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{{Short description|Turkish folk heroine}}
⚫ ]
{{More citations needed|date=March 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox military person
|name = Nene Hatun
|birth_date = 1857
|death_date = {{death year and age|1955|1857}}
|birth_place = ], ]
|death_place = Erzurum, ]
|placeofburial = Aziziye Fort, Erzurum
|placeofburial_label =
|image = Nene Hatun Heykeli (Erzurum Tabyalar).jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption = Statue of Nene Hatun by ] at Aziziye Fort in Erzurum.
|nickname = Nene Hatun
|allegiance = {{flag|Ottoman Empire}}
|branch =
|serviceyears = 1877–78
|rank =
|commands =
|unit=
|battles = ]
|awards =
|laterwork =
}}


'''Nene Hatun''', aka '''Nenehatun''', (1857 - 22 May 1955) was a ] ]ine, who at her age of twenty showed bravery during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in ] from ] forces at the start of the ]. '''Nene Hatun''' (1857 – 22 May 1955) was a Turkish ]ine, who became known for fighting against Russian forces during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in ] from ] forces at the start of the ].<ref>M. Talat Uzunyaylali. Efsane Kadin - Nene Hatun. (2013) {{ISBN|9752691862}}, {{ISBN|978-9752691865}}</ref>


== Turkish historiography ==
⚫ This war is known in the history of Turkey as the "The war of '93" ({{lang-tr|'93 Harbi}}) to refer the year 1293 ] in ]. She had been living in a neighborhood of ] called ] that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Fort Aziziye was attacked by the Russian army, which captured it on the evening of 9 November with the help of Turkish speaking local Armenian gangs, killing all Turkish guards. Nene Hatun' brother Hasan who was heavily wounded and came back from war one day ago had just died that evening. In the morning when the news of Russian invasion of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her brother's dead body and taking an oath to avenge his death, leaving her three-month old baby girl and a few years older son at home, she joined the attack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipments. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2000 Russian soldiers being killed and rest escaped. Nene Hatun was found unconcious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was identified as being the most heroic of them all and became a symbol of bravery.
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
⚫ According to ], she had been living in a neighborhood of ] called ] that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Nene Hatun's older brother Hasan, who returned home badly wounded, died. Fort Aziziye was captured by the Russian army on the evening of 9 November. In the morning when the news of the Russian capture of Fort of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her dead brother's head and took an oath to avenge his death. She left her newborn baby girl and 3 year old son, Yusuf, at home, joining the counterattack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipment. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications by breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2,000 Russian soldiers being killed and the ]. Nene Hatun was found unconscious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was singled out for her heroism and would become a symbol of bravery.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}


== Later life==
There were so many Turkish civilians killed during the attack that as a result no mercy was shown to even surrendering Russian soldiers. C. B. Norman, reporter for the ''Daily News'', reported that <blockquote>"Nearly every Russian found lying on the ground was decapitated or otherwise mangled; and the dreadful crimes appear to have been perpetrated by women from the city who, when it was seen that the Russians were defeated, issued forth with knives, hatchets, and other household weapons, to dispatch the wounded who lay gasping on the ground."</blockquote><ref>{{cite book |last=Ollier |first=Edmund |title =Cassell's Illustrated History of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 |location=London |date=1878 |page=506 }}</ref>
⚫ ]

Nene Hatun (literally: grand lady) lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in Gallipoli wars (1915-1918). In March 1918 she was reported to be seen chasing the Armenian gangs who massacred many Turkish civilians of Erzurum and burnt down the city while they retreated before the advancing Turkish army. After independence war she had a difficult life depending on food (bread) help given by local municipality even sending a letter in 1943 to President Inonu asking for reinstatement of her one bread a day. American General Ridgway visited her in 1952 and when he asked her if she could join a new war she told him "of course I will." In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the Russian war of 93(1877) and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the ] in 1955. She died of ] on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye. <ref>{{cite web |work=Tarihin Tanıkları |title=93 Harbi'nde Nene Hatun |url=http://www.tarihintaniklari.com/contents/haber_oku.asp?haber=31 Nene Hatun lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in ] during the ]. In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the ] and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the ] in 1955. She died of ] on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye.<ref>{{cite web |work=Tarihin Tanıkları |title=93 Harbi'nde Nene Hatun |url=http://www.tarihintaniklari.com/contents/haber_oku.asp?haber=31
| accessdate=2007-08-30 }}</ref> | accessdate=2007-08-30 }}</ref>


