copyright Claim | magazine=] |date= September 25, 2007 |access-date =September 25, 2007}}</ref> and as of September 25, 2007, the Rational Response Squad account had been reinstated, and some of the videos had been put back online.<ref name="WiredHovind September 25"/> | |||
== Legal issues == | |||
=== Escambia County (2002–2006) === | |||
On 9 February 1969, Hovind has said that he "accepted ] as <nowiki></nowiki> personal Savior". He graduated from East Peoria High School in 1971. In 1974 he graduated from ] with a ] in ]. Hovind is married and has three children and 4 grandchildren. | |||
<!-- There is a link to this section by the "see below" in the "Dinosaur Adventure Land" section. If the title of this section is changed, please correct the link. --> | |||
On August 15, 2002, Hovind was arrested for assault, battery, and burglary in an incident with a CSE secretary. The charges were dropped in December.<ref name="CSICOP"/><ref name="MooreDecker2008"/><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518085813/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml/xmlBM.asp?ucase_id=224589 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, December 9, 2002. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211085500/http://www.clerk.co.escambia.fl.us/ |date=February 11, 2005 }}. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> | |||
Between 1975 and 1988 Hovind was a pastor and a high school science teacher. In 1989, Hovind started his Creation Science Evangelism desipte having no academic background in science. | |||
On September 13, 2002, Hovind was charged with failure to observe county zoning regulations for Dinosaur Adventure Land, a ].<ref name="CSICOP"/> In April 2006, the Dinosaur Adventure Land buildings were closed by county officials, and the ] found the owners in contempt, ordering fines of $500 for each day the buildings were used.<ref name="ParkExtinction">{{cite news|url=http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060407/NEWS01/604070340/1006 |title=Park could face extinction: Lack of building permits closes dinosaur museum |publisher=] |date=April 7, 2006 |first=William |last=Rabb |access-date=October 17, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060713021808/http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060407%2FNEWS01%2F604070340%2F1006 |archive-date=July 13, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hovind argued he did not need a permit due to the nature of the building, but after a 5-year court battle over the $50 building permit, on June 5, 2006, Hovind pleaded '']'' as charged to three counts: constructing a building without a permit, refusing to sign a citation,<ref name=mm023489a> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091322/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml/xmlBM.asp?ucase_id=1112914 |date=May 18, 2015 }} decided June 5, 2006, recorded by {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215317/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/clerk/coc_online_public_records.aspx |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> and violating the county building code.<ref name="ParkExtinction"/><ref name=mm026670a> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092834/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml/xmlBM.asp?ucase_id=558768 |date=May 18, 2015 }} decided June 5, 2006, recorded by {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215317/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/clerk/coc_online_public_records.aspx |date=October 4, 2013 }}. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> Hovind paid fines totaling $675.<ref name=mm023489a/><ref name=mm026670a/> | |||
In 2002, he was charged with one count of felony assault, one count misdemeanor battery, and one count assault and burglary (Case Number 2002 CF 004020 A ). | |||
=== Federal civil tax matters, bankruptcy, and renouncing citizenship (1996–2006) === | |||
After the Internet came into common household use, Hovind created his "Dr. Dino" web site and began producing articles and information as well as selling his products — video tapes, books, fossil replicas, etc. — to a mass market. None of his material is ]ed and he encourages people to copy his material and distribute it to others. His efficient use of the web site led to increased fame and numerous public speaking engagements. | |||
Hovind was originally reported to the Internal Revenue Service by ] senior vice President Rebekah Horton in the mid-1990s, after she learned of Hovind's anti-tax stand.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748329211.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+20%2C+2006&author=Angela+Fail&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Christian+College+leader+says+taxes+are+part+of+religion | title=Christian College leader says taxes are part of religion: Hovind argues God's workers are exempt | publisher=] | date=October 20, 2006 | first=Angela | last=Fail | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033618/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748329211.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+20%2C+2006&author=Angela+Fail&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Christian+College+leader+says+taxes+are+part+of+religion | url-status=dead }}</ref> Hovind's organization had neither business licenses nor tax-exempt status,<ref name="ParkFinance">{{cite news | url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/04/18/State/Biblical_theme_park_s.shtml | title=Biblical theme park's finances investigated |date=April 18, 2004 | access-date=April 17, 2015 | periodical=Saint Petersburg Times | agency=Associated Press}}</ref> nor was it considered a church by people who worked there.<ref name="begins">{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748327931.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+18%2C+2006&author=Angela+Fail&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Evangelist%27s+trial+begins | title=Evangelist's trial begins: Dinosaur Adventure Land owner, wife face 58 counts of tax fraud | publisher=] | date=October 18, 2006 | first=Angela | last=Fail | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033927/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748327931.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+18%2C+2006&author=Angela+Fail&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Evangelist%27s+trial+begins | url-status=dead }} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref><ref name="employees">{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748328811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+19%2C+2006&author=Amy+Sowder&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Employees+testify+in+%27Dr.+Dino%27+tax+trial | title=Workers testify in 'Dr. Dino' trial | publisher=] | date=October 19, 2006 | first=Amy | last=Sowder | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033916/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748328811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+19%2C+2006&author=Amy+Sowder&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Employees+testify+in+%27Dr.+Dino%27+tax+trial | url-status=dead }}</ref> The ministry's organizational structure was described by the ] as appearing to be "based on various questionable trust documents purchased from Glen Stoll, a known promoter of tax avoidance schemes", leading the Court to conclude that Hovind used these trust documents as well as other fraudulent means to conceal the ownership and control of his activities and properties.<ref name="TCM2006-143"/> | |||
Hovind speaks at hundreds of churches, schools, and other venues each year and he has been a featured speaker at many of the ]s. His audiences often number in the hundreds or even the thousands. His son, Eric, has lately engaged in similar speaking engagements, although attendance may be much lower for his events. | |||
According to the IRS, Hovind earned $50,000 a year through speaking engagements,<ref group="notes">In 2004, Hovind told ''The New York Times'' that he had 700 speaking engagements per year.</ref><ref name="DarwinfreeNYT"/> and in 2002 alone, CSE sold more than $1.8 million in merchandise.<ref>{{cite news | title=IRS agent testifies in Hovind trial, Case could go to jury Thursday | publisher=] | date=October 31, 2006 | first=Nicole | last=Lozare | url=http://archive.pnj.com/article/20061031/NEWS01/610310326/IRS-agent-testifies-Hovind-trial | access-date=April 28, 2015 | archive-date=May 27, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150527150242/http://archive.pnj.com/article/20061031/NEWS01/610310326/IRS-agent-testifies-Hovind-trial | url-status=dead }}</ref> On average, Hovind made bank deposits in excess of $1 million each year,<ref name="investigated">{{cite news | url=http://www.sptimes.com/2004/04/18/State/Biblical_theme_park_s.shtml | title=Biblical theme park's finances investigated|newspaper=] |date=April 18, 2004 | access-date = August 18, 2006}}</ref> and eventually that grew to about $2 million a year.<ref name="hardtobelive">{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748336851.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+3%2C+2006&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Hard+to+believe+a+man+with+a+Ph.D+didn%27t+know+of+a+basic+tax+law | title=Hard to believe a man with a Ph.D didn't know of a basic tax law | publisher=] | date=November 3, 2006 | first=Mark | last=O'Brien | access-date=October 3, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033718/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748336851.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+3%2C+2006&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Hard+to+believe+a+man+with+a+Ph.D+didn%27t+know+of+a+basic+tax+law | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Mark |last=O'Brien |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1736553751.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+21%2C+2007&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Earth+to+%27Dr.+Dino%27%3A+Please+pay+your+taxes+and+start+facing+reality |title=Earth to 'Dr. Dino': Please pay your taxes and start facing reality |publisher=] |date=January 21, 2007 |access-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033901/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1736553751.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+21%2C+2007&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Earth+to+%27Dr.+Dino%27%3A+Please+pay+your+taxes+and+start+facing+reality |url-status=dead }}</ref> About half that income went to employees who were salaried or were paid hourly wages. However, Hovind derived "substantial revenue" from these activities that appeared to be "income to personally".<ref name="TCM2006-143">''Hovind v. Commissioner'', {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126012114/http://www.ustaxcourt.gov/inophistoric/hovind.tcm.wpd.pdf |date=January 26, 2017 }}, CCH December 56,562(M) (2006).</ref> | |||
=== Education === | |||
{{Wikisource|The Hovind Bankruptcy Decision}} | |||
] claims that Hovind´s lack of scientific training makes it impossible to engage him on a professional level . Hovind was awarded a masters's degree and doctorate in "Christian Education" from the ] college (]) ] (now Patriot Bible University) in 1988 and 1991 respectively. | |||
On March 1, 1996, Hovind filed a Chapter 13 ] petition to avoid paying federal ], claiming he was not a citizen of the United States and that he did not earn income.<ref name="Bankruptcy">''In re Hovind'', case no. 96-04256, U.S. Bankr. Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.), 197 B.R. 157 (Bankr. N.D. Fla. 1996), at .</ref> He claimed that as a minister, everything he owned belonged to ] and he was not subject to paying taxes for doing God's work.<ref name="Brunson2018">{{cite book|author=Samuel D. Brunson|title=God and the IRS: Accommodating Religious Practice in United States Tax Law|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vHVSDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA56|date=April 19, 2018|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-316-82116-9|pages=56–57}}</ref> On June 5, 1996, the Court dismissed Hovind's bankruptcy case, finding he had lied about his possessions and income. The court upheld the IRS's determination that his claim "was filed in bad faith for the sole purpose of avoiding payment of federal income taxes" and called Hovind's arguments "patently absurd". It also said that "the IRS has no record of the debtor ever having filed a federal income tax return."<ref name="Bankruptcy"/> | |||
Critics of Hovind have charged that Patriot Bible University is a ] as it has unreasonably low graduation requirements, lack of sufficient faculty or educational standards, and a suspicious tuition scheme, among other issues. The college itself has claimed that it simply does not "choose" to be accredited by standard associations . Patriot Bible University is authorized to operate as a ] and to legally issue ]s by the . | |||
In 1998, the IRS requested account information about Hovind from an internet provider after Hovind made claims on an internet broadcast about his own ], going back to the 1970s. When the provider initially balked, the courts granted a subpoena on the basis that the IRS could demonstrate that Hovind had received income but had filed no income tax returns going back to 1991.<ref name="Baruh2007">{{cite journal | last=Baruh | first=Lemi | title=Read at your own risk: shrinkage of privacy and interactive media | journal=New Media & Society | volume=9 | issue=2 | year=2007 | pages=187–211 |issn=1461-4448 |doi=10.1177/1461444807072220| s2cid=34640198 }}</ref> In 2003, Hovind would tell ''The New York Times'', "I haven't filed a tax return in 30 years."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/02/technology/your-own-affair-more-vcr-or-less-mp3.html | title=Your Own Affair, More (VCR) or Less (MP3) | newspaper=The New York Times |date= October 2, 2003 | access-date = February 27, 2015}}</ref> | |||
