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| name = Bartoszyce | name = Bartoszyce
| image_skyline = {{Photomontage | image_skyline = {{Photomontage
|color=#ffffff | color = #ffffff
| photo1a = Market square, Bartoszyce (2).jpg{{!}}Constitution of May 3 Square
| photo1a = Bartoszyce. Kościół farny św. Jana Ewangelisty i MB Częstochowskiej widziany z Bramy Lidzbarskiej..jpg
| photo2a = Saint John the Evangelist and Our Lady of Częstochowa church in Bartoszyce (2).jpg{{!}}Gothic Saint John the Evangelist church
| photo2a = Bartoszyce. Rzeka Łyna..jpg
| photo2b = Kościół Jana Chrzciciela Bartoszyce.jpg{{!}}Gothic Saint John the Baptist church
| photo2b = Brama Lidzbarska w Bartoszycach. - panoramio.jpg
| photo3a = Widok z wieży ciśnień w Bartoszycach na sanktuarium św. Brunona Bonifacego z Kwerfurtu - patrona Bartoszyc. - panoramio.jpg | photo3a = Widok z wieży ciśnień w Bartoszycach na sanktuarium św. Brunona Bonifacego z Kwerfurtu - patrona Bartoszyc. - panoramio.jpg{{!}}Saint Bruno church
| photo3b = Bartoszyce. Jesień na Placu Konstytucji 3 Maja. - panoramio.jpg | photo3b = Bartoszyce. Rzeka Łyna..jpg{{!}}Łyna River in Bartoszyce
| spacing = 2 | spacing = 2
| border = 0 | border = 0
| size = 266 | size = 266 }}
| image_caption = {{hlist|From top, left to right: Constitution of May 3 Square|Saint John the Evangelist church|Saint John the Baptist church|Saint Bruno church|] in Bartoszyce}}
}}
| imagesize = 250px
| image_caption = {{hlist|From top, left to right: Town panorama with the Saint John the Evangelist church|] in Bartoszyce|Lidzbarska Gate|Saint Bruno church|Constitution of May 3 Square}}
| image_flag = POL Bartoszyce flag.svg | image_flag = POL Bartoszyce flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Bartoszyce City COA.svg | image_shield = POL Bartoszyce City COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland#Poland Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship | pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = bottom | pushpin_label_position = bottom
| coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|20|48|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| pushpin_map_alt =
| subdivision_type = ]
| pushpin_map_caption =
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type = ]
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|name=Warmian-Masurian}}
| subdivision_type1 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship|name=Warmian-Masurian}}
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_type2 = ]
| subdivision_type3 = ]
| subdivision_name2 = ]
| subdivision_name3 = Bartoszyce <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| subdivision_type3 = ]
| leader_party = ]
| subdivision_name3 = Bartoszyce <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor | leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Krzysztof Franciszek Nałęcz | leader_name = Wiesław Kurach
| government_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web|title=Burmistrz Miasta Bartoszyce|url=https://bartoszyce.pl/urzad/burmistrz-miasta-bartoszyce|website=bartoszyce.pl|publisher=Miasto Bartoszyce|language=pl|access-date=2022-08-30}}</ref>
| established_title = Established | established_title = Established
| established_date = 1240 | established_date = 1240
| established_title3 = Town rights | established_title2 = Town rights
| established_date3 = 1326 | established_date2 = 1326
| area_total_km2 = 11 | area_total_km2 = 11.79
| area_footnotes = <ref name="area">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-08-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Category K1, group G441, subgroup P1410. Data for territorial unit 2801011.</ref>
|population_as_of = 2019-06-30<ref>{{cite web |title=Ludność. Stan i struktura w przekroju terytorialnym (stan w dniu 30.06.2019)|url=https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/ludnosc/ludnosc/ludnosc-stan-i-struktura-w-przekroju-terytorialnym-stan-w-dniu-30-06-2019,6,26.html|website=stat.gov.pl|publisher=Główny Urząd Statystyczny|language=pl|date=2019-10-15|accessdate=2020-02-14}}</ref>
| elevation_m = 3
| population_total = 23482
| elevation_ft = 9.8
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_as_of = 31 December 2021
| population_total = 22597
| population_density_km2 = 1917
| population_footnotes = <ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-08-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Category K3, group G7, subgroup P1336. Data for territorial unit 2801011.</ref><ref name="population_density">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/bdl/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-08-30|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Category K3, group G7, subgroup P2425. Data for territorial unit 2801011.</ref>
| timezone = ] | timezone = ]
| utc_offset = +1 | utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = ] | timezone_DST = ]
| utc_offset_DST = +2 | utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|54|15|N|20|48|E|region:PL|display=inline}}
| postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 11-200 | postal_code = 11-200
| area_code = +48 89 | area_code = +48 89
| blank_name = ] | blank_name = ]
| blank_info = NBA | blank_info = NBA
| blank_name_sec2 = ]
| website = http://www.bartoszyce.pl }}
| blank_info_sec2 = ]

