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{{short description|Pejorative term for Bengali Hindus}} |
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{{short description|Pejorative term for Bengali Hindus}} |
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{{italic title}} |
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'''''Malaun''''' ({{lang-bn|মালাউন}}) is a pejorative term for ], most commonly used in ].<ref name="roy18">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Tathagata |title=My People, Uprooted |year=2002 |publisher=Ratna Prakashan |location=Kolkata |isbn=81-85709-67-X |page=18}}</ref><ref name="uscirf12042008">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscirf.gov/component/content/article/290/2318.html |title=Bangladesh: The Upcoming National Elections, Pluralism, Tolerance and the Plight of Hindu and Non-Muslim Minority - Need a New Direction |last=Dastidar |first=Sachi |date=12 April 2008 |work=Bangladesh: Religious Freedom, Extremism, Security, and the Upcoming National Elections |publisher=United States Commission on International Religious Freedom |accessdate=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828234152/http://uscirf.gov/component/content/article/290/2318.html |archive-date=28 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hrcbm.org/news/HRCBM_UA_091202.pdf |title=Minorities Fear for Life and Security |date=12 September 2002 |publisher=HRCBM |accessdate=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="dna04032015">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-the-unholy-killings-of-avijit-roy-and-govind-pansare-2065974 |title=The unholy killings of Avijit Roy and Govind Pansare |last=Chatterjee |first=Garga |date=4 March 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |accessdate=9 March 2015}}</ref> The word is derived from the Arabic "ملعون", meaning "accursed" or "deprived of God's Mercy", and in modern times, it is used as an ] by the ] in Bengal for Hindus.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Torture of Tasneem Khalil: How the Bangladesh Military Abuses Its Power Under the State of Emergency |last1=Watch |first1=Human Rights |last2=Ganguly |first2=Meenakshi |last3=Alffram |first3=Henrik |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2008 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |location= |isbn= |page=28 |pages= |accessdate=30 May 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFS95bbQR7wC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |author=House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=25 March 2005 |title=Human Rights Annual Report 2004: Fourth Report of Session 2004-05 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/109/109.pdf |publisher=House of Commons, United Kingdom |page=88 |docket= |accessdate=31 May 2012 |quote=}}</ref><ref name="tdj02012014">{{cite news |url=http://www.jugantor.com/window/2014/01/02/55251 |script-title=bn:সংখ্যালঘুরা কাকে ভোট দেবে? |last=Roy |first=Palash Kumar |date=2 January 2014 |work=The Daily Jugantor |language=bn |accessdate=7 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> |
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'''''Malaun''''' ({{langx|bn|মালাউন}}) is a derogatory religious slur for hindus in ].<ref name="roy18">{{cite book |last=Roy |first=Tathagata |title=My People, Uprooted |year=2002 |publisher=Ratna Prakashan |location=Kolkata |isbn=81-85709-67-X |page=18}}</ref><ref name="uscirf12042008">{{cite web |url=http://www.uscirf.gov/component/content/article/290/2318.html |title=Bangladesh: The Upcoming National Elections, Pluralism, Tolerance and the Plight of Hindu and Non-Muslim Minority - Need a New Direction |last=Dastidar |first=Sachi |date=12 April 2008 |work=Bangladesh: Religious Freedom, Extremism, Security, and the Upcoming National Elections |publisher=United States Commission on International Religious Freedom |access-date=13 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130828234152/http://uscirf.gov/component/content/article/290/2318.html |archive-date=28 August 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hrcbm.org/news/HRCBM_UA_091202.pdf |title=Minorities Fear for Life and Security |date=12 September 2002 |publisher=HRCBM |access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="dna04032015">{{cite news |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/analysis/column-the-unholy-killings-of-avijit-roy-and-govind-pansare-2065974 |title=The unholy killings of Avijit Roy and Govind Pansare |last=Chatterjee |first=Garga |date=4 March 2015 |work=Daily News and Analysis |access-date=9 March 2015}}</ref> The word is derived from the Arabic "ملعون", meaning "accursed" or "deprived of God's Mercy".