Patriot Bible University will not send copies of Hovind's doctoral dissertation to anyone for review. This is highly unusual because doctoral dissertations are normally published by the associated university and made available to the public through either hard-copy publication or electronic distribution. This is so that other students conducting research in similar areas may use the information provided by the dissertation as a reference. However, some have seen it and critics have varying opinions of it. One copy is on file at the ] (NCSE) in ]. They will not send it either, due to copyright and distribution restrictions, but people may view it at their facility. | |||
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind 2005 Affidavit}} | |||
People who read his disseration say it is "incomplete," not of academic standard, poorly writen, and contains grammatical errors of a high school level student. The lack of quaility was described, in part, by the fact that "the pages are not numbered; there is no title; of sixteen or so chapters in the index only the first four are finished; misspellings are rampant ("Immerged" for emerged and "epic" for epoch just as a couple of examples); and the single illustration was apparently cut out of a science book with scissors and fastened to the thesis with glue or tape." | |||
On May 13, 1998, Hovind and his wife filed a "Power of Attorney and Revocation of Signature" document in ] which would nullify any of their promises, debts, or legal agreements made prior to April 15, 1998. The Hovinds claimed they had signed government documents "due to the use of various elements of fraud and misrepresentations, duress, coercion, under perjury, mistake, 'bankruptcy'," and argued that ] is a "]". The document referred to the ] as "the 'bankrupt' corporate government", renounced the Hovinds' ] and ]s to become "a natural citizen of 'America' and a natural sojourner", and referred to their home state of Florida as "the State of Florida Body-Politic Corporation."<ref name="PowerofAttorney"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092851/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=1998483189 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, May 5, 1998. Filed with {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211085500/http://www.clerk.co.escambia.fl.us/ |date=February 11, 2005 }} as Instrument #1998483189. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> Judges and the IRS did not appear to honor this as a legally relevant document in future decisions.<ref name="pleads"/> In 2002, Hovind was again delinquent in paying his taxes, and unsuccessfully sued the IRS for harassment.<ref name="pleads">{{cite news|url=http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060718/NEWS01/607180319/1006 |title=Park owner pleads not guilty to tax fraud: Evangelist says he's owned by God |publisher=] |date=July 18, 2006 |first=Michael |last=Stewart |access-date=August 17, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060721005125/http://www.pensacolanewsjournal.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=%2F20060718%2FNEWS01%2F607180319%2F1006 |archive-date=July 21, 2006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Kent Hovind has been criticized for using the title Ph.D without mentioning it is in Christian Education. Under Florida state law, Hovind can only use his title if he "clearly identifies the religious character of the educational program". However, since his offical website is www.'''dr'''dino.com, some believe he has not done so. Furthermore, unlike most doctors, Hovind is listed in the phone book as "Dr." | |||
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind v Scott Schneider}} | |||
=== Tax evasion === | |||
At various times, the government alleged that Hovind had not filed personal U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 1989 through 1997.<ref>''In re Hovind'', 197 B.R. 157 (Bankr. N.D. Fla. 1996); ''Hovind v. Commissioner'', T.C. Memo 2006-143, CCH Dec. 56,562(M) (2006).</ref> In the spring of 2004, the IRS conducted an audit and criminal investigation regarding Hovind's unfiled personal Federal income tax for 1995 through 1997.<ref name="TCM2006-143"/> IRS agent Scott Schneider said, "Since 1997, Hovind has engaged in financial transactions indicating sources of income and has made deposits to bank accounts well in excess of $1 million per year during some of these years, which would require the filing of federal income taxes."<ref name="ParkFinance"/> On June 3, 2004, the IRS executed a search warrant on Hovind's home and businesses to confiscate financial records and attempt to deliver notices of Federal ]s of $504,957.24, which Hovind refused to accept.<ref name="TCM2006-143"/><ref> ''Christianity Today'' April 19, 2004</ref><ref name="taxliens">The following instruments were recorded by the {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050211085500/http://www.clerk.co.escambia.fl.us/ |date=February 11, 2005 }} on June 3, 2004: {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092917/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2004247800 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092856/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2004247801 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092901/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2004247804 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092915/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2004247805 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, , {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092932/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2004247812 |date=May 18, 2015 }}. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref> Agents confiscated $42,000 in cash found in various places in the residence. Six guns were present, including an ] semiautomatic rifle.<ref name="pleads"/> That day, Hovind withdrew $70,000 from the CSE bank account, half in cash.<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite news | title='Dr. Dino,' wife guilty | publisher=] | date=November 2, 2006 | first=Nicole | last=Lozare | url=http://archive.pnj.com/article/20061102/NEWS01/611020330/-Dr-Dino-wife-guilty | access-date=April 28, 2015 | archive-date=May 18, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518102401/http://archive.pnj.com/article/20061102/NEWS01/611020330/-Dr-Dino-wife-guilty | url-status=dead }} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref> | |||
In 1996 Hovind unsuccessfully filed for ] to avoid paying federal ]es. Hovind was found to have lied about his possessions and income. He claimed that as a minister of God everything he owns belonged to God and he is not subject to paying taxes to the United States on the money he received for doing God's work (citing US tax code §508(c)(1)(a)). The court ordered him to pay the money and supported the ] view that Hovind's claim "was filed in bad faith for the sole purpose of avoiding payment of federal income taxes." In the ruling, the judge called Hovind's arguments "patently absurd." The judge also noted that "the IRS has no record of the debtor ever having filed a federal income tax return," although this was not the court's reason for denying the bankruptcy claim. | |||
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind v Commissioner of Internal Revenue}} | |||
On May 13, 1998, Hovind and his wife attempted to evade all responsibility for any previous promises, debts, or legal agreements made prior to April 15, 1998, by filing a document called "Power of Attorney and Revocation of Signature" with the ] Clerk of Courts. The document reads, in part: "I/we do hereby revoke and make void... all signatures on any instruments...". The Hovinds claimed they had signed government documents "due to the use of various elements of fraud and misrepresentations, duress, coercion, under perjury, mistake, 'bankruptcy'." | |||
On July 7, 2006, the ] found that Hovind was deficient in paying his federal income taxes in 1995–1997, totaling $520,099. The Tax Court ruled that the IRS had a valid ] on Hovind's property and said that Hovind's defense was based on "bizarre arguments, some of which constitute ] involving excise taxes and the alleged '100% voluntary' nature of the income tax."<ref name="TCM2006-143"/> With penalties, he owed $3.3 million for tax years 1998–2006 by 2013.<ref name="PayTaxes2013">{{cite news | title='Dr. Dino' ordered to pay taxes, penalties | last=Heisig | first=Eric | date=May 23, 2013 | periodical=Pensacola News Journal | url=http://www.pnj.com/article/20130523/NEWS01/305230028/-Dr-Dino-ordered-pay-taxes-penalties}} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref><ref> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011085329/https://www.ustaxcourt.gov/UstcDockInq/DocumentViewer.aspx?IndexID=6019947 |date=October 11, 2016 }}, United States Tax Court, Docket 4245-10. May 15, 2003.</ref> Jo Hovind was ordered to pay $1.6 million.<ref name="TCM2012-281"/><ref name="PayTaxes2013"/> | |||
In the document, the Hovinds argue that ] is essentially a "]" (many ] and ] economists agree, e.g. ]). The Hovinds referred to the ] as "the 'bankrupt' corporate government" and said they were revoking their ], saying they were each "a natural citizen of 'America' and a natural sojourner." They referred to their home state of Florida as "the State of Florida Body-Politic Corporation." Judges and the IRS did not appear to honor this as a legally relevant document in future decisions. | |||
=== Federal criminal tax-related trial and convictions in 2006 === | |||
In 2001 Hovind started ], a YEC-] in ], ]. | |||
On July 11, 2006, Hovind was ] on 58 counts in the ] in Pensacola. The first 12 counts were charges for willful failure to collect, account for, and pay over federal income taxes and ] taxes in connection with the CSE operation, totaling $473,818 for the 12 fiscal quarters of 2001–2003. The next 45 counts were charges for knowingly structuring transactions by making multiple cash withdrawals totaling $430,500 in amounts just under the $10,000 which requires reporting (a technique known as "]"), for which his wife was also charged. The last count was a charge of corruptly endeavoring to obstruct and impede the administration of the internal revenue laws by falsely listing the IRS as his only creditor when filing for bankruptcy, filing a false and frivolous lawsuit against the IRS in which he demanded damages for criminal trespass, making threats of harm to those investigating him and to those who might consider cooperating with the investigation, filing a false complaint against IRS agents investigating him, filing a false criminal complaint against IRS special agents (criminal investigators), and destroying records.<ref>, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida, Pensacola Division, case no. 3:06CR83/MCR (July 11, 2006).</ref><ref name="arrested">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1755911431.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+14%2C+2006&author=Michael+Stewart&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Evangelist+arrested+on+federal+charges | title= Evangelist arrested on federal charges | publisher=] | date= July 14, 2006| first=Michael | last=Stewart |access-date=April 10, 2015 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033638/https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1755911431.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+14%2C+2006&author=Michael+Stewart&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Evangelist+arrested+on+federal+charges |archive-date= March 9, 2013 }} </ref><ref name="arrested2">{{cite news | title=58 charges against anti-evolution speaker | publisher=] | date= July 20, 2006 | first=Christina | last=Kauffmann}}</ref> Because of reports of weapons on the Hovind property, the indictment was originally sealed for fear of danger to the arresting agents.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://ncse.com/news/2006/07/kent-hovind-arrested-federal-charges-00795| title=Kent Hovind arrested on federal charges | publisher=] | date= July 14, 2006 | access-date = October 18, 2006}}</ref> | |||
In 2002 Hovind was again in trouble for not paying his taxes, and unsuccessfully sued the United States Internal Revenue Service for harassment. In 2004, IRS agents raided Hovind's home and business to confiscate financial records. IRS agent Scott Schneider said none of Hovind's businesses had a business license, nor tax-emempt status. The Associated Press quoted Schneider as saying "Since 1997, Hovind has engaged in financial transactions indicating sources of income and has made deposits to bank accounts well in excess of $1 million per year during some of these years, which would require the filing of federal income taxes." On June 3 2004, the IRS issued tax ]s of $504,957.24 against Hovind and his son and their businesses. A separate lien was filed for each, due to previous legal maneuverings on the part of the elder Hovind to evade taxation by moving property between himself, his son, and other legal entities. | |||
{{Wikisource|United States of America v Kent Hovind and Jo Hovind}} | |||
== Theology == | |||