== Nene Hatun in film ==
There is a project about shooting a movie about the heroic life of her. The project is expected to be ready by November 2007.<ref>{{cite news |newspaper=Turkish Daily News |title=The Life of a Turkish Heroine On Screen |url=http://www.turkishdailynews.com.tr/article.php?enewsid=82031 |accessdate=2007-08-30 }}</ref> A novel titled "Efsane Kadın Nene Hatun" (Legendary woman Nene Hatun) was written by M. Talat Uzunyaylalı to tell her life story.


⚫ Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie ''Gazi kadin (Nene hatun)'' starring ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263373 |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) (1973) }}</ref> Another movie titled ''Nene Hatun'' was released in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1718844/ |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Nene Hatun (2010) }}</ref>
Nene Hatun should not be confused with ] who, although associated with the same geography of Erzurum, was an important figure of the 12th century ] of ].


== Nene ] in film == == See also ==
*], Turkey's first emergency response vessel built in Turkey in 2014

⚫ Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie ''Gazi kadin (Nene hatun)'' starring ] and ]. <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263373 |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) (1973) }}</ref>


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
* {{tr}} * {{in lang|tr}}
* {{tr}} * {{in lang|tr}}

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Latest revision as of 06:29, 4 December 2024

Turkish folk heroine
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Nene Hatun
Statue of Nene Hatun by Metin Yurdanur at Aziziye Fort in Erzurum.
Nickname(s)Nene Hatun
Born1857
Erzurum, Ottoman Empire
Died1955 (aged 97–98)
Erzurum, Turkey
BuriedAziziye Fort, Erzurum
Allegiance Ottoman Empire
Years of service1877–78
Battles / warsRusso-Turkish War (1877–78)

Nene Hatun (1857 – 22 May 1955) was a Turkish folk heroine, who became known for fighting against Russian forces during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in Erzurum from Russian forces at the start of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

Turkish historiography

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

According to Turkish folklore, she had been living in a neighborhood of Erzurum called Aziziye that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Nene Hatun's older brother Hasan, who returned home badly wounded, died. Fort Aziziye was captured by the Russian army on the evening of 9 November. In the morning when the news of the Russian capture of Fort of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her dead brother's head and took an oath to avenge his death. She left her newborn baby girl and 3 year old son, Yusuf, at home, joining the counterattack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipment. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications by breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2,000 Russian soldiers being killed and the rest routed. Nene Hatun was found unconscious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was singled out for her heroism and would become a symbol of bravery.

Later life

Grave of Nene Hatun at Aziziye Fort in Erzurum

Nene Hatun lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in World War I during the battle of Gallipoli. In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the Mother's Day in 1955. She died of pneumonia on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye.

Nene Hatun in film

Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) starring Türkan Şoray and Kadir İnanır. Another movie titled Nene Hatun was released in 2010.

See also

  • ERV Nene Hatun, Turkey's first emergency response vessel built in Turkey in 2014

References

  1. M. Talat Uzunyaylali. Efsane Kadin - Nene Hatun. (2013) ISBN 9752691862, ISBN 978-9752691865
  2. "93 Harbi'nde Nene Hatun". Tarihin Tanıkları. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
  3. "Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) (1973)". IMDb The Internet Movie Database.
  4. "Nene Hatun (2010)". IMDb The Internet Movie Database.

External links

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