| blank1_name_sec2 = ]s
'''Bartoszyce''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|pl-Bartoszyce.ogg|b|a|r|t|o|'|sz|y|c|e}} ({{lang-de|Bartenstein}}, {{IPA-de|ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn||De-Bartenstein.ogg}}; {{lang-lt|Barštynas}}) is a ] on the ] River in northeastern ] with 25,621 inhabitants ({{As of|2005|lc=y}}). It is the capital of ] within the ].
| blank1_info_sec2 = ] ]
| website = http://bartoszyce.pl
}}
'''Bartoszyce''' (<small>pronounced</small> {{respell|Barto|shitse}} {{IPAc-pl|AUD|pl-Bartoszyce.ogg|b|a|r|t|o|'|sz|y|c|e}}; {{langx|de|Bartenstein}}, {{IPA|de|ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn||De-Bartenstein.ogg}}) is a ] on the ] in northern ], with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021.<ref name=population/> It is the capital of ] within the ].


==Geographical location== ==Geographical location==
Bartoszyce is on the left shore of river ] in a valley, approximately {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=off}} east of ] and {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of ], at an altitude of {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=off}} ]. Bartoszyce lies on the left shore of river ] in a valley, approximately {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=off}} east of ] and {{convert|55|km|mi|abbr=off}} south of ], at an altitude of {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=off}} ].


==History== ==History==
===Middle Ages=== ===Middle Ages===
] Saint John the Evangelist church, built after 1332, and expanded 1360–80 and during the 15th century]] ] Saint John the Evangelist church, built after 1332, and expanded in 1360–80 and in the 15th century]]
Around 1241 the ] constructed a ] on the left shore of the ] on the border between the ] regions of ] and ].<ref name="Ostpreussen">''Ostpreußen.net''. . Accessed 1 April 2007. {{in lang|de}}</ref> The castle was part of the ]ei ]. It was first composed of block houses, ]s, and earthworks and later built from bricks.{{citation needed|date=April 2013}} Besieged by ] for four years during a ] beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt the castle shortly afterwards, but this was besieged by ] in 1273. After uprisings ended, the knights built the ] out of stone from 1274–80.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was administered by the ] of Balga. Around 1241 the ] (the monastic German Order) constructed a castle on the left shore of the ] on the border between the ] regions of ] and ].<ref name="Ostpreussen">''Ostpreußen.net''. . Accessed 1 April 2007. {{in lang|de}}</ref> The castle was part of the district (''Komturei'') of ]. It was first composed of stone houses, ]s, and earthworks and later built of bricks.