At ], Hovind claimed incomprehension to the charges, telling the court: "I still don't understand what I'm being charged for and who is charging me."<ref name="arrested"/> The presiding ] asked Hovind if he wrote and spoke English, to which Hovind responded, "To some degree." The judge replied that the government adequately explained the allegations and the defendant understands the charges "whether you want to admit it or not."<ref>{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1755914471.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+19%2C+2006&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Creationist%27s+fight+with+Uncle+Sam+may+evolve+into+painful+defeat | title=Creationist's fight with Uncle Sam may evolve into painful defeat | publisher=] | date=July 19, 2006 | first=Michael | last=Stewart | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033849/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1755914471.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+19%2C+2006&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Creationist%27s+fight+with+Uncle+Sam+may+evolve+into+painful+defeat | url-status=dead }}</ref> Hovind stated that he did not recognize the government's right to try him on tax-fraud charges. At first he attempted to enter a plea of "subornation of false muster," but then entered a not guilty plea "under duress" when the judge offered to enter a plea for him. When asked about his home, Hovind called it a "church parish", and denied any residence except the "church of Jesus Christ", worldwide.<ref name="pleads"/> Hovind's passport and guns were seized. Hovind protested, arguing that he needed his passport to continue his evangelism work, and that "thousands and thousands" were waiting to hear him preach in South Africa the following month. The court refused to reconsider, accepting the argument that "like-minded people" might secret Hovind away if he left the country.<ref name="arrested"/> | |||
Hovind considers the ] of the ] the inerrant word of God and must be taken literally to its word in context. Because of this, he believes all findings of science will eventually be found to agree with Scripture — which he claims is '']'' known to be truth. He claims that evolutionists also have ''a priori'' assumptions, namely that God does not exist (or at least not one that performed special Creation) thereby distorting their own application of science. | |||
The trial began on October 21, 2006. Hovind hoped to convince a jury that his amusement park admission and merchandise sales, over $5 million from 1999 through March 2004, belonged to God and could not be taxed.<ref name="begins"/> Evidence produced at the trial revealed that Jo Hovind had requested financial assistance from Baptist Healthcare by claiming that the Hovinds had no income.<ref name="PNJdenyincome"/> IRS agents told the court how Hovind had attempted "bullying tactics" and had sued the government three times to pressure them to stop investigating. The lawsuits had been thrown out.<ref name="begins"/> The prosecution countered attempts to describe workers as missionaries, ministers, and volunteers, introducing memos in which they had been called employees. Workers testified that they had to punch time cards, had vacation and sick days, and did not receive ]. After the IRS executed the search warrant, employees were required to sign ]s to remain employed.<ref name="employees"/> A lawyer who did work for a non-profit Christian organization testified that Hovind claimed to have "beat" the tax system and that he favored cash transactions because they were untraceable and, consequently, untaxable.<ref name="detailedactions">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748332621.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+21%2C+2006&author=Michael+Stewart&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Lawyer%3A+Hovind+detailed+actions |title=Lawyer: Hovind detailed actions: Evangelist said he 'beat the system' |first=Michael |last=Stewart |publisher=Pensacola News Journal |date=October 21, 2006 |access-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033649/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748332621.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+21%2C+2006&author=Michael+Stewart&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Lawyer%3A+Hovind+detailed+actions |url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Hovind is also a staunch advocate of the ], which means he believes in using only the ], claiming that it is the only reliable translation of the word of God for the English-speaking peoples. According to him, many of the numerous other English translations of the Bible are in some way corrupt, not being based on the '']''. For Example in Gen 1:5 some may say "one day." instead of "the first day". He has also mentioned that in the ] bible, over 200 verses have been removed. | |||
Hovind's lawyer engaged in a lengthy ] of the lead IRS investigator,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://secure.pqarchiver.com/pnj/doc/436024111.html?FMT=FT |title=Judge admonishes attorney in Hovind case |newspaper=Pensacola News Journal |date=November 1, 2006 |last=Lozare |first=Nicole |page=A1 |access-date=July 14, 2016}}</ref> and the case ended on November 1 with the defense calling no witnesses.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748335791.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+2%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Hovind+defense+lawyers+call+no+witnesses+in+case | title=Hovind defense lawyers call no witnesses in case | publisher=] | date=November 2, 2006 | first=Nicole | last=Lozare | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033841/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748335791.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+2%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Hovind+defense+lawyers+call+no+witnesses+in+case | url-status=dead }}</ref> After closing arguments were presented on November 2, the jury deliberated three hours before finding the Hovinds guilty on all counts, 58 for Hovind and 45 for his wife.<ref name="WifeSentenced">{{cite news | title=Creationist theme park owner's wife sentenced. | date=June 29, 2007 | url=https://www.foxnews.com/story/creationist-theme-park-owners-wife-sentenced | publisher=Fox News | agency=AP | access-date=April 25, 2015 }}</ref> The '']'' said, "The saddest thing: had they cooperated with the agents, they probably wouldn't be worrying about prison sentences now."<ref name="hardtobelive"/> | |||
== Hovind and other creationists == | |||
=== Sentencing, appeals, and imprisonment (2007–2019) === | |||
Hovind has come into conflict with other young earth creationists, who believe that many of his arguments are invalid and therefore they undermine their cause. One in particular, ] has publicly criticised him , after he had criticised AiG's article . Hovind's supporters say that he simply uses certain arguments a little longer than most of mainstream science will, so he can verify the new information that has supposedly made them obsolete. | |||
After the convictions and pending sentencing, Hovind was incarcerated in the Escambia County Jail as a "danger to the community" and a flight risk.<ref name="Guilty">{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748336821.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+3%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=%27Dr.+Dino%27+guilty+on+all+counts | title='Dr. Dino' guilty on all counts: Couple could get more than 200 years | publisher=] | date=November 3, 2006 | first=Nicole | last=Lozare | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033732/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748336821.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+3%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=%27Dr.+Dino%27+guilty+on+all+counts | url-status=dead }} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref> His wife would remain free until after the appeal.<ref name="sentencesupheld">{{cite news |url=https://www.religionnewsblog.com/23136/kent-hovind-2 |via=Religion News Blog |title=Tax-evasion sentences upheld for 'Dr. Dino' and wife |publisher=] |date=January 8, 2009 |access-date=August 15, 2023 |page=B.2}} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref> | |||
== Hovind and mainstream critics == | |||
On January 19, 2007, Hovind was sentenced to ten years in prison with three years' probation and ordered to pay the federal government restitution of over $600,000. During the sentencing phase, a tearful Hovind, hoping to avoid prison, told the court, "If it's just money the IRS wants, there are thousands of people out there who will help pay the money they want so I can go back out there and preach."<ref name="sentencing">{{cite news | title=10 years for 'Dr. Dino'| publisher=] | date= January 19, 2007| first=Michael | last=Stewart}}</ref> However, Hovind's court room behavior was in stark contrast to phone calls he made while in jail and played by the prosecution.<ref name="Decade">{{cite news | url=http://archive.pnj.com/article/20070120/NEWS01/701200319/A-decade-Dr-Dino-?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+20%2C+2007&author=Michael+Stewart&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=A+decade+for+%27Dr.+Dino%27 | title=A decade for 'Dr. Dino': Kent Hovind gets 10 years for violating federal tax law | publisher=] | date=January 20, 2007 | first=Michael | last=Stewart | access-date=May 2, 2015 }}{{Dead link|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} The story can be found in the collection: as "Kent Hovind gets 10 years for violating federal tax law".</ref> The tapes, posted online by the ''Pensacola News Journal'', included one conversation with Hovind and son Eric, who were planning to hide a motor vehicle title and property deeds to prevent the government from collecting the property to pay for owed debt.<ref name="jailcalls">{{cite web|title=Kent Hovind jail phone calls (2006)|url=https://archive.org/details/KentHovindJailPhoneCalls|access-date=June 17, 2013}}</ref> At sentencing, he denied being a "]",<ref name="Decade"/> but the prosecution,<ref name="begins"/> an IRS spokesman,<ref name="Decade"/> and the ''Pensacola News Journal''<ref name="PNJdenyincome">{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748342811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+31%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Hovinds+deny+having+income | title=Kent and Jo Hovind deny having income | publisher=] | date=October 31, 2006 | first=Nicole | last=Lozare | access-date=April 10, 2015 | archive-date=March 10, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130310124739/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1748342811.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Oct+31%2C+2006&author=Nicole+Lozare&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Hovinds+deny+having+income | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="JoLawBreaker"/> used the term to describe him. | |||
Critics charge that Kent Hovind's creation/evolution presentations are a mix of ], and ]. | |||
On June 29, 2007, Jo Hovind was sentenced to one year of imprisonment, three years of supervision upon release and fined $8,000.<ref name="WifeSentenced"/> In court, Jo Hovind offered explanations for the 45 checks just under $10,000 and for checks cashed before and after the reporting deadline, telling the judge "I really did not have a leadership role in CSE" and finished "I would never knowingly do anything illegal." The judge said that while Hovind was the principal authority at CSE, Jo managed the payroll; she had cashed roughly 200 checks totaling $1.5 million over a four-year period, relying on cash to avoid IRS scrutiny.<ref name="JoLawBreaker"/> The ] denied both appeals on December 30, 2008,<ref name="sentencesupheld"/> and the ] denied '']'' on November 2, 2009.<ref>, November 2, 2009, ''Kent E. Hovind v. United States'', 130 S.Ct. 490 (2009).</ref> | |||
Hovind is mostly known for his debates with evolutionary biology scientists. The best-known contemporary evolutionary biology scientists, ] and the late ], have in the past refused to debate Hovind by claiming that debate is not how science works and gives charlatans more of an advantage than systematic inquiry (see: ]). Hovind disagrees, and feels that they avoid debate simply because the audience will perceive that evolution is not as factual as evolutionists claim it is. | |||
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind's Eleventh Circuit Court Criminal Appeal}} | |||
In Hovind's debates, he traditionally focuses on points that he claims serve to discredit evolutionary theory, ], and ]. He also presents what he claims is evidence for a ], a young earth, and the ]. However, conventional scientists working in the appropriate fields, as well as some young Earth creationists, do not agree with Hovind's assertions. | |||
Hovind appealed the amount of his 2006 U.S. Tax Court ruling on personal income taxes to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, but on July 2, 2007, a three-judge panel denied the appeal, finding that Hovind had failed to raise the issue at the appropriate time.<ref name="11thAppealDenied">{{cite news |url= https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1726814941.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&type=current&date=Jul+4%2C+2007&author=&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Local+Briefs |title= Appeals court upholds sentence in Hovind tax-evasion case |publisher= ] |date= July 4, 2007 |access-date= October 15, 2012 |archive-date= March 9, 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033757/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1726814941.html?FMT=CITE&FMTS=CITE:FT&type=current&date=Jul+4%2C+2007&author=&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Local+Briefs |url-status= dead }} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref> | |||
Another comes as a result of his selling of books such as , and ], widely used as a justification for ]. | |||
