| Revision as of 18:34, 1 June 2024 editCitation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,407,532 edits Added isbn. Removed parameters. Upgrade ISBN10 to 13. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Abductive | Category:Tribes of India | #UCB_Category 6/27← Previous edit | Latest revision as of 02:37, 8 December 2024 edit undoAxedd (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users4,163 editsNo edit summaryTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit | ||
| (15 intermediate revisions by 8 users not shown) | |||
| Line 3: | Line 3: | ||
| {{Infobox ethnic group | {{Infobox ethnic group | ||
| | group = Mughal | | group = Mughal | ||
| | image = | | image = File:Aquil Hussain Barlas.jpg | ||
| | image_caption = | | image_caption = ] | ||
| | region1 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} ] | | region1 = {{flagicon|Pakistan}} ] | ||
| | region2 = {{flagicon|India}} ] | | region2 = {{flagicon|India}} ] | ||
| | region3 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} ] | | region3 = {{flagicon|Bangladesh}} ] | ||
| | langs = |
| langs = ], ], ]<br/>] (formerly) | ||
| | rels = Islam | | rels = Islam | ||
| | related = ], ], ] and ] | | related = ], ] and ] | ||
| }} | }} | ||
| The '''Mughals''' (also spelled Moghul or Mogul) |
The '''Mughals''' (also spelled Moghul or Mogul) is a ] ] from modern-day ], ] and ].<ref name=Levin>{{Cite encyclopedia |first=S. F.|last=Levin|title=Mughal|url-access=registration|url=http://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofpa0000unse_u8i3 |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Pakistan|editor-first1=Hafeez|editor-last1= Malik |editor-last2=Gankovsky|editor-first2=Yuri V.|editor1-link=Hafeez Malik|date=2006 |publisher=] |isbn=978-0-19-597735-6}}</ref> They claim to have descended from the various Central Asian ],<ref name=":Genetic Genealogy">{{Cite journal|author = Сабитов Ж. М., Баймуханов Н. Б.|editor= |format= |url= https://www.academia.edu/17004570|title= Y-STR гаплотипы узбеков, уйгуров, таджиков, пуштунов, хазарейцев, моголов из базы данных Family Tree DNA|type= |orig-year= |agency = |journal= The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy|year= 2015|volume= |number= 2|pages = 22–23|series= |issn = |doi = |bibcode = |arxiv = |pmid = |archive-url = |archive-date = |language= ru|quote= }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Atlas Of World History|author=Liz Wyse and Caroline Lucas|year=1997|publisher=Geddes & Grosset|location=Scotland}}</ref> and ] peoples that had historically settled in the ] and mixed with the native Indian population.<ref name=Levin/> The term ''Mughal'' (or ''Moghul'' in Persian) literally means Mongol.<ref>{{cite book|title=Collins Compact Dictionary|year=2002|publisher=HarperCollins|location=Glasgow|isbn=0-00-710984-9}}</ref> | ||
| ==Pakistan== | |||
| ==History and origin== | |||
| ] | |||
| In North India, the term Mughal refers to one of the four social groups that are referred to as the ] in Pakistan, the Gheba and Kassar in Punjab claim from the ], a Mongol tribe that had later been ].<ref name="Manz">B.F. Manz, ''The rise and rule of Tamerlan'', ], Cambridge 1989, p. 28: ''"... We know definitely that the leading clan of the Barlas tribe traced its origin to Qarachar Barlas, head of one of Chaghadai's regiments ... These then were the most prominent members of the Ulus Chaghadai: the old Mongolian tribes — Barlas, Arlat, Soldus and Jalayir ..."''</ref><ref name="UNESCO">M.S. Asimov & ], ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia'', ] Regional Office, 1998, {{ISBN|92-3-103467-7}}, p. 320: ''"... One of his followers was Timur of the Barlas tribe. This Mongol tribe had settled in the valley of Kashka Darya, intermingling with the Turkish population, adopting their religion (Islam) and gradually giving up its own nomadic ways, like a number of other Mongol tribes in Transoxania ..."''</ref> Sir Denzil Ibbetson, the eminent British student of Punjabi tribal structures, noted a tendency among many tribes of the Pothohar and Upper ] of Northern Pakistan to claim Barlas Mughal ancestry.{{citation needed|date=January 2024}} | |||
| In Pakistan, Mughal people are mostly settled in the provinces of Azad Kashmir, ] and ].<ref name=Levin/> | |||
| == |
==India== | ||
| ⚫ | |||
| === In |
=== In North India === | ||
| ⚫ | The Mughals commonly use "Mirza" as their surname.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jBOh24IJ9t8C&dq=mughal+caste&pg=PA71 | title= Indian Society, Institutions and Change |author= Rajendra K. Sharma | date= 2004 |page= 71 | publisher= Atlantic Publishers & Dist | isbn= 978-81-7156-665-5 }}</ref> They are also sometimes referred to as Chughtais or Chagatai Türks named after Chagatai Turkic language spoken by the Barlas and other Central Asian tribes. But one of the social groups that are claim to as the Ashraaf.<ref>Muslim Caste in Uttar Pradesh (A Study of Culture Contact), Ghaus Ansari, Lucknow, 1960</ref>{{full citation needed|date=September 2018}} | ||