Besieged by the native ] for four years during an ] beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt it shortly afterward, but it was besieged by another Baltic group, the ], in 1273. After the Old Prussian uprisings ended, the Knights rebuilt the ] out of stone from 1274–80.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was managed by the ] (administrator) of Balga.
A settlement developed near the caste on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received ] from Grand Master ] in 1332.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too dangerous from warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> The town's Polish population used the Polish names ''Bartoszyce'' and ''Barsztyn''.<ref name=EMA>{{cite web|url=http://www.emazury.com/index.php?JEZ=pl&LIS=miasta&MENU=bartoszyce&GL=bartoszyce1|title=Bartoszyce, eMazury|accessdate=June 7, 2019|language=Polish}}</ref> ] settled in large numbers in Bartoszyce from the 14th to the 17th century.<ref name=EMA/> Komtur ] of Balga began construction of a ] the town in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name ''Rosenthal'', it received ] from the Teutonic Grand Master ] in 1332.{{citation needed|date=May 2013}} After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/><ref name=EMA>{{cite web|url=http://www.emazury.com/index.php?JEZ=pl&LIS=miasta&MENU=bartoszyce&GL=bartoszyce1|title=Bartoszyce, eMazury|access-date=June 7, 2019|language=pl}}</ref> ] settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names ''Bartoszyce'' and ''Barsztyn''.<ref name=EMA/> The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: ''Komtur''), ] of Balga, began construction of a ] around the town in 1353.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>
The town sided with the ] and the ] during the ] (1454–66). The Teutonic castle was destroyed by the town's citizens at the beginning of the war and was not rebuilt afterward.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> The townsfolk became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the ] signed in ] in 1466 the town came under Polish ] as a ], remaining part of the ]. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to ''Heinrich ] von Plauen'' (not ''the'' ]).<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>

In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic ], upon the request of which Polish King ] incorporated the region and town to the ] in 1454.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Górski|first=Karol|title=Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych|year=1949|publisher=Instytut Zachodni|location=]|language=pl|pages=XXXVII, 54}}</ref> At the beginning of the subsequent ], the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the ] signed in ] in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a ] held by the ].<ref>Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215</ref> To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to ''Heinrich ] von Plauen'' (not ''the'' ]).<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


===Modern era=== ===Modern era===
] ]
With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the ], established with the consent of the Polish king ], as a vassal state of the ]. The town converted to ] in the same year during the ]; it then did not have a ] church until the 19th century.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the ], established with the consent of the Polish king ], as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to ] in the same year during the ].<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>

Bartenstein became part of the secular ] in 1701 and the Prussian Province of ] in 1773. During the ], Prussia and the ] signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807,<ref name="GB">''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.</ref> the ]. Administrative reform following the ] placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818. The town was subjected to ] policies, and although the post of a Polish preacher still existed in 1829, the appointed preacher did not speak Polish.<ref>{{cite book|last=Kętrzyński|first=Wojciech|author-link=Wojciech Kętrzyński|year=1882|title=O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich|language=pl|location=Lwów|publisher=]|pages=587–588}}</ref>


Bartenstein became part of the ] in 1701 and the Prussian Province of ] in 1773. During the ], Prussia and the ] signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807,<ref name="GB" >''Der Große Brockhaus'', 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.</ref> the ]. Administrative reform following the wars placed the town within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818.
] ]
The ]–Bartoscyze train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron ], a machine factory, and a wagon factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the ], Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in ] during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed ] in 1927. The foundation of the old castle was used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/> The ]-Bartenstein (]–Bartoszyce) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the ], Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in ] during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed ] in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.<ref name="Ostpreussen"/>


In January 1945 during ], the town was 50% destroyed during fighting with the ] ]. After the ], the town and the area became part of Poland. Remaining German residents who had survived were either ] or later ], and the town was repopulated with ]. In January 2021 during ], the town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the ] ]. As a result of border changes promulgated at the ] (July–August 1945), the town and the area was assigned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime which stayed in power until the ] in the 1980s. Remaining German residents who had survived were either ] or later ] in accordance with the ], and the town was repopulated with ].