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Torture of Tasneem Khalil: How the Bangladesh Military Abuses Its Power Under the State of Emergency |last1=Watch |first1=Human Rights |last2=Ganguly |first2=Meenakshi |last3=Alffram |first3=Henrik |year=2008 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |page=28 |access-date=30 May 2012 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qFS95bbQR7wC}}</ref><ref>{{Cite report |author=House of Commons: Foreign Affairs Committee |date=25 March 2005 |title=Human Rights Annual Report 2004: Fourth Report of Session 2004-05 |url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmfaff/109/109.pdf |publisher=House of Commons, United Kingdom |page=88 |access-date=31 May 2012 }}</ref><ref name="tdj02012014">{{cite news |url=http://www.jugantor.com/window/2014/01/02/55251 |script-title=bn:সংখ্যালঘুরা কাকে ভোট দেবে? |last=Roy |first=Palash Kumar |date=2 January 2014 |work=The Daily Jugantor |language=bn |access-date=7 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> |
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== Etymology == |
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== Etymology == |
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{{Persecution of Bengali Hindus}} |
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{{Persecution of Bengali Hindus}} |
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The Arabic word "ملعون" (mal'un), literally meaning 'cursed' is derived from the root "لعنة" (la'nat) meaning "curse". In ] parlance, it means 'deprived of Allah's mercy'. The word has been loaned into languages of non-Arabic Islamic countries like Malay and Indonesian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sealang.net/lwim/search.pl?dict=lwim&ignoreDiacritic=1&orth=malun |title=Loanwords in Indonesian and Malay |publisher=SEAlang Library |accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stevens |first1=Alan M. |last2=Tellings |first2=A. Ed Schmidgall |title=A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVo2ZDYbL6gC |accessdate=7 February 2015 |year=2004 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1584-9 |page=610}}</ref> The dictionary published by the ] gives the meaning of the ] word "মালাউন" as someone cursed or deprived of Allah's mercy or forcefully evicted or a Kafir.<ref name="ao06112016">{{cite news |url=http://amaderorthoneeti.net/new/2016/11/06/39427/ |script-title=bn:মন্ত্রীর মালাউন গালি ও বাংলা একডেমির অর্থ |last=Barua |first=Anirban |date=6 November 2016 |work=Amader Orthoneeti |language=bn |accessdate=6 November 2016}}</ref> It mentions that the word is used as a slur by the Muslims against the non-Muslims.<ref name="ao06112016"/> In Bangladesh, the word is more specifically used to refer to the Hindu religious minority. In colloquial usage, the word is sometimes shortened to ''Malu''. |
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The Arabic word "ملعون" (mal'un), literally meaning 'cursed' is derived from the root "لعنة" (la'nat) meaning "curse". In ] parlance, it means 'deprived of Allah's mercy'. The word has been loaned into languages of non-Arabic Islamic countries like Malay and Indonesian.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sealang.net/lwim/search.pl?dict=lwim&ignoreDiacritic=1&orth=malun |title=Loanwords in Indonesian and Malay |publisher=SEAlang Library |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Stevens |first1=Alan M. |last2=Tellings |first2=A. Ed Schmidgall |title=A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVo2ZDYbL6gC |access-date=7 February 2015 |year=2004 |publisher=Ohio University Press |isbn=978-0-8214-1584-9 |page=610}}</ref> The dictionary published by the ] gives the meaning of the ] word "মালাউন" as someone cursed or deprived of Allah's mercy or forcefully evicted or a Kafir.<ref name="ao06112016">{{cite news |url=http://amaderorthoneeti.net/new/2016/11/06/39427/ |script-title=bn:মন্ত্রীর মালাউন গালি ও বাংলা একডেমির অর্থ |last=Barua |first=Anirban |date=6 November 2016 |work=Amader Orthoneeti |language=bn |access-date=6 November 2016 |archive-date=7 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107011210/http://amaderorthoneeti.net/new/2016/11/06/39427/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It mentions that the word is used as a slur by the Muslims against the non-Muslims.<ref name="ao06112016"/> |
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== Usage == |
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== Usage == |
