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{{Short description|Turkish folk heroine}}
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'''Nene Hatun''' (1857 – 22 May 1955) was a ] ]ine, who became known for fighting against Russian forces during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in ] from ] forces at the start of the ]. '''Nene Hatun''' (1857 – 22 May 1955) was a Turkish ]ine, who became known for fighting against Russian forces during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in ] from ] forces at the start of the ].<ref>M. Talat Uzunyaylali. Efsane Kadin - Nene Hatun. (2013) {{ISBN|9752691862}}, {{ISBN|978-9752691865}}</ref>


== Turkish historiography == == Turkish historiography ==
{{Unreferenced section|date=August 2021}}
According to ], she had been living in a neighborhood of ] called ] that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Nene Hatun's brother Hasan, who was heavily wounded, died. Fort Aziziye was captured by the Russian army on the evening of 9 November. In the morning when the news of the Russian capture of Fort of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her dead brother's head and took an oath to avenge his death. She left her three-month-old baby girl and an adolescent son at home, joining the counterattack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipment. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications by breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2000 Russian soldiers being killed and the rest routed (see:]). Nene Hatun was found unconscious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was singled out for her heroism and would become a symbol of bravery.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} According to ], she had been living in a neighborhood of ] called ] that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Nene Hatun's older brother Hasan, who returned home badly wounded, died. Fort Aziziye was captured by the Russian army on the evening of 9 November. In the morning when the news of the Russian capture of Fort of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her dead brother's head and took an oath to avenge his death. She left her newborn baby girl and 3 year old son, Yusuf, at home, joining the counterattack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipment. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}} but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications by breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2,000 Russian soldiers being killed and the ]. Nene Hatun was found unconscious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was singled out for her heroism and would become a symbol of bravery.{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}

== Contemporary accounts ==
Third-party reports on the battle for Fort Aziziye shed a less-favorable light on the events and speak of terrible mutilations being inflicted on the Russian soldiers. C. B. Norman, reporter for the ''Daily News'', recorded that

{{quotation|Nearly every Russian found lying on the ground was decapitated or otherwise mangled; and the dreadful crimes appear to have been perpetrated by women from the city who, when it was seen that the Russians were defeated, issued forth with knives, hatchets, and other household weapons, to dispatch the wounded who lay gasping on the ground.<ref>{{cite book |last=Ollier |first=Edmund |authorlink= Edmund Ollier |title =Cassell's Illustrated History of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 |location=London |year=1878 |page=506 }}</ref>}}


== Later life== == Later life==
] ]
Nene Hatun lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in ] during the ]. After ] she had a difficult life, relying on help given by the local municipality, even sending a letter in 1943 to Turkish president ] asking for reinstatement of her one bread a day allowance. American General Ridgway visited her in 1952 and when he asked her if she could join a new war she told him "of course I will."{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}} In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the ] and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the ] in 1955. She died of ] on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye.<ref>{{cite web |work=Tarihin Tanıkları |title=93 Harbi'nde Nene Hatun |url=http://www.tarihintaniklari.com/contents/haber_oku.asp?haber=31 Nene Hatun lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in ] during the ]. In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the ] and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the ] in 1955. She died of ] on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye.<ref>{{cite web |work=Tarihin Tanıkları |title=93 Harbi'nde Nene Hatun |url=http://www.tarihintaniklari.com/contents/haber_oku.asp?haber=31
| accessdate=2007-08-30 }}</ref> | accessdate=2007-08-30 }}</ref>


== Nene Hatun in film == == Nene Hatun in film ==


Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie ''Gazi kadin (Nene hatun)'' starring ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263373 |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) (1973) }}</ref> Another movie titled ''Nene Hatun'' was released in 2010 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1718844/ |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Nene Hatun (2010) }}</ref> Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie ''Gazi kadin (Nene hatun)'' starring ] and ].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0263373 |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) (1973) }}</ref> Another movie titled ''Nene Hatun'' was released in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1718844/ |work=IMDb The Internet Movie Database |title=Nene Hatun (2010) }}</ref>

== See also ==
*], Turkey's first emergency response vessel built in Turkey in 2014


== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|2}} {{reflist}}


== External links == == External links ==
* {{tr}} * {{in lang|tr}}
* {{tr}} * {{in lang|tr}}

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Latest revision as of 06:29, 4 December 2024

Turkish folk heroine
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Nene Hatun
Statue of Nene Hatun by Metin Yurdanur at Aziziye Fort in Erzurum.
Nickname(s)Nene Hatun
Born1857
Erzurum, Ottoman Empire
Died1955 (aged 97–98)
Erzurum, Turkey
BuriedAziziye Fort, Erzurum
Allegiance Ottoman Empire
Years of service1877–78
Battles / warsRusso-Turkish War (1877–78)

Nene Hatun (1857 – 22 May 1955) was a Turkish folk heroine, who became known for fighting against Russian forces during the recapture of Fort Aziziye in Erzurum from Russian forces at the start of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878.

Turkish historiography

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

According to Turkish folklore, she had been living in a neighborhood of Erzurum called Aziziye that was close to an important fortification defending the city. On the night of 7 November 1877, Nene Hatun's older brother Hasan, who returned home badly wounded, died. Fort Aziziye was captured by the Russian army on the evening of 9 November. In the morning when the news of the Russian capture of Fort of Aziziye was heard, she kissed her dead brother's head and took an oath to avenge his death. She left her newborn baby girl and 3 year old son, Yusuf, at home, joining the counterattack against Aziziye with her dead brother's rifle and her hatchet. The counter-attack was launched by Turkish civilians who were mostly women and elderly men armed with axes and farming equipment. Hundreds of Turkish civilians were killed by Russian gunfire but their numbers were so overwhelming they managed to enter the fortifications by breaking down its iron doors. A hand-to-hand fight ended with around 2,000 Russian soldiers being killed and the rest routed. Nene Hatun was found unconscious, wounded and her bloodied hands still firmly grasping her hatchet. She was singled out for her heroism and would become a symbol of bravery.

Later life

Grave of Nene Hatun at Aziziye Fort in Erzurum

Nene Hatun lived the rest of her life in Aziziye. She lost her husband in the following years and her son Yusuf was killed in World War I during the battle of Gallipoli. In 1954 she was remembered as the last survivor of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 and was visited by General Baransel, commander of the 3rd Turkish army, and from then until her death she was known as the "Mother of the Third Army". She was named as "Mother of the Mothers" on the Mother's Day in 1955. She died of pneumonia on 22 May 1955 at the age of 98 and was laid to rest in the martyrs' cemetery at Fort Aziziye.

Nene Hatun in film

Nene Hatun was depicted in the 1973 Turkish movie Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) starring Türkan Şoray and Kadir İnanır. Another movie titled Nene Hatun was released in 2010.

See also

  • ERV Nene Hatun, Turkey's first emergency response vessel built in Turkey in 2014

References

  1. M. Talat Uzunyaylali. Efsane Kadin - Nene Hatun. (2013) ISBN 9752691862, ISBN 978-9752691865
  2. "93 Harbi'nde Nene Hatun". Tarihin Tanıkları. Retrieved 30 August 2007.
  3. "Gazi kadin (Nene hatun) (1973)". IMDb The Internet Movie Database.
  4. "Nene Hatun (2010)". IMDb The Internet Movie Database.

External links

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