| ⚫ | The Sambhal, who claim Turkic descent, identify as a Biradari, literally translating to "brotherhood", which is the word used for a social unit based on kinship such as tribe or clan.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umNgDwAAQBAJ&dq=biradari+tribe&pg=PT93 |title=Forging the Ideal Educated Girl:The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia |author= Shenila Khoja-Moolji |date=2018 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-97053-3 }}</ref> The chief of the Biradari is the "Sardar", who is usually an elder man annually elected as the greatest man in the Biradari. Decisions on important matters are taken only after consulting the Biradari, and once taken binding on every member.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.25924/page/n573/mode/2up |title=Agriculture and Live Stock In India Vol-viii |author=Khan Amanat |date=1938 |page=485 |publisher=The Imperial Council Agriculture Research}}</ref> | ||
| ==== In Uttar Pradesh ==== | |||
| ==Present circumstances== | |||
| ⚫ | The Sambhal, who claim Turkic descent, identify as a Biradari, literally translating to "brotherhood", which is the word used for a social unit based on kinship such as tribe or clan.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=umNgDwAAQBAJ&dq=biradari+tribe&pg=PT93 |title=Forging the Ideal Educated Girl:The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia |author= Shenila Khoja-Moolji |date=2018 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-97053-3 }}</ref> The chief of the Biradari is the "Sardar", who is usually an elder man annually elected as the greatest man in the Biradari. Decisions on important matters are taken only after consulting the Biradari, and once taken binding on every member.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/dli.ernet.25924/page/n573/mode/2up |title=Agriculture and Live Stock In India Vol-viii |author=Khan Amanat |date=1938 |page=485 |publisher=The Imperial Council Agriculture Research}}</ref> | ||
| === |
====Gujarat==== | ||
| The community had traditionally served as soldiers in the armies of the various Indo-Muslim dynasties which ruled the ]. They were and still are a community of small to medium-sized farmers. A good many are also traders. Like other ]s, they have a caste association known as the Jamat, which acts both as a welfare organization and an instrument of social control.<ref>People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 1394-1399</ref> | The community had traditionally served as soldiers in the armies of the various Indo-Muslim dynasties which ruled the ]. They were and still are a community of small to medium-sized farmers. A good many are also traders. Like other ]s, they have a caste association known as the Jamat, which acts both as a welfare organization and an instrument of social control.<ref>People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 1394-1399</ref> In North India, the term Mughal refers Gürkani or ]. | ||
| == See also == | == See also == | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * ] | * ] | ||
| * Changaizi | |||
| * Baig mughal | |||
| * Taimoori Mughal | |||
| * Tatar | |||
| * HAZARA Mughal | |||
| * Sardar Mughal | |||
| * Bib Mughal | |||
| * Chughtayi | |||
| * Mirza | |||
| * Maingal | |||
| * Maldiyal | |||
| * Qiyat | |||
| * MONGOL | |||
| * | |||
| == References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 02:37, 8 December 2024
Group of clans of North India and Pakistan For the people of Central Asia, see Moghol people. Ethnic group Mirza Aqil Hussain Barlas | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Languages | |
| Urdu, Punjabi, Bangla Persian (formerly) | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Pakistani people, Indian people and Bangladeshi people |
The Mughals (also spelled Moghul or Mogul) is a Muslim corporate group from modern-day North India, Pakistan and Bangladesh. They claim to have descended from the various Central Asian Mongolic, and Turkic peoples that had historically settled in the Mughal India and mixed with the native Indian population. The term Mughal (or Moghul in Persian) literally means Mongol.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, Mughal people are mostly settled in the provinces of Azad Kashmir, Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
India
In North India
The Mughals commonly use "Mirza" as their surname. They are also sometimes referred to as Chughtais or Chagatai Türks named after Chagatai Turkic language spoken by the Barlas and other Central Asian tribes. But one of the social groups that are claim to as the Ashraaf.