In November 2010, Hovind filed a motion in U.S. District Court Northern District of Florida claiming the prosecution and defense erred at various stages of the case;<ref>{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/2201579121.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+1%2C+2010&author=&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Tax+evader+wants+sentence+tossed+out | title=Tax evader wants sentence tossed out | publisher=] | date=December 1, 2010 | access-date=October 19, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033813/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/2201579121.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+1%2C+2010&author=&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=Tax+evader+wants+sentence+tossed+out | url-status=dead }} The story can be found in the collection: </ref> it was denied the following May.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=392593312318248676 | title=United States of America v. Kent E. Hovind | publisher=] | date=May 2, 2011 | access-date = May 4, 2015}}</ref> It was one of at least six motions to dismiss he filed that year on various procedural or constitutional grounds.<ref name="PNJ2019">{{citation |title= 'Dr. Dino' loses latest court battle with federal government |first= Kevin |last= Robinson |work= Pensacola News Journal |date= December 26, 2019 |url= https://www.pnj.com/story/news/2019/12/26/dr-dino-loses-latest-court-battle-federal-government/2741397001/ |access-date= December 27, 2019}}</ref> | |||
== Hovind's $250,000 offer == | |||
In July 2015, Hovind was released to home confinement for roughly one month to finish his prison sentence for his 2006 conviction.<ref>{{cite news | title=Hovind free from jail, back in Pensacola | first=Kevin | last=Robinson | date=July 10, 2015 | periodical=Pensacola News Journal | url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/local/2015/07/10/hovind-free-jail-back-pensacola/29969745/ | access-date=July 10, 2015}}</ref> Almost a year after his release, Hovind said he would continue to fight his conviction and the property seizure.<ref>{{cite news |last= Peacock |first= Lee |date= June 23, 2016 |title= Dr. Dino tells of Lenox plans |newspaper= Evergreen Courant |location= Evergreen, AL |volume=121 |number=39 |page=1 (cont. 12)}}</ref> | |||
Hovind offers USD 250,000 to anyone who can meet the statement, | |||
In October 2019, Hovind filed a ] in the ] without obtaining the required certification from the ]; the motion was dismissed, summarily.<ref name="PNJ2019"/> | |||
:''I have a standing offer of $250,000 to anyone who can give any empirical evidence (scientific proof) for evolution.* My $250,000 offer demonstrates that the hypothesis of evolution is nothing more than a religious belief.'' | |||
=== CSE property forfeitures === | |||
Critics view this to be spurious however, not least because of the conditions which Hovind imposes. The winner would have to convince Hovind of the reality of evolution and would be required to scientifically prove God doesn't exist. The asterisk denotes the terms which he claims show significant gaps in the gradual progression predicted by the theory of evolution: | |||
{{Wikisource|Kent Hovind Property Seizure Ruling}} | |||
:''*NOTE: When I use the word evolution, I am not referring to the minor variations found in all of the various life forms (]). I am referring to the general theory of evolution which believes these five major events took place without God: | |||
::''1. Time, space, and matter came into existence by themselves. | |||
::''2. Planets and stars formed from space dust. | |||
::''3. Matter created life by itself. | |||
::''4. Early life-forms learned to reproduce themselves. | |||
::''5. ] occurred between these diverse life forms (i.e., fish changed to amphibians, amphibians changed to reptiles, and reptiles changed to birds or mammals). | |||
] | |||
Critics argue that this is merely a publicity stunt, that it is deliberately designed to be impossible to win, and that it reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of both science and the ]. Critics say that his description of evolution does not match with the scientific definition and that he conflates evolution with other unrelated issues in the description of his challenge (see Hovind's list of "five major events" above). Furthermore, it would be impossible to prove gravity under the same conditions as Hovind requires. | |||
In 2007, the government placed liens on ten of the Hovinds' properties for money owed<ref name="JoLawBreaker">{{cite news | url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1726805081.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+1%2C+2007&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=She%27s+%27Granny+Jo%27+to+her+family%2C+but+a+lawbreaker+to+the+court | title=She's 'Granny Jo' to her family, but a lawbreaker to the court | publisher=] | date=July 1, 2007 | first=Mark | last=O'Brien | access-date=October 3, 2012 | archive-date=March 9, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033709/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1726805081.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+1%2C+2007&author=Mark+O%27Brien&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=C.1&desc=She%27s+%27Granny+Jo%27+to+her+family%2C+but+a+lawbreaker+to+the+court | url-status=dead }}</ref> following a June 27, 2007, judgment, which included an order that the properties be forfeited under {{usc|18|3613}} for costs of $5,800, a fine of $2000, and restitution of $604,874.87.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2007061225 | title=Instrument #2007061225 Notice of lien | publisher=Escambia County Florida Clerk of the Circuit Court | date=June 27, 2007 | access-date=May 14, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092854/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2007061225 | archive-date=May 18, 2015 | url-status=dead }}</ref> On December 30, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied the Hovinds' appeal and affirmed the convictions and sentences entered by the district court.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/unpub/ops/200710090.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110613074701/http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/unpub/ops/200710090.pdf |archive-date=June 13, 2011 |title=D. C. Docket No. 06-00083-CR-3-MCR |publisher=] |date=December 30, 2008 |access-date=July 17, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Court upholds Hovind convictions | url=http://www.pnj.com/article/20090105/NEWS01/90105023 | publisher=] |date=January 5, 2009}}</ref> Following the appeal, Jo Hovind served her prison term from January 20, 2009,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.cseblogs.com/?p=181 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223180319/http://www.cseblogs.com/?p=181 | archive-date=February 23, 2009 | title=Legal Update| publisher=Creation Science Evangelism blog | date= January 23, 2009 | access-date = June 3, 2007}}</ref> to December 3, 2009.<ref name="JoDeliaHovindinmatefinder">{{cite web | url=http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&LastName=hovind&Middle=&FirstName=jo&Race=W&Sex=F&Age=&x=22&y=26 | title=Locate a Federal Inmate: Jo Delia Hovind, prisoner number 06453-017 | publisher=] | year=2008 | access-date=May 17, 2007 | archive-date=September 29, 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929111537/http://www.bop.gov/iloc2/InmateFinderServlet?Transaction=NameSearch&needingMoreList=false&LastName=hovind&Middle=&FirstName=jo&Race=W&Sex=F&Age=&x=22&y=26 | url-status=dead }}</ref> | |||
Some creationists also do not approve of Hovind's offer. ] said they "would prefer that creationists refrained from gimmicks like this." | |||
In 2008, Eric Hovind and Glen Stoll, an individual who has been associated with the ] organization and who has falsely claimed to be a lawyer,<ref>, case no. 2:05-cv-00262-RSM, United States District Court for the Western District of Washington (Seattle Div.); June 27, 2005.</ref> attempted to prevent the forfeitures of Hovind's ten properties, including Dinosaur Adventure Land, in connection with the federal tax problems.<ref name="DALex">{{cite news |url=https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1713624411.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+20%2C+2008&author=Kris+Weowsky&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Feds+still+looking+to+force+Kent+Hovind%27s+Dinosaur+Adventure+Land+into+extinction |title=Feds still looking to force Dinosaur Adventure Land into extinction |first=Kris |last=Wernowsky |publisher=] |date=March 20, 2008 |access-date=October 19, 2012 |archive-date=March 9, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130309033740/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/pnj/access/1713624411.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Mar+20%2C+2008&author=Kris+Weowsky&pub=Pensacola+News+Journal&edition=&startpage=A.1&desc=Feds+still+looking+to+force+Kent+Hovind%27s+Dinosaur+Adventure+Land+into+extinction |url-status=dead }} The story can be found in the collection: .</ref> (In early 2019, Stoll himself was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Portland, Oregon on unrelated charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States, bank fraud, conspiracy to commit bank fraud, making a false statement on a loan application, and tax evasion.<ref>News release, "Washington State Man Accused of Marketing Fraudulent Tax Avoidance Schemes Disguised as Churches, Other Entities," April 19, 2019, United States Attorney's Office for the District of Oregon, U.S. Department of Justice, at .] |date=June 27, 2009 | access-date =July 27, 2015}} page 13</ref> The court accepted Eric's ownership of that property, but allowed the government to seize the other nine properties.<ref name="OrderonProperty"/> The court ruling denying the Hovinds' appeal cleared the way for forfeiture proceedings on Hovind-owned properties, including those on which Dinosaur Adventure Land sat, to continue<ref name="sentencesupheld"/> to satisfy the debt.<ref name="pnjruling"/> | |||
Hovind has said a panel of judges would decide if a claim had met his criteria, but he has refused to say who would be (or is) on that panel. He has even refused to say what their qualifications might be. Challengers who have submitted claims to Hovind have found that he does not actually use a panel of judges, in spite of his promise to do so. | |||
In March 2012, the federal government sued Creation Science Evangelism to remove liens placed on Hovind's former property that was seized after his conviction, and in June, the court ruled in favor of the government.<ref name="USCSE">{{cite web|url=http://dockets.justia.com/docket/florida/flndce/3:2012cv00136/65463/|title=UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. CREATION SCIENCE EVANGELISM et al|work=Justia Dockets & Filings}}</ref> | |||
On December 19, 2005 Hovind announced while on , that he is increasing the offer to '''$1,000,000''' for the christmas holiday week. And that he is doing it with confidence that no one will ever be able to prove evolution. The vast majority of scientists do not take Hovind's work very seriously or agree with his interpretation of the facts.]'s article http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/hovind/howgood.html] | |||
In May 2013, facing the sale of lots that were once part of Dinosaur Adventure land, Hovind acted. Using legal advice from another inmate, he filed a civil right suit against corrections personnel (a "]") alleging that they intentionally delayed court documents which hindered another appeal. Based on the assumption that it would trigger a chain of rulings that would ultimately result in the original sentence being overturned, he then filed several '']'' on the properties.<ref>The following instruments are recorded by the {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215317/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/clerk/coc_online_public_records.aspx |date=October 4, 2013 }} on May 29, 2013: {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092929/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2013037931 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092903/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2013037932 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092908/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2013037933 |date=May 18, 2015 }}, {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092922/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2013037934 |date=May 18, 2015 }}. Retrieved May 14, 2015.</ref><ref name=TrialFirstWeek>{{cite news | last1=Robinson | first1=Kevin | title=Paper trial prominent in Hovind trial | url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/2015/03/06/paper-trial-prominent-hovind-trial/24528449/ | periodical=Pensacola News Journal | access-date=May 3, 2015}}</ref> A federal judge rejected Hovind's claims and dismissed the filings (]), and asked for a "show of cause" from Hovind to explain why he should not be found in ] for the false filings.<ref name="VoidLiens"> {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092858/http://www.escambiaclerk.com/xml_or_1b.asp?uinstr=2013077090 |date=May 18, 2015 }} , Escambia County, Florida, Instrument #2013077090, October 9, 2013. Retrieved May 14, 2015. Online at ].</ref> His release date was approaching when he would face new charges related to the ''lis pendens'' filings.<ref name=LegalWoes>{{cite news | last=Robinson | first=Kevin | title='Dr. Dino' facing new legal woes | url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/2014/11/08/dr-dino-facing-new-legal-woes/18730293/ | periodical=Pensacola News Journal | access-date=May 3, 2015}}</ref> | |||
==The Ali G interview== | |||
Kent Hovind was interviewed by ] in the U.S. ] season 1 episode entitled ''Science''. Joseph Coates was also present and represented the side of evolution. | |||
=== Federal mail fraud and criminal contempt trial in 2015 === | |||