As part of the repressions against the ], the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of ].<ref name=pr>{{cite web|url=https://www.polskieradio.pl/7/15/Artykul/1262498,Popieluszko-zolnierz-z-Bartoszyc/|title="Popiełuszko - żołnierz z Bartoszyc"|website=PolskieRadio.pl|access-date=2 October 2021|language=pl}}</ref> The future priest ] did his military service there in 1966–1968.<ref name=pr/> He initiated resistance, for which he was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life.<ref name=pr/> There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce.
The town, renamed Bartoszyce, was in ] from 1975–1998. It became part of the ] in 1999.

]
Bartoszyce was administratively located in ] from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the ] in 1999.


===Number of inhabitants by year=== ===Number of inhabitants by year===
{{Historical population|align=left|1729|2000|1785|2780|1831|3603|1875|6460|1880|7132|1890|6442|1905|6805|1925|7890|1933|8717|1939|11268|2009|24994
]
|footnote=Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.<ref name="JFG">]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part I: ''Topographie von Ost-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1785, </ref><ref name="VWG">Michael Rademacher: '''' (2006).</ref>}}
] im. Stefana Żeromskiego (high school)]] ] im. Stefana Żeromskiego (high school)]]
{{clear|left}}
{| class="wikitable"

|-
==Popular culture==
! Year
The town is the location of a scene in ]'s '']''.<ref name="Leo">{{cite book |last1=Tolstoy |first1=Leo |title=War and Peace |date=1949 |publisher=International Collectors Library |location=Garden City}}</ref>{{rp|228}}
! Number

|-
==International relations==
| 1729 || align="right" | 2,000
===Twin towns - sister cities===
|-
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}
| 1785 || align="right" |2,780
Bartoszyce is ] with:<ref>{{cite web|title=Miasta Partnerskie|url=https://bartoszyce.pl/miasto/miasta-partnerskie|website=bartoszyce.pl|publisher=Miasto Bartoszyce|language=pl|access-date=2022-08-30}}</ref>
|-
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
| 1831 || align="right" | 3,603
* {{flagicon|UKR}} ], Ukraine
|-
* {{flagicon|SWE}} ], Sweden
| 1875 || align="right" | 6,460
* {{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland
|-
* {{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany
| 1880 || align="right" | 7,132
* {{flagicon|LTU}} ], Lithuania
|-
{{div col end}}
| 1890 || align="right" | 6,442
|-
| 1905 || align="right" | 6,805
|-
| 1925 || align="right" | 7,890
|-
| 1933 || align="right" | 8,717
|-
| 1939 || align="right" | 11,268
|-
| 2009 || align="right" | 24,994
|}


===Former twin towns===
Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.<ref name="JFG">]: ''Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen''. Part I: ''Topographie von Ost-Preussen'', Marienwerder 1785, </ref><ref name="VWG" /><ref name="VWG" >Michael Rademacher: '''' (2006).</ref>
* {{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia
On 25 March 2022, Bartoszyce County decided to terminate its cooperation with Russian city of Bagrationovsk as a response to the ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Uchwała Rady Powiatu nr LIV/259/2022|url=https://bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl/akty/1972/uchwala-w-sprawie-zakonczenia-wspolpracy-prowadzonej-przez-powiat-bartoszycki-na-podstawie-porozumienia-z-dnia-16.02.2001r.-zawartego-z-miastem-i-rejonem-bagrationowsk-obwodu-kaliningradzkiego-federacji-rosyjskiej.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220830154437/https://bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl/akty/1972/uchwala-w-sprawie-zakonczenia-wspolpracy-prowadzonej-przez-powiat-bartoszycki-na-podstawie-porozumienia-z-dnia-16.02.2001r.-zawartego-z-miastem-i-rejonem-bagrationowsk-obwodu-kaliningradzkiego-federacji-rosyjskiej.html|website=bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl|publisher=Bulletin of Public Information of Bartoszyce County|language=pl|access-date=2022-08-30|archive-date=2022-08-30}}</ref>