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] noted the usage of the term as early as 1946 in ].<ref name="nkb259">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Nirmal Kumar |authorlink=Nirmal Kumar Bose |title=My Daya With Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSZCoC8U24cC |accessdate=14 September 2013 |year=1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1726-4 |page=259}}</ref> During the ], the Pakistani officers addressed ] as malaun before executing him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gunijan.org.bd/GjProfDetails_action.php?GjProfId=179 |script-title=bn:গোবিন্দচন্দ্র দেব |trans-title=Gobinda Chandra Deb |last=Sajeeb |first=Mohammad Qutub Uddin |website=] |language=bn |accessdate=31 May 2012}}</ref> According to eyewitness, AKM Yusuf had addressed a gathering of ] at Rampal in Khulna district on 19 April. At the gathering he addressed the Hindus as malauns and the Hindu women as spoils of war and exhorted the audience to kill them and loot their women.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/12/01/yusuf-ordered-killing-of-hindus-witness |title=Yusuf ordered killing of Hindus: witness |date=1 December 2013 |work=bdnews24.com |accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> ], while serving as the President, had referred to the Hindus as malaun at a rally in ]. He apologized for his remark after protests from the Hindus.<ref name="bdpress.net10012015">{{cite news |url=http://bdpress.net/home/index.php?page=description&news=1420903836 |script-title=bn:সিলেটে হিন্দু মহাজোটের মানববন্ধন |date=10 January 2015 |work=bdpress.net |language=bn |accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> |
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] noted the usage of the term as early as 1946 in ].<ref name="nkb259">{{cite book |last=Bose |first=Nirmal Kumar |author-link=Nirmal Kumar Bose |title=My Daya With Gandhi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mSZCoC8U24cC |access-date=14 September 2013 |year=1999 |publisher=Orient Blackswan |isbn=978-81-250-1726-4 |page=259}}</ref> During the ], the Pakistani officers addressed ] as malaun before executing him.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://gunijan.org.bd/GjProfDetails_action.php?GjProfId=179 |script-title=bn:গোবিন্দচন্দ্র দেব |trans-title=Gobinda Chandra Deb |last=Sajeeb |first=Mohammad Qutub Uddin |website=] |language=bn |access-date=31 May 2012}}</ref> According to eyewitness, ] had addressed a gathering of ] at Rampal in Khulna district on 19 April. At the gathering he addressed the Hindus as malauns and the Hindu women as spoils of war and exhorted the audience to kill them and loot their women.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2013/12/01/yusuf-ordered-killing-of-hindus-witness |title=Yusuf ordered killing of Hindus: witness |date=1 December 2013 |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref> ], while serving as the President, had referred to the Hindus as malaun at a rally in ]. He apologized for his remark after protests from the Hindus.<ref name="bdpress.net10012015">{{cite news |url=http://bdpress.net/home/index.php?page=description&news=1420903836 |script-title=bn:সিলেটে হিন্দু মহাজোটের মানববন্ধন |date=10 January 2015 |work=bdpress.net |language=bn |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref> |
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In December 2013, Ganajagaran Mancha presented a deputation to the ] complaining about police torture. The deputation alleged that on 19 December 2013 the police abused a Hindu woman activist as malaun because she had put sindur.<ref name="kk22122013">{{cite news |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2013/12/22/33498 |script-title=bn:'মনে হয়েছিল এরা যেনো পাকিস্তান থেকে আমদানীকৃত পাকিস্তানী পুলিশ' |last=Farooq |first=Omar |date=22 December 2013 |work=Kaler Kantho |language=bn |accessdate=8 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> In December 2014, Nasiruddin Pintu, a convicted BNP politician, abused a Bengali Hindu police officer by calling him a malaun when he attempted to stop his lawyers and supporters from meeting Pintu illegally. Pintu threatened the officer with loss of job and called him son of a pig.<ref name="bdnews18122014">{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2014/12/18/bnps-pintu-hurls-ethnic-slur-malaun-at-a-policeman |title=BNP’s Pintu hurls ethnic slur ‘Malaun’ at a policeman |date=18 December 2014 |work=bdnews24.com |accessdate=4 February 2015}}</ref> In January 2015, ] workers Shahnawaz and Anwaruzzaman Chowdhury abused fellow Awami League worker Sushanta Dasgupta at a party function in London.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sylhetview24.com/news/details/Abroad_Life/20862 |script-title=bn:‘মালাউন’ গালি আনোয়ারুজ্জামানের, বিজয় অনুষ্ঠানে হাতাহাতি |date=7 January 2015 |work=sylhetview24.com |language=bn |accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref> |