Ali G asked both men, "Where did men come from?" Coates replied, "Men evolved out of lower species, in the way that all the species evolved out of lower species." Hovind said, "This is ridiculous, this is ludicrous. If he wants to believe this happened, he's welcome to believe his grandpa was Lucy and came down from a tree or something, but that is pure religion. We offer a quarter of a million dollars for anybody with any real, empirical, testable scientific evidence for evolution." | |||
{{Wikisource|USA v Kent Hovind and Paul Hansen Indictment}} | |||
Ali G inquired, "So are you saying we ain't come down from monkeys?" Hovind replied, "No, monkeys are still having babies, why don't they have another human today?" In response, Ali G asked his guest, "But has you ever eaten a banana?" Kent Hovind confirmed, "Yea, yea. I eat all kinds of foods." Therefore, Ali G concluded, "Well that proves it, don't it?". | |||
On October 21, 2014, Hovind was indicted by a federal grand jury in Pensacola, Florida, on two counts of mail fraud, one count of conspiracy with Paul John Hansen to commit mail fraud, and one count of criminal contempt for interfering with the sale of Pensacola properties Hovind was forced to forfeit as a result of the 2006 case.<ref name="LegalWoes" /><ref>Indictment, October 21, 2014, ''United States v. Hovind'', case no. 3:14-cr-00091-MCR, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.).</ref> Hovind and Hansen pleaded not guilty and were tried together.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Kevin|title=Trial for 'Dr. Dino' moved to January|date=December 2, 2014|url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2014/11/28/hovind-trial-moved-january/19615979/|website=Pensacola News Journal|access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Kevin|title='Dr. Dino' trial delayed until March |date=January 28, 2015 |url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2015/01/28/dr-dino-trial-delayed-march/22465633/ |website=Pensacola News Journal|access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref> | |||
== Hovind's debating style== | |||
On March 2, 2015, the trial began in ]. On the first day of testimony, the prosecution discussed Hovind and Hansen's "dozens of filings", including several '']'', used to resist a court-ordered forfeiture due in part to legal advice Hovind took from his "cellmate in a New Hampshire prison camp".<ref name=TrialFirstDay>{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Kevin|title=Hovind's 'fight' continues in court |url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2015/03/03/day-hovind-trial/24341107/ |website=Pensacola News Journal|access-date=March 3, 2015}}</ref> The prosecution case included numerous emails, recorded phone calls, and court filings related to the forfeited properties.<ref name=TrialFirstWeek/> The prosecution presented audio of Hovind characterizing a ''lis pendens'' by asking his daughter, "Have you ever taken a step into dog crap and it gets stuck on your feet and it's really hard to get off?"<ref name=TrialFirstDay/> Hansen and Hovind took the stand in their own defense. According to journalist Kevin Robinson, during Hovind's testimony, he "refused to give short answers" and said that he believed his actions were lawful.<ref name=TakesWitnessStand>{{cite web|last1=Robinson|first1=Kevin|title='Dr Dino' Kent Hovind takes the witness stand |url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/2015/03/10/dr-dino-kent-hovind-takes-witness-stand-trial/24712901/ |website=Pensacola News Journal|access-date=March 10, 2015}}</ref> On March 12, 2015, Hovind was found guilty on one count of criminal contempt,<ref name=Verdict>{{cite web|title=Kent 'Dr Dino' Hovind trial: Guilty of contempt |url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/2015/03/12/hovind-trial-deliberations/70205932/ |date=March 12, 2015|website=Pensacola News Journal|access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref> Hansen on two counts of criminal contempt,<ref name="codefendant">{{cite web|title=Hovind's co-defendant gets 18 months in prison |date=August 21, 2015 |url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2015/08/21/hovinds-co-defendant-hansen-gets-months-prison/32155699/ |website=Pensacola News Journal|access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref> and the ] on the remaining charges.<ref name=Verdict/> | |||
Hovind uses a popular speaking style and humor in his debates. One notable example occurred during a with atheist ]. During an exchange regarding the evidence for human evolution (and "]s"), Hovind said, "He (]) found the leg bones of ] a mile and a half away from the head bones. The leg bones were 200 feet deeper in a deeper layer of strata. I would like to know how fast the train was going that hit that chimpanzee." | |||
A trial on the counts on which the jury could not reach a verdict had been ordered to begin on May 18, 2015.<ref>Court order, March 20, 2015, docket entry 155, ''United States v. Hovind'', case no. 3:14-00091-MCR, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.).</ref> However, on May 16, 2015, the prosecution filed its "Government's Motion to Dismiss Counts One, Two and Four of the Superseding Indictment Without Prejudice," citing "issues regarding the technical sufficiency of the Superseding Indictment, including the adequacy of notice."<ref>Docket entry 194, May 16, 2015, ''United States v. Kent E. Hovind and Paul John Hansen'', case no. 3:14-cr-00091-MCR, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.).</ref> Later, on May 16, the Court cancelled the jury selection and trial that had been scheduled to begin on Monday, May 18, in order, in the Court's words, to permit the defendants to respond to the government's motion.<ref>, May 16, 2015, ''United States v. Kent E. Hovind and Paul John Hansen'', case no. 3:14-cr-00091-MCR, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.).</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Hovind charges in Pensacola erode | |||
His citation of the 'Lucy' find has proven particularly contentious. Mainstream creationist critics, conventional scientists, and lay supporters of evolutionary science have complained that he continued to use an argument that has been established as false (ref., ). | |||
| first=Kevin | last=Robinson | date=May 18, 2015 | periodical=Pensacola News Journal | url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2015/05/18/hovinds-unresolved-charges-dropped/27538727/ | access-date=May 19, 2015}}</ref> | |||
On Monday, May 18, 2015, the U.S. District Court made two decisions. First, the Court granted the prosecutor's request for a "without prejudice" dismissal of the three remaining charges against Hovind, allowing the prosecutor to go back to a Federal grand jury and seek a new indictment if desired.<ref>, May 18, 2015, ''United States v. Kent E. Hovind and Paul John Hansen'', case no. 3:14-cr-00091-MCR, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.).</ref> Second, the Court rendered a judgment of acquittal on the criminal contempt charge on which Hovind had been found guilty by the jury. On that point, the Court concluded that in the specific order that Hovind had been found guilty of violating, there was no actual language that prohibited Hovind from doing anything.<ref>, May 18, 2015, ''United States v. Kent E. Hovind and Paul John Hansen'', case no. 3:14-cr-00091-MCR, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Florida (Pensacola Div.).</ref><ref>{{cite news | title=Kent 'Dr. Dino' Hovind cleared of all charges for now | first=Kevin | last=Robinson | date=May 19, 2015 | periodical=Pensacola News Journal | url=http://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2015/05/19/hovind-cleared-charges-now/27591891/ | access-date=August 22, 2015}}</ref> | |||
==External links== | |||
=== Hovind's websites === | |||
* - Kent Hovind's website | |||
* - Hovind's YEC-theme park website | |||
On August 21, 2015, Paul John Hansen was sentenced to 18 months in prison and three years' probation for the two counts of contempt.<ref name="codefendant"/> | |||
=== Pro-Hovind === | |||
*, by Chick Publications | |||
* | |||
=== |
===Domestic violence=== | ||
Hovind was arrested in Alabama on July 30, 2021, for allegedly throwing his estranged wife, Cindi Lincoln, to the ground in October 2020. Additionally, she petitioned for a ] in ], saying that she had to go to the emergency room after being "bodyslammed". She has also stated that she had been threatened by one of Hovind's associates.<ref>{{cite news |title= Kent Hovind, controversial creationist preacher known as 'Dr. Dino,' arrested in domestic assault case |first= Bob |last= Smietana |date= August 5, 2021 |agency= ] |url= https://religionnews.com/2021/08/05/kent-hovind-controversial-creationist-preacher-known-as-dr-dino-arrested-in-domestic-assault-case/ |access-date= August 6, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{citation |title=Alabama evangelist Kent Hovind arrested on domestic violence charge |first= Howard |last= Koplowitz |date= August 5, 2021 |work= ] |url= https://www.al.com/news/mobile/2021/08/alabama-evangelist-kent-hovind-arrested-on-domestic-violence-charge.html |access-date= August 6, 2021}}</ref> At a ] in the Connecuh County Courthouse on September 20, 2021, he was found guilty of domestic violence. He was sentenced to one year in jail which would be suspended following 30 days in the county jail to start by October 18, fined $500, and ordered to pay restitution for medical expenses.<ref>{{citation |title= 'Dr. Dino' gets 30 days in jail |first1= Robert |last1= Bozeman III |first2= Lee |last2= Peacock |work= The Monroe Journal |date= September 23, 2021 |page=1 |url= https://2083.newstogo.us/editionviewer/?Edition=728550b7-6612-4326-9b4b-cbc344ea330a&Section=0 |access-date= September 23, 2021}}</ref> A request for a retrial was denied, and an appeal requesting a ] was filed in the ].<ref>{{citation |title= 'Dr. Dino' files an appeal |first= Lee |last= Peacock |work= The Monroe Journal |date= October 21, 2021 |page=3 |url= https://2083.newstogo.us/editionviewer/default.aspx?Edition=31e2be4b-ebd8-4cf1-a604-3f0fa777c5c2&Page=c541e28e-c708-4cc5-bab8-bae8fe8eee0c |access-date= November 4, 2021}}</ref> | |||
====Audio debates==== | |||
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== See also == | ||
*] | |||
* - creation vs. evolution debate | |||
* - free downloads | |||
==Notes== | |||
=== Creationist but critical of Hovind === | |||
{{Reflist|group=notes}} | |||
* | |||
* ]" of Genesis Creationism] at Christian Geology website | |||
* , by AiG. | |||
* also by AiG. | |||
== References == | |||
=== Critical of creationism and Hovind === | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
* Barbara Forrest. September 1999. | |||
* | |||
* | |||
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* by Adam William Kisby | |||
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* | |||
* A Academic Review/Description of Hovind's Dissertation. | |||
* A list of over 300 lies used by Kent Hovind in debates. | |||
== External links == | |||
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* {{IMDb name | nm2379457 }} | |||
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Latest revision as of 05:40, 4 December 2024
American Christian fundamentalist and Young Earth Creationist
Kent Hovind | |
---|---|
Hovind c. 2002 | |
Born | (1953-01-15) January 15, 1953 (age 71) |
Nationality | American |
Alma mater | Midwestern Baptist College (BRE) |
Known for | Advocate of Young Earth creationism and anti-tax views |
Kent E. Hovind (born January 15, 1953) is an American Christian fundamentalist evangelist and tax protester. He is a controversial figure in the young Earth creationist movement whose ministry focuses on denial of scientific theories in the fields of biology (evolution and abiogenesis), geophysics, and cosmology in favor of a literalist interpretation of the Genesis creation narrative found in the Bible. Hovind's views, which combine elements of creation science and conspiracy theory, are dismissed by the scientific community as fringe theory and pseudo-scholarship. Answers in Genesis openly criticized him for continued use of discredited arguments abandoned by others in the movement.
Hovind established Creation Science Evangelism (CSE) in 1989 and Dinosaur Adventure Land in 2001 in Pensacola, Florida. He frequently spoke on Young Earth creationism in schools, churches, debates, and on radio and television broadcasts. His son Eric Hovind took over operation of CSE after Hovind began serving a ten-year prison sentence in January 2007 for federal convictions for failing to pay taxes, obstructing federal agents, and structuring cash transactions. In September 2021, Hovind was convicted of domestic violence against his estranged wife.
Biography
At the age of 16, Hovind became a born-again Christian within the Independent Fundamental Baptist church.
In 1971, he graduated from East Peoria Community High School in East Peoria, Illinois. He entered Illinois Central College and then transferred to the unaccredited Midwestern Baptist College in 1972, attaining a Bachelor of Religious Education in 1974.
He married his wife Jo in 1973 and they had three children between 1977 and 1979. Between 1975 and 1988, Hovind served as an assistant pastor and teacher at three private Baptist schools, including one he started.
In 1989, the family moved to Pensacola, Florida, where Jo attended (then unaccredited) Pensacola Christian College and earned a bachelor's degree in music and master's degrees in music and sacred music.
In 1998, Hovind created his Dr. Dino web site and began producing articles and selling video tapes, books, and fossil replicas. Prior to his incarceration, Hovind had numerous speaking engagements (around 700 in 2004) at churches, private schools, and other venues each year, in addition to hosting a daily internet radio talk show and establishing Dinosaur Adventure Land in Pensacola, Florida. In 1999, his son Eric Hovind began traveling to present his arguments and seminars. Kent and Jo divorced in 2016.