==Notable residents== ==Notable residents==
* ] (1540–1602), German theologian, lutist, author * ] (1540–1602), German theologian, lutist, author
* ] (1864–1943), German–American anarchist * ] (1864–1943), German–American anarchist
* ] (1893–1945), German anti–Nazi resistance fighter * ] (1893–1945), German anti–Nazi resistance fighter
* ] (1906–2008), German actor * ] (1906–2008), German actor
* ] (1917–2003), German fighter pilot * ] (1917–2003), German fighter pilot
* ] (1940), German athlete * ] (born 1940), German athlete
* ] (1949), Polish volleyball player * ] (born 1949), Polish volleyball player
* ] (1991), Polish handball player * ] (born 1991), Polish handball player
* ] (1996), Polish volleyball player * ] (born 1996), Polish volleyball player


==References==
==Twin towns — sister cities==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Bartoszyce is ] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Miasta Partnerskie|url=http://bartoszyce.pl/miasto/miasta-partnerskie/|website=bartoszyce.pl|publisher=Bartoszyce|language=pl|accessdate=2020-02-14}}</ref>
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*{{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia
*{{flagicon|UKR}} ], Ukraine
*{{flagicon|SWE}} ], Sweden
*{{flagicon|POL}} ], Poland
*{{flagicon|GER}} ], Germany
*{{flagicon|RUS}} ], Russia
*{{flagicon|LTU}} ], Lithuania
{{div col end}}


== External links ==
==Popular culture==
{{Commons category|Bartoszyce}}
The town is the location of a scene in ]''s '']''. <ref name="Leo">{{cite book |last1=Tolstoy |first1=Leo |title=War and Peace |date=1949 |publisher=International Collectors Library |location=Garden City}}</ref>{{rp|228}}
{{EB1911 poster|Bartenstein}}

* {{in lang|pl}}
==References==
* {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301125942/http://bartoszyce.pl/info-turystyka/rys-historyczny/ |date=2014-03-01 }} {{in lang|pl}}
{{Reflist}}
* {{in lang|de}}


==External links==
{{commons category|Bartoszyce}}
{{Wikisource1911Enc|Bartenstein}}
* {{in lang|pl}}
* {{in lang|pl}}
* {{in lang|de}}
*{{in lang|pl}}
{{coord|54|15|N|20|49|E|region:PL_type:city|display=title}}
<br />
{{Bartoszyce County}} {{Bartoszyce County}}
{{Gmina Bartoszyce}} {{Gmina Bartoszyce}}

{{Authority control}} {{Authority control}}


]
] ]
] ]

Revision as of 12:59, 8 December 2024

"Bartenstein" redirects here. For the German principality with a similar name, see Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Place in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland
Bartoszyce
Constitution of May 3 SquareGothic Saint John the Evangelist churchGothic Saint John the Baptist churchSaint Bruno churchŁyna River in Bartoszyce
  • From top, left to right: Constitution of May 3 Square
  • Saint John the Evangelist church
  • Saint John the Baptist church
  • Saint Bruno church
  • Łyna River in Bartoszyce
Flag of BartoszyceFlagCoat of arms of BartoszyceCoat of arms
Bartoszyce is located in PolandBartoszyceBartoszyce
Coordinates: 54°15′N 20°48′E / 54.250°N 20.800°E / 54.250; 20.800
Country Poland
Voivodeship Warmian-Masurian
CountyBartoszyce
GminaBartoszyce (urban gmina)
Established1240
Town rights1326
Government
 • MayorWiesław Kurach (PO)
Area
 • Total11.79 km (4.55 sq mi)
Elevation3 m (9.8 ft)
Population
 • Total22,597
 • Density1,917/km (4,970/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code11-200
Area code+48 89
Car platesNBA
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://bartoszyce.pl

Bartoszyce (pronounced Barto-shitse ; German: Bartenstein, [ˈbaʁtn̩ʃtaɪn] ) is a town on the Łyna River in northern Poland, with 22,597 inhabitants as of December 2021. It is the capital of Bartoszyce County within the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship.