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In December 2013, Ganajagaran Mancha presented a deputation to the ] complaining about police torture. The deputation alleged that on 19 December 2013 the police abused a Hindu woman activist as malaun because she had put sindur.<ref name="kk22122013">{{cite news |url=http://www.kalerkantho.com/online/national/2013/12/22/33498 |script-title=bn:'মনে হয়েছিল এরা যেনো পাকিস্তান থেকে আমদানীকৃত পাকিস্তানী পুলিশ' |last=Farooq |first=Omar |date=22 December 2013 |work=Kaler Kantho |language=bn |access-date=8 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> In December 2014, Nasiruddin Pintu, a convicted BNP politician, abused a Bengali Hindu police officer by calling him a malaun when he attempted to stop his lawyers and supporters from meeting Pintu illegally. Pintu threatened the officer with loss of job and called him son of a pig.<ref name="bdnews18122014">{{cite news |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2014/12/18/bnps-pintu-hurls-ethnic-slur-malaun-at-a-policeman |title=BNP's Pintu hurls ethnic slur 'Malaun' at a policeman |date=18 December 2014 |work=bdnews24.com |access-date=4 February 2015}}</ref> In January 2015, ] workers Shahnawaz abused fellow Awami League worker Sushanta Dasgupta at a party function in London.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.sylhetview24.com/news/details/Abroad_Life/20862 |script-title=bn:‘মালাউন’ গালি আনোয়ারুজ্জামানের, বিজয় অনুষ্ঠানে হাতাহাতি |date=7 January 2015 |work=sylhetview24.com |language=bn |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref> |
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In the Internet, a ] run handle named Basher Kella has given the call for killing all the malauns and turning Bangladesh into a country where only the Muslims will live.<ref name="atimes28032013">{{cite news |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-280313.html |title=Anti-Hindu attacks rock Bangladesh |last=Roy |first=Swadesh |date=28 March 2013 |work=Asia Times |accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bangladeshlivenews.com/bnews/5/turningbangladeshbanglastan |title=Turning Bangladesh in to Banglastan |work=bangladeshlivenews.com |accessdate=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="tds07032013">{{cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/banglastan/ |title=Banglastan! |date=7 March 2013 |work=The Daily Star |accessdate=7 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> |
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In the Internet, a ] run social media handle named '''Basher Kella''' has given the call for killing all the malauns and turning Bangladesh into a country where only the Muslims will live.<ref name="atimes28032013">{{cite news |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-280313.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130328224416/http://atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/SOU-01-280313.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=28 March 2013 |title=Anti-Hindu attacks rock Bangladesh |last=Roy |first=Swadesh |date=28 March 2013 |work=Asia Times |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bangladeshlivenews.com/bnews/5/turningbangladeshbanglastan |title=Turning Bangladesh in to Banglastan |work=bangladeshlivenews.com |access-date=7 February 2015}}</ref><ref name="tds07032013">{{cite news |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/banglastan/ |title=Banglastan! |date=7 March 2013 |work=The Daily Star |access-date=7 February 2015 |location=Dhaka}}</ref> |
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== Impact on Hindu society == |
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In few schools and colleges in Bangladesh, the ] pupils are frequently abused by their classmates by calling them malauns.<ref name="tdj02012014"/> Many of them get mentally devastated by consistent ] and drop out of their studies.<ref name="tdj02012014"/> |
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== See also == |
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== See also == |
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; Persecution of Hindus and Buddhists in Bangladesh |
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; Persecution of Hindus and Buddhists in Bangladesh |
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; Persecution of other non-Muslims in Bangladesh |
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; Persecution of other non-Muslims in Bangladesh |
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== References == |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
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{{Religious slurs}} |
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{{Religious slurs}} |
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The Arabic word "ملعون" (mal'un), literally meaning 'cursed' is derived from the root "لعنة" (la'nat) meaning "curse". In Islamic parlance, it means 'deprived of Allah's mercy'. The word has been loaned into languages of non-Arabic Islamic countries like Malay and Indonesian. The dictionary published by the Bangla Academy gives the meaning of the Bengali word "মালাউন" as someone cursed or deprived of Allah's mercy or forcefully evicted or a Kafir. It mentions that the word is used as a slur by the Muslims against the non-Muslims.