In 1988 and 1991 respectively, Hovind received a master's degree and doctorate in Christian Education through correspondence from (also unaccredited) Patriot University, then in Colorado Springs, Colorado. Patriot University is a diploma mill.
Having a website called "Dr. Dino" has provoked some academics to look closely at how Hovind presents his education and credentials. All his known degrees are from unaccredited institutions, and he has no training in paleontology. Barbara Forrest, a professor of philosophy, expert on the history of creationism and activist in the creation–evolution controversy, wrote that Hovind's lack of training makes academic discussion impossible and has said that his understanding of historical and scientific research is deficient. Karen Bartelt, an organic chemistry professor who debated Hovind, examined Hovind's dissertation and found it is incomplete, contains numerous spelling errors, lacks references, shows flawed reasoning, and states that it does not present any original research.
Creation Science Evangelism and Creation Today
Hovind established Creation Science Evangelism in 1989 to evangelize and teach creationism. In May 1999, his son Eric joined Creation Science Evangelism as a speaker, and his daughter Marlissa began training to become Hovind's secretary. That year, CSE merged with Faith Baptist Fellowship of Hawthorne, Florida, beginning a relationship that lasted until 2002. In 2003, with the aid of Glenn Stoll (a promoter of tax-avoidance schemes), Hovind set up a series of entities starting with "an unincorporated association of pure trust" on May 13, under which a corporation sole and several ministerial trusts were established starting on May 23. CSE properties were conveyed to the trusts which operated under business licenses from the "Kingdom of Heaven".
Hovind is associated with the Unregistered Baptist Fellowship (UBF), a loosely affiliated group of roughly 100 churches which share a "theology of Christian resistance" to civil governments. Because the UBF would consider it an acknowledgement of government authority over the church, they reject the highly favorable 501(c)(3) status, which makes donations tax deductible and exempts them from income tax, but not FICA taxes or employee income tax withholding. The UBF holds that governmental authority stops "at the threshold of the church", and Hovind has likened his ministry's status to that of the Vatican City State. When the federal government obtained a search warrant in 2004, an Internal Revenue Service (IRS) criminal investigator made the sworn statement that the organization did not have a business license and did not have tax-exempt status.
Hovind was convicted of 58 felony counts in November 2006 and sentenced to ten years in prison in January 2007; Eric Hovind took over Creation Science Evangelism. In July 2007, God Quest Inc. was incorporated with Eric Hovind as president, and that November, God Quest Inc. filed in Florida to do business under the trade name Creation Science Evangelism. In June 2008, Eric announced that the CSE website would incorporate the CSE blog and change format allowing for "only positive comments" about Hovind and CSE, and in late 2011, Creation Science Evangelism's DrDino.com website was redirected to CreationToday.org. The new website announced "Creation Today is a ministry of God Quest, Inc." with focus on "creation, apologetics and evangelism."
Dinosaur Adventure Land
In 2001, Hovind started Dinosaur Adventure Land, a young Earth creationist theme park located behind Hovind's home in Pensacola. With the slogan, "Where Dinosaurs and the Bible meet!", the facility on roughly seven acres (three hectares) had an indoor "Science Center" and an outdoor space with a variety of simple dinosaur-themed rides and activities, each of which was tied to some religious message. For example, the "Jumpasaurus" was a trampoline next to a basketball hoop; children would have one minute to make as many baskets as they could, and the message was that one has to be coordinated to do more for Jesus. Annual attendance was 38,000. The park depicted humans and dinosaurs co-existing in the last 4,000–6,000 years and also contains a depiction of the Loch Ness Monster. The Southern Poverty Law Center said the park also "claims that a few small dinosaurs still roam the planet". A 2004 Skeptical Inquirer article discussed a visit to Hovind's dinosaur theme park and concluded that the park is "deceptive on many levels". In Reports of the National Center for Science Education, George Allan Alderman described it as "essentially a playground with a few exhibits, several fiberglass dinosaurs, a climbing wall, and a couple of buildings." He summarized it as "shabby".
The venture encountered legal issues when the owners did not get a building permit in 2002 (see below). In April 2006, Escambia County officials closed the building in question. In July 2009, the courts ruled that the properties could be seized and sold to satisfy Hovind's criminal penalties (see below). Another Florida ministry theme park, the Holy Land Experience, successfully lobbied for a property tax exemption law for parks "used to exhibit, illustrate, and interpret biblical manuscripts" in 2006; Dinosaur Adventure Land, which was not a 501(c)(3) organization, failed to have the law expanded to be included. Eric Hovind kept the park and CSE operating throughout 2008, but in July 2009, a judge allowed the government seizure to proceed. In August 2009, Dinosaur Adventure Land's website announced it was closed, and CSE announced its re-opening as the "Creation Store" in November 2010.
In April 2016, Hovind discussed plans for a new Dinosaur Adventure Land, which included an 80-foot-tall model dinosaur that would be the largest in the state, with commissioners in Conecuh County, Alabama. A supporter donated a 140-acre (55-hectare) parcel of land in Lenox, Alabama, a former gravel pit. Volunteers started work by June 2016, and it opened in April 2018. As of September 2018, total attendance had exceeded 1,000, according to Hovind. Dinosaur Adventure Land is operated by a 501(c)(3) organization, Creation Science Evangelism Ministries Inc. Its revenue streams are donations, book and DVD sales, and YouTube advertising. There is no admission charge and it operates without liability insurance. Facilities include a science center, a campground, a four-wheeler park, and church services including baptisms.
On March 15, 2020, a seven-year-old boy drowned at the park.
Creationism
The Hovind Theory
Hovind presented a version of young Earth creationism he calls the "Hovind Theory" in lectures and in the book Unmasking the False Religion of Evolution. The Hovind Theory is entirely rejected in the scientific community, and its plausibility has even been criticized by other young Earth creationists.
In Hovind's narrative, dinosaurs and humans coexisted and Tyrannosaurus rex was a vegetarian prior to the fall of man. Hovind expands upon the late 19th- and early 20th-century vapor canopy concept of a protective shield that made Earth a relative paradise between the expulsion from Paradise and Noah's flood. The flood is expressed as a function of natural rather than miraculous processes. Noah's family and two of every kind of animal (including dinosaurs, which fit because babies were taken aboard and conditions allowed larger humans, making the ark's size, based on cubits, larger) boarded Noah's Ark before an ice meteor impacted the Earth. Fragments from the meteor caused planetary rings and impact craters on the moon and other solar system bodies. The remainder were drawn to the North and South Poles by the Earth's magnetic field as cataclysmic snowfall which buried the mammoths standing up. The ice on the poles cracked the Earth's crust, releasing the "fountains of the deep". According to Hovind, these events caused an ice age, and made the Earth wobble around, collapsing the vapor canopy that protected it.
In the next few months of the flood, the dead animals and plants were buried, and became oil, coal, and fossils. The last months of the flood included geological instability, when the plates shifted, forming ocean basins and mountain ranges. The Grand Canyon was formed in a couple of weeks during this time.
Criticism from creationists
In a rare case of open dissent within the movement over the substance of creation science, Answers in Genesis (AiG) published a 2002 position paper titled: "Arguments we think creationists should NOT use". After Hovind issued a point-by-point rebuttal, Carl Wieland, Ken Ham, and Jonathan Sarfati of AiG wrote that the claims made by Hovind were "fraudulent" and contained "mistakes in facts and logic which do the creationist cause no good." In particular, AiG criticized Hovind for "persistently us discredited or false arguments" as well as "fraudulent claims" from Ron Wyatt, and described one of Hovind's claims as "self-refuting". Rancorous disagreements resulted in AiG splitting into U.S. and Australian chapters in 2005. The Australian branch, renamed Creation Ministries International (CMI), maintained content critical of Hovind on their website, while the U.S. branch, led by Ken Ham, removed it. In 2009, CMI said that they had relaxed their stance because CSE's revamped website had removed some of Hovind's claims to which they objected.
Greg Neyman, an old-Earth creationist who runs the Old Earth Ministries website (renamed from Answers in Creation), writes that Hovind's articles about humans and dinosaurs coexisting are unsupported by evidence and that they "embarrass the young earth creation science community as a whole".
To the Orthodox Jewish creationist, Hovind's approach relies upon a strict literal reading of the King James translation. Where Jews interpret the Hebrew through Talmud and Midrash, Hovind relies on a direct reading of English. For example, Hovind claims that the word dinosaur, which was introduced to English in 1841, refers to what previously had been called dragon. Dragon is used where tannin (Hebrew: תנין) appears, but it means serpent or crocodile.
Anti-evolution claims
Hovind contends that "Darwinism" produced "Communism, Socialism, Nazism, abortion, liberalism and the New Age Movement". He blamed the forced Cherokee resettlement on a belief in evolution, although the Trail of Tears preceded On the Origin of Species, the book which first presents the theory of evolution by natural selection, by roughly two decades. Hovind maintains that biology textbooks are lying in order to brainwash youth. He said, "Satan is using evolution theory to make kids go to hell." Hovind claims he is not trying to eliminate evolution from schools, but says "schools should teach both viewpoints." Hovind said that in order to forge "missing link" transitional fossils to support human evolution, the Smithsonian Institution has 33,000 sets of human remains in its basement, some taken alive (murder). In an interview prior to speaking at Kent State University, Hovind said "You should have another rebellion here at Kent State and do it for the right reason," the reason being protesting evolution and referred to the Kent State shootings when he added, "This time, don't get shot."
In the pseudoscience of cryptozoology, Hovind published and co-authored Claws, Jaws, and Dinosaurs with William Gibbons, another Creationist who has searched for dinosaurs in the Congo under the belief that discovering a cryptid would somehow undermine evolutionary theory and that dinosaurs were dragons. Dinosaur Adventure Land had displays about the existence of the Loch Ness Monster and Beowulf as history rather than legend.
Debates
Prior to his convictions, Hovind was a prolific debater. While Hovind campaigns against evolution, the level of support for evolution is essentially universal within the scientific community and academia; support for creationism is minimal among scientists in general, and virtually nonexistent among those in the following fields: biology, paleontology, geology, etc. C. A. Chinn and L. A. Buckland classify his debate style, common among Young Earth Creationists, as eristic: focused on winning by rhetoric rather than illuminating by careful examination of evidence.
In 1993, Hovind announced that he would be debating the renowned evolutionary biologist, Stephen Jay Gould, who had a longstanding opposition to debating Creationists and had turned down numerous challenges. When contacted about the announcement, Gould said he had never heard of Hovind, much less agreed to debate.
In May 2004, Michael Shermer debated Hovind in front of a predominantly creationist audience. Shermer claimed the exchange was "not an intellectual exercise", but rather "an emotional drama", and concluded, "Unless there is a subject that is truly debatable with a format that is fair, in a forum that is balanced, it only serves to belittle both the magisterium of science and the magisterium of religion." Massimo Pigliucci also debated Hovind, and expressed surprise at Hovind's ignorance of evolutionary theory. Pigliucci recalled Hovind tried "to convince the audience that evolutionists believe humans came from rocks" and subsequently "evolved from bananas." William Reville, Director of Microscopy at University College Cork, wrote that Hovind's ideas are not rational or scientific because they are not testable. Hovind has repeatedly declined offers for written debates where his claims would be scrutinized by scientists, including his decline of a debate offer from Dave Thomas.