Geographical location

Bartoszyce lies on the left shore of river Łyna River in a valley, approximately 90 kilometres (56 miles) east of Elbląg and 55 kilometres (34 miles) south of Kaliningrad, at an altitude of 3 metres (9.8 feet) above sea level.

History

Middle Ages

Gothic Saint John the Evangelist church, built after 1332, and expanded in 1360–80 and in the 15th century

Around 1241 the Teutonic Knights (the monastic German Order) constructed a castle on the left shore of the Łyna River on the border between the Old Prussian regions of Natangia and Bartia. The castle was part of the district (Komturei) of Balga. It was first composed of stone houses, palisades, and earthworks and later built of bricks.

Besieged by the native Old Prussians for four years during an uprising beginning in 1260, the castle was destroyed in 1264. The Order rebuilt it shortly afterward, but it was besieged by another Baltic group, the Sudovians, in 1273. After the Old Prussian uprisings ended, the Knights rebuilt the Ordensburg out of stone from 1274–80. During the 14th and 15th centuries, the castle was managed by the Komtur (administrator) of Balga.

Thereafter, a settlement developed near the castle on the right shore of the Alle River opposite the castle. First documented in 1326 under the name Rosenthal, it received town privileges from the Teutonic Grand Master Luther von Braunschweig in 1332. After that the name was changed to Bartenstein and the settlement of Rosenthal below the castle on the left shore of the river was relocated, as the left side had become too endangered by warfare. Poles settled in sizeable numbers in Bartenstein from the 14th to the 17th century. The town's Polish residents used the Polish names Bartoszyce and Barsztyn. The town's Teutonic Order administrator (German: Komtur), Henning Schindekopf of Balga, began construction of a wall around the town in 1353.

In 1440, the town joined the anti-Teutonic Prussian Confederation, upon the request of which Polish King Casimir IV Jagiellon incorporated the region and town to the Kingdom of Poland in 1454. At the beginning of the subsequent Thirteen Years' War, the Teutonic castle was destroyed and was not rebuilt afterward. However, the residents of Bartenstein became reconciled with the Teutonic Knights in 1460. After the peace treaty signed in Toruń in 1466, the town became part of Poland as a fief held by the State of the Teutonic Order. To stabilize the Order's financial situation, the Order sold the ruined castle's farmyard and meadows to Wend von Eulenburg in 1469; the entire manor of Bartenstein was sold in 1513 to Heinrich Reuß von Plauen (not the Grand Master).

Modern era

Lidzbarska Gate in the town center

With the secularization of the Teutonic Order's Prussian territories in 1525, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia, established with the consent of the Polish king Sigismund I the Old, as a vassal state of the Polish Crown. The town converted to Protestantism in the same year during the Protestant Reformation.

Bartenstein became part of the secular Kingdom of Prussia in 1701 and the Prussian Province of East Prussia in 1773. During the Napoleonic Wars, Prussia and the Russian Empire signed a treaty of alliance in the town on 26 April 1807, the Treaty of Bartenstein. Administrative reform following the Napoleonic Wars placed Bartenstein within East Prussia's Landkreis Friedland in 1818. The town was subjected to Germanisation policies, and although the post of a Polish preacher still existed in 1829, the appointed preacher did not speak Polish.

Bartenstein in the early 20th century

The Lyck-Bartenstein (Ełk–Bartoszyce) train line ran through the town in 1868, leading to the establishment of industries, including an iron foundry, a machine factory, and a train-car factory. It was also noted for its oak trade. A garrison town for the Prussian Army, Bartenstein was the seat of the district court. Because it had grown to become the largest town in Landkreis Friedland during the 19th century, the town was made the district capital in 1902. Landkreis Friedland was renamed Landkreis Bartenstein in 1927. The foundations of the old castle were used in the construction of the administrative seat; this building was destroyed in 1945.