In Uttar Pradesh
The Sambhal, who claim Turkic descent, identify as a Biradari, literally translating to "brotherhood", which is the word used for a social unit based on kinship such as tribe or clan. The chief of the Biradari is the "Sardar", who is usually an elder man annually elected as the greatest man in the Biradari. Decisions on important matters are taken only after consulting the Biradari, and once taken binding on every member.
Gujarat
The community had traditionally served as soldiers in the armies of the various Indo-Muslim dynasties which ruled the Indian subcontinent. They were and still are a community of small to medium-sized farmers. A good many are also traders. Like other Gujarati Muslims, they have a caste association known as the Jamat, which acts both as a welfare organization and an instrument of social control. In North India, the term Mughal refers Gürkani or Timurids.
See also
- Khan Mughal
- Turco-Mongol tradition
- Changaizi
- Baig mughal
- Taimoori Mughal
- Tatar
- HAZARA Mughal
- Sardar Mughal
- Bib Mughal
- Chughtayi
- Mirza
- Maingal
- Maldiyal
- Qiyat
- MONGOL
References
- ^ Levin, S. F. (2006). "Mughal". In Malik, Hafeez; Gankovsky, Yuri V. (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Pakistan. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-597735-6.
- Сабитов Ж. М., Баймуханов Н. Б. (2015). "Y-STR гаплотипы узбеков, уйгуров, таджиков, пуштунов, хазарейцев, моголов из базы данных Family Tree DNA". The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy (in Russian) (2): 22–23.
- Liz Wyse and Caroline Lucas (1997). Atlas Of World History. Scotland: Geddes & Grosset.
- Collins Compact Dictionary. Glasgow: HarperCollins. 2002. ISBN 0-00-710984-9.
- Rajendra K. Sharma (2004). Indian Society, Institutions and Change. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 71. ISBN 978-81-7156-665-5.
- Muslim Caste in Uttar Pradesh (A Study of Culture Contact), Ghaus Ansari, Lucknow, 1960
- Shenila Khoja-Moolji (2018). Forging the Ideal Educated Girl:The Production of Desirable Subjects in Muslim South Asia. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-97053-3.
- Khan Amanat (1938). Agriculture and Live Stock In India Vol-viii. The Imperial Council Agriculture Research. p. 485.
- People of India Gujarat Volume XXI Part Three edited by R.B Lal, P.B.S.V Padmanabham, G Krishnan & M Azeez Mohideen pages 1394-1399
| Mongolic peoples | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| History | |||||||||||
| Proto-Mongols | |||||||||||
| Medieval tribes | |||||||||||
| Ethnic groups |
| ||||||||||
| See also: Donghu and Xianbei · Turco-Mongol Mongolized ethnic groups.Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component. | |||||||||||
| Turco-Mongol | |
|---|---|
| States | |
| Related ethnic groups and clans | |
| Culture | |
| Origin is controversial. | |