During a debate with Farrell Till, Hovind said that Donald Johanson had uncovered the leg bones of Lucy at a different site over a mile away from the reported site, in a deeper stratum, quipping, "I would like to know how fast the train was going that hit that chimpanzee." This was clearly contrary to the published statements by Johanson. After Hovind had been informed in 1993 that his statement was false, he agreed to stop using the claim. When he repeated the claim in 1995, he once more agreed he was in error.
$250,000 offer
In 1990, Hovind made a $10,000 offer to anyone who could meet a set of requirements he said would prove evolution, and he later raised the amount to $250,000. In 2007, Creation Science Evangelism removed the offer from its website.
I have a standing offer of $250,000 to anyone who can give any empirical evidence (scientific proof) for evolution.* My $250,000 offer demonstrates that the hypothesis of evolution is nothing more than a religious belief.
...
*NOTE: When I use the word evolution, I am not referring to the minor variations found in all of the various life forms (microevolution). I am referring to the general theory of evolution which believes these five major events took place without God:
- Time, space, and matter came into existence by themselves.
- Planets and stars formed from space dust.
- Matter created life by itself.
- Early life-forms learned to reproduce themselves.
- Major changes occurred between these diverse life forms (i.e., fish changed to amphibians, amphibians changed to reptiles, and reptiles changed to birds or mammals).
The premises of Hovind's offer have been rejected both by scientists and fellow creationists as fundamentally flawed. Hovind's conditions would require a claimant not only to prove the theory of evolution, but also abiogenesis, astrophysics and cosmology, and additionally prove that no gods could possibly exist. The judges would be hand-picked without assurances that they would be unbiased or qualified to assess the merit of claims, and it is possible that no panel was convened when a claim was submitted. Some forms of evidence would be excluded prior to judging.
Answers in Genesis dismissed the challenge as a gimmick. A 2005 challenge on Boing Boing offered $250,000 to anyone who could prove that the Flying Spaghetti Monster (the deity of a parody religion constructed to make a point about giving time to alternative views on evolution) was not the father of Jesus.
Political activity
In 1999, a Bradenton, Florida pastor asked the school board to consider adding Creationism to the curriculum. The school board chairman's actions raised issues when, in his capacity as a citizen, he helped fund a series of seminars by Hovind, but he was within ethical guidelines. More controversy was raised when a school employee was sent to videotape the lectures, although without intention for rebroadcast. Ultimately, there was no curriculum change.
Hovind was criticized for his involvement with Arkansas state Representative Jim Holt's Anti-Evolution Bill in 2001 (House Bill 2548). This bill "would have required that when public schools refer to evolution that it be identified as an unproven theory." Opponents of the bill worried that it would subject Arkansas to the same type of derision that occurred when the state's balanced-treatment law was struck down in McLean v. Arkansas. Holt called upon Hovind as an expert who "testified for Holt before the State Agencies and Governmental Affairs Committee, alleging much of the information pertaining to evolution in our science textbooks is false."
In 2007, David Vitter added a $100,000 earmark in a U.S. Senate appropriations bill, directed towards the Louisiana Family Forum "to develop a plan to promote better science education". Their website included a document, "'A Battle Plan—Practical Steps to Combat Evolution' by Kent Hovind". After a reporter's inquiries, the document, which called evolution "not a harmless theory but a dangerous religious belief" and blamed it for atrocities by Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Pol Pot, was removed from their website. The earmark was withdrawn from the bill.
Chick tracts
The most widely distributed antievolution work, Big Daddy?, was first published in 1972 and revised several times; it is one of the controversial Chick tracts, comic strips intended to convert people to fundamentalist Christianity. Material from Hovind was incorporated into the 2000 revision.
Miscellaneous
Hovind believes that the King James Version is the most accurate English-language Bible translation.
Politics and conspiracy theories
Hovind has made controversial remarks regarding conspiracies, science, creation, equal rights, religion, and government. His presentations on creationism and evolution are a mix of Christian Fundamentalism and conspiracy theories. His creationist presentations have asserted that creationism is not taught in public schools due to a New World Order conspiracy, established by Satan and involving Ted Turner and Jane Fonda, the British Royal Family, the State of Israel, the American Civil Liberties Union (which he calls "the American Communist Lawyers Union"), U.S. government officials, business leaders, and social activists. In May 1999, he claimed "the implementation of the NWO's world-domination plan was May 5, 2000."
Hovind has promoted several conspiracy theories about the U.S. government. He has claimed that the U.S. government was behind the 9/11 attacks and the Oklahoma City bombing. Regarding UFOs, Hovind recommends books by conspiracy theorists who believe "some UFO's are U.S. Government experiments with electrogravitic propulsion as opposed to jet propulsion, while others are Satanic apparitions." The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) criticized Hovind for referring followers to books by Irwin Schiff, a tax protester who has been convicted of tax evasion multiple times. The SPLC has criticized Hovind for "point his followers to Citizens Rule Book, popular among antigovernment 'Patriots', and to Media Bypass, an antigovernment magazine with strong antisemitic leanings", and for selling of books such as Des Griffin's Fourth Reich of the Rich and Peter Kershaw's In Caesar's Grip, and recommending The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, a well-known antisemitic hoax.
Hovind claims that the cyanide-releasing compound laetrile is a "cancer cure" which the U.S. government is conspiring to suppress and that diseases including HIV, Gulf war syndrome, Crohn's colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's were engineered by "the money masters and governments of the world" for the purpose of global economic domination. He has denounced democracy as "evil and contrary to God's law", and called global warming a communist conspiracy.
In his lectures, he claimed that the United States government was implanting pet-tracking microchips into people allowing them to be tracked by satellite, even though the transponder range made that impossible. On his website, Hovind associated the UPC bar code with the Mark of the Beast, and wrote that there were reports of people paying for groceries by having their hands scanned in 1999.
YouTube copyright controversy
On September 16, 2007, the Rational Response Squad (RRS) complained that Creation Science Evangelism was filing spurious DMCA requests that had caused RRS YouTube videos to be taken down and the RRS YouTube account to be banned. In response to the copyright claims, the RRS threatened a lawsuit.
At the time of the complaints, the CSE's website indicated the videos were not copyrighted, and the CSE encouraged copying and distributing them. Five days later, the CSE copyright page was changed to say that copied material must be left unedited. According to a spokesperson for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, CSE's claim was "clearly bogus", and as of September 25, 2007, the Rational Response Squad account had been reinstated, and some of the videos had been put back online.
Legal issues
Escambia County (2002–2006)
On August 15, 2002, Hovind was arrested for assault, battery, and burglary in an incident with a CSE secretary. The charges were dropped in December.
On September 13, 2002, Hovind was charged with failure to observe county zoning regulations for Dinosaur Adventure Land, a misdemeanor. In April 2006, the Dinosaur Adventure Land buildings were closed by county officials, and the Florida circuit court found the owners in contempt, ordering fines of $500 for each day the buildings were used. Hovind argued he did not need a permit due to the nature of the building, but after a 5-year court battle over the $50 building permit, on June 5, 2006, Hovind pleaded nolo contendere as charged to three counts: constructing a building without a permit, refusing to sign a citation, and violating the county building code. Hovind paid fines totaling $675.
Federal civil tax matters, bankruptcy, and renouncing citizenship (1996–2006)
Hovind was originally reported to the Internal Revenue Service by Pensacola Christian College senior vice President Rebekah Horton in the mid-1990s, after she learned of Hovind's anti-tax stand. Hovind's organization had neither business licenses nor tax-exempt status, nor was it considered a church by people who worked there. The ministry's organizational structure was described by the United States Tax Court as appearing to be "based on various questionable trust documents purchased from Glen Stoll, a known promoter of tax avoidance schemes", leading the Court to conclude that Hovind used these trust documents as well as other fraudulent means to conceal the ownership and control of his activities and properties.
According to the IRS, Hovind earned $50,000 a year through speaking engagements, and in 2002 alone, CSE sold more than $1.8 million in merchandise. On average, Hovind made bank deposits in excess of $1 million each year, and eventually that grew to about $2 million a year. About half that income went to employees who were salaried or were paid hourly wages. However, Hovind derived "substantial revenue" from these activities that appeared to be "income to personally".
On March 1, 1996, Hovind filed a Chapter 13 bankruptcy petition to avoid paying federal income taxes, claiming he was not a citizen of the United States and that he did not earn income. He claimed that as a minister, everything he owned belonged to God and he was not subject to paying taxes for doing God's work. On June 5, 1996, the Court dismissed Hovind's bankruptcy case, finding he had lied about his possessions and income. The court upheld the IRS's determination that his claim "was filed in bad faith for the sole purpose of avoiding payment of federal income taxes" and called Hovind's arguments "patently absurd". It also said that "the IRS has no record of the debtor ever having filed a federal income tax return."
In 1998, the IRS requested account information about Hovind from an internet provider after Hovind made claims on an internet broadcast about his own tax law noncompliance, going back to the 1970s. When the provider initially balked, the courts granted a subpoena on the basis that the IRS could demonstrate that Hovind had received income but had filed no income tax returns going back to 1991. In 2003, Hovind would tell The New York Times, "I haven't filed a tax return in 30 years."
On May 13, 1998, Hovind and his wife filed a "Power of Attorney and Revocation of Signature" document in Escambia County which would nullify any of their promises, debts, or legal agreements made prior to April 15, 1998. The Hovinds claimed they had signed government documents "due to the use of various elements of fraud and misrepresentations, duress, coercion, under perjury, mistake, 'bankruptcy'," and argued that Social Security is a "Ponzi scheme". The document referred to the United States Government as "the 'bankrupt' corporate government", renounced the Hovinds' United States citizenship and Social Security numbers to become "a natural citizen of 'America' and a natural sojourner", and referred to their home state of Florida as "the State of Florida Body-Politic Corporation." Judges and the IRS did not appear to honor this as a legally relevant document in future decisions. In 2002, Hovind was again delinquent in paying his taxes, and unsuccessfully sued the IRS for harassment.
At various times, the government alleged that Hovind had not filed personal U.S. federal income tax returns for the years 1989 through 1997. In the spring of 2004, the IRS conducted an audit and criminal investigation regarding Hovind's unfiled personal Federal income tax for 1995 through 1997. IRS agent Scott Schneider said, "Since 1997, Hovind has engaged in financial transactions indicating sources of income and has made deposits to bank accounts well in excess of $1 million per year during some of these years, which would require the filing of federal income taxes." On June 3, 2004, the IRS executed a search warrant on Hovind's home and businesses to confiscate financial records and attempt to deliver notices of Federal tax liens of $504,957.24, which Hovind refused to accept. Agents confiscated $42,000 in cash found in various places in the residence. Six guns were present, including an SKS semiautomatic rifle. That day, Hovind withdrew $70,000 from the CSE bank account, half in cash.
On July 7, 2006, the United States Tax Court found that Hovind was deficient in paying his federal income taxes in 1995–1997, totaling $520,099. The Tax Court ruled that the IRS had a valid lien on Hovind's property and said that Hovind's defense was based on "bizarre arguments, some of which constitute tax protester arguments involving excise taxes and the alleged '100% voluntary' nature of the income tax." With penalties, he owed $3.3 million for tax years 1998–2006 by 2013. Jo Hovind was ordered to pay $1.6 million.