In January 2021 during World War II, the town was 50% destroyed in fighting between German forces and the Soviet Red Army. As a result of border changes promulgated at the Potsdam Conference (July–August 1945), the town and the area was assigned to Poland, although with a Soviet-installed communist regime which stayed in power until the Fall of Communism in the 1980s. Remaining German residents who had survived were either evacuated or later expelled in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, and the town was repopulated with Poles.

As part of the repressions against the Catholic Church, the communists created a special military unit in Bartoszyce, to which they forcibly conscripted students of theological seminaries. The future priest Jerzy Popiełuszko did his military service there in 1966–1968. He initiated resistance, for which he was repeatedly punished, affecting his health for the rest of his life. There is a memorial to Jerzy Popiełuszko in Bartoszyce.

Bartoszyce in 1991

Bartoszyce was administratively located in Olsztyn Voivodeship from 1946 to 1998. It became part of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999.

Number of inhabitants by year

Historical population
YearPop.±%
17292,000—    
17852,780+39.0%
18313,603+29.6%
18756,460+79.3%
18807,132+10.4%
18906,442−9.7%
19056,805+5.6%
19257,890+15.9%
19338,717+10.5%
193911,268+29.3%
200924,994+121.8%
Note that the above table is based on primary, potentially biased, sources.
Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Stefana Żeromskiego (high school)

Popular culture

The town is the location of a scene in Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace.

International relations

Twin towns - sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland

Bartoszyce is twinned with:

Former twin towns

On 25 March 2022, Bartoszyce County decided to terminate its cooperation with Russian city of Bagrationovsk as a response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Notable residents

References

  1. "Burmistrz Miasta Bartoszyce". bartoszyce.pl (in Polish). Miasto Bartoszyce. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  2. "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-08-30. Category K1, group G441, subgroup P1410. Data for territorial unit 2801011.
  3. ^ "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-08-30. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P1336. Data for territorial unit 2801011.
  4. "Local Data Bank". Statistics Poland. Retrieved 2022-08-30. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P2425. Data for territorial unit 2801011.
  5. ^ Ostpreußen.net. Geschichte der Stadt Bartoszyce - Bartenstein. Accessed 1 April 2007. (in German)
  6. ^ "Bartoszyce, eMazury" (in Polish). Retrieved June 7, 2019.
  7. Górski, Karol (1949). Związek Pruski i poddanie się Prus Polsce: zbiór tekstów źródłowych (in Polish). Poznań: Instytut Zachodni. pp. XXXVII, 54.
  8. Górski, pp. 96–97, 214–215
  9. Der Große Brockhaus, 15th edition, Vol. 2, Leipzig 1929, p. 333.
  10. Kętrzyński, Wojciech (1882). O ludności polskiej w Prusiech niegdyś krzyżackich (in Polish). Lwów: Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich. pp. 587–588.
  11. ^ ""Popiełuszko - żołnierz z Bartoszyc"". PolskieRadio.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  12. Johann Friedrich Goldbeck: Vollständige Topographie des Königreichs Preußen. Part I: Topographie von Ost-Preussen, Marienwerder 1785, p. 18, no. 1.
  13. Michael Rademacher: Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Provinz Ostpreußen, Kreis Friedland/Bartenstein (2006).
  14. Tolstoy, Leo (1949). War and Peace. Garden City: International Collectors Library.
  15. "Miasta Partnerskie". bartoszyce.pl (in Polish). Miasto Bartoszyce. Retrieved 2022-08-30.
  16. "Uchwała Rady Powiatu nr LIV/259/2022". bipspbartoszyce.warmia.mazury.pl (in Polish). Bulletin of Public Information of Bartoszyce County. Archived from the original on 2022-08-30. Retrieved 2022-08-30.

External links

Gminas of Bartoszyce County
Urban gminas Coat of arms
Urban-rural gminas
Rural gminas
Gmina Bartoszyce
Seat (not part of the gmina)
Villages
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