Federal criminal tax-related trial and convictions in 2006
On July 11, 2006, Hovind was indicted on 58 counts in the District Court in Northern Florida in Pensacola. The first 12 counts were charges for willful failure to collect, account for, and pay over federal income taxes and FICA taxes in connection with the CSE operation, totaling $473,818 for the 12 fiscal quarters of 2001–2003. The next 45 counts were charges for knowingly structuring transactions by making multiple cash withdrawals totaling $430,500 in amounts just under the $10,000 which requires reporting (a technique known as "structuring"), for which his wife was also charged. The last count was a charge of corruptly endeavoring to obstruct and impede the administration of the internal revenue laws by falsely listing the IRS as his only creditor when filing for bankruptcy, filing a false and frivolous lawsuit against the IRS in which he demanded damages for criminal trespass, making threats of harm to those investigating him and to those who might consider cooperating with the investigation, filing a false complaint against IRS agents investigating him, filing a false criminal complaint against IRS special agents (criminal investigators), and destroying records. Because of reports of weapons on the Hovind property, the indictment was originally sealed for fear of danger to the arresting agents.
At arraignment, Hovind claimed incomprehension to the charges, telling the court: "I still don't understand what I'm being charged for and who is charging me." The presiding magistrate judge asked Hovind if he wrote and spoke English, to which Hovind responded, "To some degree." The judge replied that the government adequately explained the allegations and the defendant understands the charges "whether you want to admit it or not." Hovind stated that he did not recognize the government's right to try him on tax-fraud charges. At first he attempted to enter a plea of "subornation of false muster," but then entered a not guilty plea "under duress" when the judge offered to enter a plea for him. When asked about his home, Hovind called it a "church parish", and denied any residence except the "church of Jesus Christ", worldwide. Hovind's passport and guns were seized. Hovind protested, arguing that he needed his passport to continue his evangelism work, and that "thousands and thousands" were waiting to hear him preach in South Africa the following month. The court refused to reconsider, accepting the argument that "like-minded people" might secret Hovind away if he left the country.
The trial began on October 21, 2006. Hovind hoped to convince a jury that his amusement park admission and merchandise sales, over $5 million from 1999 through March 2004, belonged to God and could not be taxed. Evidence produced at the trial revealed that Jo Hovind had requested financial assistance from Baptist Healthcare by claiming that the Hovinds had no income. IRS agents told the court how Hovind had attempted "bullying tactics" and had sued the government three times to pressure them to stop investigating. The lawsuits had been thrown out. The prosecution countered attempts to describe workers as missionaries, ministers, and volunteers, introducing memos in which they had been called employees. Workers testified that they had to punch time cards, had vacation and sick days, and did not receive W-2 tax forms. After the IRS executed the search warrant, employees were required to sign non-disclosure agreements to remain employed. A lawyer who did work for a non-profit Christian organization testified that Hovind claimed to have "beat" the tax system and that he favored cash transactions because they were untraceable and, consequently, untaxable.
Hovind's lawyer engaged in a lengthy cross-examination of the lead IRS investigator, and the case ended on November 1 with the defense calling no witnesses. After closing arguments were presented on November 2, the jury deliberated three hours before finding the Hovinds guilty on all counts, 58 for Hovind and 45 for his wife. The Pensacola News Journal said, "The saddest thing: had they cooperated with the agents, they probably wouldn't be worrying about prison sentences now."
Sentencing, appeals, and imprisonment (2007–2019)
After the convictions and pending sentencing, Hovind was incarcerated in the Escambia County Jail as a "danger to the community" and a flight risk. His wife would remain free until after the appeal.
On January 19, 2007, Hovind was sentenced to ten years in prison with three years' probation and ordered to pay the federal government restitution of over $600,000. During the sentencing phase, a tearful Hovind, hoping to avoid prison, told the court, "If it's just money the IRS wants, there are thousands of people out there who will help pay the money they want so I can go back out there and preach." However, Hovind's court room behavior was in stark contrast to phone calls he made while in jail and played by the prosecution. The tapes, posted online by the Pensacola News Journal, included one conversation with Hovind and son Eric, who were planning to hide a motor vehicle title and property deeds to prevent the government from collecting the property to pay for owed debt. At sentencing, he denied being a "tax protester", but the prosecution, an IRS spokesman, and the Pensacola News Journal used the term to describe him.
On June 29, 2007, Jo Hovind was sentenced to one year of imprisonment, three years of supervision upon release and fined $8,000. In court, Jo Hovind offered explanations for the 45 checks just under $10,000 and for checks cashed before and after the reporting deadline, telling the judge "I really did not have a leadership role in CSE" and finished "I would never knowingly do anything illegal." The judge said that while Hovind was the principal authority at CSE, Jo managed the payroll; she had cashed roughly 200 checks totaling $1.5 million over a four-year period, relying on cash to avoid IRS scrutiny. The United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied both appeals on December 30, 2008, and the U.S. Supreme Court denied certiorari on November 2, 2009.
Hovind appealed the amount of his 2006 U.S. Tax Court ruling on personal income taxes to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit, but on July 2, 2007, a three-judge panel denied the appeal, finding that Hovind had failed to raise the issue at the appropriate time.
In November 2010, Hovind filed a motion in U.S. District Court Northern District of Florida claiming the prosecution and defense erred at various stages of the case; it was denied the following May. It was one of at least six motions to dismiss he filed that year on various procedural or constitutional grounds.
In July 2015, Hovind was released to home confinement for roughly one month to finish his prison sentence for his 2006 conviction. Almost a year after his release, Hovind said he would continue to fight his conviction and the property seizure.
In October 2019, Hovind filed a motion to vacate in the trial court without obtaining the required certification from the appellate court; the motion was dismissed, summarily.
CSE property forfeitures
In 2007, the government placed liens on ten of the Hovinds' properties for money owed following a June 27, 2007, judgment, which included an order that the properties be forfeited under 18 U.S.C. § 3613 for costs of $5,800, a fine of $2000, and restitution of $604,874.87. On December 30, 2008, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied the Hovinds' appeal and affirmed the convictions and sentences entered by the district court. Following the appeal, Jo Hovind served her prison term from January 20, 2009, to December 3, 2009.
In 2008, Eric Hovind and Glen Stoll, an individual who has been associated with the Embassy of Heaven organization and who has falsely claimed to be a lawyer, attempted to prevent the forfeitures of Hovind's ten properties, including Dinosaur Adventure Land, in connection with the federal tax problems. (In early 2019, Stoll himself was indicted by a Federal grand jury in Portland, Oregon on unrelated charges of conspiracy to defraud the United States, bank fraud, conspiracy to commit bank fraud, making a false statement on a loan application, and tax evasion.) The government sought the property, deeded to Stoll and Eric prior to Hovind's convictions, since cash had been withdrawn from the bank accounts and could not be recovered. In a court filing, however, Eric Hovind said that he owned one of the properties and that he "took active control over the lot by personally building a home on it with $70,000 he borrowed from CSE." The court accepted Eric's ownership of that property, but allowed the government to seize the other nine properties. The court ruling denying the Hovinds' appeal cleared the way for forfeiture proceedings on Hovind-owned properties, including those on which Dinosaur Adventure Land sat, to continue to satisfy the debt.
In March 2012, the federal government sued Creation Science Evangelism to remove liens placed on Hovind's former property that was seized after his conviction, and in June, the court ruled in favor of the government.
In May 2013, facing the sale of lots that were once part of Dinosaur Adventure land, Hovind acted. Using legal advice from another inmate, he filed a civil right suit against corrections personnel (a "Bivens action") alleging that they intentionally delayed court documents which hindered another appeal. Based on the assumption that it would trigger a chain of rulings that would ultimately result in the original sentence being overturned, he then filed several lis pendens on the properties. A federal judge rejected Hovind's claims and dismissed the filings ("void ab initio"), and asked for a "show of cause" from Hovind to explain why he should not be found in contempt of court for the false filings. His release date was approaching when he would face new charges related to the lis pendens filings.
Federal mail fraud and criminal contempt trial in 2015
On October 21, 2014, Hovind was indicted by a federal grand jury in Pensacola, Florida, on two counts of mail fraud, one count of conspiracy with Paul John Hansen to commit mail fraud, and one count of criminal contempt for interfering with the sale of Pensacola properties Hovind was forced to forfeit as a result of the 2006 case. Hovind and Hansen pleaded not guilty and were tried together.
On March 2, 2015, the trial began in U.S. District Court for Northern Florida. On the first day of testimony, the prosecution discussed Hovind and Hansen's "dozens of filings", including several lis pendens, used to resist a court-ordered forfeiture due in part to legal advice Hovind took from his "cellmate in a New Hampshire prison camp". The prosecution case included numerous emails, recorded phone calls, and court filings related to the forfeited properties. The prosecution presented audio of Hovind characterizing a lis pendens by asking his daughter, "Have you ever taken a step into dog crap and it gets stuck on your feet and it's really hard to get off?" Hansen and Hovind took the stand in their own defense. According to journalist Kevin Robinson, during Hovind's testimony, he "refused to give short answers" and said that he believed his actions were lawful. On March 12, 2015, Hovind was found guilty on one count of criminal contempt, Hansen on two counts of criminal contempt, and the jury was hung on the remaining charges.
A trial on the counts on which the jury could not reach a verdict had been ordered to begin on May 18, 2015. However, on May 16, 2015, the prosecution filed its "Government's Motion to Dismiss Counts One, Two and Four of the Superseding Indictment Without Prejudice," citing "issues regarding the technical sufficiency of the Superseding Indictment, including the adequacy of notice." Later, on May 16, the Court cancelled the jury selection and trial that had been scheduled to begin on Monday, May 18, in order, in the Court's words, to permit the defendants to respond to the government's motion.
On Monday, May 18, 2015, the U.S. District Court made two decisions. First, the Court granted the prosecutor's request for a "without prejudice" dismissal of the three remaining charges against Hovind, allowing the prosecutor to go back to a Federal grand jury and seek a new indictment if desired. Second, the Court rendered a judgment of acquittal on the criminal contempt charge on which Hovind had been found guilty by the jury. On that point, the Court concluded that in the specific order that Hovind had been found guilty of violating, there was no actual language that prohibited Hovind from doing anything.
On August 21, 2015, Paul John Hansen was sentenced to 18 months in prison and three years' probation for the two counts of contempt.
Domestic violence
Hovind was arrested in Alabama on July 30, 2021, for allegedly throwing his estranged wife, Cindi Lincoln, to the ground in October 2020. Additionally, she petitioned for a protective order in Conecuh County, Alabama, saying that she had to go to the emergency room after being "bodyslammed". She has also stated that she had been threatened by one of Hovind's associates. At a bench trial in the Connecuh County Courthouse on September 20, 2021, he was found guilty of domestic violence. He was sentenced to one year in jail which would be suspended following 30 days in the county jail to start by October 18, fined $500, and ordered to pay restitution for medical expenses. A request for a retrial was denied, and an appeal requesting a jury trial was filed in the Alabama Circuit Courts.
See also
Notes
- now Patriot Bible University in Del Norte, Colorado, which no longer offers this program
- It contains four chapters totaling 101 pages, but Hovind's introduction claims the work is 250 pages with 16 chapters.
- There may also be a 1970 version.
- In 2004, Hovind told The New York Times that he had 700 speaking engagements per year.
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